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Honorary citizen of Stavropol, ex-governor of the region Valery Zerenkov received a place on the Alley of Honored Workers of the city. On the monument to this figure, Zerenkov’s lists of merits are engraved in granite, and his image is cast in bronze.

The ex-governor of the Stavropol Territory Valery Zerenkov was cast in bronze and placed in the center of Stavropol. A bas-relief bust of Zerenkov with a list of his services to the city appeared on the Alley of Honorary Citizens of the regional capital. According to the socio-political newspaper “Otkrytaya. For each and everyone”, the grand opening of the bas-relief will take place on City Day, September 21.

Under the bust of the ex-governor his merits and achievements are listed. “The activist made a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the city. He worked as the head of a number of industrial enterprises, chairman of the Oktyabrsky district executive committee, head of the administration of the Oktyabrsky district, chairman of the regional Duma, governor of the Stavropol Territory, deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation,” information about Zerenkov is carved in granite.

Zerenkov was awarded the title of honorary citizen of Stavropol on September 18, 2013, and nine days later he resigned as head of the region. Zerenkov’s resignation, which was presented as voluntary, was preceded by numerous rumors about it, which he, together with the presidential envoy to the North Caucasus Federal District, Alexander Khloponin, strenuously denied. However, in the end, the head of the region left his post just a year and a half after his appointment. His place, according to the decree of Vladimir Putin, was taken by the Deputy Governor of the Yamalo-Nenets District Vladimir Vladimirov.

Stavropol region

Stavropol region

Stavropol region

Stavropol region

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• Experts: Aksyonov’s new term as head of Crimea has been agreed upon with the federal center

  The head of Crimea, Sergei Aksyonov, said that he is ready to lead the region again after the elections to the State Council of the republic. “If we have the trust of the Crimeans, we will have to go and work for five years at the same pace,” Aksyonov said. The head of Crimea will be elected by the new parliament of the republic. According to experts, the majority in the State Council of the republic will be given to United Russia, whose list is headed by Aksyonov himself. Political scientists also believe that the new term of the current head of Crimea has already been agreed upon with the country’s leadership.

  In the Murmansk region, children were involved in campaigning for gubernatorial elections

  Schoolchildren in the Murmansk region were sent to the streets to inform citizens about the gubernatorial elections, which will be held on September 8, 2019. Electoral lawyer Roman Smirnov believes that the election commission, whose functions include notifying voters about ongoing campaigns, should be more careful in choosing contractors.

  Political scientist: How things will go for the new mayor of Dimitrovgrad depends on Governor Morozov

  In the Ulyanovsk region, on the fifth attempt, a meeting of the competition commission to select candidates for the post of mayor of Dimitrovgrad was held. Let us remind you that the meetings of the commission were constantly postponed due to the absence of members from among the representatives of the regional government. Dimitrovgrad has been living without a mayor since last year. The commission decided to allow all registered candidates to participate in the elections. There were seven of them. According to political scientist Evgeny Semenov, this was done because the leader is already known, and other candidates do not pose a threat. Political scientist Nikolai Vasin admits that in the future the new mayor may have conflicts with the head of the region, Sergei Morozov.

The term "art bronze" includes a huge variety of techniques and a variety of sculptural, applied and decorative products. These are small sculptures, various office items (writing instruments, paperweights, frames for miniatures and photographs), decorative vases, mantel clocks, etc.

Bronze casting reached its brightest peak in the 18th and 19th centuries. This type of art combines the imagination of the artist and sculptor, the skill of the model maker, the experience of the foundry, the virtuosity of the chaser, the painstakingness of the gilder, the perfection of technical thought and technology of his time. Since the 18th century, France has become the leader in the production of bronze products of unique beauty in Europe. Germany, Italy, Austria (Vienna bronze), Russia, etc. did not lag behind.

"Lucretia" - around 1851. Bronze sculpture from the Thiebaut Frere foundry. (The company was created in 1851 by Victor Thiébaut. A little later, Victor Thiébaut entered into a partnership with famous sculptors: David d'Angers, Carpeaux, Falguière, the Carrier-Belleuse company, Paul Dubois and Pradier. In 1898, Rodin himself signed a contract with this production - two of his works were cast here: St. John the Baptist and Triumph of Youth.) The height of the figurine is 12 inches.

Today, rarities in the form of bronze busts, figurines and items of stationery are from time to time put up for auction. As a rule, things date back to the end of the year before - the beginning of the last century; This is the period of the last heyday of artistic bronze.

Figurine of Grégoire Jean Louis(France, 1840-1890). Bronze on red marble. Height - 21 and a quarter inches.

