The author calls Ruslan a heroic warrior. Who is he, a real hero? II

Goals:

• create conditions for working on the concept “Who are the heroes?” when working with literary text;
• continue to work on developing the ability to fully perceive a work of art and respond emotionally to what you read;
• continue work on instilling moral and aesthetic feelings, patriotism and pride in one’s Fatherland.

Equipment:

• excerpt from the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
• portrait of A.S. Pushkin
• exhibition of books of Russian epics.
• fragment from the opera by M.I. Glinka "Ruslan and Lyudmila".
• painting by V.M. Vasnetsov “Bogatyrs”
• multimedia projector
• Presentation (illustrations for the topic of the lesson).
• exhibition of children's drawings on the topic “How I imagine a Russian hero.”

Lesson objectives:

• develop the ability to work on a historical concept;
• bring up feeling of patriotism,
• learn to see the author’s position, predict events, answer questions;

Lesson type: working with literary text

Technology: developing critical thinking through reading and writing.

Techniques: reading with stops, appealing to students’ personal experience, prediction by title, prediction tree, cluster, syncwine, use of “thin” and “thick” questions, essay.

On the board: a statement about heroic heroes

Our heroic rule:
We need to help a friend in need,
To defend a just cause in the struggle,
Overcome the strong man with force.

N. Dobronravov

Heroic strength

It’s not the menacing sky that’s frowning
Blades do not sparkle in the steppe
These are the priests of Ilya Muromets, the disciples came out to fight
Their winds pray for victory
Thorns and crowns await them
Good fellows had a blast
Well done guys had fun
Oh yes you need to live beautifully

Our heroic rule is to help a friend in need
Stand up for the right cause in the fight
Overcome the strongman by force

Oh yes you need to live beautifully
Oh yes, we need to live separately
Our heroic strength, fortitude and willpower

Oh yes you need to live beautifully
Oh yes, we need to live separately
Our heroic strength, fortitude and willpower

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Calling stage

The music of M.I.Glinka sounds.

Sinkwine is offered without the first line

1. ___________
2. Hero of epics
3. Courageous warrior
4. Defender native land
5. Vityaz

Volcano. Red, hot. Erupts, burns, escapes. Fear, disaster, death, danger. Hell.

– Define the first word of syncwine? (Bogatyr)
– Today we will talk about heroes.
- Who are the heroes?
– What times did they live in?
– Do they exist now?

– Today we will talk about heroes.
- Who are the heroes?
– What times did they live in?
– Do they exist now?
– Bogatyr is a hero of Russian epics, a warrior distinguished by unusual strength, daring, courage and intelligence.
– How is this word understood now?
– Now this word is used in a figurative meaning: a person tall and of strong constitution, strong, courageous.
– Which Russian heroes do you know?

– Think about what they could be doing? (They guarded the Russian land.)
– Remember what else you know about them?
– How were they dressed, what did they wear and with what did they go to battle? (Armor: armor, chain mail, sword, war horses, clothes...)
– Pay attention to the painting by V.M. Vasnetsov "Three heroes".
– What will be the purpose of the lesson then, in your opinion? (Determine who the heroes are)
– Today we will get acquainted with an excerpt from the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Ruslan and Lyudmila".
– What do you think this work could be about? (I record the students’ answers on the board) (About the battle, about the feat of the knight Ruslan.)
– We will read the text, making stops, and try to understand why this particular
excerpt from the poem by A.S. Pushkin taken during a lesson.

The teacher reads the text using the KMChChP technology technique - “reading with stops.” Children make notes in the margins: + – 0

– What did you imagine while listening to the poems?
– Who is Ruslan? How does the author relate to his hero?
– Try to describe Ruslan yourself.
- How do you think the battle ended? Victory for the people of Kiev.
– Who played the most main role in this victory? Vityaz Ruslan.

First part. “The battlefield was dozing”

• reading the first 2 lines: Determine when the events will occur? (In the morning).
• after 3-4 lines: How do you understand in inactive rest? (Nothing happened.)
• after 5-7 lines: Find in excerpt of a word, with which the author depicts the awakening of the battlefield? (Rising up. Sudden.) Choose synonyms. He came to life and quickly stood up. Unexpected.

Part 2. "A sudden cry of battle broke out"

• After lines 8-9: Why were the people of Kiev confused? (We heard a sudden scream.)

