Who is not a hero of Russian folk tales? Prototypes of heroes of Russian folk tales
Fairy tales shape the thinking, fantasy and worldview of many generations. Fairy tales not only entertained us as children, but the actions of the heroes of Russian fairy tales taught us to distinguish between good and evil, to be brave and to act justly.
At the same time, fairy tales reflect different beliefs, views and ideas of the people at different times. During its development, the fairy tale changed significantly, and its functions also changed. If it was initially used for a magical incantatory purpose (to summon good luck in a hunt, to protect oneself from enemies or to ensure victory in battle), then over time, having lost its ritual meaning, the tale acquired an aesthetic, educational or entertaining character.
Fairy-tale characters also remained conventional. They are types, not individuals, which means they are described in general terms, often idealized, exalted, and exaggerated. The main images here are always antagonistic: one embodies the good, the beautiful; the other is evil forces. Hence their characteristics - actions, actions, intentions, language. According to their functions, the heroes of Russian fairy tales are conventionally divided into do-gooders, evil-doers and the disadvantaged.
Most large group fabulous folk epic make up magical, fantastic tales. An explanation of many motives and characteristics of fairy-tale heroes can only be found in comparison with ancient rituals, elements of the socio-religious way of life of the Proto-Slavs and ancient Eurasians. Let's try to analyze some of the most famous characters in Russian fairy tales.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Baba Yaga
Baba Yaga is a character in Slavic mythology and folklore. Usually an ugly old woman, endowed with magical power and magical items. Often a witch, sorceress. More often - negative character(luring children and good fellows into her hut on chicken legs to eat), but sometimes acts as the hero’s assistant. According to folklore specialist Vladimir Propp, three types of Baba Yaga can be distinguished in fairy tales: the giver (gives the main character a fairy-tale horse), the kidnapper of children and the warrior (she fights with the main character “to the death”).
In modern ideas, Baba Yaga is the mistress of the forest and guardian of the borders of the “other world” ( Far Far Away kingdom). That's why she has a bone leg - to stand in the world of the dead. In many fairy tales, Baba Yaga heats the bathhouse and vaporizes the hero, performing the ritual of ablution. Then he feeds him, that is, he performs a funeral feast with him. And you female image Baba Yagas are associated, according to researchers, with matriarchal ideas about the structure of the social world.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Water
IN Slavic mythology- a spirit that lives in water, the owner of water, the embodiment of the element of water as a negative and dangerous principle. He appears before us in the form of an obese old man, goggle-eyed, with a fish tail. He has a huge beard and mustache, sometimes fish-like features, webbed paws and a horn on his head. Lives in whirlpools and whirlpools, but especially loves water mills. Therefore, the millers cajoled them in every possible way, and also buried a live black rooster or other security attributes under the log where the door to the mill would be. Vodyanoy is often associated with the king of the sea.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Firebird
A fairytale bird is usually the target of a search for a fairy tale hero. The feathers of the firebird glow and amaze with beauty. Lives in the Garden of Eden, in a golden cage. He eats golden apples, heals the sick with his singing and restores sight to the blind. At a deep mythological level, he is the personification of fire, light and sun. Therefore, every year in the fall the Firebird dies and is reborn in the spring. At the cross-cultural level, it has an analogue - the Phoenix bird, reborn from the ashes.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Dragon
Fire-breathing dragon with several heads, personification evil beginning in fairy tales and epics. He usually lives in the mountains, near a fiery river and guards the “Kalinov Bridge”, through which one enters the kingdom of the dead. The number of heads of the Serpent-Gorynych is usually three (3, 6, 9 or 12). In fairy tales, the element of fire is usually associated with the serpent. The Serpent-Gorynych kidnaps girls (often princesses) to feast on them. After this, the main characters come to him for a duel, first killing his viper cubs.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Ivan the Fool
A very popular image in mythology, which, when solving problems, is guided by its own, non-standard solutions, often contradictory common sense, but bringing success. The designation “fool” is interpreted in different ways. Some researchers consider this a talisman against the evil eye. According to another version, Ivan is called a fool, since usually in fairy tales he is the third son, who is not entitled to a share of the parental inheritance (hence the ability to think outside the box, find a way out difficult situations). Etymologically, the image of Ivan the Fool is connected with the image of the priest, because he can sing and play the different instruments, and also speaks in riddles. At the end of the fairy tales, Ivan the Fool receives wealth and a princess as his wife.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Cat Baiyun
A huge man-eating cat with in a magical voice. On the one hand, he charms and lulls travelers with his tales, on the other, his tales can heal. The word “bayun” itself means “talker, storyteller.” In fairy tales cat Baiyun sits on a high pillar far away in the thirtieth kingdom or in a lifeless forest where there are no animals. In one of the fairy tales, he lives with Baba Yaga.
