List of fiction for preschoolers. Traditional list of books for children

Vera Komolova
Sample list of literature for reading to children according to the education and training program in kindergarten edited by M. A. Vasilyeva

An approximate list of literature for reading and telling to children according to the PROGRAM OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN KINDERGARTEN, edited by M. A. Vasilyeva, V. V. Gerbova, T. S. Komarova

Early age (1-2 years)

Russian folklore

Russians folk songs, nursery rhymes. “Okay, okay.”, “Cockerel, cockerel.”, “Big legs.”, “Water, water.”, “Bay-bye, bye-bye.”, “Pussy, pussy, pussy, scat.”, “ Like our cat.”, “Let’s go, cat, under the bridge. ,".

Russian folk tales. “Chicken Ryaba”, “Turnip” (arranged by K. Ushinsky); “How a goat built a hut” (model by M. Bulatov).

Poetry. 3. Alexandrova. "Hide and Seek"; A. Barto. “Bull”, “Ball”, “Elephant” (from the “Toys” series); V. Berestov. “Hen with Chicks”; V. Zhukovsky. “Bird”; G. Lagzdyn. “Bunny, Bunny, Dance!”; S. Marshak. "Elephant", "Tiger Cub", "Owls" (from the series "Children in a Cage"); I. Tokmakova. -Bainki."

Prose. T. Alexandrova. “Piggy and Chushka” (abbr.); L. Panteleev. *How a pig learned to speak”; V. Suteev. "Chicken and Duckling"; E. Charushin. “Chicken” (from the series “Big and Small”); K. Chukovsky. -"Chick".

Fiction for children

First junior group(2-3 years)

Sample list for reading and telling to children

Songs, nursery rhymes, chants. “Our ducks in the morning.”; “The cat went to Torzhok.”; “Egorka the Hare.”; “Our Masha is small.”; “Chicky, chicky, chicky.”, “Oh doo-doo, doo-doo, doo-doo! A raven sits on an oak tree"; “Because of the forest, because of the mountains.”; “A fox was running through the forest with a little box.”; “Cucumber, cucumber.”; “Sunny, bucket.”

Fairy tales. “Kids and the Wolf”, arr. K. Ushinsky; "Teremok", arr. M. Bulatova; "Masha and the Bear", arr. M. Bulatova. Folklore of the peoples of the world “Three Merry Brothers”, trans. with him. L. Yakhnina; “Boo-boo, I’m horned”, lit., arr. Yu. Grigorieva; "Kotausi and Mausi"; English, arr., K. Chukovsky; “Oh, you little bastard.”; lane with mold. I. Tokmakova; “You, little dog, don’t bark.”, trans. with mold. I. Tokmakova; “Ragovory”, Chuvash., trans. L. Yakhnina; "Snegirek", trans. with him. V. Viktorova; “Shoemaker”, Polish, arr. B, Zakhodera.

Works of poets and writers of Russia

Poetry. A. Barto. “Bear”, “Truck”, “Elephant”, “Horse” (from the series “Toys”, “Who Screams”; V. Berestov. “Sick Doll”, “Kitten”; G. Lagzdyn, “Cockerel”; C Marshak. “The Tale of stupid mouse"; E. Moshkovskaya. “Order” (abbr.); N. Pikuleva. “Fox tail”, “The cat was inflating the balloon.”; N. Sakonskaya. “Where is my finger?”; A. Pushkin. “The wind blows across the sea.” (from “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”); M. Lermontov. "Sleep, baby." (from the poem “Cossack Lullaby”); A. Barto, P. Barto. "Roarer Girl"; A. Vvedensky. "Mouse"; A. Pleshcheev, in Rural Song"; G. Sapgir. "Cat"; K. Chukovsky. “Fedotka”, “Confusion”.

Prose. L. Tolstoy. “The cat was sleeping on the roof.”, “Petya and Misha had a horse.”; L. Tolstoy. "Three Bears"; V. Suteev. “Who said “meow””; V. Bianchi. “The Fox and the Mouse”; G. Ball. “Yellow Little”; N. Pavlova. “Strawberry”.

S. Kaputikyan. “Everyone is Sleeping”, “Masha Is Having Dinner” trans. from Armenian T. Spendiarova. P. Voronko. "New clothes", trans. from Ukrainian S. Marshak. D. Bisset. "Ha-ha-ha!", trans. from English N. Shereshevskaya; Ch. Yancharsky. “In the toy store”, “Friends”.! from the book “The Adventures of Mishka Ushastik”, trans. from Polish V. Prikhodko.

Fiction for children

Second junior group (3-4 years)

Sample list for reading and telling to children

Russian folklore: Songs, nursery rhymes, chants, “Finger-boy.”, “Little bunny, dance.”, “Night has come.”, “Magpie, magpie.”, “I’m on my way to grandma, to grandfather.”, “Tili -bom! Tili-bom."; “Like our cat.”, “The squirrel is sitting on a cart.”, “Ay, kachi-kachi-kachi.”, “We lived with grandma.”, “Chiki-chiki-chikalochki.”, “Kitty-murysenka.” , “Zarya-Zaryanitsa.”; “Weed ant. ,.", "There are three hens on the street.", "Shadow, shadow, shadow.", "Rock-hen.", "Rain, rain, more.", " Ladybug. ,", "Rainbow-arc.", .

Fairy tales. "Kolobok", arr. K. Ushinsky; “The Wolf and the Little Goats”, arr. A. N. Tolstoy; “Cat, rooster and fox”, arr. M. Bogolyubskaya; "Swan geese"; "The Snow Maiden and the Fox"; “Goby - black barrel, white hooves”, arr. M. Bulatova; "The Fox and the Hare", arr. V. Dahl; “Fear has big eyes”, arr. M. Serova; "Teremok", arr. E. Charushina.

Folklore of the peoples of the world.

Songs. “The Ship”, “The Brave Men”, “Little Fairies”, “The Three Trappers” English, arr. S. Marshak; “What a rumble”, trans. from Latvian S. Marshak; “Buy a bow.”, trans. with scotch N. Tokmakova; “Conversation of Frogs”, “Uncooperative Hoopoe”, “Help!” lane from Czech S. Marshak.

Fairy tales. “Mitten”, “Goat-dereza” in Ukrainian, arr. E. Blaginina; “Two Greedy Little Bears”, Hungarian, arr. A. Krasnova and V. Vazhdaeva; “Stubborn goats”, Uzbek, arr. Sh. Sagdully; “Visiting the Sun”, translated from Slovak. S. Mogilevskaya and L. Zorina; "Nanny Fox", trans. from Finnish E. Soini; “The Brave Well Done”, trans. from Bulgarian L. Gribova; “Pykh”, Belarusian, arr. N. Myalika; “The forest bear and the naughty mouse”, Latvian, arr. Y. Vanaga, per. L. Voronkova; "The Rooster and the Fox", trans. with scotch M, Klyagina-Kondratieva; "The Pig and the Kite", a fairy tale of the peoples of Mozambique, trans. from Portugal Yu. Chubkova.

