Family tree of the first Russian princes. Rurikovich: family tree of the dynasty

All Rurikovichs were descendants of previously independent princes, descended from two sons of Yaroslav the Wise: the third son Svyatoslav (Svyatoslavichs with branches) and the fourth son - Vsevolod (Vsevolodovichi, who are better known through the line of his eldest son as Monomakhovichi). This explains the tough and lengthy political struggle in the 30-40s of the 12th century. it was between the Svyatoslavichs and Monomashichs for the grand-ducal table after the death of Mstislav the Great. The eldest of the sons of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, Yaroslav, became the ancestor of the Ryazan princes. Of these, as part of the Russian boyars of the 16th-17th centuries. only the descendants of the appanage princes of the Ryazan land remained - the Pronsky princes. Some editions of genealogical books consider the Eletsky princes of Ryazan to be descendants, others trace them from another son of Svyatoslav, Oleg, who reigned in the Chernigov lands. The families of the Chernigov princes trace their origins to the three sons of Mikhail Vsevolodovich (great-great-grandson of Oleg Svyatoslavich) - Semyon, Yuri, Mstislav. Prince Semyon Mikhailovich of Glukhov became the ancestor of the princes Vorotynsky and Odoevsky. Tarussky Prince Yuri Mikhailovich - Mezetsky, Baryatinsky, Obolensky. Karachaevsky Mstislav Mikhailovich-Mosalsky, Zvenigorodsky. Of the Obolensky princes, many princely families later emerged, among which the most famous are the Shcherbatovs, Repnins, Serebryans, and Dolgorukovs.
More births occurred from Vsevolod Yaroslavovich and his son, Vladimir Monomakh. The descendants of Monomakh's eldest son, Mstislav the Great, the last great prince of Kievan Rus, were numerous Smolensk princes, of whom the Vyazemsky and Kropotkin families are the most famous. Another branch of the Monomashichs came from Yuri Dolgoruky and his son, Vsevolod the Big Nest. His eldest son, Konstantin Vsevolodovich, bequeathed to his sons: Vasilka - Rostov and Beloozero, Vsevolod - Yaroslavl. From Vasilko Konstantinovich’s eldest son, Boris, descend the Rostov princes (the most famous of them are the Shchepin, Katyrev, and Buinosov families). From the second son of Vasilko Konstantinovich, Gleb, came the families of the Belozersk princes, among whom were the princes of Ukhtomsky, Shelespansky, Vadbolsky, and Beloselsky. The only heir of the Yaroslavl prince Vsevolod Konstantinovich, Vasily, had no sons. His daughter Maria married Prince Fyodor Rostislavich from the family of Smolensk princes and brought the Yaroslavl principality as a dowry, in which a change of dynasties (different branches of the Monomashichs) thus took place.
Another son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, Yaroslav, became the founder of several princely dynasties. From his eldest son Alexander Nevsky, through his son Daniil Alexandrovich, came the dynasty of Moscow princes, who then became the central link in the unification process. The brothers of Alexander Nevsky, Andrei Suzdalsky and Yaroslav Tverskoy, became the founders of these princely families. Of the Sudal princes, the most famous are the Shuisky princes, who gave Russia at the beginning of the 17th century. king Tver princes throughout the 14th century. waged a fierce struggle with representatives of the Moscow house for the grand-ducal table, with the help of the Horde physically exterminating their opponents. As a result, the Moscow princes became the ruling dynasty and had no family formations. The Tver branch was cut short after the flight of its last Grand Duke, Mikhail Borisovich, to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1485) and the inclusion of these lands into the national territory. The Russian boyars included the descendants of the appanage princes of the Tver land - the Mikulinsky, Telyatevsky, Kholmsky princes. The youngest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, Ivan, received Starodub Ryapolovsky (east of the capital Vladimir) as an inheritance. Of the descendants of this branch, the most famous are the Pozharsky, Romodanovsky and Paletsky families.
Gediminovichi. Another group of princely families were the Gediminovichs - the descendants of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gedimin, who ruled in 1316-1341. Gedimin pursued an active policy of conquest and was the first to call himself “King of the Lithuanians and Russians.” Territorial expansion continued under his sons, Olgerd was especially active (Algirdas, 1345-77). In the XIII-XIV centuries. the lands of the future Belarus and Ukraine were conquered by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, and here the sovereignty of the hereditary lines of the Rurikovichs was lost. Under Olgerd, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania included the Chernigov-Seversk, Kyiv, Podolsk, Volyn, and Smolensk lands. The Gediminovich family was quite branched, its descendants were on thrones in different principalities, and one of the grandsons, Jagiello Olgerdovich, after the signing of the Union of Krevo in 1385, became the founder of the Polish royal Jagiellon dynasty. The descendants of Gediminas, who settled in reigns in lands that were previously part of Kievan Rus, or who switched to Moscow service in the process of forming the state territory of Russia, are called Russian Gediminovichs. Most of them come from two sons of Gediminas - Narimant and Olgerd. One of their branches descended from the eldest grandson of Gediminas, Patrikey Narimantovich. Under Vasily I at the beginning of the 15th century. Patrikey’s two sons, Fyodor and Yuri, transferred to Moscow service. The son of Fyodor is Vasily on the estates on the river. Khovanke received the nickname Khovansky and became the founder of this princely family. Prominent political figures Vasily and Ivan Yuryevich were called Patrikeevs. The sons of Vasily Yuryevich were Ivan Bulgak and Daniil Shchenya - the ancestors of the princes Bulgakov and Shchenyatev. The Bulgakovs, in turn, were divided into Golitsyns and Kurakins - from the sons of Ivan Bulgak, Mikhail Golitsa and Andrei Kuraki. Another branch of the Gediminovichs in Rus' traced their origins to the son of Gedimin Evnutius. His distant descendant Fyodor Mikhailovich Mstislavsky left for Rus' in 1526. The Trubetskoys and Belskys traced their origins to the famous Grand Duke of Lithuania Olgerd. The great-grandson of Dmitry Olgerdovich Trubetskoy (in the city of Trubchevsk) Ivan Yuryevich and his nephews Andrei, Ivan and Fyodor Ivanovich in 1500 transferred to Russian citizenship along with their small principality. The grandson of Dmitry Olgerdovich’s brother, Vladimir Belsky, Fyodor Ivanovich went to Russian service in 1482. All Gediminovichs took high official and political positions in Rus' and played a noticeable role in the history of the country.
The origin of the princely families of Rurikovich and Gediminovich is more clearly depicted in the diagrams. (Table 1, 2, 3)

Table 1. Scheme of the origin of the main princely families of the Rurikovichs

Table 2. Rurikovich

Table 3. Scheme of the origin of the main princely families of the Russian Gediminovichs