"Sabrina" - Holmie Cardwell(England, 1815-1887). The bronze figurine was created in 1865. Holme Cardwell was born in Manchester in 1834, moved to Paris in 1841 and studied with David d'Angers (1788-1856). The marble original of the statuette was first exhibited at the Royal Academy in London in 1855 under the title "Sabrina" with an accompanying poem John Milton.

"Antiope" - Leon(France, 1840-1916). Bronze, date of creation - about 1900. Height 16 inches

"Toilet of Venus" - Karoly Shekeli(Hungary, 1882-1942). The figurine was created in 1931, bronze on pink marble. Height 15.5 inches.

Figurine "Athena". Around 1910. Vienna bronze. Height 14.5 inches

"Bather"(Germany/Austria, circa 1910). Bronze. Height - 23 cm

"Dance of the Nude with Cornucopia" - E. Saalmann(Germany, 1890 -1930). Bronze, date of creation - about 1900. Height 15.5 inches.

"Koy" - Philipp Johann Ferdinand (Fritz) Preuss(Germany, 1882 -1943). Bronze with gilding bronze. Date of creation - 1930. Height 9 cm.

"Forest Nymph" - Marcel Bouraine(France, 1886-1948). Bronze with green patina, chiton with silver foliage and brown enamel. Height 21.5 inches.

"Diana Queen of the Amazons" - Karl Neuhaus(Germany, 1881-). Bronze with gilding, date of creation - 1919. Height 15.14 inches.

Woman posing as a model - Jules Levasseur(France, 1831-1888). Bronze with gilding. Height 8 and 3/4 inches

"Nude" - L.Eisenberger(Germany, 1890-1930). Bronze with cold painting. Height 17 inches.

"Lullaby" (Psyche playing the violin) - Sylvain Kinsburger(France, 1855-1935). Bronze - circa 1891. Height 22 inches

"Andromeda" (unsigned). Vienna bronze polychromed. Date of creation - around 1910. Height 14 inches.

Literature

1. Governors of the Orenburg region. - Orenburg: Orenburg Book Publishing House, 1999. - 400 p.
2. Dorofeev, V.V. Vasily Perovsky and the Orenburg region: to the 250th anniversary of his birth / V.V. Dorofeev. - Orenburg: IPK "South Ural", 1995. - 48 p.
3. Savelzon, V.L. Orenburg history in faces. 50 portraits against the background of the era / V. L. Savelzon. - Orenburg: IPK "South Ural", 2000. - 320 p.
4. Galieva, A. Accept gifts, Orenburg / A. Galieva // Evening Orenburg. - 2005. - September 8 (N 36). - P. 4-5.
5. Ovchinnikova, N. And give everyone what they deserve / N. Ovchinnikova // Southern Urals. - 2005. - August 10 (N 155-156). - P. 1-3.

alloy in the name of one of the eras

What is the Bronze Horseman cast from in St. Petersburg?

The material that gave its name to the era from 1800 to 700 AD. e.

Metal alloy based on copper, as well as products made from it

Alloy of copper with tin and other metals

Third-rate metal

Alloy of copper with various metals

For a long time this word was understood as "copper from Brindisi", but this etymology was eventually rejected

The gunner of the boat from the operetta by N. G. Minha “The Sea Spreads Wide”

Poultry raft from Rybakov’s work

Material from which the Bronze Horseman is made

Material from which a gift should be made for the eighth wedding anniversary

Copper alloy, products from which are awarded to athletes

Third-rate sports metal

Bronze Horseman Material

Alloy in tan description

Alloy busts

For third place

Alloy of figurines

Third-rate metal (sports)

Metal for the eighth wedding anniversary

Metal for the Bronze Horseman

Most of Auguste Rodin's works are made from this metal

Copper + tin for one of the eras

Third place medal

Copper-tin alloy

Rafting for the third prize winner

Statue metal

Rafting for the medal for third place

Alloy of copper and nickel with high electrical resistance

Alloy for busts and monuments

Alloy in the name of a historical era

Alloy that rhymes with bonzo

Metal for prize medals

Alloy of copper with tin and some other elements

Common name for many copper-based alloys

Alloy of copper with other metals

J. French an alloy of copper, tin and zinc. Bronze, pertaining to or made of bronze; powder, a mixture of gold leaf with earthy paints, in different shades. A bronze bill, in trade, non-cash, given before going into bankruptcy (bankruptcy), for sale, and division of proceeds. Bronze or bronze, give something a color, the appearance of bronze, paint, finish it like bronze, with paint or bronze powder, like red, yellow, green bronze. -sya, to be bronzed. Bronzing, bronzing cf. duration bronzing about. valid by verb; The ending in ka also refers to the quality of the work. This bronzing is not good. Bronzovka railway bronzing; bronze powder; a composition with which plaster and wooden things are rubbed, giving them the appearance of bronze. Bronzer worker m. working bronze and copper things; -chichiy, related to him

The gunner of the boat from the operetta by N. G. Minha “The Sea Spreads Wide”

The material that gave its name to the era from 1800 to 700 AD. uh

Rafting for the third person to finish

What is the Bronze Horseman cast from in St. Petersburg?