Catching the Cat Bayun is usually a test for the main character, who catches him wearing an iron cap and iron gloves. But the caught Cat Bayun then serves royal court, heals the sick with his stories.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Kolobok
A fairy-tale character in the form of spherical wheat bread, who runs away from grandparents, from various animals, but in the end is eaten by a fox. This character clearly personifies the reverent attitude of the Slavic people to bread, and his sacred meaning. Namely, the round shape of the Kolobok, which also rolls, which refers us to the cult of the sun.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Koschey (Kashchei) the Immortal
An evil sorcerer whose death is hidden in several nested magical animals and objects. “On the sea, on the ocean, there is an island, on that island there is an oak tree, under the oak tree there is a chest buried, in the chest there is a hare, in the hare there is a duck, in the duck there is an egg, in the egg there is the death of Koshchei.” Often kidnaps the main character's fiancee. In appearance - a thin (Koschei - from the word “bone”) tall old man or a living skeleton. Sometimes on a talking and flying horse. A powerful sorcerer, which also allows us to call priests his prototypes.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Goblin
The master spirit of the forest in Slavic mythology. Its appearance can be different, even the opposite breeds in different fairy tales- sometimes he is small, sometimes a giant, sometimes an anthropomorphic creature, sometimes he has an animal appearance. In any case, its nature is otherworldly. People's attitude towards him is also ambivalent. On the one hand, they are afraid of him, he can make a person get lost, sometimes he plays pranks, and he can punish for inappropriate behavior in his domain. At the same time, it is the Leshy who protects the forest, on which human life largely depends.
Heroes of Russian fairy tales. Miracle Yudo
Character folk tales and epics, and even pre-Slavic mythology. Positive or negative character the character is not clearly designated, nor is his gender - in different eras he was both feminine and masculine and in between. Miracle Yudo is a character so ancient that researchers find it difficult to link him to any phenomenon.
It could be a sea animal, a mythical serpent, a dragon. And in author's fairy tale Peter Ershov “The Little Humpbacked Horse” (1834) there is Miracle Yudo Whale Fish - island fish.
A fairy tale is not only entertainment for children. It contains instructive stories, which reflect the beliefs of an entire people. The heroes are endowed with rather conventional hyperbolic characters; their motives and actions are a reflection of ancient Slavic rituals.
Baba Yaga- most famous character Russian folklore. Meanwhile, it's not easy collective image an ugly old woman with a quarrelsome character and ferocious deeds. Baba Yaga is essentially a guide. The forest in which she lives is a conditional border between worlds. She needs the bone leg so that the spirits will consider it theirs. Required condition“heat the bathhouse” - ritual ablution, sharing a meal in one form or another - funeral feast, commemoration among the Slavs. And the indispensable dwelling - a hut on chicken legs - is precisely the place of transition to afterworld. By the way, chicken legs have nothing to do with the hut. “Smoke” means “to fumigate” - to pour smoke into a person’s new shelter “without windows, without doors.” And Baba Yaga did not actually put children in the oven - this is again an image of the initiation of children among the Slavs, during which the child was placed in the oven to protect him from evil spirits.
