Arkady Gaidar short biography for children. Military secret of Arkady Gaidar

The well-known author of “Chuk and Gek” and other interesting works, Arkady Gaidar (Golikov), was born on January 9 (22), 1904 in the small village of Lgov not far from Kursk. His father taught a lot, and his mother often helped him in class. In the evenings, Arkady's dad often stood at the workbench, remembering his father's craft. In 1908, the family moved to Varikha, a small village near an oil refinery, and in 1912 Arkasha and his parents settled in Arzamas, where his mother was just offered a position as a paramedic in one of the city’s hospitals.

After 2 years, the boy enters the Arzamas real school. It was at this time, when his father went to fight, that Arkasha became responsible for the life in the house and the care of his younger sisters. The boy was well read beyond his years. His most favorite writers were Gogol, Pushkin, Tolstoy. He also enjoyed authority among his peers. When the civil war began, Arkady, hiding his age, went to fight against the White Guards. By the age of 17, he already had 2 shell shocks and fought on three fronts. After studying at the Shotgun Higher Shooting School, the young man receives a new assignment. And 1921 becomes a turning point for him, since M.N. Tukhachevsky appoints Arkady Stepanovich regiment commander. At that time he was seventeen years and five months old. But the illness that arose after the concussion began to worry Golikov more and more.

And in 1923 he had to demobilize from the troops. On the advice of Frunze, who discovered the talent of the future writer, Golikov began his literary career. Readers saw his first work, “In the Days of Defeats and Victories,” in 1925 in one of the Leningrad almanacs. Then the writer leaves for Perm, where he continues to create, but only under the pseudonym Gaidar. Soon such books as “The Fourth Dugout” and “School” appeared.

In 1932, Gaidar began working as a correspondent, but did not stop publishing his works for children. This is how “Distant Countries”, “Military Secret”, “The Fate of the Drummer” appeared. With his books, the writer helped the younger generation grow up brave and hardworking. Yes, he himself was just as brave, courageous and honest.

In the first days of the 1941 war, Gaidar went to the front and worked there as a journalist for the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. In addition, he was a machine gunner in a partisan detachment. However, the brave and courageous Gaidar was killed in one of the battles in October 1941. For his feat, Arkady Petrovich was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, in 1965. His works are still read by both children and adults, some of them are even studied in the school curriculum.

More details

In the town of Lgov, on January 9, 1904, the famous writer of short stories and stories for children, Arkady Petrovich Gaidar, was born. His parents were participants in revolutionary actions against local authorities.

The family of the future writer moved to Arzamas in 1912. In 1914, his father was taken to the front, the young man also wanted to run away to his father, but they saw him and returned him back to his mother.

In 1918, Gaidar was enrolled in the revolutionary party, and after a while into the ranks of the Red Army. After 6 months, Arkady goes to commander training courses, which took place in Moscow. After the preparatory courses, he is appointed assistant to the chief platoon commander. Then Arkady Petrovich is transferred to the commander-in-chief of the regiment, and later to the commander of the battalion. Gaidar was present at the battles and won numerous victories. In one of the battles he was very seriously wounded and received a concussion.

While undergoing long-term treatment in the hospital, Arkady meets Maria Plaksina, after a while the couple gets married, later they have a son, a few years later the child dies, their marriage breaks up.

Journalist Liya Solomyanskaya becomes Gaidar's second wife, and in this union a son, Timur, is born. And Gaidar’s marriage breaks up, his young wife leaves him for another man.

The writer's third wife was Dora Chernysheva, the marriage turned out to be happy. Dora had a daughter from a previous marriage, whom he adopted and loved as his own.

Since 1922, Arkady Petrovich began to engage in writing. He wrote his novels and short stories while traveling, always on the go. Initially, Gaidar’s works were published in the newspapers “Kovsh” and “Zvezda”.

In 1927, Arkady worked for the Ural Worker newspaper in the city of Sverdlovsk.

In 1932, the writer got a job as a traveling correspondent for the Pacific Star newspaper. In his articles, he covered topics related to livestock farming and horticulture.

During the war years he worked as a war correspondent for the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda. Later he served in a partisan detachment as a machine gunner. In 1941 he was killed during a battle.

Arkady Petrovich is considered a classic of literature for children; all of his works raise themes of friendship and devotion.

