The modern world in contemporary art. Main directions and techniques of contemporary art

Now it is impossible to imagine that our lives would not be accompanied by art and creativity. Wherever and whenever a person lived, even at the dawn of his development, he tried to comprehend the world around him, which means he sought to understand and figuratively, intelligibly pass on the acquired knowledge to subsequent generations. This is how wall paintings appeared in caves - ancient human settlements. And this is born not only from the desire to protect one’s descendants from the mistakes already made by one’s ancestors, but from the transfer of the beauty and harmony of the world, admiration for the perfect creations of nature.

Humanity did not mark time, it progressively moved forward and higher, and art also developed, accompanying man at all stages of this long and painful path. If you look at the Renaissance, you admire the heights that artists and poets, musicians and architects reached. The immortal creations of Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci still fascinate with their perfection and deep awareness of the role of man in the world, where he is destined to walk his short but beautiful, sometimes tragic path.

Art is one of the most important stages in human evolution. Art helps a person to look at the world with different points vision. With each era, with each century, it is improved more and more by man. At all times, art has helped people develop their abilities and improve abstract thinking. Over the centuries, man has tried more and more to change art, improve it, and deepen his knowledge. Art is the great mystery of the world, in which the secrets of the history of our lives are hidden. Art is our history. Sometimes you can find answers to questions that even the most ancient manuscripts cannot answer.

Today, a person can no longer imagine life without a read novel, without a new movie, without a theater premiere, without a fashionable hit and a beloved music group, without art exhibitions... In art, a person finds new knowledge, answers to vital questions, peace from the everyday bustle, and pleasure. A real work of art is always in tune with the thoughts of readers, viewers, and listeners. A novel can tell about a distant historical era, about people who seem to have a completely different way and style of life, but the feelings with which people at all times were imbued are understandable to the current reader, consonant with him, if the novel was written by a real master. Let Romeo and Juliet live in Verona in ancient times. It is not the time or place of action that determines my perception great love and true friendship, described by the brilliant Shakespeare.

Russia has not become a distant province of art. Even at the dawn of its emergence, it loudly and boldly declared its right to stand next to the greatest creators of Europe: “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” icons and paintings of Andrei Rublev and Theophan the Greek, the cathedrals of Vladimir, Kiev and Moscow. We are not only proud of the amazing proportions of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl and the Moscow Intercession Cathedral, better known as St. Basil's Cathedral, but also sacredly honor the names of the creators.

It is not only ancient creations that attract our attention. We constantly encounter works of art in Everyday life. Visiting museums and exhibition halls, we want to join that wonderful world, which is accessible at first only to geniuses, and then to others, we learn to understand, see, and absorb the beauty that has already become a part of our ordinary life.

Pictures, music, theater, books, films give a person incomparable joy and satisfaction, make him sympathize. Eliminate all this from your life civilized man, and he will turn, if not into an animal, then into a robot or zombie. The riches of art are inexhaustible. It is impossible to visit all the museums in the world, you cannot listen to all the symphonies, sonatas, operas, you cannot review all the masterpieces of architecture, you cannot re-read all the novels, poems, poems. And there's no point. Know-it-alls actually turn out to be superficial people. From all the diversity, a person chooses for his soul what is closest to him, what gives the basis to his mind and feelings.

III. Conclusion.

Art plays vital role in our lives, helping future generations to grow morally. Each generation makes its contribution to the development of humanity, culturally enriching it. Without art, we would hardly be able to look at the world from different points of view, differently, look beyond the ordinary, feel a little more keenly. Art, like a person, has many small veins, blood vessels, and organs.

Passions, aspirations, dreams, images, fears - everything that every person lives by - acquires a special coloring and strength in creativity.

It is impossible for everyone to be creators, but it is within our power to try to penetrate into the essence of the creation of a genius, to come closer to understanding the beautiful. And the more often we become contemplators of paintings, architectural masterpieces, listeners wonderful music, the better for us and those around us.

Art has many faces, is eternal, but, unfortunately, it cannot influence people without their will, mental effort, and a certain work of thought. A person must want to learn to see and understand beauty, then art will have a beneficial effect on him and society as a whole. This will probably happen in the future. In the meantime, talented creators should not forget that their works have the power to influence millions, and this can be beneficial or detrimental.

Art helps us master science and gradually deepen our knowledge. And as mentioned above, it is the most important part human development:

Forms a person’s ability to perceive, feel, correctly understand and appreciate the beauty in the surrounding reality and art,

Forms skills in using the means of art to understand people’s lives and nature itself;

Develops a deep understanding of the beauty of nature and the surrounding world. the ability to take care of this beauty;

Arms people with knowledge, and also instills skills in the field available types arts - music, painting, theater, artistic word, architecture;

Develops creativity, skills and abilities to feel and create beauty in the surrounding life, at home, in everyday life;

Develops an understanding of beauty in human relationships, the desire and ability to bring beauty into everyday life.