For a long time this word was understood as "copper from Brindisi", but this etymology was eventually rejected

Adolphe Morand was a French subject who was destined to create his own business in Russia. In the 1840s, he worked as a bronzer at the factory of the famous manufacturer F. Chopin, but already in 1849 he opened his own workshop. In the 1850s, an enterprising young man, a merchant of the second guild, teamed up with merchants E.I. Genke and K.D. Pleske in order to expand its own production.

In 1857, a large electroplating factory for artistic bronze, founded by the Duke of Leuchtenberg in St. Petersburg, was sold piecemeal after the death of the owner. The galvanoplastic workshop was bought by the merchants mentioned above, calling their factory “Partnership of Genke, Pleske, Moran.” Later, the sole owner of the factory was A. Moran, who made his name famous thanks to highly artistic bronze products.

Since the Duke of Leuchtenberg’s enterprise was sold along with the land, the workshop was set up near the mouth of the Obvodny Canal, all the equipment from the former workshop was transferred to it. The architect F. Puschel built a whole complex of buildings here, from which the Moran plant, famous in Russia and abroad, later grew. The new enterprise continued the work on electroplating, previously carried out at the Duke of Leuchtenberg's plant, and also launched the production of bronze products.

Full of energy, Moran, together with his Russian companions, approached the matter in a big way. Just a few years after its founding, the plant employed more than three hundred people, and the production itself was mechanized as much as possible and organized using the most advanced technologies for that time. A steam engine was used in the casting process, which made it possible to produce products worth more than 220 thousand rubles in silver.

Since at that time the success of bronze foundry production was directly related to government orders, only those factories flourished that could receive expensive orders for decorating palaces, temples, and parks. The Moran factory not only managed to receive such orders, but also successfully fulfilled them, which became the reason for the prosperity and popularity of the enterprise.

After many years of partnership with Pleske and Genke, Moran stopped working with them and already in the 1870s represented the factory's products only under his own name. In 1892, Moran went to his homeland in France, transferring the factory to Sergei Genrikhovich Gona.

Back in 1898, in the directory “All of St. Petersburg” in the category of bronze and copper, S.G. Gonet was listed as the owner of the plant, which he called "Moran A. and Successors." However, later, about a year later, his brother G.A. took over the plant. Gone. The plant changed not only its owners, but also its address, moving to Malaya Bolotnaya.

In 1907, the factory changed hands again and was taken over by professional bronzer and factory manager E.P. Gaker. Hacker led the plant until the Great Russian Revolution.

Factory products

Government orders

Having sufficient experience in bronze foundry production, Moran was able to quickly put the plant on a grand scale. The factory produced luxurious chandeliers, fountains, clocks and inkwells, as well as many other artistic bronze items. The most famous works of the Partnership were giant chandeliers for St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, doors for the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, bronze monuments to Russian tsars and magnificent chandeliers for some palaces.

Thus, one of the first chandeliers for the Hermitage, created in 1889, still illuminates the museum and is its property, which is treated very carefully. This is a huge chandelier with many electric lamps. In the nineteenth century, this design made it possible to replace more than a dozen chandeliers, and requires several people to clean and check it every year. The decor of the chandelier is made in the style of Louis XVI.

Although Moran was a French subject, and was later forced to leave Russia without receiving Russian citizenship, he cast grandiose bronze works in the molds of Russian sculptors. This contradicted the canons of the fashion existing at that time to focus on Western models, but made it possible to set a national direction in monumental sculpture. For his significant work, Moran received the honorary title of supplier of bronze to the Imperial Court.

Chandeliers of the Armorial Hall
Winter Palace.
Bronze factory of A. Moran, 1900

Bronze from the Moran factory has been preserved not only in state museums and private collections, but has also become the property of many Russian cities. The plant cast about seventy monuments from super red bronze, which were later placed throughout Russia. This is a monument to the writer N.V. Gogol in Moscow, monuments to the composer M.I. Glinka, navigator I. Kruzenshtern, Empress Catherine II in St. Petersburg, artist I.K. Aivazovsky in Feodosia and many other famous Russian figures.

Cabinet bronze

Bronze was used to decorate not only palaces, temples and park complexes, but also the houses of aristocrats. From the moment the imperial family acquired bronze lamps, furniture, mirrors, clocks and other objects, bronze became a symbol of nobility and wealth. Gradually it penetrated more and more into the everyday life of wealthy people.