Water- an unpleasant-looking water spirit that lives in whirlpools and watermills. His wives are drowned girls, and his servants are fish. The merman will not miss the chance to pull an unlucky diver to the muddy bottom. So that he would not act outrageously, they brought him gifts; the spirit of water was especially happy with the delicious goose. The merman is always ready to protect his native home, as soon as a fisherman recklessly encroaches on his property.
Firebird- an analogue of the Phoenix reborn from fire and ashes. As a rule, she (or her pen) is the goal of the main characters’ searches and wanderings. It is believed that she personifies light and warmth, so she dies every autumn and appears again in the spring. Also found in fairy tales Sirin- half woman, half bird. She has heavenly beauty and an angelic voice, but everyone who hears it is doomed to troubles and suffering.
Dragon- a fire-breathing dragon that can fly. In Slavic folklore, he guards the Kalinov Bridge - access to the afterlife, where the path to the common man is prohibited. The number of his heads is always a multiple of three ( sacred number Slavs), which indicates survivability, you cannot defeat him at once.
Goblin- Forest spirit. He is sometimes huge and powerful, sometimes small and absurd, sometimes clumsy, sometimes dexterous. They try to avoid him, because Leshy has a harmful character and can lead him into the thicket of the forest - then get out of there. You can escape if you wear your clothes inside out - this way he won’t recognize his victim. At the same time, they appease him by leaving gifts at the edge of the forest, because he is the Master of the forest, without whom human life is impossible.
- a good keeper of the house. He is born an old man and dies a baby. He is happy to help around the house if you don’t offend him and feed him milk, but he can misbehave and hide the necessary things. The complete opposite is Kikimora – evil spirit deceased, tormenting the family. However, she does nasty things to those who do not keep their home in order, so she is quite fair. Another home prankster - Bannik. He is capable of scaring a person who comes to take a steam bath by throwing hot stones at him or scalding him with boiling water.
Koschei the Immortal- an evil sorcerer who kidnaps brides. This is a prototype of the powerful priest Koshchei Chernobogovich, the son of Chernobog. He owned the kingdom of Navi (the underworld, the afterlife among the Slavs).
Well, what would a fairy tale be without Ivan the Fool? This is a collective positive image, who has a long path ahead of him, but he goes through it with valor and in the end receives a princess as his wife. So the Fool is not a curse, but a kind of amulet against the evil eye. Ivan solves the problems posed by life thanks to his own ingenuity and unconventional approach.
Listening to stories from heroes of Russian folk tales, children from childhood learned to be persistent in spirit, fair, courageous, honoring and recognizing the power of good (after all, it always wins). The Slavs believed that any fairy tale is a lie only for ours, visible world, but the truth is for the world of spirits. And no one will argue that it contains a lesson that everyone has yet to learn during their lives.
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Fairytale names
Fairytale names- these are the names of the heroes of fairy tales beloved from childhood. Behind every fairy-tale name there is an image, a character, a destiny. People remember fairy tales they read in childhood throughout their lives, and they keep books with their favorite fairy tales for their children.