So, art influences our life from all sides, makes it diverse and bright, lively and interesting, rich, helping a person understand his purpose in this world better and better. Our earthly world made of perfection and imperfection. And it depends only on the person himself how he will make his future, what he will read, what he will listen to, how to speak.

« The best remedy for the education of feelings in general, for awakening feelings of beauty, for the development of creative imagination, art itself is,” pointed out the scientist-psychologist N.E. Rumyantseva.

Literature

Gnedich P.P. History of Art, 2002

Kagan M. S. Morphology of art. - L.: Art, 1972. - 440 s.

Nezhnov G.G. Art in our lives. - M., “Knowledge”, 1975

Pospelov G.N. Art and aesthetics. - M.: Art, 1984.

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The cultural-historical, political, socio-psychological situation in which our conference is taking place today is characterized by extreme severity and uncertainty, putting in the first place not so much the problem of what we have done, but demanding an answer to the eternal question - what to do? A question that has become global, but in this case we are interested in artistic and cultural reality.
Huge technical, technological, production, cultural achievements, on the one hand, and at the same time a global crisis - economic, social, demographic, which has covered all spheres of life of the human community, including Russian society, objectively record a truly new historical state of development, which some scientists associate with milestone changes of a stage-by-stage nature.

The most important consequence and at the same time an indicator of this are the fundamentally new opportunities, positions, and abilities of a person who finds himself today in a qualitatively new world. Naturally, the old system cannot work in the new conditions. art education. And not because it is bad, but because it does not correspond to the realities of our time. Objectively, a strict need arose to build a qualitatively different system, where fundamentally new goals, tasks, and problems are set that have not previously had to be solved.
Thanks to the gigantic flow of information due to the intensive development of the media, migration processes, developed tourism, new forms of communication have emerged, and general cultural barriers between different peoples, countries, which ensures an increasingly active openness of the world to man and man to the whole world. Humanity has gone beyond its usual environment into a fundamentally new dimension, a new space of life. An important role in it today belongs to the Internet, leading to the expansion of contacts, changes in the perception of the world, and the combination of real and virtual spaces.
All-pervasive information, including artistic and educational information, influencing the consciousness and thinking of people, changing their needs, values, opportunities, the social space of existence and functioning, a multifaceted system of relationships, objectively shapes the modern natural and cultural environment, sometimes referred to as “information civilization".
Moreover, different “distances” of action on a person from different “layers” and spheres of this environment are formed - distant, near, different in capacity, saturation, content. “The environment - as emphasized by the genius of Russian psychology L.S. Vygotsky, - acts in development... in the sense of the development of personality and its specific human properties, not as a setting, but plays the role of a “source of development.”
And this source has almost completely changed today. It has acquired new, including alarming, characteristics for us. The man himself has also changed, acquiring new ones, both positive and negative traits. Among the latter, the actualization of consumerism, the growth of indifference to basic values, and the increase in interethnic and social tension are noted.
The task of ensuring the progressive development of man in the difficult conditions of the functioning of modern society actualizes the role and importance of not only science, but also ART, which is not only an important and real force in the formation of an artistic and imaginative world order, but is becoming increasingly effective as a “social force”, for new images, like scientific discoveries suggest the undermining and destruction of old canons, breaking the usual framework. Hence, it is ART, in close interaction with science, that is capable and called upon to regulate human activity in general in search of a way out of the objectively created global information crisis, in search of ways for the active and productive development of society, acting to a large extent as a guarantor of the preservation of humanity.
Today, it is characteristic to take into account the value factors of human attitudes, the reality of the creative component of people’s activities, ensuring self-development, “self-construction” of the subjects of this activity based on the real circumstances of a rapidly changing world. It is these sciences and art that can and should create and offer meanings, images, images, ideals that are so necessary for humanity, an individual nation and every person. Understanding the significance of the humanitarian layer of knowledge has long been inherent in people.
Today, teachers, artists and scientists are studying the specifics of teaching (goals, functions, principles, didactic cycle, forms and methods) in the context of an information educational environment.
Shifts and changes in the value system underlying the construction of the content are identified and justified. primary education as a means of introducing students to cultural and artistic experience humanity.
A federal project has been created state standard general education, where a significant role is given to the educational field “ART”, its materials have been prepared methodological support. Procedures for diagnosing students' educational achievements have been developed.
The structure of the standard for the educational and material base of general secondary education has been determined.
Conducted necessary work on the study and synthesis of domestic and foreign teaching experience, which made it possible to identify some trends in the development of educational content and begin research on its design for the next generation of standards.
The features of the diagnostic tools of international comparative studies, which are advisable to take into account when creating an all-Russian system for assessing the quality of education.
A comparative analysis of international documents in the field of education allowed us to consider different approaches to the interpretation of fundamental concepts - educational program, educational level, etc. And the study of strategies for the development of secondary education in different countries revealed the widespread dominance of an orientation towards social justice, which implies equality of opportunity for all citizens.
The development of theoretical and methodological foundations for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of pedagogical products operating on the basis of information and communication technologies is underway. A technology is being created to prevent possible negative social consequences of using ICT in education.
A methodological system for complex, multi-level and multi-disciplinary training of specialists in the field of informatization of education is being developed.
Conceptual models are being created that integrate electronic technologies into auditory and visual art education. In particular, a model of productive artistic activity is being developed based on computer technology, intensifying the various stages of creating works of art. Specially developed technologies of musical and art education on the basis of electronic digital tools, ensuring the creative and general cultural development of a growing person.