Part 3 “Our knight fell on the infidel”

– What do you think armor is? (Metal armor to protect a warrior from blows.)

Find comparisons in fragment 3

• Shining in armor as if on fire.
• Like God's thunder, our knight.

– I think that comparisons are needed for a more vivid description of events, objects, heroes.
– How does the author relate to his hero? (He admires Ruslan’s feat, his courage, his courage).
– Try to determine your attitude towards the hero.

Children's answers:

– A real hero, strong personality, winner, courageous knight, brave warrior.
– Our knight fell on the infidel.
“He brought his sword down on the heads of his enemies unexpectedly and swiftly.
– Have you noticed how the tempo and intonation change from part to part? (The pace quickens.)

II. Reflection stage

- Draw a conclusion about who was considered a hero in Rus'.
– Wonderful warriors, strong, brave, winning victories.
- Tell me, what do you think they were doing?
– They protected their native borders from enemy attacks.
– What moment is described in the excerpt from the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”? (The moment of the battle where the knight Ruslan defeats the infidels.)
- So who is Ruslan himself? (Bogatyr, wonderful warrior.)
– Do you want to know more about the heroes?

Exercise: make up a syncwine - your understanding of the word “hero”.

The children got it like this:

1. Bogatyr.
2. Brave, strong.
3. Wins, fights, fights.
4. A wonderful warrior on horseback.
5. Vityaz.

(Mulenko Violetta.)

Homework:

Write five sentences on the topic: “Who can be called a “hero” in our time?

Excerpts from student work:

“... I would really like that in our days there were such warrior heroes who you could always rely on.” (Evdokimova Nastya.)
“... When I grow up, I will become a military man, because, I believe that in our time only military personnel can be called heroes.” (Torokh Daniil.)
“...And I consider all men who have a sense of duty to their Motherland, children, and parents to be heroes.” (Amelin Alexander.)

In Ruslan and Lyudmila”, episodes of battles are interestingly depicted, a description of a field covered with dead bones, and a hero’s head. For the sake of love, men are capable of anything. Here is our Ruslan” - the hero rides; looking for his wife around the world. Ruslan is a typical hero from Russian epics. The feat of Ruslan, who scattered the hordes of besieging Pechenegs in an instant, vividly resembles the feat of Ilya Muromets:

• ...In an instant, a scolding meadow
• Covered with hills of bloody bodies,
• Alive, crushed, headless...

In addition to the fabulous epic content of the poem, its very language was news - free, simple, close to simple vernacular. This, for example, is Ruslan’s conversation with his head:

• ...What do you want from me?
• Frowning, the head cried out,
• Fate sent me a guest!
• Listen, get away!
• I want to sleep, it's night now
• Goodbye! But the famous knight
• Hearing harsh words
• He exclaimed with angry importance:
• Shut up, empty head!
• I have heard the truth happen:
• Although the forehead is wide, the brain is not enough!
• I'm going, I'm going, I'm not whistling,
• And once I get there, I won’t let you down!...

The last phrase, reminiscent of folk sayings, is so consistent with the laws of folk speech that it passed from Pushkin’s poem into folk poetry. IN folk drama“About the Brave Warrior Anika,” recorded forty years after Ruslan and Lyudmila, Anika says to her opponent:

• And I want to fight with you,
• Disperse on a sharp saber
• And on the treasure sword and on the sharp spear
• Well, leave...
• Here I go, I don’t whistle,
• Well, I’ll come, I won’t let you down...

Pushkin's poem is replete with this kind of popular expressions. Here, for example, is how Ruslan addresses Chernomor:

• ...Fly even to the night star,
• How about you be without a beard!...
• Now you are ours; yeah, you're shaking!
• Know our..."

Depending on the circumstances, sometimes the author himself resorts to simple speech: ...The boyars, dozing off from the honey, went home with a bow...” Or again: ...And the Sorcerer fell into the snow with a fatal swing - and sat there. .." According to the poet's plan, Ruslan and Lyudmila" - heroic poem, summing up the patriotic sentiments of 1812. In the image of Ruslan, although not yet completely, the features of a Russian are outlined folk character, so clearly manifested in 1812: calm courage, determination, resourcefulness and at the same time patience in adversity, generosity towards a defeated enemy, gullibility. Ruslan’s victory over Chernomor is portrayed as a triumph of Russian strength.”