Fairytale names
Akella
Alyonushka
Alesha Popovich
Baba Yaga
Bagheera
Baloo
Barmaley
Baron Munchausen
Pinocchio
Vasilisa Mikulishna
Vasilisa the Beautiful
Varvara-beautiful
Winnie the Pooh
Gerda
Danila the master
Father Frost
Grandfather Mazay
Nikitich
Dr. Aibolit
Duremar
Thumbelina
Elena the beautiful
Elena the Wise
Zhikharka
Goldilocks
Dragon
Cinderella
Ivan the Fool
Ivan Tsarevich
Ilya Muromets
Karabas Barabas
Carlson
Koschei the Immortal
Kolobok
The Little Humpbacked Horse
King Thrushbeard
Cat Basilio
Leopold the Cat
Cat Matroskin
Cat Purr
Puss in Boots
Little Red Riding Hood
Crocodile Gena
Chicken Ryaba
Fox Alice
Lutonya
Malvina
Thumb Boy
Mowgli
Mickey Mouse
Moidodyr
Marya the Mistress
Marya-marevna
Morozko
Cecotuha fly
Dunno
Nikita Kozhemyaka
Olle-Lukoje
Papa Carlo
Pippi Longstocking
Cockerel-Golden Comb
Princess on the Pea
Postman Pechkin
Pierrot
Prospero
Maya the Bee
Piglet
Mermaid
Ruslan and Ludmila
Sadko
Svetogor the hero
Silver hoof
Sivka-burka-Prophetic Kaurka
Sineglazka
Scrooge
Snow Maiden
Blue Beard
sleeping Beauty
Nightingale the Robber
Suok
The Three Little Pigs - Nif-nif, Naf-naf and Nuf-nuf
Tugarin-snake
Fedot the Sagittarius
Finist-clear falcon
Foka of all trades doc
Mistress Copper Mountain
Swan Princess
Princess Frog
Tsarevna-Nesmeyana
Tsar-Pea
King Dodon
Tsar Saltan
Cheburashka
Turtle Tortilla
Chernavka
Chernomor
Cippolino
Miracle Yudo
Shamakhan queen
Shapoklyak
Sherkhan
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Fairytale names
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They create the mythical reality of folklore: these heroes are an important part of the life of our ancestors. Description magical power, which each of the heroes owned and believed in in ancient times, has reached our time practically unchanged, although now it is not entirely clear to us. Children's fairy tale characters are familiar to us from the very beginning. early age, but gradually their images fade from memory. Let's remember some of them.
Male fairy tale characters
Ivan Tsarevich, aka Ivan the Fool, aka Ivan the peasant son. The main qualities of this character are nobility and kindness. In any of the fairy tales, Ivan helps and saves, which ultimately leads to a successful resolution of the situation, and to his happiness. teaches the reader to listen to his heart, to his intuition, to maintain honor in any situation and not to lose his presence of mind. Ivan is often accompanied by a faithful horse or Gray wolf. The Horse is a symbol of devotion and fidelity, but the Wolf is a symbol of cunning: they help Ivan in all his endeavors. The antithesis of Ivan is often Koschey the Immortal - a negative character in Russian folk tales, an evil sorcerer. His death is hidden in several nested objects and animals. In fairy tales, Koschey kidnaps the heroine and hides her at the end of the world in his castle, and Ivan usually saves her. Less often, Koschey acts as a symbol of wisdom and a keeper of knowledge.
Female fairy tale characters
Vasilisa the Beautiful, aka Vasilisa the Wise. The main qualities of the character are wisdom, beauty, loyalty. She is not just a heroine, she is a faithful assistant to Ivan, who must free her from captivity with Koshchei, or her stern father, or the Serpent Gorynych, or any other villain. Vasilisa does not helplessly wait to be rescued, but helps the hero in every possible way, gives him advice, turns to her friends among people and animals. Vasilisa is a symbol of wisdom and virtue; from her the reader learns to be responsive and patient. Another female character, found in Russian fairy tales, is Baba Yaga, also known as Yaga-Yaginishna. This is perhaps the most ancient character and the most versatile. Yaga usually lives in and is famous for her bad character - it is better to avoid her hut on chicken legs. She casts spells and spells, but nevertheless more often helps than harms the heroes. Baba Yaga sometimes acts as a symbol of wisdom and the keeper of ancient knowledge.
