Mikhail Prishvin biography interesting facts. Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich

And, like the unsurpassed Aivazovsky in writing seascapes, he is unique in his own way literary skill V artistic description nature. Schoolchildren have been studying his work since the third grade and know who Prishvin is. A biography for children can be quite interesting, because he traveled a lot and saw many different amazing phenomena in nature. He wrote all this down in his diaries, so that he could later draw original material from there to create his next story or novella. Hence such liveliness and naturalness of the images he describes. It’s not for nothing that Prishvin was called a singer

Prishvin. Biography for children

Was born future writer Mikhail Prishvin in 1873 in a merchant family in the village of Khrushchevo, Yelets district, Oryol province. His father died when he was 7 years old, and together with Misha, his mother was left with six more children. First the boy graduated rural school, then studied at the Yeletsk gymnasium, but he was expelled from there for disobedience to the teacher.

Then he went to Tyumen to visit his uncle Ignatov, who at that time was a major industrialist in harsh Siberian places. There, young Prishvin graduated from the Tyumen Real School. In 1893 he entered the Riga Polytechnic in the chemical and agricultural department. Since 1896, young Prishvin begins to get involved in political circles, in particular Marxist ones, for which he was arrested in 1897 and sent to exile in hometown Dace.

The path to literature

In 1900, Mikhail Prishvin went to study in Germany at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Agronomic Department. After a while he returns to Russia and works as an agronomist in Tula province and then in the Moscow province of the city of Luga in the laboratory of Professor D. Pryanishnikov, then at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy. And then he becomes the secretary of a major St. Petersburg official, whom he helps compile agricultural literature. And just before the revolution, he became a correspondent for such domestic publications as “Russian Vedomosti”, “Morning of Russia”, “Rech”, “Den”.

During the First World War, Prishvin was taken to the front as an orderly and a war correspondent. After the revolution of 1917, he combined the work of a teacher at the Yeletsk gymnasium (it was from which he was once expelled) and carried out local history work as an agronomist. Prishvin even becomes involved in organizing a museum of estate life in the city of Dorogobuzh, on the former estate of Baryshnikov.

Prishvin's work (briefly)

Mikhail Prishvin begins his literary activity in 1906 from the story “Sashok”. Then he goes on a trip to the Russian North (Karelia) and at the same time becomes seriously interested in local folklore and ethnography. And in 1907 it appeared under the title “In the Land unafraid birds" It was travel notes compiled by the writer from his numerous observations of nature and wild life northern peoples. This book brought him great fame. The writer was awarded a medal of the Imperial Geographical Society and even became its honorary member. This is how Prishvin’s creativity began to bear fruit. It’s no longer so easy to write about it briefly.

Literary talent

His magnificent, masterful stories always harmoniously combined scientific inquisitiveness, poetry of nature and even natural philosophy. The list of Prishvin’s works expanded throughout his life magnificent works, such as “For with a magic kolobok"(1908), "Black Arab" (1910), etc. The writer Prishvin occupied a special niche in literature and was among the circle of famous St. Petersburg writers such as A. Blok, A. Remizov, D. Merezhkovsky. From 1912 to 1914, the first collected works of M. M. Prishvin appeared in three volumes. Maxim Gorky himself contributed to the publication of his books.

The list of Prishvin’s works continues to grow; in 1920-1930 his books “Shoes”, “Springs of Berendey”, the story “Ginseng” and many other wonderful works were published. The most interesting thing is that deep penetration into the life of nature made myths and fairy tales, as it were, a self-evident branch in the writer’s work. Prishvin's fairy tales are unusually lyrical and beautiful. They color the artistic palette of his rich literary heritage. Prishvin's children's stories and fairy tales carry timeless wisdom, turning some images into multi-valued symbols.

Children's stories and fairy tales

M.M. travels a lot and constantly works on his books. Prishvin. His biography is more reminiscent of the life of some biologist and natural geographer. But it was precisely in such interesting and fascinating research that his beautiful stories, many of which were not even invented, but simply masterfully described. And only Prishvin could do it this way. The biography for children is interesting precisely because he devotes many of his stories and fairy tales to the young reader, who, during the period of his mental development, will be able to learn some useful experience from a book he reads.

Mikhail Mikhailovich has an amazing worldview. His extraordinary literary vigilance helps him in his work. He collects many children's stories in his books “The Chipmunk Beast” and “Fox Bread” (1939). In 1945, “The Pantry of the Sun” appeared - a fairy tale about children who, because of their quarrels and grievances, fell into the clutches of terrible mshars (swamps), who were saved by a hunting dog.

Diaries

Why was the writer M.M. such a success? Prishvin? His biography indicates that his best assistant was the diary he kept throughout his life. Every day he wrote down everything that at that moment worried and inspired the writer, all his thoughts about the time, about the country and about society.

At first, he shared the idea of ​​revolution and perceived it as a spiritual and moral cleansing. But over time, he realizes the disastrousness of this path, since Mikhail Mikhailovich saw how Bolshevism was not far from fascism, that every person of the newly formed totalitarian state the threat of arbitrariness and violence loomed.

