Read stories for children 2-3 years old. Stories about nature

Onions are a favorite crop that is easy to grow and easy to store.

Exists great amount dishes that cannot be prepared without onions. And although it is inexpensive, many housewives prefer to grow their own onions - environmentally friendly and tasty.

Some onion varieties are valued for their good harvest, others for their early ripening, others for their excellent taste, and others for their unpretentiousness and resistance to cold. Some varieties of onions are used exclusively for forcing greens, while others are good for producing bulbs.

Methods of growing onions

For 1 summer season. You can get onions by planting seeds in early spring or using seedlings.

In 12 months. For this purpose, winter sowing is used.

In 2 years. We grow onion sets on next year turning it into an onion.

Planting onions before winter

Popular types of onions

- Onion. It has long, tubular, hollow leaves that are bright green in color. The bulbs are quite large in diameter, with yellow, white, and sometimes purple husks. It has a pungent odor and pungent taste. Used in cooking, used in folk medicine. It is relatively unpretentious in cultivation.

- Shallot. It has narrow, long leaves with thick walls. The bulbs are often small, oval or round, white, less often pale purple. The greens taste pleasant, with a slightly pungent aftertaste and a delicate aroma. Shallot bulbs are soft and juicier than those of onions. Shallots are used in folk medicine, as they contain calcium, potassium, iron, carotene and vitamins C, PP, B1. Tolerates unfavorable conditions and is cold-resistant.

- Batun. A perennial plant, it has a false stem instead of bulbs, and the leaves reach a length of up to 50 cm. Onion leaves begin to grow in spring and grow until autumn frosts. The plant is cold-resistant, so it can overwinter in the ground. Batun is rich in vitamins, minerals and salts. You can harvest up to three times during one summer.

- Leek. This is a biennial plant. Its homeland is Asia, from there it migrated to the Mediterranean. In Russia, leeks are especially popular.

The following types of onions are also in demand today: chives, slime, wild garlic (bear's wild garlic), blue and giant onions.

How to prepare a place for onions

The soil is dug up in the fall, weeds are removed and fertilized. In the spring, when the snow melts, the soil is loosened with a rake or dug up before sowing onions, leaving the structure of the lower layers of the soil intact, which helps retain moisture in it.

When planting, you must follow the rules of crop rotation. Only after 3 years can the onion be returned to its old place. It is recommended to plant onions in places where previous year grew: potatoes, early cabbage, rye, cucumbers and tomatoes.

Planting onions

Preparing onions for planting, processing onion sets before planting

Onions can be safely planted next to carrots, beets, radishes and cucumbers. Also nearby may be dill, parsley and spinach (the latter should be moved away from the legumes).

Watering and fertilizing

With weak onion growth and slow plant development, it is fed. To do this, you need to take 30 g of superphosphate, 15 g of potassium chloride and 15 g of ammonium nitrate per bucket of water, which is designed for 1 square meter of bed.

How to grow onions for feathers

How to plant onions on a feather

When using bulbs as planting material, they must be soaked in water before planting. They are selected with a diameter of 2.5-47 cm and the top is cut off. This helps to increase the amount of greens by 55-75%.

You can grow onions from purchased seeds, which do not need to be prepared for planting: they are sold pre-processed. Seeds, like bulbs, must first be soaked in warm water, which stimulates growth.

How to grow onions

Growing onions for feathers in winter

Growing onions in the ground or substrates. You should select a container with a height of no more than 6 cm. You can use 2 containers, alternating planting times. Garden soil is calcined in the oven or spilled with a strong solution of potassium permanganate, then with water.

How to preserve the onion harvest?

1) Proper drying harvest. The process takes place in 3 stages:

Drying onions in the garden;

Peeling onions, cutting off areas affected by infections;

Drying vegetables at a temperature of 30-35 degrees outside the garden bed.

How to braid bows

2) Onions should be stored in a dry, sufficiently ventilated area. Air temperature is from 0 to 20 degrees, and humidity is 60-70%.

3) Ripe, not overripe bulbs are usually selected for long-term storage. Their scales should be peeling off and there should be no signs of disease or injury.

The editors of the site hope that the tips given will help you get a good harvest from your onion beds. Read about how to protect it from diseases and pests in our next article.
Subscribe to our channel in Yandex.Zen

Today we will talk about such healing and useful plant like an onion. How to approach cultivation correctly onions to get a rich, good harvest? In fact, the task is not difficult: you need time, your desire and knowledge about this process and the characteristics of the culture. I hope my article will come in handy and help you achieve good results from your friendship with onions.