Works of poets and writers of Russia

Poetry. K. Balmont. "Autumn"; A. Blok. "Bunny"; A. Koltsov. "The winds are blowing." (from the poem “Russian Song”); A. Pleshcheev. “Autumn has come.”, “Spring” (abbr.); A. Maikov. “Lullaby”, “The swallow has rushed.” (from modern Greek songs); Ah, Pushkin. “Wind, wind! You are powerful.”, “Our light, sunshine!”, “A month, a month.” (from "The Tale of dead princess And. seven heroes"); S. Cherny. “The Preacher”, “About Katyusha”; S. Marshak. “Zoo”, “Giraffe”, “Zebras”, “Polar Bears”, “Little Ostrich”, “Penguin”, “Camel”, “Where the Sparrow Dined” (from the series “Children in a Cage”); "A Quiet Tale", "The Tale of smart mouse"; K. Chukovsky. “Confusion”, “Stolen Sun”, “Moidodyr”, “Tsokotukha Fly”, “Hedgehogs Laugh”, “Christmas Tree”, “Aibolit”, “Miracle Tree”, “Turtle”; S. Grodetsky, “Who is this?”; V. Berestov. “Hen with Chicks”, “Bull”; N. Zabolotsky. “How the mice fought with the cat”; V. Mayakovsky. “What is good and what is bad?”, “Every page is either an elephant or a lioness”; K. Balmont, “Mosquitoes-Makariki”; P. Kosyakov. "She's All"; A. Barto, P. Barto. “Greasy girl”; S. Mikhalkov. "Song of Friends"; E. Moshkovskaya. "Greedy"; I. Tokmakova. "Bear". Prose. K. Ushinsky. “Cockerel with his family”, “Ducks”, “Vaska”, “Fox-Patrikeevna”; T. Alexandrova. "Burik the Bear"; B. Zhitkov. “How we went to the zoo”, “How we arrived at the zoo”, “Zebra”, -Elephants”, “How the elephant bathed” (from the book “What I Saw”); M. Zoshchenko. -Smart bird”; G. Tsyferov. “About Friends”, “When There Are Not Enough Toys” from the book “About the Chicken, the Sun and the Little Bear”); K. Chukovsky. “So and not so”; D. Mamin-Sibiryak. "The Tale of brave hare- Long ears, slanting eyes, short tail”; L. Voronkova. “Masha the Confused”, “It’s Snowing” (from the book “It’s Snowing”); N. Nosov “Steps”; D, Kharms. "Brave Hedgehog"; L. Tolstoy. “The bird made a nest.”; “Tanya knew the letters.”; “Varya had a siskin.”, “Spring has come.”; V. Bianchi. “Bathing bear cubs”; Yu. Dmitriev. "Blue hut"; S. Prokofiev. “Masha and Oika”, “When you can cry”, “The Tale of an ill-mannered mouse” (from the book “Fairy Tale Machines”); V. Suteev. "Three kittens"; A. N. Tolstoy. “Hedgehog”, “Fox”, “Cockerels”.

Works of poets and writers from different countries

Poetry. E. Vieru. "The Hedgehog and the Drum", trans. with mold. Y. Akima; P. Voronko. -The Sly Hedgehog”, trans. from Ukrainian S. Marshak; L. Mileva. "Swift Legs and Gray Clothes", trans. from Bulgarian M. Marinova; A. Milne. "Three Little Foxes", trans. from English N. Slepakova; N. Scored. "Pencil", trans. from Ukrainian 3. Alexandrova; S. Kapugikyan. “Who will finish drinking sooner”, “Masha does not cry” trans. from Armenian T. Spendiarova; A. Bosev. "Rain", trans. from Bulgarian I. Maznina; “The finch sings,” ~er. from Bulgarian I. Tokmakova; M. Karem. "My cat", trans. from French M. Kudinova.

Prose. D. Bisset. “The Frog in the Mirror”, translation, from English. N. Shereshevskaya; L. Muur. "Little Raccoon and the One Who Sits in the Pond", trans. from English O. Obraztsova; Ch. Yancharsky. “Games”, “Scooter” (from the book “The Adventures of Mishka Ushastik”, translated from Polish by V. Prikhodko; E. Bekhlerova. “Cabbage Leaf”, translated from Polish by G. Lukin; A. Bosev. “Three” , translated from Bulgarian by V. Viktorova; B. Potter. “Ukhti-Tukhti”, translated from English by O. Obraztsova; J. Capek. “A Hard Day”, “In the Forest”, “Yarinka’s Doll” (from the book “The Adventures of a Dog and a Cat”, translated from Czech. G. Lukin; O. Alfaro. “Hero Goat”, translated from Spanish by T. Davityants; O. Panku-Yash. “Good night, Dooku! ”, translated from Romanian by M. Olsufieva, “Not only in kindergarten” (abbr., translated from Romanian by T. Ivanova. Sample list for memorizing “Finger-boy.”, “Like our cat. ", "Cucumber, cucumber.", "The mice dance in a circle. ,." - Russian folk songs; A. Barto. "Bear", "Ball", "Boat"; V. Berestov. "Cockerels"; K. Chukovsky. “Christmas tree” (abbr.); E. Ilyina. “Our Christmas tree” (abbr.); A. Pleshcheev. “Rural song”; N. Sakonskaya. “Where is my finger?”

Fiction for children

Middle group (4-5 years old)

Sample list for reading and telling to children

Russian folklore

Songs, nursery rhymes, chants. “Our goat.” -; “Little cowardly bunny.”: “Don! Don! Don!-", "Geese, you are geese."; “Legs, legs, where have you been?..” “The bunny is sitting, sitting. >, “The cat went to the stove.”, “It’s a whole day today.”, “Little lambs.”, “A fox is walking across the bridge.”, “Sun-bucket.”, “Go, spring, go, red.”.

Fairy tales. “About Ivanushka the Fool”, arr. M. Gorky; “The War of Mushrooms and Berries”, arr. V. Dahl; “Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka”, arr. L. N. Tolstoy; “Zhiharka”, arr. I. Karnaukhova; “Sister Fox and the Wolf”, arr. M. Bulatova; “Zimovye”, arr. I. Sokolova-Mikitova; "The Fox and the Goat", arr. O. Kapitsa; “The Picky One”, “The Lapotnitsa Fox”, arr. V. Dahl; "Cockerel and bean seed", arr. Oh, Kapitsa.

Folklore of the peoples of the world

Songs. “Fish”, “Ducklings”, French, arr. N. Gernet and S. Gippius; "Chiv-chiv, sparrow", trans. with Komi-Permyats. V. Klimova; "Fingers", trans. with him. L, Yakhina; “The Bag”, Tatars., trans. R. Yagofarov, retelling by L. Kuzmin. Fairy tales. "The Three Little Pigs", trans. from English S. Mikhalkova; "The Hare and the Hedgehog", from the Brothers Grimm's Fairy Tales, trans. with him. A. Vvedensky, ed. S. Marshak; “Little Red Riding Hood”, from the fairy tales of C. Perrault, trans. from French T. Gabbe; Brothers Grimm. "The Bremen Town Musicians", German, translated by V. Vvedensky, edited by S. Marshak.