The saying “all men are brothers” has a genealogical basis. The point is not only that we are all distant descendants of the biblical Adam. In the light of the topic under consideration, one more ancestor stands out, whose descendants constituted a significant layer in the social structure of feudal Russia. This is Rurik, the conditional ancestor of the “natural” Russian princes. Although he was never in Kyiv, much less in Vladimir and Moscow, everyone who occupied the grand-ducal tables until the end of the 16th century considered themselves his descendants, justifying their political and land rights with this. With the increase in offspring, new princely branches appeared from real ancestors, and to distinguish them from each other (including from the standpoint of family possessions and priority rights to it), first family nicknames and then surnames appeared.
Two main stages can be distinguished. The first is the formation of princely branches, assigning names to them ending in -ich, -ovich (X-XIII centuries, ancient and appanage Rus'). It is not known what they called themselves, but in the chronicles they are named Monomashichi (Monomakhovichi), Olgovichi (Olegovichi), etc. In the first patronymic (from the name-nickname of the ancestor) names of the princely branches, belonging to the princely family was emphasized, and the seniority of the branch was determined by the name of the ancestor, which, first of all, with the ladder (sequential) right of inheritance determined the sovereign rights. A significant reason for the absence of toponymic surnames among the appanage princes of the pre-Moscow period was that they passed by seniority from appanage to appanage. Surnames derived from the name of the locality appear after the liquidation of the next right of inheritance. In this case, the bearers of toponymic surnames were, as a rule, from among the service princes, and less often from the Old Moscow boyars. In this case, the suffix –sky, -skoy was used: Volynsky, Shuisky, Shakhovskoy, etc. At the same time, surnames often did not reflect former sovereign rights, but simply the area from which their bearers moved to the Moscow service, especially among the “expatriates” - Cherkasy, Meshchersky, Sibirsky, etc.
The second stage falls on the period of formation of the Russian centralized state. There is a proliferation of princely branches and the formation of new families, each of which is assigned its own nickname, at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries. turning into a surname. The specific hierarchy is replaced by localism - a system of official correspondence of clans in relation to each other and the monarch. Surnames appear at this stage, as if out of official (hierarchical) necessity, and are assigned to the offspring, outwardly emphasizing membership in a clan that occupied a certain social niche. V.B. Korbin believes that in Russia the formation of princely surnames is directly related to the emergence of the category of “service” princes (XV century). Already in the Moscow service, these princely families gave off branches, each of which was assigned not only land holdings, but also surnames, as a rule, patronymic. Thus, from the Starodub princes, the Khilkovs and Tatevs stood out; from Yaroslavl - Troyekurov, Ushaty; from Obolensky - Nogotkovy, Striginy, Kashiny (for more details, see Table 1).
In the 16th century, the process of forming surnames among the boyars was actively underway. A well-known example is the evolution of the nickname of the family, which gave rise to a new royal dynasty at the beginning of the 17th century. The five sons of Andrei Kobyla became the founders of 17 famous families in Russia, each of which had its own surname. The Romanovs began to be called that way only from the middle of the 16th century. Their ancestors are the Kobylins, Koshkins, Zakharyins, and Yuryevs. But even during this period, the central government gave preference to surnames derived from personal nicknames. Sometimes territorial names were preserved as a kind of prefix. This is how double surnames appeared, with the first indicating the ancestor and being patronymic, the second reflecting the general clan affiliation, and, as a rule, toponymic: Zolotye-Obolensky, Shchepin-Obolensky, Tokmakov-Zvenigorodsky, Ryumin-Zvenigorodsky, Sosunov-Zasekin, etc. d. Double surnames reflected not only the incompleteness of the process of their formation, but also the peculiar policy of the great Moscow princes, aimed at interrupting clan territorial ties. It also mattered when and how the lands recognized the supremacy of Moscow. The Rostov, Obolensky, Zvenigorod and a number of other clans retained territorial names in their descendants, but Starodubsky was not allowed to be called by this family name even in the middle of the 17th century, as evidenced by the petition addressed to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from Grigory Romodanovsky, who represented the interests of the senior branch of this, once powerful, but disgraced kind. By the way, a possible reason for the ban on the part of the Romanovs could be that toponymic surnames indirectly reminded of the family seniority of the Rurikovichs. Officially, nobles were allowed to be called, in addition to their surname, by the name of their land holdings. Charter granted to the nobility (1785). However, by that time the surnames had already been established, the nature of land relations had fundamentally changed, and this tradition, popular in Europe, did not take hold in Russia. Of the families of Russian “natural” princes that existed at the end of the 19th century, Karnovich E.P. There are 14, whose surnames were formed from the names of estates: Mosalsky, Yeletsky, Zvenigorod, Rostov, Vyazemsky, Baryatinsky, Obolensky, Shekhonsky, Prozorovsky, Vadbolsky, Shelespansky, Ukhtomsky, Beloselsky, Volkonsky.
Below are the main princely families of the Rurikovichs and the Russian branch of the Gediminovichs with the branches formed from them with surnames assigned to them (Tables 4, 5).

Table 4. Rurikovich. Monomashichi

Table 5. Gediminovichi

Milevich S.V. - Methodological guide for studying the genealogy course. Odessa, 2000.

The Rurikovichs are a dynasty of princes (and from 1547, kings) of Kievan Rus, later of Muscovite Rus, the Moscow Principality, and the Muscovite Kingdom. The founder of the dynasty is a legendary prince named Rurik (this is the answer to the question of why the dynasty was called by the name of the founder). Many copies were broken in disputes about whether this prince was a Varangian (that is, a foreigner) or a native Russian.

Family tree of the dynasty

The family tree of the Rurik dynasty with years of rule is available in such a well-known Internet resource as Wikipedia.

Most likely, Rurik was a native Russian contender for the throne, and this contender turned out to be in the right place at the right time. Rurik ruled from 862 to 879. It was then that the predecessor of the modern Russian alphabet appeared in Rus' - the Cyrillic alphabet (created by Cyril and Methodius). The long, 736-year history of the great dynasty begins with Rurik. Its scheme is extensive and extremely interesting.

After the death of Rurik, his relative, Oleg, nicknamed the Prophet, became the ruler of Novgorod, and from 882 of Kievan Rus. The nickname was fully justified: this prince defeated the Khazars - dangerous opponents of Rus', then, together with his army, crossed the Black Sea and “nailed a shield to the gates of Constantinople” (that’s what Istanbul was called in those years).

In the spring of 912, Oleg died from an accident - a viper bite (this snake is especially poisonous in the spring). It happened like this: the prince stepped on the skull of his horse and managed to disturb the snake that was wintering there.

Igor became the new prince of Kievan Rus. Under him, Rus' continued to grow stronger. The Pechenegs were defeated, and power over the Drevlyans was strengthened. The most important event was the clash with Byzantium.

After failure in 941 (the so-called Greek fire was used against the Russian fleet), Igor returned to Kyiv. Having gathered a large army, in 944 (or 943) he decided to attack Byzantium from two sides: from land - cavalry, and the main forces of the army were to attack Constantinople from the sea.

Realizing that this time the battle with the enemy was fraught with defeat, the emperor of Byzantium decided to pay off. In 944, a trade and military agreement was signed between Kievan Rus and the Byzantine Empire.

The dynasty is continued by Igor’s grandson Vladimir Svyatoslavovich (aka the Baptist or Yasno Solnyshko) - a mysterious and contradictory personality. He often fought with his brothers and shed a lot of blood, especially during the spread of Christianity. At the same time, the prince took care of a reliable system of defensive structures, hoping to solve the problem of Pecheneg raids.

It was under Vladimir the Great that a terrible disaster began, which ultimately destroyed Kievan Rus - civil strife between the local Rurikovichs. And although strong princes appeared like Yaroslav the Wise or Vladimir Monomakh (it is symbolic that it was the “Monomakh’s crown” that adorned the heads of the first Romanovs), Rus' strengthened only during their reign. And then civil strife in Rus' flared up with renewed vigor.

Rulers of Moscow and Kievan Rus

After the split of the Christian Church into Orthodox and Catholic directions, the Suzdal and Novgorod princes realized that Orthodoxy was much better. As a result, original paganism was fused with the Orthodox direction of Christianity. This is how Russian Orthodoxy appeared, a powerful unifying idea. Thanks to this, the powerful Moscow principality, and later the kingdom, eventually arose. From this core Russia later emerged.

In 1147, a settlement called Moscow became the center of new Rus'.

Important! The Tatars played an important role in the founding of this city. They became a link between Christians and pagans, a kind of intermediaries. Thanks to this, the Rurik dynasty firmly occupied the throne.

But Kievan Rus sinned with one-sidedness - Christianity was forcibly introduced there. At the same time, the adult population professing paganism was destroyed. It is not surprising that there was a split between the princes: some defended paganism, while others converted to Christianity.

The throne became too shaky. Thus, the family tree of the Rurik dynasty was divided into successful rulers, creators of the future Russia, and losers who disappeared from history by the end of the 13th century.

In 1222, the squad of one of the princes robbed a Tatar trade caravan, killing the merchants themselves. The Tatars set out on a campaign and in 1223 clashed with the Kyiv princes on the Kalka River. Due to civil strife, the princely squads fought uncoordinatedly, and the Tatars completely defeated the enemy.

The insidious Vatican immediately took advantage of the convenient opportunity and gained the trust of the princes, including the ruler of the Galicia-Volyn principality Danila Romanovich. We agreed on a joint campaign against the Tatars in 1240. However, the princes were in for a very unpleasant surprise: the allied army came and... demanded a colossal tribute! And all because these were the notorious crusading knights of the Teutonic Order - armored bandits.

Kyiv desperately defended itself, but on the fourth day of the siege the crusaders broke into the city and carried out a terrible pogrom. This is how Kievan Rus perished.

One of the rulers of Muscovite Rus', Prince of Novgorod Alexander Yaroslavovich, learned about the fall of Kyiv. If before this there was serious mistrust of the Vatican, now it has grown into hostility.