Humble yourself, submit to Russian power!”

Ruslan exclaims during the battle.

• ...But you command, but you loved
• My old stories
• Traditions of glory and love...

Traditions of glory and love" - ​​this is the main subject of the poem according to own definition Pushkin. He had every right to say that he took his fairy tale,” as he called Ruslan and Lyudmila,” from that fairy world“Where is the Russian spirit,” where the smell of Russia is.”

• There's a Russian spirit there...
• It smells like Russia there!
• And I was there, and I drank honey;
• I saw a green oak by the sea;
• He sat under him and cat scientist,
• He told me his fairy tales.
• I remember one; this fairy tale
• Now I will tell the world...

This fairy tale did a huge job. She opened access to popular poetry to great literature, introduced a new, living current into it and brought the literature of the social elite closer to the language and feelings of the people.

Pushkin's significance is enormous not only in the history of Russian literature, but also in the history of Russian education. He was the first to teach the public to read, and this is his greatest merit. In his poems, living Russian speech was revealed to us for the first time, the real Russian world was revealed to us for the first time. Everyone was enchanted, carried away by the powerful sounds of this previously unheard poetry,” N.A. Dobrolyubov spoke about the significance of Pushkin in Russian literature. Throughout its entire creative life the poet more than once paid close attention to events own life and the surrounding world. The results of these observations were remarkable pedagogical findings and discoveries. Pushkin does not invent anything new, but only again and again draws attention to certain aspects of behavior and actions; as an elder gives useful and smart tips, answers many of the questions that concern us.

Over the course of two centuries, Pushkin did not become the past, yesterday’s poet, did not turn into “ literary heritage“According to Yu.M. Lotman’s definition, Pushkin retains the properties of a living interlocutor: he answers questions from those who come into contact with him. Truly great artists, the scientist notes, are like the shadow of Hamlet's father: they walk ahead and call for them. Pushkin is always the way a new generation of readers needs him, but he is not exhausted by this, he remains something more, with his own secrets, something mysterious and inviting

Bogatyr - hero Russian epics and a warrior distinguished by his unusual strength, daring, courage and intelligence

Define the first word of syncwine?

2. Brave, courageous.

3. Protects, defends, fights.

4.Defender. Savior. Warrior.

5. Vityaz.

A hero is a hero of Russian epics, a warrior distinguished by unusual strength, daring, courage and intelligence.

Bogatyr

Courageous

How is this word understood now?

Now this word is used in figurative meaning: a man of great stature and strong physique, strong, courageous.

• Armor (plate, chain mail, sword, war horses, clothes...)
• What then will be the purpose of the lesson, in your opinion? (Determine who the heroes are)

What Russian heroes do you know?

Bogatyrs

Nikitich

Ilya Muromets

Alesha Popovich

Svyatogor

Mikula Selyaninovich

What do you think this work could be about?

About the feat of the knight Ruslan in the battle with the Basurmans.

We will read the text, making stops, and try to understand why exactly this excerpt from the poem by A.S. Pushkin taken during a lesson.

• What did you imagine when listening to the poems?
• Who is Ruslan? How does the author relate to his hero?
• Try to describe Ruslan yourself. Work in pairs.

• honesty,
• courage,
• straightforwardness,
• fidelity in love and word

• How do you think the battle ended? Victory for the people of Kiev.
• Who played the most important role in this victory? Vityaz Ruslan.

Reading a passage with commentary

First part. “The battlefield was dozing”

• reading the first 2 lines: Determine when the events will take place? (In the morning).
• after 3-4 lines: As you understand in inactive peace?(Nothing happened.)
• after 5-7 lines: Find in the passage the words with which the author depicts the awakening of the battlefield? (Rising up. Sudden.) Choose synonyms. He came to life and quickly stood up. Unexpected.

Part 2. "The sudden cry of battle broke out."

• After lines 8-9: Why were the people of Kiev confused? (They heard a sudden scream.)
• What will happen next? Read to the end.
• What picture did you imagine? A battle, a battle, the people of Kiev in fright and suddenly - “Shining in armor, as if on fire, a wonderful warrior on horseback.”

Part 3. “Our knight fell to the infidel.”

• What do you think armor is? (Metal armor to protect a warrior from blows.)