Gaidar Arkady Petrovich

Gaidar (real name Golikov) Arkady Petrovich (1904 - 1941), prose writer.

Born on January 9 (22 NS) in the city of Lgov, Kursk province, in the family of a teacher. My childhood years were spent in Arzamas. He studied at a real school, but when it started and his father was drafted into the army, a month later he ran away from home to go to his father at the front. Ninety kilometers from Arzamas he was detained and returned.

Later, as a teenager of fourteen, he met “good people - the Bolsheviks” and in 1918 he left “to fight for the bright kingdom of socialism.” He was a physically strong and tall guy, and after some hesitation he was accepted into the Red Commanders' Course. At fourteen and a half years old, he commanded a company of cadets on the Petlyura front, and at seventeen he was the commander of a separate regiment to combat banditry (“this is in Antonovism”).

In December 1924, Gaidar left the army due to illness (after being wounded and shell-shocked). I started writing. His teachers in the craft of writing were K. Fedin, M. Slonimsky and S. Semenov, who analyzed literally every line with him, criticized and explained the technique of literary mastery.

He considered his best works to be the stories “P. B.C.” (1925), “Distant Countries”, “The Fourth Dugout” and “School” (1930), “Timur and His Team” (1940). He traveled a lot around the country, met different people, and greedily absorbed life. He couldn’t write, locked himself in his office at a comfortable table. He composed on the go, thought about his books on the road, recited entire pages by heart, and then wrote them down in simple notebooks. “The birthplace of his books is different cities, villages, even trains.” When World War II began, the writer rejoined the army, going to the front as a war correspondent. His unit was surrounded, and they wanted to take the writer out by plane, but he refused to leave his comrades and remained in the partisan detachment as an ordinary machine gunner. On October 26, 1941, in Ukraine, near the village of Lyaplyavoya, Gaidar died in a battle with the Nazis.

Brief biography from the book: Russian writers and poets. Brief biographical dictionary. Moscow, 2000.

Gaidar (real name - Golikov) Arkady Petrovich (01/09/1904. Lgovsky workers' village - 10/26/1941, near Kanev, Ukraine), writer. At the age of 15 he joined the Bolsheviks and in 1919 joined the Red Army. He quickly became an assistant to the commander of the Red partisans operating in the Arzamas region. Then he commanded a detachment (regiment). Participated in the suppression of the Antonov uprising in the Tambov region. According to his memoirs, he was distinguished by pathological cruelty, which raised doubts about his mental health. Since the Civil War, Gaidar became an alcoholic, suffered from heavy drinking, and was tormented by nightmares. He was depressed all his life and even tried to commit suicide. His childhood psyche could not withstand the atrocities of the Civil War.

Author of works about the romance of the revolution “RVS” (1926), “School” (1930), “Military Secret” (1935). His story “Timur and His Team” (1940) has become a classic. He was considered one of the founders of Soviet children's literature. He became one of the key figures in Soviet propaganda; legends were created around him that had nothing to do with reality. His works until the 1990s. were invariably key in the school curriculum and were compulsory for all Soviet schoolchildren to study. Circulations amounted to tens of millions of copies. After the start of perestroika, his work began to be revised, and now he is practically forgotten and his grandson Yegor Timurovich Gaidar has become more famous.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War he went to the front. Killed in battle. Buried in Kanev.

Arkady Gaidar is a man of amazing destiny and a wonderful writer. This is one of the most widely read children's writers in the Soviet Union and one of the youngest regiment commanders.

Parents

Arkady Petrovich Golikov (this is his real name) was born in the Kursk region not far from the city of Lgov in the family of a teacher. His parents were people with an active lifestyle, which was fully passed on to their son. In 1905 they were active in revolutionary activities. My father's ancestors were ordinary peasants, but my mother was distantly related to M.Yu. om, which is to some extent symbolic.

World War I

Since 1912, the Golikovs lived in the city of Arzamas. In 1914, when the war began, the elder Golikov went to the front. And Arkady himself also dreamed of taking up arms and defending his Motherland, so he ran away from home and tried to get to the front on his own. But the plan failed: he was caught almost 100 km from home and sent back.

Civil War

In 1918, fourteen-year-old Arkady Golikov joined the Communist Party, and at the end of the same year he voluntarily joined the Red Army, however, for this he cheated and hid his real age. And after completing his training at the military personnel training center, he became an assistant commander.