It is quite possible that the Vatican tried to play the same card as with the Kyiv princes, and sent ambassadors with a proposal for a joint campaign against the Tatars. If the Vatican did so, then it was in vain - the answer was a categorical refusal.

At the end of 1240, the combined army of crusading knights and Swedes was completely defeated on the Neva. Hence the nickname of the prince -

In 1242, the crusading knights again clashed with the Russian army. The result was the complete defeat of the crusaders.

Thus, in the middle of the 13th century, the roads of Kievan and Muscovite Rus diverged. Kyiv fell under the occupation of the Vatican for several centuries, while Moscow, on the contrary, grew stronger and continued to defeat its enemies. But the history of the dynasty continued.

Princes Ivan III and Vasily III

By the 1470s, the Moscow Principality was a fairly strong state. His influence gradually expanded. The Vatican sought to solve the problem of Russian Orthodoxy, and therefore constantly fueled the quarrel between high-born princes and boyars, hoping to crush the future Russian state.

However, Ivan III continued the reforms, simultaneously establishing profitable ties with Byzantium.

This is interesting! Grand Duke Ivan III was the first to use the title “tsar,” albeit in correspondence.

Vasily III continued the reforms begun under his father. Along the way, the struggle continued with the eternal enemies - the Shuisky family. The Shuiskys were engaged, in Stalinist terms, in espionage for the Vatican.

Childlessness upset Vasily so much that he divorced his first wife and got her tonsured as a nun. The prince's second wife was Elena Glinskaya, and it turned out to be a marriage of love. For the first three years the marriage was childless, but in the fourth year a miracle happened - the heir to the throne was born!

Board of Elena Glinskaya

After the death of Vasily III, his wife Elena managed to seize power. In a short five years, the Empress of All Rus' achieved a lot.

For example:

• One of the revolts was suppressed. The instigator, Mikhail Glinsky, ended up in prison (in vain he went against his niece).
• The evil influence of the Shuiskys decreased.
• For the first time, a coin was minted, depicting a horseman with a spear, the coin was called a penny.

However, the enemies poisoned the hated ruler - in 1538 the princess dies. And a little later, Prince Obolensky (the possible father of Ivan the Terrible, but the fact of paternity has not been proven) ends up in prison.

Ivan IV the Terrible

The name of this king was cruelly slandered at first by order of the Vatican. Later, freemason-historian N. Karamzin, commissioned by Amsterdam, in the book “History of the Russian State”, will draw a portrait of the great ruler of Rus' Ivan IV only in black paints. At the same time, both the Vatican and Holland called such scoundrels as Henry VIII and Oliver Cromwell great.

If we take a sober look at what these politicians did, we will see a completely different picture. For Ivan IV, murder was a very unpleasant thing.

Therefore, he executed enemies only when other methods of struggle were ineffective. But Henry VIII and Oliver Cromwell considered murder the norm and in every possible way encouraged public executions and other horrors.

The childhood of the future Tsar Ivan IV was alarming. His mother and named father waged an unequal struggle against numerous enemies and traitors. When Ivan was eight years old, his mother died, and his named father ended up in prison, where he soon also died.

Five long years dragged on for Ivan like a complete nightmare. The most terrible figures were the Shuiskys: they robbed the treasury with might and main, walked around the palace as if at home, and could unceremoniously throw their feet on the table.

At thirteen years old, young Prince Ivan showed his character for the first time: on his orders, one of the Shuiskys was seized by the huntsmen, and this happened right at a meeting of the boyar duma. Taking the boyar out into the courtyard, the hounds finished him off.

And in January 1547, an important event happened, truly historical: Ivan IV Vasilyevich was “crowned to the throne,” that is, declared tsar.

Important! The pedigree of the Romanov dynasty was tied to kinship with the first Russian Tsar. This was a strong trump card.

The reign of Ivan IV the Terrible is an entire era of 37 years. You can learn more about this era by watching analyst Andrei Fursov’s video dedicated to it.

Let us briefly go over the most important milestones of this reign.

These are the milestones:

• 1547 - Ivan’s crowning of the kingdom, the Tsar’s marriage, the fire of Moscow set up by the Shuiskys.
• 1560 – death of Ivan’s wife Anastasia, escalation of hostility between the tsar and the boyars.
• 1564 – 1565 – departure of Ivan IV from Moscow, his return and the beginning of the oprichnina.
• 1571 – Tokhtamysh burns Moscow.
• 1572 – Khan Devlet-Girey gathered the entire army of the Crimean Tatars. They attacked, hoping to finish off the kingdom, but the entire people rose to defend the country, and the Tatar army returned to Crimea.
• 1581 – Tsarevich Ivan, the Tsar’s eldest son, dies of poisoning.
• 1584 – death of Tsar Ivan IV.

There was a lot of controversy about the wives of Ivan IV the Terrible. However, it is reliably known that the king was married four times, and one of the marriages was not counted (the bride died too soon, the reason was poisoning). And three wives were tortured by boyar poisoners, among whom the main suspects were the Shuiskys.

The last wife of Ivan IV, Marya Nagaya, outlived her husband for a long time and became a witness to the Great Troubles in Rus'.

The last of the Rurik dynasty

Although Vasily Shuisky is considered the last of the Rurik dynasty, this has not been proven. In reality, the last of the great dynasty was the third son of Ivan the Terrible, Fedor.

Fedor Ivanovich ruled only formally, but in reality power was in the hands of the chief adviser Boris Fedorovich Godunov. In the period from 1584 to 1598, tension grew in Rus' due to the confrontation between Godunov and the Shuiskys.

And the year 1591 was marked by a mysterious event. Tsarevich Dmitry died tragically in Uglich. Was Boris Godunov guilty of this or was it the devilish machinations of the Vatican? So far there is no clear answer to this question - this story is so confusing.

In 1598, the childless Tsar Fedor died without continuing the dynasty.

This is interesting! When opening the remains, scientists learned the terrible truth: Fyodor was persecuted for many years, just like the family of Ivan the Terrible in general! A convincing explanation was obtained for the fact why Tsar Fedor was childless.

Boris Godunov took the throne, and the reign of the new tsar was marked by an unprecedented crop failure, famine of 1601–1603, and rampant crime. The intrigues of the Vatican also took their toll, and as a result, in 1604, the active phase of the turmoil, the Time of Troubles, began. This time ended only with the accession of a new dynasty - the Romanovs.

The Rurik dynasty is an integral part of the history of Rus'. The genealogy of Russian princes, sovereigns and the first Russian tsars is something that any self-respecting historian of Russia needs to know.

You can see a photo of the family tree of the Rurik dynasty with years of rule below.

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Rurikovich- a princely and royal dynasty that ruled in Ancient Rus', and then in the Russian kingdom from 862 to 1598. In addition, in 1606-1610 the Russian Tsar was Vasily Shuisky, also a descendant of Rurik.

Numerous noble families go back to Rurik, such as the Shuisky, Odoevsky, Volkonsky, Gorchakov, Baryatinsky, Obolensky, Repnin, Dolgorukov, Shcherbatov, Vyazemsky, Kropotkin, Dashkov, Dmitriev, Mussorgsky, Shakhovsky, Eropkin, Lvov, Prozorovsky, Ukhtomsky, Pozharsky, Gagarins, Romodanovskys, Khilkovs. Representatives of these clans played a significant role in the social, cultural and political life of the Russian Empire, and then of the Russian diaspora.

The first Rurikovichs. Period of the centralized state

The Kiev chronicler of the early 12th century brings the Rurik dynasty “from beyond the sea.” According to the chronicle legend, the peoples of the north of Eastern Europe - the Chud, the Ves, the Slovenes and the Krivichi - decided to look for a prince from the Varangians, who were called Rus. Three brothers responded to the call - Rurik, Sineus and Truvor. The first sat down to reign in Novgorod, the center of the Slovenes, the second - on Beloozero, the third - in Izborsk. Rurik's warriors Askold and Dir, having descended the Dnieper, began to reign in Kyiv, in the land of the glades, saving the latter from the need to pay tribute to the nomadic Khazars. Many scientists identify Rurik with the Scandinavian king Rorik of Jutland; F. Kruse was the first to put forward this hypothesis in 1836.