Works of poets and writers of Russia

Poetry. I. Bunin. “Leaf Fall” (excerpt); A. Maikov. " Autumn leaves circling with the wind."; A. Pushkin. “The sky was already breathing in autumn.” (from the novel “Eugene Onegin”); A. Fet. "Mother! Look out the window.”; Ya. Akim. "First snow"; A. Barto. "We left"; C. Yeast. "He's walking in the street." (from the story “In a Peasant Family”); S. Yesenin. “Winter sings and echoes.”; N. Nekrasov. “It is not the wind that rages over the forest.” (from the poem “Frost, Red Nose”); I. Surikov. "Winter"; S. Marshak. “Luggage”, “About everything in the world-:-”, “He’s so absent-minded”, “Ball”; S. Mikhalkov. "Uncle Styopa"; E. Baratynsky. “Spring, spring” (abbr.); Yu. Moritz. “Song about a fairy tale”; “The gnome’s house, the gnome is home!”; E. Uspensky. "Destruction"; D. Harms. "A very sad story." Prose. V. Veresaev. "Brother"; A. Vvedensky. “About the girl Masha, the dog Cockerel and the cat Thread” (chapters from the book); M. Zoshchenko. "Demonstration child"; K. Ushinsky. " Lively cow"; S. Voronin. "Warlike Jaco"; S. Georgiev. "Grandma's Garden" N. Nosov. “Patch”, “Entertainers”; L. Panteleev. “On the Sea” (chapter from the book “Stories about Squirrel and Tamara”); Bianchi, "The Foundling"; N. Sladkov. "Not hearing."

Literary fairy tales. M. Gorky. "Sparrow"; V. Oseeva. "Magic needle"; R. Sef. “The Tale of Round and Long Men”; K. Chukovsky. “Telephone”, “Cockroach”, “Fedorino’s grief”; Nosov. “The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends” (chapters from the book); D. Mamin-Sibiryak. “The Tale about Komar Komarovich - Long Nose and about Furry Misha - Short tail"; V. Bianchi. "First hunt"; D. Samoilov. "It's the baby elephant's birthday."

Fables. L. Tolstoy. “The father ordered his sons.”, “The boy was guarding the sheep.”, “The jackdaw wanted to drink.”

Works of poets and writers from different countries

Poetry. V. Vitka. "Counting", trans. from Belarusian I. Tokmakova; Y. Tuvim. "Miracles", trans. from Polish V. Prikhodko; “About Pan Trulyalinsky”, retelling from Polish. B. Zakhodera; F. Grubin. "Tears", trans. from Czech E. Solonovich; S. Vangeli. “Snowdrops” (chapters from the book “Gugutse - captain of the ship”, translated from Moldova by V. Berestov.

Literary fairy tales. A. Milne. “Winnie the Pooh and all-all-all” (chapters from the book, translated from English by B. Zakhoder; E. Blyton. “The famous duckling Tim” (chapters from the book, translated from English by E. Paperna; T. Egner. “Adventures in the forest of Elki-na-Gorka” (chapters from the book, translated from Norwegian by L. Braude; D. Bisset. “About the boy who growled at the tigers”, translated from English by N. Sherepgevskaya; E Hogarth. “The Mafia and His cheerful friends"(chapters from the book, translated from English by O. Obraztsova and N. Shanko.

For memorizing “Grandfather wanted to cook fish soup.”, “Legs, legs, where have you been?” - Russian adv. songs; A. Pushkin. “Wind, wind! You are powerful." (from “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”); 3. Alexandrova. "Herringbone"; A. Barto. “I know what I need to come up with”; L. Nikolaenko. “Who scattered the bells.”; V. Orlov. “From the market”, “Why does the bear sleep in winter” (chosen by the teacher); E. Serova. “Dandelion”, “Cat’s Paws” (from the series “Our Flowers”); “Buy onions.”, shot. adv. song, trans. I. Tokmakova.

Fiction for children

Senior group (5-6 years old)

Sample list for reading and telling to children

Russian folklore

Songs. “Like thin ice.”; “Nobody the gander.”; “I’m already tightening the pegs.”; “Like grandma’s goat.”; “You are frost, frost, frost.”: “If you knock on the oak tree, a blue siskin will fly.”; “Early, early in the morning.”: “Rooks-kirichi.”; “You, little bird, you’re a vagrant.”; “Swallow-swallow.”: “Rain, rain, more fun.”; "Ladybug.".

Fairy tales. "The Fox and the Jug", arr. O. Kapitsa; “Winged, furry and oily” arr. I. Karnaukhova; “Khavroshechka”, arr. A. N. Tolsto “The Braggart Hare”, arr. O. Kapitsa; " Princess Frog", arr. M. Bulatova; “Rhymes”, authorized retelling of B. Shergin’s “Sivka-Burka”, arr. M. Bulatova; "Finist - Clear Falcon", arr. A. Platonova.

Folklore of the peoples of the world

Songs. “Washed buckwheat”, lit., arr. Yu. Grigorieva; "Old lady." "The House That Jack Built", trans. from English S. Marshak; “Have a nice trip!”, Dutch, arr. I. Tokmakova; “Vesnyanka”, Ukrainian, arr. G. Litvak; “Friend by Friend”, Taj., arr. N. Grebneva (abbr.).

Fairy tales. “Cuckoo”, Nenets, arr. K. Shavrova; “Wonderful stories about a hare named Lek,” tales of the peoples of West Africa, trans. O. Kustova and V. Andreeva; "Goldilocks", trans. from Czech K. Paustovsky; "Three golden hairs of Grandfather the Omniscient", trans. from Czech N. Arosieva (from the collection of fairy tales by K. Ya. Erben). Works of poets and writers of Russia

Poetry. I. Bunin. "First snow"; A. Pushkin. “The sky was already breathing in autumn.” (from the novel “Eugene Onegin”); " Winter evening"(abbr.); A.K. Tolstoy. “It’s autumn, our whole poor garden is falling.”; M. Tsvetaeva. "At the crib"; S. Marshak. "Poodle"; S. Yesenin. “Birch”, “Birch cherry”; I. Nikitin. "Meeting Winter"; A. Fet. “The cat is singing, his eyes are narrowed.”; S. Cherny. "Wolf"; V. Levin. "Chest", "Horse"; M. Yasnov. "Peaceful counting rhyme." S. Gorodetsky. "Kitty"; F. Tyutchev. “It’s not for nothing that winter is angry.”; A. Barto. "Rope". Prose. V. Dmitrieva. “Baby and Bug” (chapters); L. Tolstoy. “Bone”, “Jump”, “Lion and Dog”; N. Nosov. " Living hat"; Almazov. "Gorbushka"; A. Gaidar. “Chuk and Gek” (chapters); S. Georgiev. “I saved Santa Claus”; V. Dragunsky. “Childhood Friend”, “Top Down, Diagonally”; K. Paustovsky. "Cat Thief"

Literary fairy tales. T. Alexandrova. “Little Brownie Kuzka” (chapters); B. Bianchi. "Owl"; B. Zakhoder. " Gray star"; A. Pushkin. "The Tale of Tsar Saltan, of his glorious son and mighty hero Guidone Saltanovich l o beautiful princess Swans"; P. Bazhov. "Silver Hoof"; N. Teleshov. "Krupenichka"; V. Kataev. "Seven-flowered flower."

Works of poets and writers from different countries

Poetry. A. Milne. "The Ballad of the Royal Sandwich", trans. from English S. Marshak; V. Smith. "About the Flying Cow", trans. from English B. Zakhodera; J. Brzechwa. "On the Horizon Islands", trans. from Polish B. Zakhodera; False Reeves. "Noisy Bang", trans. from English M. Boroditskaya; “A letter to all children on one very important matter,” trans. from Polish S. Mikhalkova.