Despite his still young age (15 years), he took an active part in big battles, where he was wounded and concussed. During his service, Arkady Golikov fought on the Petlyura, Polish and Crimean fronts.

Three years later, the Red Army soldier Golikov completed training at the Higher Rifle School, after which he was appointed commander of the reserve rifle regiment, and a little later of the entire battalion. He led an active fight against banditry.

Personal life

The wound and concussion greatly undermined the health of the future writer, and in 1924 he was forced to leave military service. Was married twice. The first wife gave birth to Arkady Gaidar's son Timur. But this marriage broke up after five years.

In A.P.’s second marriage, children. Gaidar was not there. But he adopted his wife’s daughter from a previous marriage.

The Great Patriotic War

Being a true patriot, a person passionately concerned about the fate of his Motherland, Gaidar could not sit quietly at home when the country was in mortal danger. In 1941, at the very beginning, Arkady Petrovich went to the front as a war correspondent.

In September of the same year, he ended up in a partisan detachment, which he did not want to leave and remained there as an ordinary machine gunner. In October, on the 26th, Arkady Petrovich Gaidar died in battle. His grave is located in the city of Kanev.

Creation

Arkady Gaidar's creative activity began in 1925, when he completed his military service. The first work that appeared in print was “In the Days of Defeats and Victories.” After moving to the Perm region, he worked as a correspondent for a local newspaper.

In Perm, for the first time in print, Arkady Petrovich began to use the pseudonym Gaidar. The first work he wrote for children was “R.V.S.” It was in this book that the author’s special manner of conversation with the child reader appeared: confidential intonation, the significance of the events shown, humor and seriousness.

The most famous works of Arkady Gaidar

• "Timur and his team"
• "Blue Cup"
• "Drummer's Fate"
• "School"
• "Hot Stone"
• "Fourth dugout"
• "Far Countries"

According to A.P. himself Gaidar, his best creations “P.B.C.” “Distant Countries” “Fourth Dugout” “School” “Timur and His Team” In all his works written for children, Gaidar talks about real, sincere friendship and camaraderie.

And after the publication of “Timur and His Team,” groups of Timurites began to appear in the country, providing assistance to elderly people and veterans. Arkady Petrovich gave the main characters of the story the names of his children - Timur and Zhenya. Many of his works have been translated into other languages, and some have been filmed.

One of the founders of Soviet children's literature was Arkady Gaidar, whose biography covers a difficult time for our country. This is what most likely determined the main focus of his works - in most of them the reader hears echoes of the war.

Childhood and adolescence

The future writer was born into the family of the grandson of a serf and a noblewoman of an ordinary family. Isidorovich Golikov, worked as a teacher and paid a lot of attention to self-education. Natalya Arkadyevna also dedicated her life to enlightening the people, and for this purpose she left her parents’ home early. A short biography of Arkady Gaidar for children is very interesting. The boy began to compose early. According to his memoirs, his first poem appeared when he did not yet know how to write. The origins of this talent are seen in the fact that the parents spent a lot of time studying with their son and three younger daughters. And when communicating with each other, they often read poetry and sang folk songs.

Moral education of a son

The writer’s characters perform heroic deeds; in their features one can even discern the qualities of medieval knights. An explanation for this is also given by the biography of Arkady Gaidar. For 4th grade, for example, it is recommended to use the story “Timur and his team,” which tells how teenagers, distinguished by high moral principles, selflessly help people. So, as a child, Arkasha broke a glass and, as usually happens in such cases, got scared and ran away. And then there was a conversation with his mother, who patiently explained to her son that an honest person will always find the strength to admit what he has done, and will be honest and sincere under any circumstances. Since then, there has not been a case where the boy tried to hide his offense from others.

And Arkady Gaidar, whose biography is replete with facts of overcoming life’s adversities, felt responsible for his younger sisters and therefore never became capricious or complained.

In terrible years

When World War I began, Arkady was ten years old. His father went to the front, and the boy decided to follow him. They caught up with him near Arzamas, his hometown, and brought him back. But this did not stop the teenager’s desire for achievements. Arkady Gaidar (the biography for children includes only brief information about this period of the writer’s life) completely took their side. At first he carried out small assignments and guarded the city at night. But he was increasingly drawn to serious action. In the fall of 1918, the teenager, having added two more years to his fourteen years (fortunately, he was tall and physically strong), finally achieved enlistment in the Red Army. Adjutant, commander of a detachment, and then a regiment - this is the military path Arkady Gaidar went through in 6 years. His biography includes such glorious episodes as the defeat of the Bityug gang and the experienced ataman Solovyov. At the same time, he received two military educations in parallel and therefore believed that his future would forever be connected with the army.