Animals - fairy-tale characters
The Serpent Gorynych is a symbol of evil, representing a dragon with three, six, nine or twelve heads. Often the Serpent kidnaps the heroine and keeps her in captivity, from where Ivan must free her. Gorynych also often acts as a guard at the gates to the underworld or Koshchei’s house. Cat-Bayun is an insidious character who lulls you to sleep with his voice. He knows many songs and tales, but often acts on the side of evil. It is often a pet of Yaga or Koshchei. Of the most neutral heroes of the animal world of Russian fairy tales, one can name the Firebird. She has great power healing. She often becomes the object of desire of kings, kings and Koshchei himself, so the hero often goes in search of her. It is not so easy to catch the Firebird, because it blinds and burns with its light.
The characters of Russian fairy tales are diverse, and the fairy tales themselves contain great wisdom...
Baba Yaga- a character in Slavic mythology and folklore (especially fairy tales) Slavic peoples. An old sorceress endowed with magical powers. Witch, werewolf. In its properties it is closest to a witch. Most often - a negative character. In addition to Russians, it is found in Slovak and Czech fairy tales.
- Koschei the Deathless
Koschey (Kashchei) the Immortal- antagonist in Russian fairy tales and folklore. A king, a sorcerer, sometimes a rider on a magical talking horse. Often acts as the protagonist's bride kidnapper. In Slavic paganism - guardian underground kingdom(analogous to Hades). Depicted as a thin, tall old man or a living skeleton, he is often presented as stingy and stingy (“there Tsar Kashchei is wasting away over gold” by A. S. Pushkin). In addition to the name of the hero of fairy tales, the word has two more outdated meanings: “thin (or stingy) person” and, in ancient Russian texts, “captive”.
- Ivan the Fool
Ivan the Fool, or Ivan the Fool- one of the main prototypical characters of Russian fairy tales. According to some versions, a name with the epithet fool is a talismanic name that prevents the evil eye. Embodies a special fabulous strategy, which does not proceed from the standard postulates of practical reason, but is based on the search for one’s own solutions, often contrary to common sense, but ultimately bringing success.
According to other versions, “fool” is his property status. Since he is the third son, he is not entitled to a share in the inheritance (he remains a fool).
As a rule, it social status low - a peasant's son or the son of an old man and an old woman. In the family he was often the third, youngest son. Not married.
With the help of magical means and especially thanks to his “not smart”, Ivan the Fool successfully passes all the tests and achieves highest values: he defeats the enemy, marries the king’s daughter, receives both wealth and fame... Perhaps Ivan the Fool achieves all this due to the fact that he embodies the first (according to Georges Dumézil) magico-legal function, associated not so much with the case, but with in a word, with priestly duties.
Ivan the Fool is the only one of the brothers who speaks in the fairy tale. Ivan the Fool makes and guesses riddles, that is, he does what a priest does in many traditions during a ritual dedicated to the main annual holiday.
Ivan the Fool - poet and musician; fairy tales emphasize his singing, his ability to play a wonderful pipe or samogud harp, making the herd dance. Ivan the Fool is the bearer of a special speech, in which, in addition to riddles, jokes, and jokes, there are fragments where either the phonetic or semantic principles of ordinary speech are violated, or even something resembling abstruseness; compare “nonsense”, “absurdities”, linguistic paradoxes based, in particular, on the play of homonymy and synonymy, polysemy and multi-referentiality of words, etc. (for example, Ivan the Fool describes killing a snake with a spear as a meeting with evil, which he is evil and hit, “evil died from evil”). Ivan the Fool is connected in the plot with a certain critical situation, culminating in a celebration (victory over the enemy and marriage), in which he is the main participant.
Others have similar tales European peoples. For example, the German fairy tale “Hans the Fool” (“Hans Dumm” Brüder Grimm. Kinder- und Hausmärchen. Nr.54), the Italian “Pietro the Fool” (“Pietro pazzo” Straparola G.F. Le piacevoli notti. 1927. Notte terza, favola I.) , French fairy tale “The Marriage of Jean the Idiot” (“Le mariage de Jean le Idiot” Sébillot, Paul. Contes populaires de la Haute-Bretagne. Paris, 1880. P.140-145.)