The direct ancestors of the subsequent Rurikovichs were the son of Rurik Igor (ruled 912-945) and the son of Igor and Olga (945-960) Svyatoslav (945-972). In 970, Svyatoslav divided the territories under his control between his sons: Yaropolk was planted in Kyiv, Oleg in the land of the Drevlyans, and Vladimir in Novgorod. In 978 or 980, Vladimir removed Yaropolk from power. In Novgorod (Slovenia) he planted his eldest son - Vysheslav (later Yaroslav), in Turov (Dregovichi) - Svyatopolk, in the land of the Drevlyans - Svyatoslav, and in Rostov (land Merya, colonized by the Slavs) - Yaroslav (later Boris), in Vladimir -Volynsk (Volynians) - Vsevolod, in Polotsk (Polotsk Krivichi) - Izyaslav, in Smolensk (Smolensk Krivichi) - Stanislav, and in Murom (originally the land of the Murom people) - Gleb. Another son of Vladimir, Mstislav, began to rule the Tmutorokan principality - an enclave of Rus' in the Eastern Azov region with its center on the Taman Peninsula.

After Vladimir's death in 1015, his sons launched an internecine struggle for power. Vladimir wanted to see his son Boris as his successor, but power in Kyiv ended up in the hands of Svyatopolk. He organized the murder of his three brothers - Boris and Gleb, who later became the first Russian saints, as well as Svyatoslav. In 1016, Yaroslav, who reigned in Novgorod, opposed Svyatopolk. In the battle of Lyubech, he defeated his younger brother, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland to his father-in-law Boleslav the Brave. In 1018, Boleslav and Svyatopolk set out on a campaign against Rus' and were taken to Kyiv. Having returned the Kiev throne to his son-in-law, the Polish prince returned. Yaroslav, having hired a Varangian squad, again moved to Kyiv. Svyatopolk fled. In 1019, Svyatopolk came to Kyiv with the Pecheneg army, but was defeated by Yaroslav in the battle on the Alta River.

In 1021, the war with Yaroslav was waged by his nephew, the Polotsk prince Bryachislav, and in 1024 - by his brother, the Tmutorokan prince Mstislav. Mstislav's forces won a victory at Listven near Chernigov, but the prince did not lay claim to Kyiv - the brothers entered into an agreement under which the entire left bank of the Dnieper with its center in Chernigov went to Mstislav. Until 1036, there was dual power in Rus' between Yaroslav and Mstislav Vladimirovich, but then the second died, leaving no sons, and Yaroslav concentrated all power in his hands. To prevent a repetition of civil strife, he drew up a will, according to which Kyiv and Novgorod remained in the hands of one person - the eldest son of Izyaslav. In the south of Rus', power was to be shared with Izyaslav by his brothers Svyatoslav (Chernigov) and Vsevolod (Pereyaslavl). After the death of Yaroslav in 1054, this “triumvirate” shared supreme power in the state for 14 years, after which Rus' again faced strife. The Kiev table was captured by the Polotsk prince Vseslav Bryachislavich (in 1068-1069), and then Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (in 1073-1076). After 1078, when Vsevolod Yaroslavich became the prince of Kyiv, the situation in Rus' stabilized. In 1093, after his death, internecine struggle broke out with renewed vigor: the grandchildren and great-grandsons of Yaroslav competed for power. A particularly fierce struggle took place in the South-West of Rus'; in addition to the Russian princes, foreigners - the Hungarians and the Polovtsians - were involved in it. At the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries, the descendants of Yaroslav were able to agree on the distribution of volosts: at the congress of princes in Lyubech (1097) it was decided that the descendants of the three eldest sons of Yaroslav Vladimirovich should own the lands received from their fathers - “patterns”.

The period of strengthening the supreme power in Rus' began after the reign in Kyiv in 1113 of the son of Vsevolod Yaroslavich and the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomakh - Vladimir Vsevolodovich, who also received the nickname “Monomakh”. He reigned in Kyiv until 1125. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Mstislav Vladimirovich, after whose death the process of separation of the principalities became irreversible. Several state entities appeared on the territory of Rus'. Of these, only the Kyiv land did not have its own dynasty or its semblance, and, as a result, until the invasion of Batu, Kyiv was the object of constant struggle between different princes.

Rurikovich during the period of fragmentation

All lands gained political independence at different times. The Chernigov land actually received it before 1132. By decision of the Lyubech Congress, Davyd and Oleg Svyatoslavich, the sons of the Kyiv prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, settled here, and then their descendants - the Davydovich and Olgovich. In 1127, the Murom-Ryazan land was separated from the Chernigov principality, inherited by Oleg and Davyd’s brother Yaroslav and later divided into Murom and Ryazan. The Przemysl and Trebovl principalities united in 1141 under the rule of Vladimirko Volodarievich, the great-grandson of the eldest son of Yaroslav the Wise Vladimir. Vladimirko made Galich his capital - this is how the history of the separate Galician land began. The Polotsk land in 1132 again passed into the hands of the descendants of Izyaslav Vladimirovich. Representatives of the senior branch of the descendants of Vladimir Monomakh (from his first wife) ruled in the Smolensk and Volyn lands. His grandson Rostislav Mstislavich became the first independent prince in Smolensk and the founder of an independent Smolensk dynasty. In the Volyn land, a local dynasty was founded by Izyaslav Mstislavich, the brother of the previous one, and in the Suzdal (Rostov) land - the son of Monomakh from his second marriage, Yuri Dolgoruky. All of them - Rostislav, Mstislav, and Yuri - at first received their lands only as a holding, but after some time they secured them for themselves and their closest relatives.

Another territory where the power of the Monomashichs was established was the Pereyaslavl land. However, a full-fledged dynasty did not form there - both branches of Monomakh’s descendants argued over ownership of the land.

The Turovo-Pinsk land passed from hand to hand for a long time, and only towards the end of the 1150s did the princely family, founded by Yuri Yaroslavich, the grandson of Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, gain a foothold there. In 1136, the Novgorod land also finally separated from Kyiv - after the expulsion of Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich, the period of the Novgorod Republic began here.

In the conditions of division of the state, the most powerful princes tried to expand their possessions and political influence. The main struggle took place over Kyiv, Novgorod, and, from 1199, the Galician table. After the death of Vladimir Yaroslavich, the Galician land was captured by the Volyn prince Roman Mstislavich, who united the Galician and Volyn lands into a single power. Only his son Daniel, who ruled the Galician-Volyn principality from 1238 to 1264, was able to finally restore order in these territories.

Monomashichi - descendants of Yuri Dolgoruky

Suzdal Prince Yuri Dolgoruky had several sons. In an effort to protect the Suzdal land from internal fragmentation, he allocated land to them not within its borders, but in the South. In 1157, Yuri died and was succeeded in the Suzdal land by Andrei Bogolyubsky (1157-1174). In 1162, he sent several brothers and nephews outside the Suzdal region. After his death at the hands of the conspirators, two of his expelled nephews - Mstislav and Yaropolk Rostislavich - were invited by the Rostov and Suzdal residents to the throne. Meanwhile, the “younger” cities of Suzdal land supported the claims to power of Andrei’s brothers - Mikhalka and Vsevolod. In 1176, after the death of his brother, Vsevolod began to reign individually in Vladimir, and a year later he defeated the Rostov squad of Mstislav Rostislavich near Yuryev. Vsevolod Yurievich ruled until 1212, he received the nickname Big Nest. He began to title himself "Grand Duke."

After the death of Vsevolod the Big Nest, his sons, and then the sons of his son, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, became the Grand Dukes of Vladimir for several decades, one after another. In 1252, Alexander Nevsky received the label for the great reign of Vladimir. Under him, the authority of the Grand Duke's power strengthened, and Novgorod and Smolensk finally entered its field of influence. After the death of Alexander, under his sons Dmitry Pereyaslavsky (1277-1294) and Andrei Gorodetsky (1294-1304), Vladimir’s political weight, on the contrary, weakened. The “ladder system” of succession to the Vladimir throne assumed that the great reign would belong to the eldest descendant of Vsevolod the Big Nest, and from the beginning of the 14th century the great princes of Vladimir preferred to live in the centers of their fiefs, only occasionally visiting Vladimir.