Prishvin, like many other Soviet writers, had to make compromises that humiliated and depressed his morale. There is even an interesting entry in his diary, where he admits: “I buried my personal intellectual and became who I am now.”

Discussions about culture as the salvation of all humanity

Then he discussed in his diary that decent life can be supported only when it is provided by culture, which meant trust in another person. In his opinion, among cultural society It is possible for an adult to live like a child. He also argues that kindred sympathy and understanding are not just ethnic foundations, but great benefits that are bestowed on man.

On January 3, 1920, the writer Prishvin describes his feelings of hunger and poverty to which the power of the Soviets brought him. Of course, you can live in spirit if you yourself are the voluntary initiator of this, but it’s another matter when you are made unhappy against your will.

Singer of Russian nature

Since 1935, the writer Prishvin has been traveling around the Russian North again. Biography for children can be very educational. She introduces them to incredible journeys, as she made them brilliant writer and on ships, and on horses, and on boats, and on foot. During this time he observes and writes a lot. After such a journey the light saw him A new book"Berendeev's Thicket".

During the Great Domestic writer was evacuated to the Yaroslavl region. In 1943, he returned to Moscow and wrote the stories “Forest Drop” and “Phacelia”. In 1946, he bought himself a small mansion in Dunino, Moscow Region, where he lived mainly in the summer.

In the middle of winter 1954, Mikhail Prishvin dies of stomach cancer. He is buried in Moscow at the Vvedensky cemetery.

Name: Mikhail Prishvin

Age: 80 years old

Activity: writer

Family status: was married

Mikhail Prishvin: biography

“Singer of Russian nature” - that’s what he called a fellow writer. Maxim Gorky admired Prishvin for his talent for giving “physical perceptibility to everything” through simple words. Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin himself, being carried away by photography, jokingly called himself an “artist of light” and said that he even thought “photographically.”

Childhood and youth

The writer was born on an estate bought by his grandfather, an Yelets merchant, in the Oryol province. Here, in Khrushchevo-Levshino, the childhood years of Mikhail Mikhailovich, the youngest of the five children of Maria Ignatova and Mikhail Prishvin, passed. The prose writer inherited fortitude and perseverance from his mother, and his love of nature from his father, who lost the family estate at cards.

The head of the family was a skilled horseman who won prizes at horse races, was fond of Oryol trotters, loved hunting and looked after the garden he grew. He knew a lot about trees and flowers. The father, stricken by paralysis, left his son a vivid memory: with his healthy hand he sketched a drawing of “blue beavers” - a symbol unfulfilled dream. After the death of her husband, Maria Ivanovna herself raised five children. The remortgaged estate and debts did not prevent the woman from giving her four sons and daughter an education.

In 1883, 10-year-old Mikhail Prishvin was transferred from a village elementary school to a gymnasium in Yeletsk. But the younger Misha, unlike his older brothers, was not distinguished by his diligence - in 6 years he reached the 4th grade. Due to poor performance, he was left a repeat student for the third time, but the boy managed to be insolent to the teacher, for which he was expelled.

Interest in studying with Prishvin awoke in Tyumen, where Misha was sent to his uncle, the merchant Ivan Ignatov. In 1893, 20-year-old Mikhail Prishvin graduated from the Alexander Real School. A childless uncle, his mother's brother, hoped to transfer the business to his nephew, but he had other goals - the future writer entered a polytechnic university in Riga. There he became interested in Marxist teachings and joined a circle, for which he last year came under investigation.

In 1898, Mikhail Prishvin was released after a year's imprisonment in Mitavsky prison. He went to Leipzig, where he completed two courses at the Faculty of Agronomy at the university, receiving the specialty of land surveyor. Prishvin returned to Russia and worked as an agronomist until 1905, he wrote science books and articles.

Literature

While working on books, Mikhail Prishvin realized that the framework scientific work it's too tight for him. Confidence increased in 1907, when the first story “Sashok” was published. Prishvin leaves science and writes newspaper articles. Journalism and a passion for ethnography invited the writer on a six-month trip to the North. Mikhail Mikhailovich examined Pomorie and the Vygovsky region, where he collected and processed 38 folk tales included in the collection “Northern Tales”.

In three months, Mikhail Prishvin visited the White Sea coast, the Kola Peninsula, the Solovetsky Islands and returned to Arkhangelsk. From there, he set off on a ship to travel across the Arctic Ocean, visited Norway and, having circled Scandinavia, returned to St. Petersburg. IN northern capital literary biography Prishvin is developing rapidly: based on the impressions he received, he wrote essays, combined into a collection called “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds,” for which the Russian Geographical Society awarded the writer a silver medal.

After the first book, a second appeared in 1908 - travel essays about the life and everyday life of the inhabitants of the North “Behind the Magic Kolobok”. Mikhail Prishvin gained weight in the circle of writers, became friends with Alexei Remizov, and... In the same eventful 1908, after traveling around the Volga region and Kazakhstan, Mikhail Mikhailovich published a collection of essays “At the Walls of the Invisible City.” In 1912, Gorky contributed to the publication of the first collection of works by Mikhail Prishvin.