- Ivan Tsarevich
Ivan Tsarevich- one of the main characters of Russian folklore. He appeared like a fairy-tale character at the end XVIII-early XIX century.
Ivan Tsarevich appears in fairy tales in two different images:
- positive character fighting evil, helping the offended or weak. Very often at the beginning of a fairy tale, Ivan Tsarevich is poor, lost by his parents, persecuted by enemies, does not know about his royal origin. In such tales, as a reward for heroic behavior and good deeds, Ivan Tsarevich receives back his kingdom, throne, or finds his royal parents. But even if he is initially a prince, then at the end of the fairy tale he usually receives a kind of prize in the form of someone else’s half-kingdom, a royal or royal daughter, a magic or expensive horse, precious or magic items or even extra intelligence or magical skills.
- a negative character who is contrasted with other princes, but more often with characters of simple origin, for example, Ivan the Fisherman's Son. In this case, Ivan Tsarevich is angry, treacherous and tries to destroy in various ways. goodies and take away their well-deserved reward. In the end he is disgraced and punished, but almost never killed.
As a fairy-tale character, Ivan Tsarevich is most often associated with only a few specific plots. Each such plot hardly changes from fairy tale to fairy tale, only the descriptions change characters and their names.
Typically, Ivan Tsarevich (like Ivan the Fool) is the youngest of the Tsar's three sons.
- Emelya
Emelya (“Karmushkin”)- a character from the Russian folk tale “At the Pike’s Command.”
Emelya is not allowed to take part in serious matters of the family. He is extremely lazy: his daughters-in-law have to beg him for a long time to do any work, even simple ones. The only thing that can motivate him to action is the promise of gifts, which he is greedy for. This is a hidden, at first glance, unnoticeable irony; the name Emelyan, according to one version, translated from Latin means “hardworking.” However, this seemingly unattractive character has qualities that make him a real hero: he is dexterous and lucky, he managed to catch a magic pike in an ice hole with his bare hands and receive from it magical power(in the terminology of V. Ya. Propp, the pike becomes the “magic assistant” of the village fool).
At first, Emelya uses the acquired gift for everyday purposes - she makes buckets go for water, an ax - to chop wood, a club - to beat her enemies. In addition, he travels on a self-propelled sleigh without a horse, and subsequently controls the stove (since he does not want to leave his favorite couch). Riding on the stove is one of the brightest episodes of the fairy tale. It is interesting that, while driving her vehicles, Emelya mercilessly crushes people (“Why did they climb under the sleigh?”). Among folklorists, there is an opinion that this detail indicates the royal nature of Emelya, who for the time being remains a “dark horse”, and subsequently reveals his heroic, extraordinary essence.
Indeed, it is rumors about the lordly way of driving and complaints from victims that force the king to pay attention to the most insignificant of his subjects. Emelya is lured to the palace with the help of gifts, and the king makes a claim to him, which, in essence, is limited to a verbal reprimand. Emelya manages to cast a spell at this time the king's daughter, so when he goes home, she begins to feel sad and demands to return peasant son. The Tsar agrees, but when Emelya comes a second time, he immurs him and Princess Marya in a barrel and throws them into the sea. However, a magical gift helps the hero out here too: the spell “At the behest of a pike, at my will” throws the barrel ashore, builds a palace and turns Emelya into a handsome man (at the girl’s request). The king, seeing a new castle on his land, gets angry and comes to look at the insolent man. He does not recognize the changed Emelya, and only during the meal the hero reveals his face and reminds the king of his villainous act. The Tsar is frightened and recognizes Emelya’s strength and that he is worthy to become his son-in-law. Like many Russian fairy tales, the story ends with a wedding.