Moscow dynasty

The independent Principality of Moscow arose under Alexander Nevsky. Daniil of Moscow became the first prince. By the end of his life, he annexed a number of territories to his inheritance, and the young principality began to quickly gain strength. The goal of Daniel's eldest son, Yuri (1303-1325), was the great reign of Vladimir: in 1318, having defeated the Tver prince Mikhail Yaroslavich, Yuri received the label, but in 1322 Khan Uzbek transferred it to the Tver prince Dmitry. Having gone to the Horde to defend his rights, Yuri was killed by Dmitry Tverskoy. Childless Yuri was succeeded by his younger brother Ivan Danilovich, better known by his nickname Kalita. His goal was the rise of Moscow. In 1327, he took part in the punitive campaign of the Tatars against Tver, the inhabitants of which killed a large Tatar detachment, and soon received the khan's label for the great reign of Vladimir. Both Kalita and his sons Semyon the Proud (1340-1353) and Ivan the Red (1353-1359) strove in every possible way to maintain peace in relations with the Horde. Ivan the Red was succeeded by his young son Dmitry. Under him, the great reign of Vladimir became the “patrimony” of the Moscow princes. In 1367, the Moscow ruling elite took into custody the Tver prince Mikhail, who came to the negotiations. He miraculously escaped from captivity and complained to his son-in-law, the Lithuanian prince Olgerd. The Lithuanians marched on Moscow three times. In 1375, Dmitry Ivanovich marched to Tver with a large army. The city withstood the siege, but Mikhail Tverskoy decided not to risk it and recognized himself as a vassal of Dmitry of Moscow. In the mid-1370s, Dmitry began to prepare for war with the Horde. Many princes supported him. In 1380, Russian troops won a decisive victory over the forces of the Horde commander Mamai in the Battle of Kulikovo, but the princes failed to quickly unite in the face of a new danger. In the summer of 1382, Moscow was captured by the troops of Khan Tokhtamysh, and Dmitry had to resume paying tribute. After Dmitry Donskoy, his son Vasily I (1389-1425) reigned. Under him, Moscow managed to avoid plunder twice: in 1395, Timur, who had already occupied the city of Yelets, unexpectedly abandoned the campaign against Moscow, and in 1408, the Muscovites managed to pay off Timur’s protege Edigei, whose troops were already standing under the walls of the city.

In 1425, Vasily I died, and a long dynastic turmoil began in the Moscow principality (1425-1453). Some of the descendants of Dmitry Donskoy and the nobility supported the young Vasily II, and some supported his uncle, Prince Yuri of Zvenigorod. A weak ruler and commander, in the summer of 1445 Vasily II was captured by the Tatars and was released in exchange for a huge ransom. The son of Yuri Zvenigorodsky, Dmitry Shemyaka, who ruled in Uglich, took advantage of the outrage over the size of the ransom: he captured Moscow, took Vasily II prisoner and ordered him to be blinded. In February 1447, Vasily regained the Moscow throne and gradually took revenge on all his opponents. Dmitry Shemyaka, who fled to Novgorod, was poisoned in 1453 by people sent from Moscow.

In 1462, Vasily the Dark died, and his son Ivan (1462-1505) ascended the throne. During the 43 years of his reign, Ivan III managed to create a unified Russian state for the first time after hundreds of years of fragmentation. Already in the 1470s, Ivan Vasilyevich ordered that in diplomatic correspondence he be called “Sovereign of All Rus'.” In 1480, with the stand on the Ugra, more than two centuries of the Horde yoke ended. Ivan III set out to gather all Russian lands under his scepter: one after another, Perm (1472), Yaroslavl (1473), Rostov (1474), Novgorod (1478), Tver (1485), Vyatka (1489), Pskov fell under the rule of Moscow. (1510), Ryazan (1521). Most of the estates were liquidated. Ivan III's heir was ultimately his son, Vasily III, born in marriage to Sophia Paleologus. Thanks to his mother, he won the long dynastic struggle with the grandson of Ivan III from the eldest son born of his first wife. Vasily III ruled until 1533, after which the throne was taken by his heir Ivan IV the Terrible. Until 1538, the country was actually ruled by the regent, his mother Elena Glinskaya. Ivan Vasilyevich's heir was his eldest son Ivan, but in 1581 he died from a blow from a staff that his father dealt him. As a result, his father was succeeded by his second son, Fedor. He was incapable of government, and in fact the country was ruled by his wife’s brother, boyar Boris Godunov. After the death of the childless Fyodor in 1598, the Zemsky Sobor elected Boris Godunov as tsar. The Rurik dynasty on the Russian throne came to an end. In 1606-1610, however, Vasily Shuisky, from the family of descendants of the Suzdal princes, also Rurikovich, reigned in Russia.

Tver branch

The Tver principality began to gain strength in the second half of the 13th century, becoming an independent inheritance of Alexander Nevsky's younger brother Yaroslav Yaroslavich. After him, Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (until 1282) and Mikhail Yaroslavich (1282-1318) reigned in Tver in turn. The latter received the label for the great reign of Vladimir, and Tver became the main center of North-Eastern Rus'. Serious political mistakes led to the loss of leadership in favor of Moscow of the Tver princes: both Mikhail Tverskoy and his sons Dmitry Mikhailovich the Terrible Ochi (1322-1326) and Alexander Mikhailovich (1326-1327, 1337-1339) were executed by order of the Horde khans. The fate of his two older brothers forced Konstantin Mikhailovich (1328-1346) to exercise extreme caution in his political steps. After his death, another son of Mikhail Tverskoy, Vasily Mikhailovich (1349-1368), reigned in Tver. As a result of long strife, he eventually lost the throne, and Tver came under the rule of the appanage prince Mikhail Alexandrovich Mikulinsky. In 1375, he made peace with Dmitry of Moscow, after which Moscow and Tver did not conflict for a long time. In particular, the Tver prince maintained neutrality during the war between Dmitry of Moscow and Mamai in 1380. After Mikhail Alexandrovich, Ivan Mikhailovich (1399-1425) ruled in Tver; he continued his father’s policies. The heyday of the Tver principality came under the successor and grandson of Ivan Mikhailovich Boris Alexandrovich (1425-1461), but the continuation of the policy of “armed neutrality” did not help the Tver princes prevent the conquest of Tver by Moscow.

Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan branches

The Principality of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod occupied a prominent position in North-Eastern Rus'. The short-lived rise of Suzdal occurred during the reign of Alexander Vasilyevich (1328-1331), who received the label for the great reign from the Uzbek Khan. In 1341, Khan Janibek transferred Nizhny Novgorod and Gorodets from Moscow back to the Suzdal princes. In 1350, Prince Konstantin Vasilyevich of Suzdal (1331-1355) moved the capital of the principality from Suzdal to Nizhny Novgorod. The Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod princes failed to achieve the flourishing of their state: the uncertain foreign policy of Dmitry Konstantinovich (1365-1383) and the strife that began after his death undermined the resources and authority of the principality and gradually turned it into the possession of the Moscow princes.

The Ryazan principality, which emerged in the middle of the 12th century, was ruled by the descendants of Yaroslav Svyatoslavich, the youngest son of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich of Chernigov, one of the three Yaroslavichs. In the second half, Prince Oleg Ivanovich Ryazansky ruled here. He tried to pursue a flexible policy, maintaining neutrality in the confrontation between the Tatars and Moscow. In 1402, Oleg Ryazansky died, and dynastic ties between Ryazan and Moscow began to strengthen. Prince Vasily Ivanovich (1456-1483) married the daughter of Ivan III of Moscow, Anna. In 1521, Vasily III included the lands of the Ryazan principality into his possessions.

Polotsk, Chernigov, Galician dynasties

The Polotsk princes did not descend from Yaroslav the Wise, like all the other Russian princes, but from another son of Vladimir the Saint, Izyaslav, therefore the Principality of Polotsk always kept itself apart. The Izyaslavichs were the senior branch of the Rurikovichs. From the beginning of the 14th century, rulers of Lithuanian origin reigned in Polotsk.

In the Chernigovo-Bryansk and Smolensk principalities, Moscow competed with Lithuania. Around 1339, Smolensk recognized the suzerainty of Lithuania over itself. In the winter of 1341-1342, Moscow established family relations with the Bryansk princes, vassals of Smolensk: the daughter of Prince Dmitry Bryansk was married to the son of Ivan Kalita. By the beginning of the 15th century, both Smolensk and Bryansk were finally captured by the Lithuanians.

At the beginning of the 14th century, the grandson of Daniil Galitsky Yuri Lvovich (1301-1308), having subjugated the entire territory of Galicia-Volyn Rus', following the example of his grandfather, took the title of “King of Rus'”. The Galicia-Volyn principality acquired serious military potential and a certain foreign policy independence. After Yuri's death, the principality was divided between his sons Lev (Galich) and Andrei (Vladimir Volynsky). Both princes died in 1323 under unclear circumstances and left no heirs. With the passing of the Yuryevichs, the Rurikovich line in Galicia-Volyn Rus', which had ruled for more than a hundred years, came to an end.