How did Pushkin describe the appearance of Ruslan? What epithets did he choose?

RUSLAN

Our knight

God's thunder

Wonderful Warrior

• Shining in armor as if on fire.
• How God's thunder, our knight.
• Think about why the author uses comparisons?

How do you understand the line?

Our knight fell on the infidel.

• He brought his sword down on the heads of his enemies unexpectedly and swiftly.

Have you noticed how the tempo and intonation change from part to part?

• The pace quickens.

• Draw a conclusion about who was considered a hero in Rus'.

Wonderful warriors, strong, brave, winning victories.

• Tell me, what do you think they were doing?
• They protected their native borders from enemy attacks.
• What moment is described in the excerpt from the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”?
• So who is Ruslan himself?

Exercise:

• Make up a syncwine - your understanding of the word “hero”.

The children got it like this:

1. Bogatyr.

2. Brave, strong.

3. Wins, fights, fights.

4. A wonderful warrior on horseback.

5. Vityaz.

Homework:

Write five sentences on the topic: “Who can be called a “hero” in our time?

Excerpts from student work:

“... I would really like that in our days there were such heroic warriors who you could always rely on.”

“...When I grow up, I will become a military man, because, I believe that in our time only military personnel can be called heroes.”

“...And I consider all men who have a sense of duty to their Motherland, children, and parents to be heroes.”

Tsvetova Elena

Research work

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MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 7 PAVLOVO, NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH WORK

"Who is he, a real hero?»

HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF RNPK

JOURNALISM SECTION

Work completed

Tsvetova Elena Vyacheslavovna,

9B grade student, 15 years old.

Scientific director

Russian language teacher and

Literature MBOU Secondary School No. 7

Morozova Lidiya Nikolaevna

Pavlovo, 2014

1. Introduction________________________________________________________________page 2

2. Main part_______________________________________________page 4

• The epic and its heroes _____________________________________________________page 4
• Images of heroes in the works of A. S. Pushkin._________________page 5
• The heroic theme in the work of M. Yu. Lermontov.____________p.6
• Heroic images in the work of N.V. Gogol.______________p.7
• Images of heroes in literature about the Great Patriotic War.__________________________________________________________page 9
• Images of heroes in Russian animation.______________p.10
• Who do you consider to be the real heroes?____________________ p. 12
• Can those who defended our country during the Great Patriotic War be called heroes?______________________________ p. 13
• Results of the survey._____________________________________________page 13

3. Conclusion_________________________________________________page 15

4. Literature ________________________________________________page 16

5. Applications_________________________________________________page 17

Introduction.

“It all starts from childhood...” - familiar to us catchphrase. When thinking about the origins of patriotic feelings, we always turn to the impressions of childhood: this is the tree under the window, and native melodies, and fairy tales and epics that once amazed us, facts and events. The talented Russian people, in the distant past, contributed to the treasury of world culture wealth that arouses in us the feeling national pride. Epic tales are such wealth - special kind ancient Russian folk epic songs historical content, the main characters of which are heroes. Yes, since ancient times, heroic strength and courage have been glorified. Many works have been written about the exploits and battles of masters of words in subsequent eras. The artists tried to convey the images of the defenders of the homeland in their canvases. Television, as the most widespread art form at present, also influences the formation of a sense of patriotism in young viewers.

So what do we see on TV screens? Does what you see differ significantly from works of other forms of art? How did the image of the heroic defender transform? These are the questions I tried to answer in my work.

The object of my research became the texts of epics and fiction subsequent eras, animated films about heroes of the 21st century.

Hypothesis: let's assume that various works related to various types arts and created in different time, influence the formation of the image of a hero in different ways.

Purpose of the studyis to study the images of heroes created by writers and animators, compare these images, determine their similarities and differences, and identify the attitude towards these images among people of several generations.

Relevance this topic is definitely great, since the extent to which the patriotic feeling is formed in younger generation, the state of our society will directly depend. So the challenge of raising children with positive civic values ​​is a pressing issue.

IN theoretical partwork, I examined the images of the main heroes-heroes created in epics and works of fiction literature XIX-XX centuries, as well as animated films beginning of the XXI century.

IN practical parta number of studies conducted by me are described: how do heroes of fiction differ from the images created by cartoonists, what epics teach us, how do my peers imagine heroes, can heroes of the Great Patriotic War be classified as heroes.