- Vasilisa the Beautiful
The king wanted to marry his three sons. They went into an open field, pulled their bows and shot an arrow: where whose arrow falls, there his bride will be. The arrow of the youngest son of Ivan Tsarevich fell into a swamp, and he married the Frog Princess. At night she took off her frog skin and became Vasilisa the Beautiful, a beauty and a needlewoman. Only three days remained for Ivan Tsarevich to be patient, and she would become his forever. But he was in a hurry, burned the skin of the frog, and Vasilisa the Beautiful, turning into a bird, flies away to distant lands, to the thirtieth kingdom - to the country of Kashcheev. Ivan Tsarevich goes after her, and along the way he finds good helpers - forest animals, Baba Yaga. Having defeated Koshchei and destroyed his kingdom, Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Beautiful return home.
- Princess Frog
"Princess Frog"- Russian folk fairy tale. Fairy tales with a similar plot are also known in some European countries- for example, in Italy and Greece. The character of this tale is a beautiful girl, usually possessing knowledge of witchcraft (Vasilisa the Wise) and forced to live for some time in the guise of a frog.
According to a typical fairy tale plot, Ivan Tsarevich is forced to marry a frog, as he finds her as a result of a ritual (the princes shot from bows at random, where the arrow would hit - and look for the bride there). The frog, unlike the wives of Ivan Tsarevich’s brothers, copes well with all the tasks of the king, his father-in-law, either with the help of witchcraft (in one version of the fairy tale), or with the help of “nurses” (in another). When the Tsar invites Ivan and his wife to a feast, she arrives in the guise of a beautiful girl. Ivan Tsarevich secretly burns his wife's frog skin, forcing her to leave him. Ivan goes in search, finds her at Koshchei the Immortal and frees his wife.
- Lisa Patrikeevna
Lisa Patrikeevna(Fox-sister, godmother-fox) is one of the main characters of Russian fairy tales.
Fairy tales about the cunning fox and the stupid wolf are common, in which the fox deceives the wolf for her own benefit. There are also fairy tales where the fox deceives other animals (for example, a hare) or people. In most cases, the Fox (or Fox) is negative hero, personifying cunning, deceit, deceit, cunning, selfishness. IN literary fairy tale The image of the fox became softer compared to the folklore prototype. For example, in folk tales a fox can hire out to dress up the body of a deceased person, and then eat it.
Tales with a theme of struggle sly fox The evil wolf has been encountered since ancient times in the folklore of most European peoples.
- Teddy Bear Clubfoot
- Kolobok
Kolobok- a character from the Russian folk tale of the same name, depicted as a small spherical wheat bread, which escaped from the grandparents who baked it, from various animals (a hare, a wolf and a bear), but was eaten by a fox.
It has analogues in the fairy tales of many other peoples: the American gingerbread man, the English Johnny Donut, there are similar Slavic, Scandinavian and German fairy tales, the plot is also found in Uzbek, Tatar fairy tales and others.
- Dragon
Dragon- a multi-headed fire-breathing dragon, a representative of the evil principle in Russian folk tales and epics. In Slavic mythology it is found as zmok (Slovak. zmok, Czech. zmok) or smok (Polish. smok, Belarusian tsmok), serpent (V. Luzh. zmij, Ukrainian zmiy), zmai (Slovenian zmaj, S.- Croatian serpent), serpent (blr. and blg. serpent).