The first one that burst out World War distracted the writer from writing travel stories and fairy tales. War correspondent Prishvin published essays about events at the front. Mikhail Prishvin did not immediately accept the Bolshevik revolution. Adhering to the views of the Socialist Revolutionaries, he published ideological articles, polemicized with those who spoke on the side of the new government, and was in prison. But after October, the writer came to terms with the victory of the Soviets.

In the 1920s, Mikhail Prishvin taught in the Smolensk region. A passionate local historian and hunter, moving from Smolensk to Yelets, and from there to the Moscow region, he wrote dozens of stories and fairy tales for children, collected in the collection “Nature Calendar”. Observations of nature and animals formed the basis for the stories “Fox Bread” and “Hedgehog”. Written in simple language stories about the habits of animals are designed to awaken in young readers a love for flora and fauna. In “Foxkin Bread,” Mikhail Prishvin told the children why cabbage is called hare cabbage and bread is called chanterelle bread. “The Hedgehog” tells the story of the friendship between a hedgehog and a human.

« birch bark tube", "Bear" and "Double Trace" debunk myths about animals. In the story “Guys and Ducklings,” Mikhail Mikhailovich told about the experiences of a wild duck about his babies being caught by children. And in “The Golden Meadow” and “Life on a Strap” Prishvin talked about nature so that young readers would understand that it is alive.

Mikhail Prishvin wrote for both children and adults in the 1920s and 30s. During these years, he worked on the autobiographical essay “Kashcheev’s Chain”. The writer began the novel in the 1920s and worked on it until last days life. In the 1930s, the writer bought a van, which he gave the name “Mashenka”. Prishvin traveled all over the country by car. Later the van was replaced by a Moskvich.

During these years, Mikhail Mikhailovich visited the Far Eastern region. The result of the journey was the book “Dear Animals” and the story “Ginseng”. Prishvin composed the story “Undressed Spring” under the impressions of a trip to the outskirts of Kostroma and Yaroslavl. In the mid-1930s, after a trip to the Russian North, Mikhail Prishvin composed a book of stories “Berendey's Thicket” and began writing the fairy tale “The Ship Thicket”.

During World War II, the 70-year-old writer was evacuated to the Yaroslavl region. His love for flora and fauna found application there too: Prishvin protected the forest around the village where he lived from destruction by peat developers. In the penultimate year of the war, Mikhail Prishvin came to the capital and published the story “Forest Drops.” In 1945 it appeared epic tale"Pantry of the sun."

The story “My Homeland” - shining example touching love To native land. It is written in simple words, without unnecessary pathos. There is no clear plot, more emotions. But, reading the story, you feel the aroma of tea with milk, hear the mother’s voice, the noise of the forest and birds.

After the war, Mikhail Prishvin bought a house in the village of Dunino near Moscow, in which he lived every summer until 1953. Since the 1920s, his passion for photography has developed into a lifelong endeavor comparable in importance to writing about nature and animals. IN village house Prishvin found a place for a darkroom. It was preserved in Dunino, where after the death of the prose writer a museum appeared.

Mikhail Prishvin photographed nature from all angles, illustrating his books with photographs. "Leika" was true friend writer until the last years of his life. Biographers and critics call the main work of the writer “Diaries.” The first entries are dated 1905, the latest - 1954. The volume of “Diaries” exceeds the 8-volume collection of the writer’s works. Reading the notes, Mikhail Mikhailovich’s views on life, society and the role of a writer become clear. The Diaries were published in the 1980s. Previously, for censorship reasons, they were not allowed to be published.

Films have been made based on two of Prishvin’s works. The painting “The Hut of Old Louvain” was published in the mid-1930s, but has not survived to this day. And the adventure drama “Wind of Wandering” - an adaptation of the fairy tales “The Thicket of the Ship” and “The Pantry of the Sun” - viewers saw on the screen in 1978, after the death of Mikhail Prishvin.

Personal life

The writer's first wife was a peasant woman from the Smolensk village, Efrosinya Badykina. For Efrosinya Pavlovna this was the second marriage. In the first union, the woman had a son, Yakov (died at the front). In the Diaries, Prishvin calls his first wife Frosya, less often Pavlovna. In union with this woman, the writer had three sons.

The first-born Sergei died in infancy. Second son - Lev Prishvin, a fiction writer who wrote under creative pseudonym Lev Alpatov died in 1957. The third son, game manager Pyotr Prishvin, died in 1987. He, like Leo, adopted the gift of a writer from his father. In 2009, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Pyotr Mikhailovich, the memoirs he wrote were published.

In 1940, at the age of 67, Mikhail Prishvin left his family and married Valeria Liorko, who was 26 years younger than him. They lived together for 14 years. The writer's widow wrote about famous husband memoirs, preserved the archives and until 1979 - the year of her death - directed the writer's museum.

Death

At the age of 80, doctors diagnosed the writer with an oncological disease - stomach cancer. Prishvin died six months later, in mid-January 1954, in the capital. At the time of his death he was 81 years old.

Mikhail Mikhailovich was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery. A mountain peak and lake in the Caucasus Nature Reserve, a cape in the Kuril Islands and an asteroid discovered in 1982 were named after him.