In the research conducted by scientists and artist-teachers: the features of the development of thinking of growing people by means of information technologies, including a search for opportunities to overcome clip thinking, when adolescents and young adults have a reduced ability to analyze, which reduces creativity; the character, structure, content, and dynamics of the relationships in which a growing person functions are determined; new types and forms of activity are identified that allow a child or adolescent to realize and self-evaluate himself, gain confidence in his own importance, adequately relating to the assessments of others; scientific foundations for the formation of new generation textbooks are being developed, including the so-called “ electronic textbooks"; requirements are established for the formation of a system for identifying, supporting and developing gifted children; models of prevention and correction of deviant behavior by means of art in adolescence and youth in the conditions of educational institutions and leisure activities.
The sociocultural problems caused by the introduction of information and computer technologies in the field of education are explored. In particular, it was revealed that such a type of leisure as “watching TV”, which previously occupied the top lines of the rating in the structure of free time of schoolchildren, is now only in sixth place, giving way to “communication with a computer”, which provides access to the Internet. It is the Internet that has become the “teacher” and “educator” of modern children.
By creating worldwide communication networks, man has finally turned himself into a part of something larger than himself. Having received a new information dimension, humanity has acquired powerful potential for its further development. This potential contains both negative and very positive preferences. And as always, at the crossroads of development, we have to experience a Renaissance. Revival through art and culture, through love for nature and spiritual aspects. Thus, the dualism of individual consciousness does not make it possible to harmonize the real and the unreal and forms a clump of insoluble contradictions: realists do not perceive the unreal world of computer images, and young users cannot “exit” the virtual world.
Social, individual and other types of consciousness today must be filled with visual consciousness. Moreover, this consciousness should not only delight the individual with exquisite technological images of the invented world, but also open amazing secrets beauty of the real world. It is not the computer, but the person himself who must learn to control his consciousness. But what it should be is the question high culture and education.
All over the world they are already beginning to understand this. But very timidly. Educational disciplines in the field of art play a role in Russian schools minor role. Although very serious documents have been adopted at the international and internal laws and agreements. " Road map art education and aesthetic education", Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the support of art education", etc.
Speaking about “mental” evolution as a form of information revolution, one cannot help but recall the great ancient Greek Sophocles, who exclaimed “Every form is essential and every essence is formed.” Balance and harmony are the properties of development.
All these are thoughts of today, but what will happen tomorrow?
In this regard, it makes sense to outline the most important stages in the evolution of education and art in the global world, which are as follows:
1) In the formation of a new collective consciousness in the global educational space, a consciousness capable of changing the adequacy and effectiveness of humanity and significantly expanding the boundaries of its direct interaction with the outside world.
2) In the integration of the evolution of consciousness from individual individuals to their collectives, including not only individual educational and cultural organizations, but also entire societies.
3) Qualitatively increase the importance of culture and art, including (and first of all) national, as fundamental basis emerging new productive forces organically connected with the social global world order.
4) Formation of a fundamental change in the very mechanism of perception of the world not only by an individual, but also by society as a whole, since this perception is formed by global means mass media using information technology. The latter fully take into account that “the picture is stronger than the word”
5) Creation of conceptual foundations for the development of the psychology of art and methodological principles of high morality, humanistic values, spirituality and aesthetic significance.
6) Disclosure of the features of the ethnocultural social space in which a growing person actually functions, conducting an artistic and aesthetic analysis of everyday life, considering environmental characteristics REAL world, most actively affecting child development.
7) Consideration and recording of progress in the stage-by-stage development of the abilities and needs of a growing individual in the conditions of immersion in a multi-polar art education system.
8). Creation of a multidimensional methodology for psychodiagnostic measurement and assessment of the intellectual and personal development of children different ages in conditions of artistic and creative activity and assessing the impact of computers and technology on the children's body.
9) Construction of a holistic, real picture of the world through the means of art in the personal development of the individual; preparing him for life in a rapidly changing environment; development of critical, rational consciousness and self-awareness, ensuring stress resistance and critical thinking.
10) Updating the development of new artistic and aesthetic concepts as a basis new theory humanistic education, based on clear ideological positions and scientific achievements(as, for example, in the field of intuition and irrational thinking, the role of the unconscious and subconscious, imaginative thinking and virtual reality and etc.)
11) Identification of the relationship between information and purposefully generated knowledge, the transition of information into knowledge, organization information space within the framework of artistic, aesthetic and ethnocultural educational process. Formation of a common information culture.
12) Preservation of ethnocultural potential in the system of artistic and aesthetic education and upbringing of younger generations.
13) Revealing, with the help of artistic and educational technologies, the intellectual, spiritual and moral development of a child experiencing enormous pressure to computerize. Understand and explain a new level of human existence and development.
14) Output special programs, in which the problems of contemporary art, pedagogy, psychology and private methods intersect.
15) Development of the value-semantic sphere of the individual, capable of self-control, self-realization and self-improvement, responsible, ready for continuous education, able to make independent decisions, motivated to intellectual behavior, resistant to frustration, a cultural person - a subject of society.
16) Preparation of a creatively thinking teacher who knows how to make extraordinary decisions, a personally significant teacher who stimulates a growing person’s desire (need) to create according to the laws of the REAL world.
17) Systematic organization of humanistic education of gifted children.
18) Determination of the conditions, principles and methods of integrating special culture and art into a general education school for children with disabilities and children with special needs.
19) Solving the problem of adaptation of migrant children through art, including overcoming existing ethnocultural stereotypes.
20). Organization and holding of school Olympiads.
21). Holding exhibitions and seminars.
22).Organization of interuniversity and international plein airs and exchange of creative groups of students and teachers.
23). Organization and holding of scientific and practical conferences.
24). Creation of an information and coordination center for ensuring the country's chemical resources on the basis of the educational complex at Moscow State Pedagogical University educational and methodological literature. Compile a unified catalog of scientific publications.
25). Organization and holding of the Congress of Teachers of the educational field “Art” once every three years.
These and many other problems require a new level and depth of all scientific and creative work in the system of training artist-teachers, as well as clear coordination of all types of research activities. In different universities, scientific and pedagogical groups, creative groups This or that problem can be considered from different positions, but its solution must always be objective and meaningful in its goal setting.