Literary fairy tales. X. Mäkelä. “Mr. Au” (chapters, translated from Finnish by E. Uspensky; R. Kipling. “The Little Elephant”, translated from English by K. Chukovsky, poems translated by S. Marshak; A. Lindgren. “Carlson, who lives on the roof, flew in again” (abbreviated chapters, translated from Swede L. Lungina.

For learning by heart “You will knock on the oak tree.”, Russian. adv. song; I. Belousov. "Spring Guest"; E. Blaginina. “Let’s sit in silence”; G. Vieru. “Mom’s Day”, translated by Y. Akim; M. Isakovsky. “Go beyond the seas and oceans”; M. Karem. "Peaceful counting rhyme", trans. from French V. Berestova; A. Pushkin. “Near Lukomorye there is a green oak tree.” (from the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”); I. Surikov. "This is my village."

For reading in the faces of Yu. Vladimirov. "Weirdos"; S. Gorodetsky. "Kitty"; V. Orlov. “Tell me, little river.”; E. Uspensky. "Destruction." additional literature

Russian folk tales. “Nikita Kozhemyaka” (from the collection of fairy tales by A. Afanasyev); "Boring Tales." Foreign folk tales. "About the Mouse Who Was a Cat, a Dog and a Tiger", ind. lane N. Khodzy; “How the brothers found their father’s treasure”, mold., arr. M. Bulatova; “The Yellow Stork”, Chinese, trans. F. Yarlina.

Prose. B. Zhitkov. “White House”, “How I Caught Little Men”; G, Snegirev. “Penguin Beach”, “To the Sea”, “Brave Little Penguin”; L. Panteleev. “The letter “y””; M. Moskvina. “Little”; A. Mityaev. “The Tale of Three Pirates”. Poetry. Y. Akim. “Greedy”; Y. Moritz. “House with a Rough”; R. Sef. "Advice", "Endless Poems"; D. Kharms. "I was running, running, running."; D. Ciardi. "About the one who has three eyes", translated from English by R Sefa; B. Zakhoder "Pleasant meeting"; S. Cherny. "Wolf"; A. Pleshcheev. "My kindergarten"; S. Marshak. "Mail". Literary tales. A. Volkov. "The Wizard of the Emerald City" (chapters); O. Preusler "Little Baba Yaga", translated from German by Y. Korinets; J. Rodari. "The Magic Drum" (from the book "Fairy Tales with Three Endings", translated from Italian by I. Konstantinova; T. Jansson. "About the very last dragon in the world", translated from Swede L. Braude; "The Wizard's Hat", translated by V. Smirnov; G. Sapgir. "Tall Tales in the Faces", "They Sold a Little Frog"; L. Petrushevskaya. "The Cat" , who could sing"; A. Mityaev. "The Tale of Three Pirates."

Fiction for children

School preparatory group (6-7 years old)

Sample list for reading and telling to children

Russian folklore.

Songs. “The fox walked with rye.”; “Chigariki-chok-chigarok.”; "Winter has come."; “Mother spring is coming.”; “When the sun rises, dew will fall to the ground.” Calendar ritual songs. “Kolyada! Kolyada! And sometimes there is a carol.”; “Kolyada, Kolyada, give me some pie.”; “How the carol went.”; “Like oil week.”; "Ting-ting-ka."; “Maslenitsa, Maslenitsa!”

Jokes. “Brothers, brothers.”; “Fedul, why are you pouting your lips?”; “Did you eat the pie?”; “Where the jelly is, that’s where it sits”; "Stupid Ivan."; “Knocked down and knocked together - that’s the wheel.” Tales. “Ermoshka is rich.” “Listen up, guys.”

Fairy tales and epics. “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber” (recording by A. Hilferding, excerpt); “Vasilisa the Beautiful” (from the collection of fairy tales by A. Afanasyev); "The Wolf and the Fox", arr. I. Sokolova-Mikitova. “Dobrynya and the Serpent”, retelling by N. Kolpakova; “The Snow Maiden” (based on folk stories); “Sadko” (recording by P. Rybnikov, excerpt); “Seven Simeons - seven workers”, arr. I. Karnaukhova; “Synko-Filipko”, retelling by E. Polenova; “Don’t peck into the well - you’ll need to drink the water,” arr. K. Ushinsky.

Folklore of the peoples of the world

Songs. “Gloves”, “Boat”, translated from English. S. Marshak; “We walked through the spruce forest”, trans. with Swedish I. Tokmakova; “What I Saw”, “Three Revelers”, trans. from French N. Gernet and S. Gippius; “Oh, why are you a lark.”, Ukrainian, arr. G. Litvak; “Snail”, mold., arr. I. Tokmakova.

Fairy tales. From the fairy tales of C. Perrault (French): “Puss in Boots”, trans., T. Gabbe; "Ayoga", Nanaisk, arr. D. Nagishkina; “Each one got his own”, Estonian, arr. M. Bulatova; “Blue Bird”, Turkmenistan, arr. A. Alexandrova and M. Tuberovsky; "White and Rosette", trans. with him. L. Kohn; "Most nice outfit in the world", trans. from Japanese V. Markova.

Works of poets and writers of Russia

Poetry. M. Voloshin. "Autumn"; S. Gorodetsky. "First snow"; M. Lermontov. "Mountain Peaks" (from Goethe); Yu. Vladimirov. "Orchestra"; G Sapgir. “Counting books, tongue twisters”; S. Yesenin. "Powder"; A. Pushkin “Winter! Peasant, triumphant." (from the novel “Eugene Onegin”, “Bird”; P. Solovyov. “Day Night”; N. Rubtsov. “About the Hare”; E. Uspensky. “A Scary Story”, “Memory”. A. Blok. “In the Meadow”) "; S. Gorodetsky. "Spring Song"; V. Zhukovsky "Lark" (abbr.); F. Tyutchev. " Spring waters"; A. Fet. “The willow is all fluffy” (excerpt); N. Zabolotsky. "On the river".

Prose. A. Kuprin. "Elephant"; M. Zoshchenko. "Great Travelers"; K. Korovin. “Squirrel” (abbr.); S. Alekseev. "First night ram"; N. Teleshov. “Uha” (abbr.); E. Vorobiev. "Broken Wire"; Yu. Koval. “Little Mermaid Herbalist”, “Hack”; E. Nosov. “Like a crow got lost on the roof”; S. Romanovsky. "Dancing".

Literary fairy tales. A. Pushkin, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”; A, Remizov. " Bread voice", "Swan geese"; K. Paustovsky. "Warm bread"; V. Dahl. “Old Year Old Man”; P. Ershov. "The Little Humpbacked Horse"; K. Ushinsky. "Blind Horse"; K. Dragunskaya. "The Cure for Obedience"; I. Sokolov-Mikitov. "Salt of the earth"; G. Skrebitsky. “Everyone in their own way.”

Works of poets and writers from different countries

Poetry. L. Stanchev. "Autumn Gamma", trans. from Bulgarian I. Tokmakova; B. Brecht. “Winter conversation through the window”, trans. with him. K. Oreshina; E. Lear. “Limericks” (“Once upon a time there was an old man from Hong Kong.”, “Once upon a time there was an old man from Winchester.”, “Once upon a time there lived an old woman on the mountain.”, “One old man from the side.”, translated from English by G. Kruzhkova.