Bibliography

• 1907 – “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds”
• 1908 – “Behind the Magic Kolobok”
• 1908 – “At the walls of the invisible city”
• 1933 – “Ginseng”
• 1935 – “Calendar of Nature”
• 1936 – “Berendeev’s Thicket”
• 1945 – “Pantry of the Sun”
• 1954 – “Ship Thicket”
• 1960 – “Kashcheeva Chain”

Soviet literature

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin

Biography

Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich (1873 - 1954), prose writer.

Born on January 23 (February 4, n.s.) on the Khrushchev estate, Yelets district, Oryol province, into a merchant family whose fortune was squandered by his father, who left the family without a livelihood. It took a lot of effort and labor of the mother of the future writer to give her children an education.

In 1883 he entered the Yeletsk gymnasium, from the 4th grade of which he was expelled “for insolence to the teacher,” and completed his studies at the Tyumen real school.

In 1893 he entered the Riga Polytechnic Institute, where he became interested in the ideas of Marxism. For participation in Marxist circles, he was arrested in 1897, spent a year in Mitau prison and was sent into two-year exile in Yelets.

In 1900 - 02 he studied at the agronomy department of the University of Leipzig, after which he worked in Luga as a zemstvo agronomist and published several articles and books on his specialty.

Prishvin's first story, “Sashok,” was published in the magazine “Rodnik” in 1906. Leaving his profession, he became a correspondent for various newspapers. A passion for ethnography and folklore leads to the decision to travel around the north (Olonets, Karelia, Norway), gets acquainted with the life and speech of the northerners, writes down tales, conveying them in a unique form of travel sketches (the books “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds”, 1907; “Behind the Magic Bun” ", 1908). Becomes famous in literary circles, becomes close to A. Remizov and D. Merezhkovsky, as well as M. Gorky and A. Tolstoy.

In 1908, the result of a trip to the Volga region was the book “At the Walls of the Invisible City.” The essays “Adam and Eve” and “Black Arab” were “written after a trip to Crimea and Kazakhstan. Gorky contributed to the appearance of the first collected works of Prishvin in 1912.

During the First World War he was a war correspondent, publishing his essays in various newspapers.

After October revolution For some time he taught in the Smolensk region. His passion for hunting and local history (he lived in Yelets, the Smolensk region, and the Moscow region) was reflected in a series of hunting and children’s stories written in the 1920s, which were later included in the book “Calendar of Nature” (1935), which glorified him as a narrator about the life of nature, singer of central Russia. During these same years, he wrote the autobiographical novel “Kashcheev’s Chain,” which he began in 1923, on which he worked until his last days.

In the early 1930s he visited the Far East, as a result of which the book “Dear Animals” appeared, which served as the basis for the story “Ginshen” (“Root of Life”, 1930). He wrote about his journey through the Kostroma and Yaroslavl lands in the story “Undressed Spring”. In the years Patriotic War the writer creates “Stories about Leningrad Children” (1943), “The Tale of Our Time” (1945), and the fairy tale “The Pantry of the Sun”. In the last years of his life, he devoted a lot of energy and time to diaries (the book “Eyes of the Earth”, 1957).

Prishvin M.M. born on January 21, 1873 in the Khrushchev-Levshinsky family estate, once purchased by his grandfather Dmitry Ivanovich.

Since 1882, Mikhail Mikhailovich has been studying in the village in primary school, and in 1883 he was transferred to a gymnasium in Yeletsk, and he completed his studies at the Alexander School in Tyumen in 1893.

Then Prishvin continued to receive his education at the Riga Technical School, the conflict in which forced the writer to move abroad.

In 1900, he studied at the University of Leipzig and received a diploma as a land surveyor. When Mikhail Mikhailovich returned to his homeland, working as an agronomist, he wrote several works on agronomic topics.

Prishvin loved to travel and learn about different ways of life of peoples, which naturally influenced his work. Mikhail Mikhailovich quickly becomes famous among writers. During the war, Prishvin M.M. carried out his activities as a war correspondent, publishing some of his essays in newspapers.

After the October Revolution, Prishvin worked for some time as a teacher in the Smolensk region.

In 1946, Prishvin bought a house in the Zvenigorod district of the Moscow region in the village of Dunino. He loved it there the entire summer season almost until his death.

Most of Mikhail Mikhailovich's works were published during his lifetime. He became successful writer works on the theme of nature, some hunter's stories, children's works and others.

Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich died on January 16, 1954 from stomach cancer and was buried in Moscow at the Vvedensky cemetery.