Rurik- according to the chronicle legend, the head of the Varangian military detachment, called by the Ilmen Slavs to reign together with the brothers Sineus and Truvor in Novgorod. Founder of the Rurik dynasty.

Oleg(?—912) - relative of Rurik, prince of Novgorod (from 879) and Kiev (from 882). In 907 he made a trip to Byzantium, in 907 and 911 he concluded treaties with it.

Igor(?—945) - son of Rurik, Grand Duke of Kiev from 912. In 941 and 944 he made campaigns to Byzantium, with which he concluded an agreement. Killed by the Drevlyans, who rebelled during the collection of tribute.

• Children: Svyatoslav - see below
• Olga (?-969) - wife of Prince Igor, Grand Duchess of Kiev. Ruled during the childhood of his son Svyatoslav and during his campaigns. Suppressed the uprising of the Drevlyans. Around 957 she converted to Christianity.

Svyatoslav(?—972)—son of Prince Igor, Grand Duke of Kiev. Made campaigns from 964 from Kyiv to the Oka, to the Volga region, to the North Caucasus and the Balkans; liberated the Vyatichi from the power of the Khazars, fought with Volga Bulgaria, defeated (965) the Khazar Khaganate, and in 967 fought with Bulgaria in the Danube region. In alliance with the Hungarians, Bulgarians and others, he fought the Russian-Byzantine War of 970-971. Strengthened the foreign policy position of the Kyiv state. Killed by the Pechenegs at the Dnieper rapids.

• Children: Vladimir (see below)
• Oleg (?-977), Prince Drevlyansky

Yaropolk(?-980), Prince of Kiev (from 972). He tried to subjugate territories in the north and northeast of Rus', but was defeated by his younger brother Vladimir.

Vladimir(?-1015) - son of Prince Svyatoslav, Prince of Novgorod (from 969), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 980). Conquered the Vyatichi, Radimichi and Yatvingians; fought with the Pechenegs, Volga Bulgaria, Byzantium and Poland. Under him, defensive lines were built along the Desna, Osetra, Trubezh, Sula and other rivers, Kyiv was re-fortified and built up with stone buildings. In 988-989 he introduced Christianity as the state religion. Under Vladimir, the ancient Russian state entered its heyday, and the international authority of Rus' strengthened. In Russian epics it is called the Red Sun. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.

• Children: Boris (?—1015), Prince of Rostov. Killed by supporters of Svyatopolk. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
• Vsevolod, Prince of Vladimir-Volynsky
• Vysheslav, Prince of Novgorod

Gleb(7- I 0 I 5), Prince of Murom. Killed by order of Svyatopolk. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church

• Izyaslav (see below)

Mstislav(?-1O36), prince of Tmutarakan (from 988) and Chernigov (from 1026). He conquered a number of Caucasian tribes. The struggle with Prince Yaroslav the Wise ended with the division of the state along the Dnieper River, which remained until the death of Mstislav.

Svyatoslav(?—1015), Prince Drevlyansky. Killed by order of Svyatopolk

Svyatopolk the Accursed(c. 980-1019), Prince of Turov (from 988) and Kiev (1015-1019). He killed three of his brothers and took possession of their inheritance. Expelled by Yaroslav the Wise. In 1018, with the help of Polish and Pecheneg troops, he captured Kyiv, but was defeated.

• Stanislav
• Sudislav (?-1063)

Izyaslav(?-1001) - son of Prince Vladimir, Prince of Polotsk

• Children: Bryachislav (?-1044), Prince of Polotsk
• Grandchildren: Vseslav (?-1101), Prince of Polotsk
• Great-grandchildren: Gleb (?-1119), Prince of Minsk
• Great-great-grandchildren: Vladimir, Prince Minsky
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Vasily, Prince Logovsky
• Great-great-grandchildren: Vsevolod, Prince of Izyaslavl

Rostislav, Prince of Polotsk

• Great-grandchildren: David, Prince of Polotsk
• Rogvolod (Boris), Prince of Polotsk
• Great-great-grandchildren: Vasily (Rogvolod), Prince of Polotsk
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Gleb, Prince Drutsky
• Great-grandchildren: Roman (?-1116), Prince of Polotsk
• Rostislav (George)
• Svyatoslav, Prince of Polotsk
• Great-great-grandchildren: Vasilko, Prince of Polotsk
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Bryachislav, Prince of Vitebsk
• Vseslav, Prince of Polotsk

Yaroslav the Wise(c. 978-1054) - son of Prince Vladimir, Grand Duke of Kiev (1019). He expelled Svyatopolk the Accursed, fought with his brother Mstislav, divided the state with him (1026), and united it again in 1036. With a series of victories he secured the southern and western borders of Rus'. Established dynastic ties with many European countries. “Russkaya Pravda” was compiled under him.

• Children: Anastasia, Queen of Hungary
• Anna (c. 1024 - no earlier than 1075), wife (1049-1060) of the French king Henry I. Ruler of France during the early childhood of her son Philip I
• Vladimir (?-1052), Prince of Novgorod
• Grandchildren: Rostislav, Prince of Tmutarakan
• Great-grandchildren: Vasilko (?-1124), Prince Terebovlsky

Volodar(?—1124), Prince of Przemysl. He sought independence of the Galician land from Kyiv. Using an alliance with the Cumans and Byzantium, together with his brother Vasilko, he successfully fought the Hungarian and Polish feudal lords. He fought with the princes Svyatopolk Izyaslavich and David Igorevich. Established himself together with Vasilko in Terebovlya.

• Great-great-grandchildren: Vladimir (?-1152)
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Yaroslav Osmomysl (?-I87), Prince of Galicia. Participant in numerous feudal wars, campaigns against the Polovtsians and Hungarians. He strengthened the Principality of Galicia with many international connections. Fought against the separatism of the boyars.
• Great-great-grandchildren: Rostislav
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Ivan Berladnik (?-1162)
• Great-grandchildren: Rurik (?—1092), Prince of Przemysl
• Children: Vsevolod (1030-1093), Prince of Pereyaslavl (from 1054), Chernigov (from 1077), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 1078). Together with his brothers Izyaslav and Svyatoslav, he fought against the Polovtsians.
• Grandchildren: Vladimir Monomakh (see below)
• Eupraxia (?-1109)

Rostislav(?—1093), Prince of Pereyaslavl

• Children: Vyacheslav (?—1057), Prince of Smolensk
• Grandchildren: Boris (?—1078), Prince of Tmutarakan
• Children: Elizabeth, Queen of Norway
• Igor (?—1060), Prince of Vladimir
• Grandchildren: David (?-1112), Prince of Vladimir-Volynsky
• Children: Izyaslav (1024-1078), Grand Duke of Kiev (1054-1068,1069-1073,1077-1078). Expelled from Kyiv (by a popular uprising in 1068 and by his brothers in 1073), he regained power with the help of foreign troops.
• Grandchildren: Eupraxia, Queen of Poland
• Mstislav (?-1068)

Svyatopolk(1050-1113), Prince of Polotsk in 1069-1071, Novgorod in 1078-1088, Turov in 1088-1093, Grand Duke of Kiev from 1093. Hypocritical and cruel, incited princely civil strife; The oppression of the people prepared the uprising that broke out in Kyiv after his death.

• Great-grandchildren: Bryachislav (?-1127)
• Izyaslav (?-1127)
• Mstislav (?-1099)
• Yaroslav (?—1123), Prince of Vladimir
• Great-great-grandchildren: Yuri (?-1162)
• Grandchildren: Yaropolk (?—1086), Prince of Turov
• Great-grandchildren: Vyacheslav (?-1105)
• Yaroslav (?-1102), Prince of Brest
• Children: Ilya (?-1020)

Svyatoslav(1027-1076), Prince of Chernigov from 1054, Grand Duke of Kiev from 1073. Together with his brother Vsevolod, he defended the southern borders of Rus' from the Polovtsians and Turks

• Grandchildren: Gleb (?-1078), Prince of Novgorod and Tmutarakan
• David (see below)
• Oleg Gorislavich (see below)
• Roman (?—1079), Prince of Tmutarakan
• Yaroslav (?-1129), Prince of Murom and Chernigov
• Davil Svyatoslavich (?—1123), grandson of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, Prince of Chernigov
• Children: Vladimir (?-1151), Prince of Chernigov
• Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (?—1166), Prince Vshchizhsky
• Children: Vsevolod (?-1124), Prince of Murom
• Izyaslav (?—1161), Grand Duke of Kiev
• Rostislav (?-1120)
• Svyatoslav (Svyatosha) (?-1142), Prince of Chernigov

Oleg Svyatoslavich(Gorislavich) (?—1115) - grandson of Yaroslav the Wise. He reigned in the Rostov-Suzdal land, in Volyn; Having lost his possessions, he fled to Tmutarakan, twice, with the support of the Polovtsians, captured Chernigov, was captured by the Khazars, then in Byzantium in exile to Fr. Rhodes. In “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” he is nicknamed Gorislavich.