In Europe, cultivation occurs using seeds. Agronomists develop unique varieties that, with proper care, give excellent results. Summer residents of our country also use this technology.

Popular variety

Pay attention to the planting material that you will use, because a good turnip will not turn out just because of proper care. Onion varieties should be chosen early and early ripening, for example: Olina, Zolotnichok, Odintsovets, hybrid Mars. Mid-season varieties like Carmen and Shetana are good; they can grow well in cold regions climate zone, ripen at the beginning of harvest.

Ways to grow homemade onions

In our country, the most common method is to grow a crop for two years. To begin with, gardeners in the first year are engaged in growing onion sets from seeds: that is, small bulbs that in the future will serve as planting material and produce a harvest.

Don't have time for this? You can buy sevok without any problems. Homemade onions are also grown from nigella, planted in spring or before winter. Note that in the last version the bulbs will be the largest and earliest.

Where to start growing a good harvest of onions?

Compliance with the rules of agricultural technology (watering on time, loosening the rows, feeding the plants) and applying the secrets of gardeners will help answer the question: “How to grow large onions and turnips?”

• Preparing the site for planting onions

The place for planting onions must be chosen in advance and prepared. This culture cannot be planted in the same bed, and after several years. Otherwise the harvest will not be good. Grow the crop in an area where vegetables have already grown and the soil is rich in fertilizers.

If there is no suitable site, we will prepare the soil in advance: after harvesting, we import manure humus at the rate of approximately 5 kg per 1 m2, one tablespoon of superphosphate, one teaspoon of nitrophoska, a couple of tablespoons of chalk and dig it up. When planting in peat soil, buy phosphorus fertilizers.

Many gardeners prefer to use only organic ones: manure humus and ash. When spring comes, from the beginning of April, dig up the soil in the beds again and be sure to water if the soil is dry.

• Preparing the beds for onions

Consider the Chinese method of planting onions. It consists in creating a kind of ridges: at a distance of thirty centimeters from each other, we make 2-3 ridges on each bed, the height of which is no more than 15 cm. Moreover, with further care you need to use only root watering.

When planting onions in the usual way - flush with the soil - we make rows instead of ridges, the distance between which is also 20-30 cm, and between the bulbs - 10-15 cm.
If you want to get a high-quality harvest, there is no need to cut off the feathers. Let them turn yellow useful material will go into our bulbs.

• Preparing onion sets

Onion sets or selections should be heated in a warm place (near a radiator or stove) to 45° C maximum a couple of weeks before planting to avoid neck rot, downy mildew and bolting.

Onion scales, which protect it from diseases, must be removed before planting, as they can release substances that inhibit growth into the soil. In addition, it is necessary to cut off the dry part of the neck and soak it in warm water for a day.

Methods for planting onions

With the onset of April, we select large onions (1.5 cm in diameter) and begin the planting process, taking into account weather conditions and suitable days for lunar calendar to get early green feathers.

Planting onions in Chinese

Plant onion sets at a distance of 15 cm and a depth of 3 cm, pressing each bulb tightly with soil. After a couple of weeks, feed by taking mullein or bird droppings pre-diluted five times (proportion 1 to 12, otherwise the entire onion will burn).

In the absence of moisture, provide abundant water up to 3 times in the first month. Don't forget to loosen the soil and remove weeds. Chinese peasants use the operation of removing soil from ridges into ditches between rows. At the same time, the sun warms and dries the exposed bulbs well, which prevents the hatching of pest larvae and, accordingly, protects your future harvest.

The second root feeding occurs in mid-July and is done using organic and mineral fertilizers (3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water, or you can take superphosphate, 2 tablespoons and 2 teaspoons of potassium chloride), using five liters of liquid per 1 m2.

We repeat the loosening process a month before harvesting, and stop watering just a couple of weeks before. If there are unripe bulbs, then cut the roots to a depth of 6 cm with a shovel within 1 week.

With conventional planting, the only difference is in the methods of watering and loosening, and the timing and timing of fertilizing are the same.

Cleaning and storing onions

Harvesting occurs in the second half of August or the very beginning of September according to the lunar calendar. Do not delay the timing, because after 1.5 weeks the onion begins to grow again and becomes unsuitable for further storage. In case of late harvest, you can burn the bottom of the bulbs over the fire, but it is not recommended to plant it in the future.