Russian Soviet writer Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born in the village of Khrushchevo, Yelets district on February 4, 1873 into a merchant family. Despite his origins, Prishvin was not a rich man, since his father lived large and squandered his fortune when Mikhail was just a child. At the age of six, thanks to the efforts of his mother, Mikhail entered the Yelets gymnasium, but after studying there for 4 years, he was expelled for insolence towards the teacher (some sources claim that Prishvin was not only a notorious hooligan, but also a poor student). Thanks to the petition of his uncle, a wealthy steamship owner, Misha went to complete his studies at the Tyumen Real School: he was accepted there “with a wolf ticket” on his uncle’s recommendation. Then, from 1893 to 1897, the future writer became a student at the Riga Polytechnic University, who also did not graduate due to arrest. Prishvin began to actively participate in the Marxist circle, at the next meeting of which he was discovered by the police. Mikhail was greatly influenced by his university friend V.D. Ulrich, who actively promoted Marxism. Prishvin was caught red-handed when he was distributing leaflets and was put behind bars for a year for rebellious thoughts, and after that he was exiled to his native Yelets for another two years. In 1900, young Prishvin decided to give up politics and went to study as an agronomist at the University of Leipzig, after graduating from which, in 1902, he worked in his specialty, and in the evenings he wrote. Creative path The writer and his becoming a “tramp” began in 1906 with his move to St. Petersburg.

The year it started creative activity Mikhail Mikhailovich considers 1906, when his first work “Sashok” was published. But famous name Prishvin became after the publication of his “ Travel notes”, which he publishes after completing his trip to the far north, Karelia and the Volga region. Prishvin becomes a real traveler and local historian. He traveled all over Crimea, Kazakhstan, visited Norway, was in the Far East... The writer took a forced break from his work only with the advent of the First World War. Since 1918, he has been a war correspondent, and since 1919, a rural teacher in Smolensk. Before moving to Moscow and settling in the writers' house (next to Tretyakov Gallery), 15 long years have passed. This happened only in 1937.

Since 1940, Prishvin has published his diary of observations in stories and essays. After the war, the writer goes “closer to nature,” he buys a dacha and works there tirelessly.

The writer died on January 16, 1954. His body was interred at the Moscow Vvedensky cemetery.

Prishvin's main achievements

• In our country, Prishvin is known as the creator of natural philosophy, as a writer who keenly observed what was happening in nature and kept diaries called “Notes of a Hunter.”
• The name of Prishvin is associated with works that so clearly and naturally describe nature, where Mikhail Mikhailovich himself found so much artistic natural philosophy. During his lifetime he was called a “singer of nature”, who was able to transform his diary entries into real art. Among him literary heritage- essays, stories, and, most importantly, stories, those that our parents read to us in our distant childhood. The most significant, according to literary scholars, are: collections of essays “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds” (1907) and “Behind the Magic Kolobok” (1908), phenological notes “Calendar of Nature” (1935), the story “Spring of Light” (1940), the story “Undressed Spring” (1940), the lyrical and philosophical book “Forest Drops” (1940) and a cycle of miniatures with same name, published in 1943, the fairy tale novel “Osudareva Road” (1957) and the autobiographical novel “Kashcheev’s Chain”, published after the writer’s death. Prishvin was also fond of writing articles on agronomy, of which he has more than a hundred in his publication alone.

Important dates in Prishvin’s biography

• In 1897, Prishvin was sentenced to three years in prison for his political beliefs. In prison and exile, the writer decides to completely change his attitude towards power and no longer engage in politics. The last years of the late 19th century can be considered a turning point in the life of young Prishvin.
• Since Mikhail was prohibited from living in major cities, he asks permission to travel abroad and continue his studies. And at the beginning of 1900 he receives it, after which he moves to Germany and “learns to be a useful person for his homeland.” In 1902, the writer returned to Russia and settled in Klin, where he worked as an assistant agronomist: now he brings advanced ideas to agronomy and agriculture.
• Agronomy became his specialization forever. 1904 - Prishvin was offered a job in Moscow, in the laboratory of the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy under the leadership of the famous professor D.M. Pryanishnikova. In 1905, Prishvin published his first article, “Potatoes in garden and field crops.” He begins to write after the first positive review of his story “Sashok”, which was published in 1906.
• Prishvin believed that a person’s personal life should work out. He married at the age of 25 a simple peasant woman from the Smolensk region, from whose marriage he had three sons, two of whom also gained fame in literature.
• Since 1906, Prishvin has been working in St. Petersburg, where he publishes his favorites: “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds” and “Kolobok”. It was during this period that the writer began to take notes, which he did not interrupt throughout his life. Their total volume was 25 volumes!
• In September 1917, Prishvin, working for the newspaper “The Will of the People,” prepared his first collection for publication.
• In 1937, the writer moved to Moscow and published his most significant works there until the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
• In September 1941, the writer's family moved with him to the remote village of Usolye near the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky and remained there until the end of the war. In 1943, Mikhail Prishvin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
• From 1946 to 1954, Mikhail Mikhailovich lived at his dacha near Zvenigorod, where the M.M. Prishvin Museum now operates.