Beginning of literary activity

However, fate had its own way: in 1924, Arkady Petrovich was forced to leave service for health reasons. The wounds received in battles, concussion, and, to some extent, nervous exhaustion took their toll - he set out on this road when he was still just a boy. “Write,” - this is how Arkady Gaidar answered himself to the question of what to do next. A short biography during the second half of the 1920s demonstrates the development of Golikov as a writer. At first he wrote for adults. In 1925, the first work appeared, but it did not please the author, as did the next few stories and novellas. And only “R.V.S” (1926) the writer called truly serious and mature.

Nickname

The writer's real name is Golikov, but already the first works were signed with the name Arkady Gaidar. The writer's short biography contains several interpretations of the pseudonym. His school friend, for example, believed that such a surname was the result of Arkady Petrovich’s great imagination. It was formed as follows: G(olikov) A(rkadi) J D(from French - “from”) AR(zamasa). Another option: “D” among the letters of the surname, name, name of the city appeared like D’Artagnan. Supporters of another explanation attribute the pseudonym Gaidar to the Turkic language, from which it is translated as “a horseman galloping ahead” - this was Golikov in life. These are the most common versions of the appearance of the pseudonym, although other interpretations can be found in the literature about the writer’s work.

Works for children

Once Arkady Gaidar (the biography presented here is also based on the personal memories of the writer himself) noted that the war was so firmly established in his childhood that he decided to tell the younger generation about it and about the real heroes. This is how stories and stories for children appeared: “R.V.S.” about teenagers who witnessed the confrontation between the “reds” and “whites”, the autobiographical “School”, “Hot Stone”, the hero of which is an old man who survived the revolution and civil war, and others. Masterpieces of children's literature are called “The Blue Cup”, “Chuk and Huck”, “The Fate of the Drummer”. Very often, the basis of their plot was the events with which the biography of Arkady Gaidar was replete.

For 4th grade, the writer’s works are interesting because their heroes are girls and boys of the same age who find themselves in difficult situations. Thanks to their qualities: kindness, the ability to sympathize and compassion, perseverance, selflessness, readiness to always come to the rescue, courage - they become winners and are role models.

At the origins of the Timur movement

In 1940, perhaps the most famous work appeared, authored by Arkady Gaidar. A biography for children necessarily includes the story of the creation of the story “Timur and His Team,” the main character of which is named after the writer’s son. The incredible popularity of the literary work is evidenced by the fact that groups of schoolchildren immediately began to appear throughout the country, taking patronage over those who needed their help. For several decades it became an integral part of the life of Soviet teenagers. Even now, sometimes you can hear a familiar word when it comes to good deeds.

Heroic Death

After the outbreak of the Patriotic War, Gaidar again went to the front, now in a capacity where he wrote several essays about the defensive operations of the Southwestern Front. However, this time his battle path was not long. In October 1941, he fell among the partisans when the detachment was trying to get out of encirclement. Presumably, Arkady Petrovich, as part of a group, went for food, and when he noticed the Germans, he gave a signal to his four comrades, and they managed to escape. A famous writer, a tireless person, a warrior at heart, was struck down by a machine gun fire at the age of thirty-seven.

This is a short biography of Arkady Gaidar. For 4th graders, getting acquainted with his works today can become a real lesson in kindness, friendship, and love for one’s native country.

Soviet literature

Arkady Petrovich Gaidar

Biography

Gaidar Arkady Petrovich was born on January 9, 1904 in the family of a teacher in Lgov. He spent his childhood in Arzamas. Arkady Petrovich graduated from infantry courses, and when the First World War began and his father was drafted into the army, he ran away from home a month later to go to his father at the front. Ninety kilometers from Arzamas he was detained and returned. Later, at fourteen, he met the Bolsheviks and in 1918 volunteered for the Red Army. He was a physically strong and tall guy, and after some hesitation he was accepted into the Red Commanders' Course. He had to fight in Ukraine, on the Polish front, and in the Caucasus. At fourteen and a half years old, he commanded a company of cadets on the Petlyura front, and at seventeen he was the commander of a separate regiment to combat banditry. Since the Civil War, Arkady Petrovich was distinguished by cruelty, suffered from heavy drinking, and was often tormented by nightmares. His childhood psyche could not withstand the atrocities of the Civil War.