During my work I usedset of methodsresearch: study of theoretical sources, texts of works, comparative method, sociological survey of peers, survey of school students and teachers, generalization of acquired knowledge.

Practical significancemy work is that its content, assessments and conclusions can be used in literature, art and art lessons when preparing reports and abstracts by school students.

About novelty topics are debatable. I do not presume to claim that the topic of my work is new and no one has developed it before me. But one thing is undeniable: it is necessary to form the image of a hero-defender of one’s state, to cultivate a sense of respect for Russian soldiers, and a desire to imitate them.

Main part.

The epic and its heroes.

Many peoples have preserved epic works which are closely related to mythology. Russian folk epic -epics. These epic songs, folded into Ancient Rus', reflect historical antiquity, dating mainly to the XI-XVI centuries. They used to be called oldies, oldies, oldies. The term “epic” was introduced into scientific use in the 40s of the 19th century. folklorist I.P. Sakharov. The epic got its name from the word “byl”, indicating that epics narrate events of the distant past. The basis of the plot of the epic is some heroic event or a remarkable episode of Russian history. The heroes of epics are heroes.

Who are the heroes? In one of the dictionaries I read:BOGATYR (m. Tatar)- a tall, portly, stalwart and prominent man; extraordinary strongman; brave and lucky, brave and happy warrior, knight.

The most popular and beloved Russian hero is Ilya Muromets. It highlights the features of the hero from common people, this is especially noticeable in social conflicts, which can be seen in the epic “Ilya in a quarrel with Vladimir”, at the beginning of the epic “Ilya Muromets and Kalin the Tsar”. There are a lot of epics in Russian folklore where Ilya Muromets is mentioned. Arranged in a certain sequence, they poetically recreate the complete “biography” of the hero: “The Healing of Ilya of Muromets”, “Ilya and Svyatogor”, “Ilya and the Nightingale the Robber”, etc. They all glorify the mighty, wise, selfless organizer and guardian of the Russian land, who was guided in his actions only by the interests of the people.

Dobrynya Nikitich is the second most popular hero of the epic after Ilya Muromets Kievan Rus. He is often depicted as a serving hero under Prince Vladimir. Epics often talk about his long court service, in which he showed his natural “knowledge.” Often the prince gives him instructions: to collect and transport tribute, to help out the prince’s niece; sometimes Dobrynya himself volunteers to carry out an assignment that other heroes refuse. Dobrynya is the hero closest to the prince and his family, carrying out their personal assignments and distinguished not only by his courage, but also by his diplomatic abilities.

Alyosha Popovich - folklore collective image hero in Russian epic epic. As the youngest, he is the third in importance in the heroic trinity, along with Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitich.
Alyosha Popovich is the son of the Rostov priest Leonty. He is distinguished not by strength, but by courage, daring, onslaught, on the one hand, and resourcefulness, sharpness, cunning, on the other. In general, the image of Alyosha Popovich reflects a certain inconsistency.

The epics dedicated to Ilya from Murom and Dobrynya Nikitich reflected the processes associated with the formation and flourishing of Kievan Rus, when life far from the capital of the state was filled with many dangers. The main feature epic heroes This period is love for the native land. They differ not only incredible strength, nobility, courage, but also the desire to observe all established customs: respect for elders, for the patriarchal traditions of life and life of peasants, selflessness in the performance of duty.

Images of heroes in the works of A. S. Pushkin.

Also strength and moral world glorifies heroes in his works famous writer and poet A.S. Pushkin. He shows his heroes as persistent, courageous, ready to do anything not only for the sake of their native land - mother, but also for the love of a woman.

This is exactly how Ruslan appears to us from the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. He withstood all the tests of fate, walked great distances and still reached his beloved.

Thus, we see that A.S. Pushkin glorifies in his work true heroism a hero who is measured not by the strength of his muscles, but by the strength of his heart. This theme echoes the theme of epics about heroes in folk art, since heroic deeds were performed by epic heroes at the call of their hearts.

The heroic theme in the work of M. Yu. Lermontov.

The heroic spirit is glorified in the works of M.Yu. Lermontov. For example, in the poem “Borodino” it is depicted main character Patriotic War - the people. In this poem, the heroic spirit is revealed in war. The old soldier’s memories, stirring his soul, speak of those days about the Russian fighting and persistent spirit:

“...Yes, there were people in our time,

Not like the current tribe:

The heroes are not you!