Using the “on ridges” method, cleaning is not difficult; you don’t even need to shake the bulbs off the ground. Place the onion in the sun in good weather, then after a couple of days cut off the feathers with the remaining roots, leaving a 4 cm neck. The onion can be dried again using a heating device at 35°C.
Mesh bags - great option for storing onions at room temperature.

How to grow large onions. Features that need to be taken into account.

Let's summarize the basic rules for growing large onions and turnips:

• if your planting material is of poor quality, then prepared soil and good watering will not help achieve results;
• do not buy large sets, normal size: 1-1.5 cm;
• do not forget about proper storage, so buy it in the fall;
• do not rush with early planting: a green arrow will quickly appear, but you will not get a large onion;
• we plant the onion at soil level, it will begin to grow in width;
• the onion fly is a terrible pest, so we plant it a week after the cherries bloom;
• good watering is needed only at the stage of leaf formation, and about a month before harvesting we stop watering altogether;
• provide air access, so loosen the soil up to seven times per season;
• do not forget to feed the plants with mullein solution;
• To get large onions, it is not recommended to completely remove the onion feathers.

Thus, by following these tips, you can get not only juicy greens, but also an excellent harvest of large onions.

As always, I hope you find this material useful. Remember, if the goal is to obtain large bulbs and a good volume of harvest, work conscientiously with maximum efficiency. The result will not take long to arrive!

It is difficult to imagine our menu without onions; it is no coincidence that every gardener strives to plant this vegetable in his garden. Growing onions for turnips has its own specifics, and if you know all the techniques of agricultural technology and properly care for the plants, the yields will always be high.

Growing and caring for onions: features

Many people are interested in how to grow onions per head? At the same time, everyone wants to get large, beautiful turnip bulbs. This is possible if you plant sets and onion selections. By autumn proper care they will grow into large onions.

You can get onions for turnips from seeds (directly into the soil or through seedlings), but in this case, to obtain a large onion in one year, you need to select the appropriate onion varieties. And so the traditional scheme is when in the first year they sow nigella, get a set, and then grow turnips from it the next season.

Growing onions per head can be done different ways. Some people buy seedlings, others prefer to grow their own - it all depends on desire, capabilities and time availability. In addition, it is not always possible to buy the exact variety of onion that you want to grow yourself. At the same time, the range of seeds presented in the store is very diverse, and you can choose the variety you like and sow nigella. But then for breeding, you can grow your own seeds of your favorite variety.

How to grow good onion sets from nigella

To get your own high-quality seedlings, you will have to start growing it from seeds. In the south, you can sow nigella directly into open ground; in the northern regions, it is best to grow onions through seedlings.

ON A NOTE! Nigella no older than two years has the best germination rate.

Seeds intended for sowing are calibrated, then placed for disinfection in a solution of potassium permanganate (about 30 minutes). To obtain friendly and strong shoots, seeds can be soaked in any stimulant for growth. After which they are placed in a damp cloth for germination for a couple of days, then slightly dried and sown.

IMPORTANT! The listed procedures for preparing seed material are carried out both for seeds that will be sown in open ground and for sowing seedlings.

The timing of sowing nigella depends on the climate of the area, as well as the weather conditions of a particular year. But usually nigella is sown on ridges around mid-to-late April, the main thing is that the soil is warmed up. For seedlings, sowing dates are chosen based on the fact that seedlings when planted in open ground must be 60 days old and have 3-4 true leaves.

Furrows are made in the prepared beds, then prepared seeds are sown in them or seedlings are planted. When sowing nigella, it is difficult to control the density of seedlings, so after the sprouts appear, it will be necessary to thin out. If everything is done correctly, the seeds will quickly sprout.

• loosening;
• mandatory weeding;
• watering the onions.

Water the onions not often, about once every 7-8 days, depending on the weather. For feeding, you can use mullein diluted in water (1:10) or complex fertilizers.

IMPORTANT! As soon as the bulb sets begin to form (in July), watering should be stopped. They also stop feeding the plants.

In the second half of summer (from the end of July to the beginning of September), the feathers of the onions turn yellow, lie down, the neck of the onions becomes thin, and this is a signal - the onions can be harvested. Carefully dig up the onions, shake off the soil and lay them out to dry, first on a ridge, and then under a shed or in the attic.

After this drying stage, the leaves are cut off, leaving a small neck, and the onion is dried for about 14 days at a higher temperature - up to + 30 o C. Then it is kept for about 10-12 hours at + 40 o C, and then sorted and put away for winter storage .

The best seed for future sowing is with a diameter of 1.5 to 2 cm. Smaller specimens can dry out over the winter, larger ones, with juicy internal scales, although they are used for sowing (the so-called selections), are not distinguished by yield.