• Children: Vsevolod (?—1146), Prince of Chernigov (1127—1139), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 1139). Participant in civil strife; brutally oppressed the people, which caused an uprising in Kyiv after his death.
• Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (?—1194), Grand Duke of Kiev
• Great-grandchildren: Vladimir (?—1201), Prince of Novgorod
• Vsevolod Chermny (?-1212)
• Great-great-grandchildren: Mikhail (1179-1246), Prince of Chernigov. In the 20s several times he was a prince in Novgorod. From 1238 Grand Duke of Kyiv. When the Mongol-Tatar troops advanced, he fled to Hungary. Returned to Rus'; killed in the Golden Horde.
• Great-great-great-grandchildren: Rostislav (?-1249)
• Great-grandchildren: Gleb(?-1214)
• Great-great-grandchildren: Mstislav, Prince of Turov
• Great-grandchildren: Mstislav (?—1223), Prince of Chernigov
• Oleg (?—1204), Prince of Chernigov
• Great-great-grandchildren: David
• Grandchildren: Yaroslav (?—1198), Prince of Chernigov
• Great-grandchildren: Rostislav (?—1214), Prince Snovsky

Yaropolk

• Children: Vsevolod the Big Nest (1154-1212), Grand Duke of Vladimir. Successfully fought against the feudal nobility; subjugated Kyiv, Chernigov, Ryazan, Novgorod. During his reign, Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' reached its greatest prosperity. He had 12 children (hence the nickname).
• Grandchildren: Ivan (?-1239), Prince Starodubsky

Konstantin(1186-1219), Grand Duke of Vladimir (from 1216). In 1206-1207 he reigned in Novgorod. With the support of Prince Mstislav Mstislavich the Udal and the Novgorod-Pskov-Smolensk-Rostov general army, he defeated his brothers Yaroslav and Yuri in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). He took the Grand Duke's table from Yuri.

• Great-grandchildren: Vasily (?—1238), Prince of Rostov
• Vladimir (?—1249), Prince of Uglitsky
• Vsevolod (7-1238), Prince of Yaroslavl
• Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (?—1252)

Yuri (George)(1188-1238), Grand Duke of Vladimir (1212-1216 and from 1218). He was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216) and lost the great reign to his brother Constantine. In 1221 Nizhny Novgorod was founded; defeated and killed in battle with the Mongol-Tatars on the Sit River.

• Great-grandchildren: Vladimir (?-1238)
• Vsevolod (?—1238), Prince of Novgorod
• Mstislav (?-1238)
• Grandchildren: Yaroslav (1191-1246). He reigned in Pereyaslavl, Galich, Ryazan, was invited and expelled by the Novgorodians several times; participant in feudal wars, was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). In 1236-1238 he reigned in Kyiv, from 1238 Grand Duke of Vladimir. He traveled to the Golden Horde twice, as well as to Mongolia.
• Great-grandchildren: Alexander Nevsky (see below)
• Andrey (?—1264)
• Children: Gleb (?—1171), Prince of Pereyaslavsky
• Ivan (?-1147), Prince of Kursk
• Mikhail (?-1176), Prince of Vladimir
• Mstislav, Prince of Novgorod
• Grandchildren: Yaroslav (7-1199), Prince of Volokolamsk
• Children: Rostislav (7–1151), Prince of Pereyaslavl
• Grandchildren: Mstislav (? - 1178), Prince of Novgorod
• Great-grandchildren: Svyatoslav, Prince of Novgorod
• Grandchildren: Yaropolk (?-1196)
• Children: Svyatoslav (?-1174)
• Yaroslav (?-1166)

Rurik - according to the chronicle legend, the head of the Varangian military detachment, called by the Ilmen Slavs to reign together with the brothers Sineus and Truvor in Novgorod. Founder of the Rurik dynasty.
Oleg (?-912) - relative of Rurik, prince of Novgorod (from 879) and Kiev (from 882). In 907 he made a trip to Byzantium, in 907 and 911 he concluded treaties with it.
Igor (?-945) - son of Rurik, Grand Duke of Kiev from 912. In 941 and 944 he made campaigns to Byzantium, with which he concluded an agreement. Killed by the Drevlyans, who rebelled during the collection of tribute.
Children: Svyatoslav - see below
Olga (?-969) - wife of Prince Igor, Grand Duchess of Kiev. Ruled during the childhood of his son Svyatoslav and during his campaigns. Suppressed the uprising of the Drevlyans. Around 957 she converted to Christianity.
Svyatoslav (?-972) - son of Prince Igor, Grand Duke of Kiev. Made campaigns from 964 from Kyiv to the Oka, to the Volga region, to the North Caucasus and the Balkans; liberated the Vyatichi from the power of the Khazars, fought with Volga Bulgaria, defeated (965) the Khazar Khaganate, and in 967 fought with Bulgaria in the Danube region. In alliance with the Hungarians, Bulgarians and others, he fought the Russian-Byzantine War of 970-971. Strengthened the foreign policy position of the Kyiv state. Killed by the Pechenegs at the Dnieper rapids.

Children: Vladimir (see below)
Oleg (?-977), Prince Drevlyansky
Yaropolk (?-980), Prince of Kiev (from 972). He tried to subjugate territories in the north and northeast of Rus', but was defeated by his younger brother Vladimir.

Vladimir (?-1015) - son of Prince Svyatoslav, Prince of Novgorod (from 969), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 980). Conquered the Vyatichi, Radimichi and Yatvingians; fought with the Pechenegs, Volga Bulgaria, Byzantium and Poland. Under him, defensive lines were built along the Desna, Osetra, Trubezh, Sula and other rivers, Kyiv was re-fortified and built up with stone buildings. In 988-989 he introduced Christianity as the state religion. Under Vladimir, the ancient Russian state entered its heyday, and the international authority of Rus' strengthened. In Russian epics it is called the Red Sun. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Children: Boris (?-1015), Prince of Rostov. Killed by supporters of Svyatopolk. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Vsevolod, Prince of Vladimir-Volynsky
Vysheslav, Prince of Novgorod
Gleb (7- I 0 I 5), Prince of Murom. Killed by order of Svyatopolk. Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church
Izyaslav (see below)
Mstislav (?-1O36), prince of Tmutarakan (from 988) and Chernigov (from 1026). He conquered a number of Caucasian tribes. The struggle with Prince Yaroslav the Wise ended with the division of the state along the Dnieper River, which remained until the death of Mstislav.
Pozvizd
Svyatoslav (?-1015), Prince of Drevlyansky. Killed by order of Svyatopolk
Svyatopolk the Accursed (c. 980-1019), Prince of Turov (from 988) and Kiev (1015-1019). He killed three of his brothers and took possession of their inheritance. Expelled by Yaroslav the Wise. In 1018, with the help of Polish and Pecheneg troops, he captured Kyiv, but was defeated.
Stanislav
Sudislav (?-1063)
Yaroslav the Wise (see below)

Izyaslav (?-1001) -son of Prince Vladimir, Prince of Polotsk

Children: Bryachislav (?-1044), Prince of Polotsk
Grandchildren: Vseslav (?-1101), Prince of Polotsk
Great-grandchildren: Gleb (?-1119), Prince of Minsk
Great-great-grandchildren: Vladimir, Prince Minsky
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Vasily, Prince Logovsky
Great-great-grandchildren: Vsevolod, Prince of Izyaslavl

Rostislav, Prince of Polotsk
Great-grandchildren: David, Prince of Polotsk

Rogvolod (Boris), Prince of Polotsk
Great-great-grandchildren: Vasily (Rogvolod), Prince of Polotsk
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Gleb, Prince Drutsky
Great-grandchildren: Roman (?-1116), Prince of Polotsk