They got a bad lot:

Not many returned from the field...

If it weren't God's will,

They wouldn't give up Moscow! »

These stories well describe the old soldier’s memories of his fallen comrades and difficult fate.

“...You will never see such battles!...

Banners were worn like shadows,

The fire sparkled in the smoke,

Damask steel sounded, buckshot screamed,

The soldiers' hands are tired of stabbing,

And prevented the cannonballs from flying

A mountain of bloody bodies...”

From this passage you can tell how difficult the battle was for the Russian soldier.

“...It’s getting dark.

Were everyone ready

Start a new fight tomorrow morning

And stand until the end..."

These same lines make it clear the strength and courage of the Russian spirit, the ability of people to sacrifice themselves for the sake of freedom and the Russian land.

So, we see that the poem “Borodino” echoes this theme with oral folk art. In the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov Special attention devoted to the topic spiritual growth people.

Heroic images in the work of N.V. Gogol

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol also gives his heroes in the work “Taras Bulba" heroic strength spirit.

The image of the main character, Taras Bulba, is remarkable.He presents to the reader as an extraordinary personality, and at the same time he is a part of his people - the Zaporozhye Cossacks. Stern and unyielding Taras leads a life full of dangers and hardships; he is not created for a family hearth. Gogol writes about him: “He was all created for abusive anxiety and was distinguished by the brutal directness of his character.” His soul is imbued with the desire for freedom and independence of his people. The hero is merciless towards traitors and cowards, which is why he speaks with great hatred about traitors: “I know that a vile thing has now developed on our land: they are adopting the devil knows what infidel customs; they abhor their tongue; they are selling their people..." The character of Taras Bulba is expressively revealed in tragic conflict with Andriy. Betrayal is not forgiven even to the bravest Cossack. The traitor is stamped with a curse: “Gone, gone ingloriously, like a vile dog...” Treason to the Motherland cannot be justified and atonement, the life of a traitor is inglorious, and death is shameful. Taras is a stern man, he cannot forgive his son and does not feel any pity for him. Taras carries out his sentence: “I gave birth to you, I will kill you!” Winning own love to his son, Bulba kills Andriy.

The scene of the death of the main character is very touching. Dying at the stake, Taras pronounces a speech imbued with love for the Russian land, anger and contempt for his enemies: “Can there really be such fires, torments and such strength in the world that would overpower the Russian force.” He calmly watches his Cossacks sail away. Here the powerful strength of Bulba’s character is manifested.

The idea of ​​fiery patriotism, unbending courage, and the invincibility of “Russian comradeship” permeates the entire narrative.

Images of heroes in literature about the Great Patriotic War.

The same theme is continued by writers and poets of the twentieth century. They prove with their works that the heroic spirit is always inherent in our people, at all times.

One of the writers who turned to the theme of the Russian spirit was A. T. Tvardovsky. Relying on personal experience, he showed the heroism of Russian soldiers in the poem Vasily Terkin. The core of the poem is the image of the main character - private Vasily Tyorkin. This is a collective image that combines the main typical features of the spiritual appearance and character of an ordinary Russian soldier:

Terkin - who is he?

Let's be honest:

Just a guy himself

He's ordinary.

However, the guy is no matter where,

A guy like that

Every company always has

And every platoon...

The image of Tyorkin has folklore roots, it is “a hero, a fathom in the shoulders”, “a merry fellow”, “an experienced man”. Behind the illusion of simplicity, buffoonery, and mischief lies moral sensitivity and an organically inherent sense of filial duty to the Motherland, the ability to accomplish a feat at any moment.

The feat of a soldier in war is shown by Tvardovsky as everyday and hard military work - and battle, and moving to new positions, and spending the night in a trench or right on the ground, “shielding from black death only with one’s own back...”. And the hero who accomplishes this feat is an ordinary, simple soldier.

In the image of Tyorkin, Tvardovsky shows best qualities Russian character - courage, perseverance, resourcefulness, optimism and great devotion to their native land.

Mother is our native land,

In days of trouble and in days of victory

There is no one brighter and more beautiful than you,

And there is nothing more desirable to the heart...

It is in the defense of the Motherland, life on earth, that the poet sees the purpose of his hero, a warrior-hero - a simple Russian soldier.