Literature:
1. Vanslov V.V. Visual arts and music. –M.: “Artist of the RSFSR”, 1983
2. Kuzin V.S. Psychology of painting. –M.: “Academy”, 2006
3. Lomov S.P. Didactics of art education. - M.: Pedagogical Academy", 2010
4. Rostovtsev N.N. ABOUT pedagogical activity and teaching methods. - Omsk, 2002
5. Feldshtein D.I. Psychology of human development as an individual. In 2 volumes, M-V, 2005

Art- this is a creative understanding of the world around us talented person. The fruits of this understanding belong not only to its creators, but to all humanity living on planet Earth.

Beautiful creations are immortal ancient Greek sculptors and architects, Florentine mosaic masters, Raphael and Michelangelo... Dante, Petrarch, Mozart, Bach, Tchaikovsky. It takes your breath away when you try to grasp with your mind everything created by geniuses, preserved and continued by their descendants and followers.

TYPES OF ARTS

Depending on the material means with which they are constructed works of art, three groups of types of arts objectively arise: 1) spatial, or plastic (painting, sculpture, graphics, art photography, architecture, arts and crafts and design), i.e. those that deploy their images in space; 2) temporary (verbal and musical), i.e. those where images are built in time, and not in real space; 3) spatiotemporal (dance; acting art and all based on it; synthetic - theater, cinema, television, variety and circus, etc.), i.e. those whose images have both extension and duration, physicality and dynamism. Each type of art is directly characterized by the method of material existence of its works and the type of figurative signs used. Within these limits, all its types have varieties, determined by the characteristics of a particular material and the resulting originality of the artistic language.

Yes, varieties verbal art are oral creativity and written literature; types of music - vocal and different types instrumental music; varieties performing arts- dramatic, musical, puppet, shadow theatre, as well as stage and circus; varieties of dance - everyday dance, classical, acrobatic, gymnastic, ice dance, etc.

On the other hand, each type of art has generic and genre divisions. The criteria for these divisions are defined differently, but the very presence of such types of literature as epic, lyric poetry, drama, such types of fine art as easel, monumental-decorative, miniature, such genres of painting as portrait, landscape, still life is obvious...

Thus, art, taken as a whole, is a historically established system of various specific methods of artistic exploration of the world,

each of which has features that are common to all and individually unique.

THE ROLE OF ART IN PEOPLE'S LIFE