The sowing is stored in boxes, baskets, drawers at a temperature from 10 to 24-25 o C.

IMPORTANT! In boxes and crates, the seedlings are poured in a layer of no more than 6 cm, and in baskets and bags with onions store no more than 3 kg.

Usually gardeners know how to grow onions for turnips from sets, but not everyone succeeds in preserving them without loss for subsequent planting. But following simple recommendations will allow you to avoid damage to the sets and begin planting turnips in the spring.

ON A NOTE! Small heads of sets can be planted on turnips before winter, thereby avoiding problems with storage, and at the same time getting early produce in the spring.

Growing turnip onions from sets in open ground

The most popular and accessible way for everyone to grow onions for turnips is to grow them from sets. Planting and caring in open ground will not require much trouble, the main thing is to follow the basic rules.

Preparing space for onions

In the fall, the ridge where the seedlings are planned to be planted is carefully dug up. If the soil is poor, then humus or compost (0.5 buckets per square meter) and wood ash should be added. Doesn't like onions large quantity organic matter, so fertilizer application rates must be observed. Also, fresh manure is never applied to onion plantings.

The ridge should be in a sunny place, where groundwater does not fit, there is no stagnation of moisture. The best soils are sandy loam and loamy; on acidic soils, add dolomite flour or fluff lime.

Preparing bulb sets for planting

In the spring, the seedlings are taken out of bags and boxes and sorted again. Large (more than 2.5 cm) sets are planted separately; greens can be taken from these plants. A medium-sized set is intended for turnips.

The planting material is first heated for about 7 hours at a temperature of up to 40 o C. Then the bulbs are soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate (for 20-30 minutes) or any growth stimulator (for about two hours).

When to plant onions on a head from a set? The timing depends on the location, climate, and weather conditions. But the soil should be warmed up to about 12-14ºC.

Planting onions on a head in spring

How to plant onion sets? On the prepared ridge, rows are made (the distance between them is at least 30-40 cm), where the bulbs are carefully planted. The distance between them should be at least 6 cm, the depth depends on the size of the set. When planting, the “tail” of the bulb should be slightly visible above the surface.

Usually the first sprouts appear within 8-10 days, but here everything depends on the quality of the planting material and weather conditions.

How to water onions

This vegetable crop does not require a large amount of water when growing. The plant needs moisture in the first half of the growing season, when the feather is growing and the mass of the bulb is increasing.

How often do you water onions and turnips in the garden? Usually, plants are watered no more than once a week (in hot weather), with the obligatory loosening of the soil.

A month before the expected harvest date, you should stop watering the onions. You also need to stop feeding. All that remains is loosening, which prevents the appearance of a hard crust on the soil surface.

How to feed an onion head

Experienced gardeners know from their own experience that if the soil in the ridges has been well fertilized, then the onions will not particularly need fertilizing in the summer season. But if there is slow growth and pale feathers, then fertilizers are needed.

How to properly feed onions to turnips?

The first feeding of onions on turnips is carried out when the set already has 3-4 true leaves. Use complex fertilizers (according to instructions), as well as diluted mullein (1:10) or bird droppings (1:20). You can use a special fertilizer for onions (sold in stores) for foliar feeding.

The second time you need to feed with wood ash or phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Nitrogen is excluded, since during this period the plant grows the bulb and potassium and phosphorus will be more useful. The feeding regime should be strict, and the plants should not be overfed.

IMPORTANT! The feathers of turnip sets grown for turnips are not cut off!

For greenery, they use selections, which are best planted in a separate garden bed.

Weeding

Everyone knows that onions, like all vegetables, need to be weeded. But, unfortunately, gardeners do not always have enough time for this. Meanwhile, weeds can not only cause poor onion growth and a decrease in its yield. They create high humidity, which is detrimental to vegetables and very attractive to various pests and diseases. Also, turnips that grow in beds with weeds will usually have a large and thick neck, and such bulbs do not store well in winter.

Weeds must be removed manually, preferably after rains or watering, when the soil is moist.

Pests and diseases of onion

Many people ask how to grow large onions, get a good harvest and avoid the use of “chemicals” in the garden. Regarding the application of fertilizers, it was said above, but what about diseases and pests?

The most important thing is to carry out prevention, as well as follow the rules of agricultural technology, and then you will not have to use toxic drugs.

Most often, turnip onions are affected various types rot, as well as downy mildew. What to do for prevention, how to prevent onion disease?