Literary fairy tales. H. -K Andersen. "Thumbelina", " ugly duck» per. from date A. Hansen; F. Salten. "Bambi", trans. with him. Yu. Nagibina; A. Lindgren. "The Princess Who Wouldn't Play with Dolls", trans. with Swedish E. Solovyova; C. Topelius. "Three ears of rye", trans. with Swedish A. Lyubarskaya.

For learning by heart (at the choice of teachers) Y. Akim. "April"; P. Voronko. “There is no better native land”, trans. from Ukrainian S. Marshak; E. Blaginina. "Overcoat"; N. Gernet and D. Harms. "Very very tasty pie"; S. Yesenin. "Birch"; S. Marshak. “The young month is melting.”; E. Moshkovskaya. “We reached the evening”; V. Orlov. “You fly to us, little bird.”; A. Pushkin. “The sky was already breathing in autumn.” (from "Eugene Onegin"); N. Rubtsov. "About the hare"; I. Surikov. "Winter"; P. Solovyov. "Snowdrop"; F. Tyutchev. “It’s not for nothing that winter is angry” (by the teacher’s choice).

For reading in the faces of K. Aksakov. "Lizochek"; A. Freudenberg. "The Giant and the Mouse", trans. with him. Yu. Korintsa; D. Samoilov. “It’s Baby Elephant’s Birthday” (excerpts); L. Levin. "Box"; S. Marshak. “Catkind” (excerpts). additional literature

Fairy tales. “White Duck”, Russian, from the collection of fairy tales by A. Afanasyev; “The Boy with Thumb”, from the fairy tales of C. Perrault, trans. from French B. Dekhtereva.

Poetry. “Here comes the red summer.”, Russian. adv. song; A. Blok. "In the meadow"; N. Nekrasov. “Before the rain” (abbr.); A. Pushkin. “For spring, the beauty of nature.” (from the poem “Tortured”); A. Fet. "What an evening." (abbr.); S. Cherny. “Before Bed”, “The Wizard”; E. Moshkovskaya. “Cunning old ladies”, “What kind of gifts are there”; V. Berestov. "The Dragon"; E. Uspensky. "Memory"; L. Fadeeva. "Mirror in a Showcase"; I. Tokmakova. "I'm upset"; D. Harms. “The Cheerful Old Man”, “Ivan Toropyshkin”; M. Outrigger. "The Wise Men", trans. from Slovak R. Sefa. Prose. D. Mamin-Sibiryak. "Medvedko"; A. Raskin. “How dad threw the ball under the car”, “How dad tamed the dog”; M. Prishvin. "Chicken on poles"; Yu. Koval. "Shot".

Literary fairy tales. A. Usachev. “About the smart dog Sonya” (chapters); B. Potter. "The Tale of Jemima Diveluzha", trans. from English I. Tokmakova; M. Eme. "Colors", trans. from French I. Kuznetsova.

The idea of ​​the list is, rather, not methodological, not pedagogical, but of a parental nature. All parents think about the question of what exactly to read to their child, why and at what age. In addition, we ourselves have lines that we have loved since childhood, which we, as a reserved property, would like to pass on to our children and grandchildren. These lines are our common spiritual territory with children, the basis of future mutual understanding and signs of agreement.

Of course, the list of books for preschool reading is not limited to ten items. Here we had to limit our experts. There was one more limitation: everyone understands that Pushkin’s fairy tales, by definition, will be the first item on any list of literature. Therefore, we asked our experts not to include it in our list. Let us assume that the figure of Pushkin is invisibly present in our lives, including when compiling lists of literature.
So, book lists.

TRADITIONAL list of books for children

MODERN

CLASSICAL

HISTORICAL

FOR SPEECH DEVELOPMENT

FOR HOME LIBRARY

Article from the magazine Preschool Education 09-2012

There are a huge variety of books. Circle children's reading is also constantly updated and expanded. What should young parents do, how to choose books? It is impossible to re-read or purchase all the books, but there is a so-called “Golden Fund”, which contains the best books that will help a child develop comprehensively. Having experience with the best works, it’s easier to navigate modern books.

When choosing books to read to a preschooler, you should pay attention to the following points.

1 The most interesting information for any person is information about himself or something similar. Therefore, the main principle for choosing books for preschoolers will be the topic “About children”. Next - books about nature, animals, adventures, etc.

2. A book that an adult reads to a child should be liked by him. If you don’t like it, it’s better not to take it, it will be felt in your reading and will not cause the proper response from the child. Therefore, let’s conclude: try to read in advance what you are going to read to your child. Remember the books that were read to you as a child, ask your parents, ask your friends what they read to their children.

3. Each child is an individual. This means that the child’s interests may differ from yours. There is no need to lightly stuff the child with what he rejects. For example, your child categorically does not want to listen to your favorite book by N. Nosov, “The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends.” After several attempts, put off reading this book until next time. Look for something you like, offer it different variants, and you will definitely find something that your child will like, or wait until he “grows up” to the proposed book. Yes, it can be tedious, but you can’t do without it.

4 What is interesting to one child may not be to the liking of another. Do not be equal to others, choose what your child enjoys.

5. Select right time for reading. Don't force read. If a child wants to play or run around, provide him with this opportunity, and both evening and afternoon hours are suitable for reading. The main thing is that your reading does not become punishment, violence, or an unpleasant activity.

6. When reading a book, it is important to stop before the child gets bored. It’s better a little less, but regularly (every day for 10-15 minutes),

7 Rereading is very important for a preschooler. Don’t refuse to re-read your favorite book 5-10 times. Even an adult, when re-reading a work of fiction, notices new semantic nuances and features every time. For a preschooler, rereading creates a situation of comfort. He knows what will happen, enjoys the plot twists in advance and pays attention to individual words and phrases. We can say that a child who requires repeated rereading, from a literary point of view, behaves like a “correct” reader. Only such behavior makes it possible to penetrate into the essence of the work.

8. There is no strict distinction in reading to younger preschoolers and older ones. If your child’s experience has not included books for younger children, you and older children can calmly begin to introduce them to them. Those who have several children at home of different ages, you probably noticed how older people listen with pleasure to works for younger ones, actively perceive them, discuss them, pronounce them, thereby creating a very favorable situation of example and repetition, thereby helping the younger ones better understand their content,

If in early childhood children are not so much read to as told by heart, then from about 3-4 years old the kind of reading that everyone is accustomed to begins. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, intelligent families had a wonderful tradition of family reading, when children listened to adult works as their elders read them. Even A.S. Pushkin recalled the mesmerizing impression of such reading, although not everything was clear, but the impact was very strong and unforgettable. Over time, children developed a deeper understanding of the works that had become familiar to them since childhood,

We have the opportunity to make the process of getting to know literature easier for children by selecting books that are age-appropriate,

Literature from different eras, starting from the 19th century, is introduced into reading for children aged 4-6. Of course, the 19th century is quite far from our time, so some concepts are already outdated and require explanation. For example, in the fairy tales of A. S. Pushkin there are words such as “kichka”, “pillar noblewoman”, “spinning”, “boiled spelt”, “rent”. You can't do without a dictionary. But you shouldn’t deprive your children of such works. There is no need to be afraid that after listening to these works in preschool age, the child will not want to read them at school. Experience shows that a familiar plot only facilitates understanding and makes it possible to enjoy the literary word. Then the familiar words “Pushkin is a brilliant poet” become more understandable to the child

A, S. Pushkin: “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”, “The Tale of Tsar Saltan...”, landscape lyrics (excerpts) “ Winter morning», « Winter road" and etc.