In December 1924, Gaidar left the army due to illness after being wounded and shell-shocked. He started writing books. In this matter, his assistants were K. Fedin, M. Slonimsky and S. Semenov, who analyzed every line with him, criticized him and explained the basics of literary skill.

In the fall of 1932, Gaidar decided to settle in Moscow. At that time he was still little known and not rich. But his works had already begun to be published in Moscow and soon brought him widespread fame and glory. In the mid-30s, he married a second time, from his first marriage he already had a son, Timur, and he also adopted the daughter of his second wife, Zhenya. Gaidar named the main characters of the book “Timur and His Team,” published in 1940, after his children. In the 1930s, many of his most famous works were published, such as: “School”, “Distant Lands”, “Military Secret”, “Smoke in the Forest”, “The Blue Cup”, “Chuk and Gek”, “Fate” drummer."

During the Second World War, Gaidar went to the front as a war correspondent. He traveled a lot around the country, met many people, and led a busy life. He wrote his books on the go, on trains, on the road. He recited entire pages by heart and then wrote them down in notebooks.

One day his unit was surrounded, and they wanted to take the writer out by plane, but he refused to leave his comrades and remained in the partisan detachment as an ordinary machine gunner. On October 26, 1941, in Ukraine, near the village of Lyaplyavoya, Gaidar died in a battle with the Nazis.

He considered his best works to be the stories “P.B.C.” (1925), “Distant Countries”, “The Fourth Dugout” and “School” (1930), “Timur and His Team” (1940). Many of Gaidar’s books became an integral part of the school curriculum; they were translated for readers in other countries, and some of them were even made into feature films for children.

Gaidar Arkady Petrovich prose writer and playwright, military leader, communist.

On January 9, 1904, a boy was born into a family of teachers in the city of Lgov - the future famous children's writer. His father is Pyotr Isidorovich Golikov, his mother is Natalya Arkadyevna Salkova, a distant relative of M. Yu. Lermontov.

Arkady lived with his family in Arzamas until 1918. In 1908, Golikov’s father entered the service of the excise department. In 1910, mother Natalya Salkova graduated from midwifery courses and worked for some time as a paramedic.

Soon after the outbreak of the First World War, his father was taken to the front. Arkady was still a young man and decided to run away from home to go to his father, but not far from Arzamas he was caught and returned back. Golikov was a participant in the Civil War. At the age of fourteen he was accepted into the Communist Party, where he had the right to choose. At the age of 14, having met the Bolsheviks, he firmly decided to volunteer for the Red Army. He fought in Ukraine, Poland and the Caucasus. And at the age of seventeen he became the commander of a separate regiment, which in turn fought against banditry. In his young years, he was the responsible commander of his regiment and in 1922 he arrested F.P. Ulchigachev and I.V. Itemenev, who soon became his intelligence officers.

Golikov showed an unhealthy interest in alcohol, was very cruel and because of this he had problems with his subordinates. In December 1924, Gaidar left the army for health reasons after shell shock and numerous injuries. And after all this I started writing books. He moved to Perm, where he was actively published in the Zvezda newspaper. Arkady's first attempt at writing was a story about the civil war, "The Corner House", signed under the pseudonym Gaidar - 1925.

All of Gaidar's works are instructive and profound. Arkady's famous prose “Chuk and Gek”, “Timur and his team”. Also very exciting are “Malchish-Kibalchish” or “Blue Cup”.

In 1932, he began working for the Pacific Star newspaper as a traveling correspondent. Arkady had two children, a son Timur from his first marriage and a daughter Zhenya, whom he adopted from his second wife in the mid-30s.

During World War II he was a war correspondent and led a busy life. He wrote books at this time. I memorized everything by heart, and then documented everything in a notebook. Became a machine gunner in a partisan detachment in September 1941. And on October 26, 1941, Arkady Petrovich Gaidar died in a battle with the Nazis. During his 37 years he lived a hard and eventful life. Gaidar’s remains were reburied in Kanev in 1947.