Rostislav (George)

Svyatoslav, Prince of Polotsk
Great-great-grandchildren: Vasilko, Prince of Polotsk
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Bryachislav, Prince of Vitebsk

Vseslav, Prince of Polotsk

Yaroslav the Wise (c. 978-1054) - son of Prince Vladimir, Grand Duke of Kiev (1019). He expelled Svyatopolk the Accursed, fought with his brother Mstislav, divided the state with him (1026), and united it again in 1036. With a series of victories he secured the southern and western borders of Rus'. Established dynastic ties with many European countries. “Russkaya Pravda” was compiled under him.
Children: Anastasia, Queen of Hungary
Anna (c. 1024 - no earlier than 1075), wife (1049-1060) of the French king Henry I. Ruler of France during the early childhood of her son Philip I
Vladimir (?-1052), Prince of Novgorod
Grandchildren: Rostislav, Prince of Tmutarakan
Great-grandchildren: Vasilko (?-1124), Prince Terebovlsky

Volodar (?-1124), Prince of Przemysl. He sought independence of the Galician land from Kyiv. Using an alliance with the Cumans and Byzantium, together with his brother Vasilko, he successfully fought the Hungarian and Polish feudal lords. He fought with the princes Svyatopolk Izyaslavich and David Igorevich. Established himself together with Vasilko in Terebovlya.
Great-great-grandchildren: Vladimir (?-1152)
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Yaroslav Osmomysl (?-I87), Prince of Galicia. Participant in numerous feudal wars, campaigns against the Polovtsians and Hungarians. He strengthened the Principality of Galicia with many international connections. Fought against the separatism of the boyars.
Great-great-grandchildren: Rostislav
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Ivan Berladnik (?-1162)
Great-grandchildren: Rurik (?-1092), Prince of Przemysl
Children: Vsevolod (1030-1093), Prince of Pereyaslavl (from 1054), Chernigov (from 1077), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 1078). Together with his brothers Izyaslav and Svyatoslav, he fought against the Polovtsians.
Grandchildren: Vladimir Monomakh (see below)
Eupraxia (?-1109)
Rostislav (?-1093), Prince of Pereyaslavl
Children: Vyacheslav (?-1057), Prince of Smolensk
Grandchildren: Boris (?-1078), Prince of Tmutarakan
Children: Elizabeth, Queen of Norway

Igor (?-1060), Prince of Vladimir
Grandchildren: David (?-1112), Prince of Vladimir-Volynsky
Children: Izyaslav (1024-1078), Grand Duke of Kiev (1054-1068,1069-1073,1077-1078). Expelled from Kyiv (by a popular uprising in 1068 and by his brothers in 1073), he regained power with the help of foreign troops.
Grandchildren: Eupraxia, Queen of Poland

Mstislav (?-1068)

Svyatopolk (1050-1113), Prince of Polotsk in 1069-1071, Novgorod in 1078-1088, Turov in 1088-1093, Grand Duke of Kiev from 1093. Hypocritical and cruel, incited princely civil strife; The oppression of the people prepared the uprising that broke out in Kyiv after his death.
Great-grandchildren: Bryachislav (?-1127)
Izyaslav (?-1127)
Mstislav (?-1099)

Yaroslav (? - 1123), Prince of Vladimir
Great-great-grandchildren: Yuri (?-1162)
Grandchildren: Yaropolk (?-1086), Prince of Turov
Great-grandchildren: Vyacheslav (?-1105)

Yaroslav (?-1102), Prince of Brest
Children: Ilya (?-1020)

Svyatoslav (1027-1076), Prince of Chernigov from 1054, Grand Duke of Kiev from 1073. Together with his brother Vsevolod, he defended the southern borders of Rus' from the Polovtsians and Turks
Grandchildren: Gleb (?-1078), Prince of Novgorod and Tmutarakan
David (see below)
Oleg Gorislavich (see below)
Roman (?-1079), Prince of Tmutarakan
Yaroslav (?-1129), Prince of Murom and Chernigov

Davil Svyatoslavich (?-1123), grandson of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, Prince of Chernigov
Children: Vladimir (?-1151), Prince of Chernigov
Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (?-1166), Prince Vshchizhsky
Children: Vsevolod (?-1124), Prince of Murom
Izyaslav (?-1161), Grand Duke of Kiev
Rostislav (?-1120)
Svyatoslav (Svyatosha) (?-1142), Prince of Chernigov

Oleg Svyatoslavich (Gorislavich) (?-1115) - grandson of Yaroslav the Wise. He reigned in the Rostov-Suzdal land, in Volyn; Having lost his possessions, he fled to Tmutarakan, twice, with the support of the Polovtsians, captured Chernigov, was captured by the Khazars, then in Byzantium in exile to Fr. Rhodes. In “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” he is nicknamed Gorislavich.
Children: Vsevolod (?-1146), Prince of Chernigov (1127-1139), Grand Duke of Kiev (from 1139). Participant in civil strife; brutally oppressed the people, which caused an uprising in Kyiv after his death.
Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (?-1194), Grand Duke of Kiev
Great-grandchildren: Vladimir (?-1201), Prince of Novgorod
Vsevolod Chermny (?-1212)
Great-great-grandchildren: Mikhail (1179-1246), Prince of Chernigov. In the 20s several times he was a prince in Novgorod. From 1238 Grand Duke of Kyiv. When the Mongol-Tatar troops advanced, he fled to Hungary. Returned to Rus'; killed in the Golden Horde.
Great-great-great-grandchildren: Rostislav (?-1249)
Great-grandchildren: Gleb(?-1214)

Great-great-grandchildren: Mstislav, Prince of Turov
Great-grandchildren: Mstislav (?-1223), Prince of Chernigov

Oleg (?-1204), Prince of Chernigov
Great-great-grandchildren: David
Grandchildren: Yaroslav (?-1198), Prince of Chernigov
Great-grandchildren: Rostislav (?-1214), Prince Snovsky

Yaropolk
Children: Vsevolod the Big Nest (1154-1212), Grand Duke of Vladimir. Successfully fought against the feudal nobility; subjugated Kyiv, Chernigov, Ryazan, Novgorod. During his reign, Vladimir-Suzdal Rus' reached its greatest prosperity. He had 12 children (hence the nickname).
Grandchildren: Ivan (?-1239), Prince Starodubsky
Constantine (1186-1219), Grand Duke of Vladimir (from 1216). In 1206-1207 he reigned in Novgorod. With the support of Prince Mstislav Mstislavich the Udal and the Novgorod-Pskov-Smolensk-Rostov general army, he defeated his brothers Yaroslav and Yuri in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). He took the Grand Duke's table from Yuri.
Great-grandchildren: Vasily (?-1238), Prince of Rostov
Vladimir (? - 1249), Prince of Uglitsky

Vsevolod (7-1238), Prince of Yaroslavl
Grandchildren: Svyatoslav (?-1252)
Yuri (George) (1188-1238), Grand Duke of Vladimir (1212-1216 and from 1218). He was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216) and lost the great reign to his brother Constantine. In 1221 Nizhny Novgorod was founded; defeated and killed in battle with the Mongol-Tatars on the Sit River.
Great-grandchildren: Vladimir (?-1238)

Vsevolod (?-1238), Prince of Novgorod

Mstislav (?-1238)
Grandchildren: Yaroslav (1191-1246). He reigned in Pereyaslavl, Galich, Ryazan, was invited and expelled by the Novgorodians several times; participant in feudal wars, was defeated in the Battle of Lipitsa (1216). In 1236-1238 he reigned in Kyiv, from 1238 Grand Duke of Vladimir. He traveled to the Golden Horde twice, as well as to Mongolia.
Great-grandchildren: Alexander Nevsky (see below)

Andrey (?-1264)
Children: Gleb (?-1171), Prince of Pereyaslavsky

Ivan (?-1147), Prince of Kursk

Mikhail (?-1176), Prince of Vladimir

Mstislav, Prince of Novgorod
Grandchildren: Yaroslav (7-1199), Prince of Volokolamsk
Children: Rostislav (7-1151), Prince of Pereyaslavsky
Grandchildren: Mstislav (? - 1178), Prince of Novgorod
Great-grandchildren: Svyatoslav, Prince of Novgorod
Grandchildren: Yaropolk (?-1196)
Children: Svyatoslav (?-1174) Yaroslav (?-1166)