• Having left to study in Leipzig, young Prishvin fell in love with an Englishwoman. This was student love, which the poet needed not for marriage, but rather for flying. But the girl had strict manners and refused to reciprocate the future writer. From such bitter disappointment, Prishvin began to write poetry, and then returned to his homeland. But the girl withered away in some bank office. But Prishvin suffers no less, so he agrees to “ unequal marriage", he marries the semi-literate simpleton Efrosinya Pavlovna, in whom he looks for the traits of a lost Englishwoman until old age. Euphrosyne bore him three sons, never interfered in her husband’s affairs and devoted thirty years of her life to him. After her death, he suddenly... married again. This happened in 1950, when the writer was looking for a secretary. A certain Valeria Lebedeva got a job with him, who promised the writer that not a single line from his manuscripts would be lost. He looked at the woman with a gaze and offered her his hand and heart. So Prishvin married for the second time.
• In 1919, Prishvin was almost shot by pure chance: he was confused with a Jew when Mamontov’s Cossacks came to the city.
• In the early 30s, the passion for cars was very fashionable. Mikhail, without fear, got behind the wheel of a car, which he was one of the first to purchase in Moscow. He did not let anyone drive his Moskvich; Mikhail Mikhailovich’s dogs were also accustomed to the car, with whom he went off-road on his four-legged horse into the forest for inspiration.

Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich
Born: January 23 (February 4), 1873.
Died: January 16, 1954 (80 years old).

Biography

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin (1873-1954) - Russian Soviet writer, prose writer, publicist. In his work, he explores the most important issues of human existence, reflecting on the meaning of life, religion, relationships between men and women, and the connection between man and nature.

Mikhail Prishvin was born on January 23 (February 4), 1873 in the Yeletsk district of the Oryol province (now the Yeletsk district of the Lipetsk region), on the family estate Khrushchevo-Levshino, which at one time was bought by his grandfather, the successful Yelets merchant Dmitry Ivanovich Prishvin. The family had five children (Alexander, Nikolai, Sergei, Lydia and Mikhail).

Mother - Maria Ivanovna (1842-1914, nee Ignatova). The father of the future writer, Mikhail Dmitrievich Prishvin, after the family division, received ownership of the Konstandylovo estate and a lot of money. He lived like a lord, drove Oryol trotters, won prizes at horse races, was engaged in gardening and flowers, and was a passionate hunter.

One day, my father lost at cards, so he had to sell the stud farm and mortgage the estate. He did not survive the shock and died, paralyzed. In the novel “Kashcheev’s Chain,” Prishvin tells how his father, with his healthy hand, drew him “blue beavers” - a symbol of a dream that he could not achieve. Nevertheless, the mother of the future writer, Maria Ivanovna, who came from the Old Believer Ignatov family and was left after the death of her husband with five children in her arms and with an estate pledged under a double mortgage, managed to straighten out the situation and give the children a decent education.

In 1882, Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was sent to study at a village elementary school, and in 1883 he was transferred to the first grade of the Yeletsk classical gymnasium. I was not very successful in the gymnasium - in 6 years of study I only reached the fourth grade and in this grade I should have Once again was retained for the second year due to a conflict with the geography teacher V. V. Rozanov- future famous philosopher- was expelled from the gymnasium “for insolence to the teacher.” He had to complete his studies at the Tyumen Alexander Real School (1893), where the future writer moved under the wing of his uncle, merchant I. I. Ignatov. Not giving in to the persuasion of his childless uncle to inherit his business, he went to continue his education at the Riga Polytechnic. For his participation in the activities of a student Marxist circle, he was arrested and imprisoned, and after his release he went abroad.

In 1900-1902 he studied at the agronomic department of the University of Leipzig, after which he received a diploma as a land surveyor. Returning to Russia, he served as an agronomist until 1905, wrote several books and articles on agronomy - “Potatoes in garden and field crops”, etc.

Prishvin's first story "Sashok" was published in 1906. Leaving his profession as an agronomist, he became a correspondent for various newspapers. Passion for ethnography and folklore led to the decision to travel around European North. Prishvin spent several months in the Vygovsky region (the vicinity of Vygozero in Pomorie). Thirty-eight folk tales that he recorded then were included in the collection of ethnographer N. E. Onchukov “Northern Tales”. In May 1907, Prishvin traveled along the Sukhona and Northern Dvina to Arkhangelsk. Then he drove around the shore of the White Sea to Kandalaksha, crossed Kola Peninsula, visited the Solovetsky Islands and returned to Arkhangelsk by sea in July. After this, the writer set off on a fishing boat to travel across the Arctic Ocean and, having visited Kanin’s Nose, came to Murman, where he stopped at one of the fishing camps. Then he left for Norway by boat and, having rounded the Scandinavian Peninsula, returned to St. Petersburg. Based on impressions from a trip to the Olonets province, Prishvin created in 1907 a book of essays “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds (Sketches of the Vygovsky Region)”, for which he was awarded a silver medal of the Russian Geographical Society. While traveling around the Russian North, Prishvin became acquainted with the life and speech of the northerners, wrote down tales, conveying them in a unique form of travel sketches (“Behind the Magic Kolobok”, 1908). He became famous in literary circles, became close to Remizov and Merezhkovsky, as well as M. Gorky and A. N. Tolstoy. He was a full member of the St. Petersburg Religious and Philosophical Society.

In 1908, the result of a trip to the Volga region was the book “At the Walls of the Invisible City.” The essays “Adam and Eve” and “Black Arab” were written after a trip to Crimea and Kazakhstan. Maxim Gorky contributed to the appearance of the first collected works of Prishvin in 1912-1914.