S. T. Aksakov, fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower”.

V. F. Odoevsky; fairy tales “The Town and the Snuffbox”, “Moroz Ivanovich”.

I. A. Krylov; fables “Quartet”, “Monkey and Glasses”, “Dragonfly and Ant”, etc.

V. I. Dal: fairy tales “The Snow Maiden Girl”, “The Old Man of the Year”, “The Picky One”.

P. P. Ershov; fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse"

V. M. Garshin: fairy tale “The Frog Traveler.”

D, N. Mamin-Sibiryak: collection “Alyonushka’s Tales”, “Gray Neck”.

L. N. Tolstoy: stories and fairy tales “Bone”, “Bird”, “Shark”, “Jump”, “Filipok”, “Lipunyushka”, “The Lion and the Dog”, “Liar”, “How the Geese Saved Rome”, . “Three rolls and one Baranka.”

K. D. Ushinsky: stories and fairy tales “The Blind Horse”, “How the Shirt Grew in the Field”, “The Pranks of the Old Woman of Winter”, “Four Wishes”.

Poems by A. A. Fet, F. I. Tyutchev, N, A. Nekrasov, I 3 Surikov, M. Yu. Lermontov, mainly landscape lyrics, especially those that you personally like,

These are just the main names and works of the 19th century that can be read to preschoolers. But for all their attractiveness, they are not the main ones in children's reading circles. The basis is the classics - the golden fund of children's literature - literature of the 20th century, which was created professionally, taking into account children's needs and capabilities.

What to read for preschoolers from 20th century literature

Poems by classics of children's literature S. Ya. Marshak, K. I. Chukovsky, A. L. Barto, S. V. Mikhalkov. Surprisingly bright, kind poems by E. Blaginina, Z. Alexandrova, N. Sakonskaya, E. Serova, funny, humorous, even philosophical by R. Sefa, V. Orlov, Y. Akim, V. D. Berestov.

A special place in poetry for preschoolers is occupied by play poetry - poetry where they play with words. Poets play with words like children play with blocks.

Game poetry is the poems of D. Kharms (“Liar”, “Million”), Yu. D. Vladimirov (“Ninochka’s Shopping”), A. I. Vvedensky (“Horse”), B Zakhoder (“The Whale and the Cat”), E Uspensky (“Plasticine Crow.” “Memory”), G. Sapgir (“The Princess and the Ogre”), A. Usachev (“Zvukarik”), Tim Sobakin and others.

Vanya rode on a horse,

Led the dog on a belt,

And the old lady at this time

I washed the cactus on the window.

Vanya rode on a horse.

He was carrying a dog on a belt.

Well, the cactus at this time

Washed the old woman on the window.. (E. Uspensky “Memory”);

Currently, poems by poets of the 20th century and their contemporaries can be found quite easily both in collections (for example, “The Best Poems for Reading in Kindergarten”) and in books by individual authors. To get acquainted, it is better to take a collection, and then, if you like the author, you can find a book of his poems.

There are a huge number of prose works of the 20th century for preschoolers. Here are just a few of them:

M. Gorky: fairy tales “Sparrow”, “About Ivanushka the Fool”, “Samovar”

L. Panteleev: fairy tales “Fenka”, “Two Frogs”, stories “Coward”, “Honestly”, “About Squirrel and Tamara”, “How a girl taught a piglet to speak”, “The Letter - You”.

M. M. Zoshchenko: cycles of stories “Smart Animals”, “Cunning and Smart”, “Funny Stories”, “Lelya and Minka”. The most popular humorous stories are “Galoshes and Ice Cream”, “Great Travelers” (from the series “Lelya and Minka”)

K. G. Paustovsky: fairy tales: “The Disheveled Sparrow”, “Warm Bread”, stories “Basket with Fir Cones”, “Badger Nose”, “Hare Paws”, “The Thief Cat”.

Many adults have probably noticed how much preschoolers love to moralize, to talk about how that boy did something wrong and that girl did something wrong. This does not mean at all that they themselves act well and correctly, but the reasoning shows the importance of mastering moral standards for a child. Therefore, works with moral themes always evoke a sincere response in preschoolers. A writer who was able to present moral situations at a high artistic level is Valentina Aleksandrova Oseeva. Many parents, appreciating the pedagogical orientation of the works, have made her works a reference book; they constantly remember and quote them when similar situations arise with their own children.

V. A.. Oseeea: stories and fairy tales “The Good Housewife”, “Who is the stupidest of all?”, “Bad”, “Until the first rain”, “Cookies”, “ Magic word", "Girl with a doll", etc.

In the literature of the 20th century, problems of moral education were often raised. At the same time, the writers chose different genre forms to show your attitude to what is happening - a story, poem, fairy tale. However, the general direction remained the same - to raise a kind, sympathetic, responsible person.

E, D. Permyak: stories “Pichugin Bridge”, “Currant”, “Someone else’s gate”, “How Masha became big”, etc.

S. A. Baruzdin: stories about children (“Svetlana”, “Humans”), stories about animals (“Brave Piglet”, “Kitten’s Mom”, “Elephant Memory”, “Cunning Handsome”, “Ravi and Shashi”), "Tales of a Tram."

Often educational orientation manifested itself in a humorous situation. Wherein moral principle did not weaken at all, but on the contrary, intensified.

In V. Golyavkin: stories “Notebooks in the rain”, “Our conversations with Vovka”, “We are playing in Antarctica”, etc.

V, Yu. Dragunsky: stories: “He is alive and glowing”, “Childhood Friend”, “What I Love”, “Englishman Pavel”, “The Enchanted Letter” (collection “Deniska’s Stories”).

N, N. Nosov: stories “Dreamers”, “Telephone”, “ Mishkina porridge", "Live Hat", "Steps", "3-Patka", "Policeman", "On the Hill", the fairy tale "Bobik visiting Barbos".

Among educational literature, the most popular are, of course, natural history tales and stories. There are many wonderful authors to remember here. Let's remember some names.

V. Bianchi: fairy tales “The Fox and the Mouse”, “Mouse Peak”, “Owl”, “Whose Nose is Better”, “The First Hunt”, “Forest Houses”, “Teremok”.

E. Charushin: stories “Bear Cubs”, “Oleshki”, “Tomka’s Dreams”, a cycle of stories “Nikitka and his friends”, “About animals”, “About hunting”, “About myself”. By the way, E.I. Charushin is an illustrator for many natural history books, including his own,

N. Sladkov: fairy tales “Winter Summer”, “Winter Debts”, “Mysterious Beast”, “Tried and Tried”.

E. Shim: fairy tales “Who lost a hoof?” “Swan, crayfish and pike”, etc.

N. Pavlova, fairy tales “Winter Feast”, “Living Bead”, “Big Miracle”.

S. Sakharnov. fairy tales “Why the pike does not live in the sea”, “How the weasel learned to swim tail first”, etc.

E. Permyak: fairy tales “The Tricky Rug”, “Small Galoshes”, “Missing Threads”.

Natural history stories by G. Skrebitsky, G. Snegirev, V. Chaplina, O. Perovskaya help you feel like a real participant in the events described.

One of the main places in reading for preschoolers belongs to fairy tales. Both educational and artistic. Many of these works are familiar to you in one way or another, most often thanks to cartoons. Reading a book that has already been brought to life on screen helps you understand it better, find differences and try to understand what causes them.