In the period 1880-1890s, the Moran factory began to produce the so-called cabinet or chamber bronze, which at that time was of significant interest to wealthy citizens. It was considered very fashionable and prestigious to furnish a study with bronze clocks, inkwells, candlesticks or intricate sculptures. The same interior items were used to decorate living rooms, libraries and other rooms where guests could be invited.

Ashtray “Horse Head”.
Sculptor E.A. Lansere.
Cast by A. Moran.
1862-1886

The factory not only introduced the latest technologies, but also relied on the originality of the work. While most manufacturers working with cabinet bronze, silver, gold, porcelain and other materials were guided by Western samples, Moran relied on the original works of Russian artists. This step turned out to be very successful and brought fame to the plant far beyond the borders of St. Petersburg. Contemporaries wrote about the manufacturer that the most valuable thing about his products was the originality and originality of the works created according to sketches and models of Russian artists.

The theme of Russian realism was developed by many sculptors of this period. Its appearance in the products of the bronze foundry industry is also associated with the closure in 1860 of the foundry house belonging to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. If until that time the classical style, characteristic of European bronze-casting schools, had dominated, now the craftsmen began to work in private factories and were able to sculpt on the topic that was truly interesting to them. In the works of talented sculptors E.A. Lanceray, A.L. Obera, N.I. Liberich, RR. Bach and many other Russian masters created original scenes from the lives of ordinary people, military men, and animals.

"Smoking Circassian." E.A. Lansere.
Factory A. Moran. 1870

Moran, along with such famous manufacturers as Chopin, Werfel or Stange, also collaborated with famous sculptors, casting works based on their models. Chamber sculptures based on the works of Russian sculptors accounted for the lion's share of the plant's output. In addition to animalism and genre scenes, the cabinet sculpture cast at the Moran factory contains images of famous representatives of Russian culture. Among them were smaller copies of monumental monuments, the height of which reached almost one meter.

Military-historical themes and hunting scenes were also quite popular. Generals, rulers or hunters were invariably depicted on horseback most often in some event. Thus, the royal hunter during the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible is represented as strong, agile, galloping astride a fast horse.

"Royal Hunter"
the times of Ivan the Terrible."
Form E.A. Lansere.
Casting by A. Moran.
1879

In a similar way, Prince Svyatoslav appears before the viewer at the moment when he sends his army to battle. According to the descriptions of the Tale of Bygone Years, Svyatoslav was a brave warrior, fast as a leopard, unpretentious on campaigns, did not carry carts with him, ate simple food, slept without a tent. This is how Lanceray captured it in his characteristic manner of detailing the sculpture.

Sculpture of Prince Svyatoslav.
According to the model of E.A. Lansere.
Casting at A. Moran's plant.
1886

The work “Svyatoslav on the way to Constantinople” is a kind of testament to the world of art by the greatest sculptor, his last work, which he managed to complete before his death. In it he expressed his entire attitude towards the Russian character, the spirit of the Russian person. The sculpture is one of Lanceray's best works and was therefore cast in many factories, including Moran's.

The production of cabinet bronze by famous masters was not a cheap pleasure, since only the sculptor himself had to pay a decent amount for those times. So, for the multi-figure form cast by the famous E.A. Lansere, the foundry worker had to pay five to six hundred rubles. For comparison: making a star of the Order of Alexander Nevsky with diamonds cost three thousand rubles. Cabinet bronze could not by itself ensure a significant flourishing of production, so factories had to expand their activities and range. In particular, Moran's factory produced electroplating products, products from cupronickel and other materials.

Currently, cabinet sculpture cast at the Moran factory is exactly the same indicator of taste, prestige and wealth as it was in the 19th century. The cost of various bronze sculptures today is estimated at tens and hundreds of thousands of dollars, but true connoisseurs of antiques are willing to pay such sums in order to surround themselves with the best examples of world culture.

Moran factory marks

The hallmarks of Adolphe Moran's factory usually contain the surname of the owner himself. Since many famous sculptors worked for the manufacturer, on the bronze the name of the author of the work was placed next to the name of Moran. It could be a short "A." Moran" or longer versions: "Excellent. head A. Moran Ave.” or “Excellent.” head And Moran.”

Some stamps contain the abbreviation of St. Petersburg: “A. Moran Ave. St. Petersburg.” All inscriptions were made by hand, so they depended entirely on the author’s handwriting. Sometimes these were printed letters, and sometimes neatly handwritten ones.

Since Morand's surname was written as Morand in French, there are variations on this theme in the stamps. For example, in the sculpture “Ox” made by A.L. Ober, next to the inscription of the author of the form there is a mark of the Moran plant: “A. Morand SPb.” with the characteristic letter “d”. The spelling “Murand” is also found.