During the First World War he was a war correspondent, publishing his essays in various newspapers.

During revolutionary events and the Civil War, he managed to survive imprisonment, publish a number of articles close in views to the ideology of the Socialist Revolutionaries, enter into polemics with A. Blok regarding the reconciliation of the creative intelligentsia with the Bolsheviks (the latter took the side Soviet power). Ultimately, Prishvin, albeit with great distrust and anxiety, nevertheless accepted the victory of the Soviets: in his opinion, the colossal victims were the result of the monstrous rampant of the lower human evil that the world war unleashed, but the time is coming for young, active people whose cause is just , although it will not win very soon. After the October Revolution, he taught for some time in the Smolensk region. His passion for hunting and local history (he lived in Yelets, the Smolensk region, and the Moscow region) was reflected in a series of hunting and children’s stories written in the 1920s, which were later included in the book “Calendar of Nature” (1935), which glorified him as a narrator about the life of nature, singer of Central Russia. During these same years, he continued to work on the autobiographical novel “Kashcheev’s Chain,” which he began in 1923, on which he worked until his last days.

In the early 1930s, Prishvin visited the Far East, as a result of which the book “Dear Animals” appeared, which served as the basis for the story “Zhen-shen” (“Root of Life”, 1933). The journey through the Kostroma and Yaroslavl lands is written in the story “Undressed Spring”. In 1933, the writer again visited the Vygovsky region, where the White Sea-Baltic Canal was being built. Based on the impressions of this trip, he created the fairy tale novel “Osudareva Road”. In May-June 1935, M. M. Prishvin made another trip to the Russian North with his son Peter. The writer traveled from Moscow to Vologda by train and sailed on steamships along Vologda, Sukhona and Northern Dvina to Upper Toima. From Upper Toima on horseback, M. Prishvin reached the Upper Pinega villages of Kerga and Sogra, then reached the mouth of the Ilesha by rowing boat, and by an aspen boat up the Ilesha and its tributary the Koda. From the upper reaches of Koda, on foot along deep forest Together with the guides, the writer went to look for the “Berendeyev Thicket” - a forest untouched by an ax, and found it. Returning to Ust-Ilesha, Prishvin went down the Pinega to the village of Karpogory, and then reached Arkhangelsk by boat. After this trip, a book of essays “Berendey's Thicket” (“Northern Forest”) and a fairy tale “The Ship Thicket” appeared, on which M. Prishvin worked in the last years of his life. The writer wrote about the fairy-tale forest: “The forest there is a pine tree for three hundred years, tree to tree, you can’t cut down a banner there! And the trees are so straight and so clean! One tree cannot be cut down; it will lean against another and not fall.”

In 1941, Prishvin was evacuated to the village of Usolye Yaroslavl region, where he protested against the deforestation around the village by peat miners. In 1943, the writer returned to Moscow and published in the publishing house " Soviet writer"Stories "Phacelia" and "Forest Drops". In 1945, M. Prishvin wrote the story “The Pantry of the Sun.” In 1946, the writer bought a house in the village of Dunino, Zvenigorod district, Moscow region, where he lived in the summer of 1946-1953.

Almost all of Prishvin’s works published during his lifetime are devoted to descriptions of his own impressions of encounters with nature, these descriptions differ extraordinary beauty language. Konstantin Paustovsky called him “the singer of Russian nature,” Maxim Gorky said that Prishvin had “the perfect ability to give a flexible combination of simple words almost physical perceptibility to everything.”

Prishvin himself considered his main book to be “Diaries,” which he kept for almost half a century (1905-1954) and the volume of which is several times larger than the most complete, 8-volume collection of his works. Published after the abolition of censorship in the 1980s, they allowed us to take a different look at M. M. Prishvin and his work. Constant spiritual work, the writer’s path to inner freedom can be traced in detail and vividly in his diaries, rich in observations (“Eyes of the Earth”, 1957; fully published in the 1990s), where, in particular, a picture of the process of “de-peasantization” of Russia and the Stalinist model is given socialism, far from the far-fetched ideology; the writer’s humanistic desire to affirm the “sanctity of life” as the highest value is expressed.

For more information on this topic, see: Diaries of M. M. Prishvin. The writer died on January 16, 1954 from stomach cancer and was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery in Moscow. Prishvin was very fond of cars. Back in the 30s, when it was very difficult to purchase a personal car, he studied car manufacturing at the Gorky Automobile Plant and purchased a van in which he traveled around the country. He affectionately called him “Mashenka”. And in the last years of his life he owned a Moskvich-401 car, which still stands in his house-museum.

Artist of Light

Prishvin illustrated his first book, “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds,” with his photographs taken in 1907 during a hike in the North using a bulky camera belonging to a fellow traveler. In the 1920s, the writer began to seriously study photography techniques, believing that the use of photographs in the text would help complement the author's verbal image in the author's visual image: “To my imperfect verbal art I will add photographic invention”[~ 1]. His diary contained entries about ordering a Leica pocket camera in Germany in 1929: “not to hunt with it, but to try to introduce photographs into his stories and essays as a visual device, ... the value of photography lies in the accurate transmission of the image of the world. ... I want to take advantage of this feature of the camera and prove my visions of the real world with light painting.”