A. Tolstoy: “The Adventures of Pinocchio, or the Golden Key.”

A. Volkov: “The Wizard of the Emerald City.”

T. Alexandrova: “Kuzka in the new house”, “Kuzka in the forest”, “Kuzka at Baba Yaga’s”, “Chest with books” (eight fairy tales for the little ones).

B. Zakhoder: “The Gray Star”, “The Little Mermaid”, “The Hermit and the Rose”, “The Story of the Caterpillar”, “Why Are the Fishes Silent”, “Ma-Tari-Kari”.

V. Kataev: “The flower is seven flowers.” "The pipe and the jug."

G, Oster: “38 parrots”, “A kitten named Woof”, “Gotcha who bit.”

E. Uspensky: “Down the Magic River”, “Gena the Crocodile and His Friends”, “Uncle Fyodor, the Dog and the Cat”.

M, Plyatskovsky: “Cloud in a Trough”, “Cunning Answer”, “What a Mushroom Looks Like”, “Long Neck”, “Hey You!”, “Medicinal Camera”, “The Rabbit Who Was Not Afraid of Nobody”, “Bumps” "

S. Prokofiev: “The Adventures of the Yellow Suitcase.” “While the Clock Strikes”, “Patchwork and a Cloud”, “The Magician’s Apprentice”, “Cuckoo Clock”.

S. Kozlov: “Shake! Hello!”, “I’m lying in the sun”, “Hedgehog in the fog”.

G. Tsyferov. "Locomotive from Romashkovo."

After reviewing this list of recommendations, review your library. What do you have? What should you take from the children's library? Adults are also enrolled in the children's library, so don't be alarmed. Ask your friends which books they have. Your efforts will not be in vain - your child will definitely like something.

Read with pleasure!

REVIEW PROGRAM FOR THE EXAM

INTRODUCTION

1.1.Children's literature is a unique field general literature. Principles. Specifics of children's literature.

Children's literature is part of general literature, possessing all its inherent properties, while being focused on the interests of child readers and therefore distinguished by artistic specificity, adequate to child psychology. Functional types of children's literature include educational and cognitive, ethical, and entertaining works.

Children's literature, as part of general literature, is the art of words. A. M. Gorky called children's literature “ sovereign"the area of ​​all our literature. And although the principles, tasks, artistic method literature for adults and children's literature are the same, the latter is unique to it inherent features, which can conditionally be called the specifics of children's literature.

Her peculiarities determined by educational objectives and the age of the readers. Main distinguishing feature her - organic fusion of art with the requirements of pedagogy. Pedagogical requirements mean, in particular, taking into account interests, cognitive abilities and age characteristics children.

The founders of the theory of children's literature - outstanding writers, critics and teachers - once spoke about the features of children's literature as the art of words. They understood that Children's literature is true art, and not a means of didactics. According to V. G. Belinsky, literature for children must be distinguished by the “artistic truth of creation,” that is, to be a phenomenon of art, A children's book authors must be widely educated people, standing at the level of advanced science of their time and having an “enlightened view of objects.”

The most talented teachers of all periods, demanding a truly figurative and emotional reflection of life in works addressed to children, did not deny the presence specific features children's literature, which are closely related to its pedagogical orientation. This means that children's literature should focus on the development of the child's aesthetic consciousness and the formation of his worldview.

Talking about age specificity of children's literature Several groups can be distinguished based on the age of the reader. The classification of literature for children follows the generally accepted age stages of human personality development:

1) nursery, junior preschool age when children, listening and looking at books, master various works of literature;

2) pre-preschool age, when children begin to master literacy and reading techniques, but, as a rule, for the most part remain listeners to works of literature, willingly looking at and commenting on drawings and text;

3) younger schoolchildren - 6-8, 9-10 years old;

4) younger teenagers - 10-13 years old; 5) teenagers (adolescence) - 13-16 years old;

6) youth - 16-19 years old.

Books addressed to each of these groups have their own characteristics.

Specifics of literature for children is determined by the fact that it is dealing with a person who knows almost nothing about the world around him and is not yet able to perceive complex information. For children of this age, there are picture books, toy books, folding books, panorama books, coloring books... Literary material for children - poems and fairy tales, riddles, jokes, songs, tongue twisters.

The “Reading with Mom” series, for example, is designed for children aged 1 year and older and includes cardboard books with bright illustrations depicting animals unfamiliar to the child. Such a picture is accompanied either simply by the name of the animal, which the child gradually remembers, or by a short poem that gives an idea of ​​who is depicted in the picture. In a small volume- often only one quatrain - you need to fit maximum knowledge, wherein words must be extremely specific, simple, offers- short and correct, because listening to these poems, child learns to speak. At the same time, the poem should give the little reader bright image , indicate on characteristic features described object or phenomenon.

Another one characteristic literature for little ones - predominance of poetic works. This is no coincidence: the child’s mind is already familiar with rhythm and rhyme - let’s remember lullabies and nursery rhymes - and therefore it is easier to perceive information in this form. In addition, a rhythmically organized text gives the little reader a holistic, complete image and appeals to his syncretic perception of the world, characteristic of early forms thinking.

Features of literature for preschoolers

After three years reading range changes somewhat: gradually the simplest books with short poems, they are replaced by more complex poems based on game plots, for example, “Carousel” or “Circus” by S. Marshak. Range of topics naturally expands along with the little reader’s horizons: the child continues to get acquainted with new phenomena of the surrounding world. Growing readers with their rich imagination are especially interested in everything unusual, so poetic fairy tales become a favorite genre of preschoolers: children “from two to five” are easily transported into a fictional world and get used to the proposed game situation.

The best example of such books is still the fairy tales of K. Chukovsky: V game form, in a language accessible and understandable to children, they talk about complex categories, about how the world works in which a little person will live.

At the same time, preschoolers, as a rule, get acquainted and With folk tales , at first these are tales about animals ("Teremok", "Kolobok", "Turnip", etc.), and later fairy tales with complex plot twists, transformations and journeys and an invariable happy ending, the victory of good over evil.

Literature for junior schoolchildren

Gradually, books begin to play an increasingly important role in a child’s life. He learns to read independently, requires stories, poems, fairy tales about his peers, about nature, animals, about technology, about the life of different countries and peoples. Those. specifics of literature for younger schoolchildren determined growth of consciousness and expansion of the range of interests of readers. Works for children aged seven to ten years are full of new information. complex order, in connection with this, their volume increases, the plots become more complex, and new topics appear. For changing poetic tales fairy tales, stories about nature, about school life come.

The specificity of children's literature should be expressed not so much in the choice of special “children’s” topics, and even served in isolation from real life, how much in the features of the composition and language of the works.

The plot of children's books usually has clear core, does not give sharp retreats. For him characteristic, usually, fast change of events and entertaining.

Revealing the characters' personalities should be carried out objectively and visibly, through their deeds and actions, since the child is most attracted to the actions of the heroes.

Book language requirements for children connected with the task of enriching the vocabulary of the young reader. Literary language, precise, imaginative, emotional, warmed by lyricism, most consistent with the characteristics of children's perception.

So, about the specifics of children's literature we can say on the basis that it deals with the emerging consciousness and accompanies the reader during a period of intense spiritual growth. Among main features of children's literature you can note informational and emotional saturation, entertaining form And a unique combination of didactic and artistic components.