1. Seeds should be planted on prepared beds, avoiding dense plantings.
2. You cannot grow onions for several years in a row in one place. Optimally, return to your previous place in about three to four years.
3. When watering, you need to carefully water the plants, and then immediately loosen the soil.
4. When growing onions, mulching the soil is used, which helps retain moisture and prevent the appearance of weeds.
5. Be sure to remove diseased or weakened plants, as well as those where the feathers turn yellow.
6. Compliance with the dose of fertilizer will also stop diseases (this is especially true for nitrogen, an excess amount of which negatively affects the condition of the bulbs).

Good results are obtained by treating the sets before planting with a solution of potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, and warming up the bulbs. You can also spray the plants on the beds (when the leaves are approximately 14-15 cm) with copper oxychloride (a teaspoon per bucket of water).

Plants that are grown to produce feathers for greens cannot be subjected to such treatment.

Regular loosening and special mixtures help well against pests - onion flies, thrips, onion moths:

• tobacco dust and lime (mix in equal quantities and dust the onions);
• tobacco dust and ground black pepper;
• ash.

Also, onion plantings can be saved with salt water, composition: 200 grams of ordinary table salt are diluted in a bucket of water. It is necessary to water carefully, not allowing water to get on the onion feathers.

Why did the bow go into arrow?

In addition to leaves, onions can produce a peduncle, or, as they say, shoot into arrows. Seeds - nigella - ripen in the basket of the peduncle.

But if onions are grown for turnips, then arrows are completely unnecessary. They take away nutrients and prevent the formation of a full and strong bulb. What to do if there are arrows? If this is observed, then the flower stalks should be cut off.

And in order to prevent shooting, you must follow a number of rules:

• when storing bulbs in winter, sudden changes in temperature should be avoided;
• use only high-quality seed material;
• warm up the seedlings before planting them on the beds (especially for purchased bulbs);
• do not plant large onions on turnips - selections, since they are the ones that most often go into the shoot;
• plant the seedlings, observing the deadlines and always in warm soil;
• Water the onions correctly, avoiding excessive moisture. In case of bad summer, watering should be completed a month before harvesting the onions.

If there is a peduncle, it is cut off or broken off at the base. After breaking out the arrow, the torn peduncle is thrown away. But we must continue to monitor these plants, as there may be repeated flower stalks. These arrows are also broken out or cut off, and then, during storage, these are the bulbs that are used for food in the first place.

How to speed up the ripening of onions

It happens that gardeners want to speed up the ripening of onions. This is due to bad weather conditions, prolonged rains, and lower temperatures.

What can be done and what accelerating measures can be taken?

1. Trim the roots of the turnip at approximately a depth of 5-6 cm from the bottom.
2. In about 10-12 days, for accelerated ripening, you can slightly expose the bulbs by raking away the soil from them. You should also finish watering the onions a month in advance.

Many people are interested in whether it is possible to completely cut off the leaves of growing onions to speed up ripening? No, this cannot be done, even if the feather is already turning yellow, since pruning will only lead to a deterioration in the quality of the bulbs and their rotting.

Harvest

When to harvest onions? The timing depends on the variety, weather conditions, and agricultural technology, but in general, onions are harvested from the ridges from the beginning of August to the beginning of September. Readiness is determined by the following criteria:

• the feather turns yellow;
• mass lodging of leaves begins;
• the bulbs are fully formed in size and have the outer scales characteristic of a particular variety. Depending on the variety, they can be yellow, red, or white.

When lodging and yellowing of the feathers, you should not be late in harvesting the turnips, since the onions can take root again in 10-14 days. Then it will be unsuitable for storage.

As soon as the feather turns yellow, the turnip is removed from the beds. Choose a dry and clear day for this, carefully digging out the bulbs and shaking off the soil from them. Then they are laid out directly on the beds to dry, and after that they are put under a canopy.

ON A NOTE! It is not recommended to immediately tear off or cut off the onion feather; do this later, when the leaves completely turn yellow, dry, and the neck is thin. If you tear off the leaves too early, the bulbs may become infected and rot.

The onions are dried under a shed or in the attic for about two weeks, then the leaves are cut off and laid out again to dry. The temperature should already be a little higher - up to 30 o C, the period is about a week.

If storage in braids is intended, then the leaves are not cut off at all. A properly grown and well-dried turnip that is ready for wintering will have one layer of new scales in about two weeks.

After thorough drying, the onions are placed in boxes, bags or baskets and stored at room temperature.

Now, having learned how to grow onions for turnips, you will always have good harvests of this useful crop.