The writer brought to automaticity all the techniques of instant photography, recorded for memory in the diary:

put on the pince-nez on a cord - extend the lens - set the depth of field and shutter speed (“speed”) - adjust the focus “by moving ring finger» - cock - reset the pince-nez and press the shutter - put on the pince-nez - write down the shooting conditions, etc.

Prishvin wrote that from the moment he got a camera, he began to “think photographically,” called himself an “artist of light,” and became so carried away by hunting with a camera that he could not wait for “the bright morning to come again.” While working on the cycles of “photo recordings” “Cobwebs”, “Drops”, “Buds”, “Spring of Light”, he took photographs close-ups under different lighting conditions and angles, accompanying each photo with comments. Assessing the resulting visual images, Prishvin wrote in his diary on September 26, 1930: “Of course, a real photographer would take better pictures than me, but a real specialist would never even think of looking at what I’m photographing: he’ll never see it.”

The writer did not limit himself to filming outdoors. At risk to himself, in 1930 he made a series of photographs about the destruction of the bells of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

In November 1930, Prishvin entered into an agreement with the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house for the book “Hunting with a Camera,” in which photography was to play main role, and addressed the People's Commissariat of Trade of the USSR with a statement: “In view of the fact that at present it is generally impossible to obtain permission to import a camera from Germany, I draw your attention to the special circumstance of my literary work at the present time and ask you to make an exception for me in obtaining a currency-free license to receive a camera... My photographic work was noticed abroad, and the editors of Die Grüne Post, in whose hunting department I collaborate, are ready to provide me with the most advanced Leica camera with three variable lenses . I need such a device all the more because my device has become completely unusable due to intense work...” Permission was given and on January 1, 1931, Prishvin had the desired camera with numerous accessories.

For more than a quarter of a century, Prishvin never parted with his cameras. The writer’s archive contains more than two thousand negatives. In his memorial office in Dunino there is everything necessary for a home darkroom: a set of lenses, an enlarger, cuvettes for developer and fixer, frames for cropping photographs.

The knowledge and experience of photographic work were reflected in some of the innermost thoughts of the writer, who wrote in his diary: “Our republic is like a photographic dark room, into which not a single ray is allowed from the outside, and everything inside is illuminated by a red flashlight.”

Prishvin did not hope to make most of his photographs public during his lifetime. The negatives were stored in separate envelopes, glued together by the writer himself from tissue paper, in boxes of sweets and cigarettes. After the writer's death, his widow Valeria Dmitrievna hid the negatives and kept them along with the diaries.

Memory

The asteroid (9539) Prishvin, discovered by astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina in the Crimean region, is named in honor of M. M. Prishvin Astrophysical Observatory October 21, 1982. On February 4, 2015, on the writer’s birthday, a monument dedicated to him was unveiled in the Skitskie Prudy park in the city of Sergiev Posad. On September 2, 1981, by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the name of M. M. Prishvin was assigned to the Oryol Regional Children's Library. Family| His first marriage was to a simple Smolensk peasant woman Efrosinya Pavlovna (1883-1953, née Badykina, in her first marriage - Smogaleva). In M.M.’s diaries he often called her Frosya or Pavlovna. In addition to her son from her first marriage, Yakov (died at the front in 1919 in Civil War), they had three more children: son Sergei died as an infant in 1905, Lev Mikhailovich (1906-1957) - a popular fiction writer of his time, writing under the pseudonym Alpatov (the street name of the Prishvins in Yelets), participant literary group“Pass”, and Pyotr Mikhailovich (1909-1987) - game manager, author of memoirs (published on the 100th anniversary of his birth - in 2009).

In 1940 M. M. Prishvin married a second time. His wife was Valeria Dmitrievna Liorko, in his first marriage - Lebedeva (1899-1979), this woman became his muse, colleague, assistant - main love all his life. After the writer’s death, she worked with his archives, wrote several books about him, and headed the Prishvin Museum for many years.

Stories

"Pantry of the Sun"
"Hedgehog"
"Vasya Veselkin"
“My Homeland” (From childhood memories)
"Upstart"
"Chicken on Poles"
"Forest Master"
"Lada"
"Fox Bread"
"Zhurka"
"Golden Meadow"
"Reflection"
"White Necklace"
"Squirrel Memory"
"Salvation Island"
"Owl"
"Guys and Ducklings"
"Inventor"
"Icicle"
"Talking Rook"
"Floors of the Forest"
"Terenty"
"Khromka"
“Meadow” (The story of an old forester)
"Inventor"
"Blue bast shoe"
"Bear"
"Moose"
"Yarik"
"Treacherous Sausage"
"First stand"
"Matchmaker"
"Sip of Milk"
“How I taught my dogs to eat peas”
“How Romka crossed the stream”
"Butterfly Hunt"
"Kado"
"Gadnuts"
"Queen of Spades"
“Our Garden” (The Old Gardener's Story)
"Cat"
"Grandfather's felt boots"