Being an integral part of fiction, literature for children, with its specific means, contributes to education of the younger generation.

Such writers of the 19th century as N.G. Chernyshevsky spoke about the role of children's literature in raising a child. and Odoevsky V.F.

N.G Chernyshevsky noted that Children's literature develops character traits in a child. He demanded a respectful attitude towards children, arguing that a child strives to be an active participant in life and is capable of understanding much more than adults usually think. The author acted as a consistent fighter for the inclusion in children’s reading of the necessary talented works for personal development.

V.F. Odoevsky believed that it is necessary to educate a child, first of all, as a person and a humanist. He believed that it was Literature has the power to awaken a child's mind and heart.

Values literary reading as a means of moral and aesthetic education and mental development of children were considered in the works of L.S. Vygotsky, A.V. Zaporozhets, A.N. Leontyeva and others. Scientists point out that knowledge of life through literature is not by simple acquaintance with its phenomena, but by fully experiencing them.

IN modern conditions children's perception is worried now unprecedented pressure video, audio and printing products of a commercial and entertainment nature, mostly devoid of any national spirit, affecting the most superficial, primitive level of emotions and requiring almost no mental effort for perception. Reliance in educational activities on the best examples of Russian and foreign children's literature, which conveys all the richness and diversity of the world, allowing one to fully think and feel, is recognized today as urgent need.

A children's book should first of all capture the child's imagination. “Children understand and remember not with reason and memory, but imagination and fantasy"- wrote Belinsky. Dobrolyubov believes that imagination is “the ability that operates most powerfully in childhood.”

B.M. Teplov also views literature as a strong source of development of feelings and imagination. It arouses in the child excitement, sympathy and empathy for the characters, empathy for the events described. As the author notes, in the process of this empathy certain relationships and moral assessments are created. The perception of art must begin with feeling; without it it is impossible.

To captivate a child's imagination, the work must be written in an entertaining way. This is achieved through a dynamic and emotional narrative, an effective plot, an active hero, and living, figurative language.

Belinsky argued that children look for drama, action, movement, “stories and stories” in literature. Adventures, secrets, exploits, acute conflicts, inversion in composition, deliberate delaying of the denouement, and the drama of the events described contribute to the entertainment of the work for children.

In a book for adults or children, the main thing is artistic image. To the extent that the writer succeeds in creating an image (in particular, a hero, real or fairy-tale, but certainly full-blooded), so will his work reach the mind and heart of the child. A small child responds most easily to simple stories about people close to him and familiar things, about nature. Another feature of the baby book is the maximum specificity of the image. As the Czech poet Jan Olbracht said, “for children one should write not ‘a bird sat on a tree’, but ‘a bunting sat on a tree’.”

An integral feature of children's literature is its optimism. K. Chukovsky wrote about the desire small child preserve "harmony" modern world"and insistently demanded happy endings in books.

A few words about language of children's books. For young children, you should write extremely clearly and precisely and at the same time very figuratively.

Here is how S. Ya. Marshak says in the language of children's books: “If the book has a clear and complete plot, if the author is not an indifferent recorder of events, but a supporter of some heroes of the story and an enemy of others, if the book has a rhythmic movement, and not a dry rational sequence , if the moral conclusion from the book is not free application, and a natural consequence of the whole course of events, and even if in addition to all this the book can be acted out in your imagination, like a play, or turned into an endless epic, inventing more and more continuations for it, this means that the book is written in real children's language language."

In a children's book there is always a full-fledged co-writer - artist. A young reader can hardly be captivated by solid letter text without pictures. The fact is that a child receives his first information about the world not verbally, but visually and auditorily. He comes to book treasures having first mastered the speech and “language” of the subject environment. The child masters the first book precisely as an object; its probable fate is to die in his hands. Getting familiar with a book means for a child the beginning of an independent intellectual life.

At first, the properties of a book appear to him through the combination of drawings and texts in picture books, toy books, and the visual image is more familiar and attractive than the verbal one. But as soon as the child crosses the threshold of difficulty in perceiving the entire text, the drawing will already play a supporting role, since its capabilities are limited by one-sided perception. Note that the younger the child, the more he wants to enliven the picture, to make it “answer” him. Pet a puppy or hit an angry wolf in a picture, draw something or crumple up a page - children know many ways to come into contact with a static image, be it a drawing or a toy. In this endeavor, a literary image, plastically adjusted by the imagination, with an inviting vacuum that one is so happy to fill with one’s own “I,” turns out to be a more suitable object.

Strictly speaking, children's literature is something created by masters of words especially for children. But also, young readers take a lot from general literature(for example, fairy tales by A.S. Pushkin, fables by I.A. Krylov, songs by A.V. Koltsov, works of folklore, etc.). This gives rise to another term - "children's reading", i.e. range of works that are read by children. These two concepts are sometimes crossed, since there are works of general literature that we no longer separate from children's literature. Usually children's reading goes beyond the usual range of children's literature. In a number of cases, writers themselves prepare their books for children’s publication (A.M. Gorky, A.S. Neverov, A.N. Tolstoy, A.A. Fadeev).

There has been a struggle for a long time for expanding the range of children's reading. It was started by N.I. Novikov, V.G. Belinsky, N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.A. Dobrolyubov, K.D. Ushinsky and continued A.M. Gorky, V.V. Mayakovsky, S.Ya. Marshak, A.N. Tolstoy and other writers. This is a deeply fundamental struggle, since we are talking about the gradual, persistent, consistent introduction of the child to life, about the formation of his aesthetic ideal. IN children's reading circle includes:

1) works of oral creativity of the peoples of the Russian Federation and other peoples of the world;

2) pre-revolutionary classical literature (Russian, peoples of Russia and foreign);

3) modern literature(Russian, peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign).

The range of children's reading changes with each era. Its composition depends on many factors. Are changing historical conditions, and with them there are changes in social, religious and family traditions children's reading.

The purpose of children's literature is to be artistic and educational reading for a child.. This purpose determines the important functions that it is called upon to perform in society:

1. Children's literature, like literature in general, belongs to the field of the art of words. This determines its aesthetic function. It is associated with a special kind of emotion that arises when reading literary works. Children are capable of experiencing aesthetic pleasure from what they read no less than adults. The child happily immerses himself in the fantasy world of fairy tales and adventures, empathizes with the characters, feels the poetic rhythm, and enjoys sound and verbal play. Children understand humor and jokes well. Not realizing the conventions of the artistic world created by the author, children fervently believe in what is happening, but such faith is the true triumph of literary fiction. We enter the world of the game, where we are simultaneously aware of its conventions and believe in its reality.

2. Cognitive(epistemological) function literature is to introduce the reader to the world of people and phenomena. Even in those cases when the writer takes a child into the world of the impossible, he talks about the laws of human life, about people and their characters. This is done through artistic images that have a high degree of generalization. They allow the reader to see the natural, typical, universal in a single fact, event or character.

3. Moral(educational) function inherent in all literature, since literature comprehends and illuminates the world in accordance with certain values. We are talking about both universal and universal values, and local ones associated with a specific time and specific culture.

4. Since its inception, children's literature has served didactic function. The purpose of literature is to introduce the reader to the universal values ​​of human existence.

The functions of children's literature determine its importance role in society - develop and educate children through the means of artistic expression. This means that literature for children largely depends on the ideological, religious, and pedagogical attitudes existing in society.