The many-headed nature of a snake is its indispensable feature. The number of heads is usually a multiple of three, most often there are 3, 6, 9 and 12, but there are also 5 and 7. Most often, the snake appears three-headed. Other features of the serpent are mentioned less frequently or not at all. In most cases, the kite has the ability to fly, but, as a rule, nothing is said about its wings. Thus, in the entire Afanasyev collection of Russian folk tales, “fiery wings” are reported only once (the fairy tale “Frolka-seat”). The body of a snake is not described in fairy tales, however, in popular prints depicting a snake, the favorite details are a long tail arrow and clawed paws. Another important feature of the snake is its fiery nature, but how exactly the fire erupts is not described in fairy tales. The snake carries fire within itself and spews it out when attacked. Except fire element the serpent is also associated with the element of water, and these two elements do not exclude each other. In some fairy tales, he lives in the water, sleeping on a stone in the sea. At the same time, the serpent is also the Serpent Gorynych and lives in the mountains (it is also possible that the patronymic came from Slavic name Gorynya). However, such a location does not prevent him from being a sea monster. In some fairy tales, he lives in the mountains, but when the hero approaches him, he comes out of the water. According to Dahl, “Gorynya is a fabulous hero and giant who rocks mountains. Gorynich is a fabulous patronymic given to heroes, sometimes to snakes, or to inhabitants of mountains, dens, and caves.” The three-headed serpent Azhi-Dahak from Iranian mythology and the Serbian Serpent Fire Wolf (Smaj Ogeni Vuk) are similar to the Serpent Gorynych.
- Cat Baiyun
cat Baiyun- Russian character fairy tales, a huge man-eating cat with a magical voice. He speaks and lulls approaching travelers to sleep with his tales and those of them who are not strong enough to resist his magic and who are not prepared for battle with him, the Bayun cat mercilessly kills. But whoever can get a cat will find salvation from all illnesses and ailments - Bayun’s fairy tales are healing. The word bayun itself means “talker, storyteller, talker”, from the verb bayat - “tell, talk” (cf. also the verbs lull, lull in the meaning “to put to sleep”). Fairy tales say that Bayun sits on a high, usually iron, pole. The cat lives far away in the thirtieth kingdom or in a lifeless dead forest, where there are no birds or animals. In one of the fairy tales about Vasilisa the Beautiful, the Cat Bayun lived with Baba Yaga.
Exists a large number of fairy tales where the main character is given the task of catching a cat; As a rule, such tasks were given with the goal of ruining a good fellow. Meeting with it fairy-tale monster threatens imminent death. To capture the magic cat, Ivan Tsarevich puts on an iron cap and iron gloves. Having extorted and caught the animal, Ivan Tsarevich takes it to the palace to his father. There, the defeated cat begins to serve the king - telling fairy tales and healing the king with soothing words.
- Firebird
Firebird- a fairytale bird, a character in Russian fairy tales, is usually the goal of searching for the hero of a fairy tale. The feathers of the firebird have the ability to shine and their brilliance amazes human vision. The Firebird is a fiery bird, its feathers shine with silver and gold (Ognivak’s feathers are reddish), its wings are like tongues of flame, and its eyes glow like crystal. It reaches the size of a peacock.
The Firebird lives in the Garden of Eden of Iria, in a golden cage. At night it flies out of it and illuminates the garden with itself as brightly as thousands of lit lights.
Catching the firebird is fraught with great difficulties and is one of the main tasks that the king (father) sets to his sons in the fairy tale. The firebird can only be obtained youngest son. Mythologists (Afanasyev) explained the firebird as the personification of fire, light, sun. The firebird feeds on golden apples, which give youth, beauty and immortality; When she sings, pearls fall from her beak.
The singing of the firebird heals the sick and restores sight to the blind. Leaving aside arbitrary mythological explanations, we can compare the firebird with medieval stories about the Phoenix bird, reborn from the ashes, very popular in both Russian and Western European literature. The prototype of the Firebird is the peacock. Rejuvenating apples, in turn, can be compared with the fruits of the pomegranate tree, a favorite delicacy of phoenixes.
Every year, in the fall, the Firebird dies and is reborn in the spring. Sometimes you can find a fallen feather from the Firebird's tail; brought into a dark room, it will replace the richest lighting. Over time, such a feather turns into gold.
To catch, Firebirds use a golden cage with apples inside as a trap. You cannot catch it with your bare hands, as you can get burned on its plumage.
- Gray wolf
- Sivka-Burka
- Dereza goat
- Elena the beautiful
- Vasilisa the Wise
- Marya Iskusnitsa
- Miracle Yudo