65 years separate us from Great Victory over fascism. True heroes, whom we will remember - our veterans. But aren’t they the heroes of the Russian land? Heroes who defended great Rus'?

Images of heroes in Russian animation.

The question of creating domestic cartoons for young viewers on the theme of the heroic past of our country. And so it happened: the first full-length animated films of modern times can be called cartoons about Russian heroes: “Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent” (2004), “Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych” (2006), “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber"(2007), " Three heroes and the Shamakhan queen" (2010) , " Three Warriors on distant shores"(2012), " Three heroes and Julius Caesar"(2014).

Creation works of art for children based folk epics- a worthy task. And at first glance, it seems that the new films continue the old traditions of Soviet animated cinema and even go forward: from the first frames, golden domes of churches flash on the screen, red-cheeked girls in sundresses appear, and an epic verse about the invincible Mother Russia sounds. It seems that you can call the children and watch a family movie, sitting comfortably in a chair, but, as usual in a fairy tale, this was not the case...

The authors of cartoons about new heroes place their heroes in the “former” historical era, but give them “modern” characters. Thus " perfect image"is destroyed and at the junction of two incompatible things, it arises comic effect. The hero becomes “funny.”

Alyosha Popovich, for example, barely born, demonstrates his remarkable physical abilities: he bites off the baptismal cross, which immediately turns into a spear of Mars - a symbol male power. In everything he reveals a clear lack of intelligence, which is more than compensated by pumped up muscles. In one of the many fights, Alyosha uses an old woman who comes to hand as a mace. Walking through the forest, the hero knocks down mushrooms and kicks small animals. With the same ease with which he inflicts blows of varying degrees of severity on people, Alyosha admits his mistakes, saying, “I wanted the best, but it turned out...”.

Dobrynya is also very different from his epic brother. The vocabulary of the “cartoon” hero is impressive: “Am I explaining clearly?”, “Fell and did push-ups.” It’s as if it’s not a hero in front of us, but a martinet. Dobrynya does not live at all in a distant outpost. He has a beautiful young wife who nags her husband endlessly: either she’s bored, or give him a new fur coat. But Dobrynya is in no hurry to put his wife in her place, but, on the contrary, fulfills “every whim.” Remember, in epics a woman is given a modest place - she is only the faithful companion of the hero.

The cartoon endlessly emphasizes the rough, carnal mental organization of the characters. Such “heroes” are familiar to many, only not from epics, but from jokes. They are also found in modern life, and, I must say, not so rare. Thus, in the cartoon, on the one hand, the traditional image of the hero is brought down from a moral height. On the other hand, the image of the people's defender in the mind young viewers will now probably be associated with numerous security guards, “cops”, “brothers” who amazingly look like “new Russian heroes”.

The theme of money, corruption, deception occupies one of the key places. Everyone loves money: Baba Yaga, the Serpent Gorynych, the heroic horse, and even His Serene Highness Prince Vladimir. Because of their greed, these “heroes” find themselves in the most ridiculous situations, but quickly ask for forgiveness - and everyone forgives them. The authors seem to encourage the viewer to be lenient towards “small human weaknesses.”

After watching cartoons, you wonder: can such “heroes” cultivate a sense of patriotism and be the ideal defender of the Russian land?

Unfortunately, cinema today is the most accessible of all the arts. Especially in the provinces, where you can’t get to theaters and museums, and modern youth don’t like to read books. In this situation, pseudo-national cartoons affect consciousness huge amount children, turning them into potential viewers of various humorous films, to whom the fate of the country is completely indifferent.

Who do you consider the real heroes?

This is exactly the question I asked my friends in social network"In contact with". For selection, I offered images created by V.M. Vasnetsov and the animators of the Melnitsa studio. (Appendix No. 1) The answers were pleasantly surprising: 100% of respondents chose images created by the artist V.M. Vasnetsov.

Can those who defended our country during the Great Patriotic War be called heroes?

This question was also submitted in an open vote on the “In Contact” page (Appendix No. 2). The majority of those who voted agree with me that war heroes, like heroes, are defenders of their land.

Results of the survey.

During the study, I conducted a survey of younger children school age, classmates, parents and school teachers. I tried to understand whether there are differences in the understanding of the image of a hero among people of different ages. (Appendix No. 3)

1. (Appendix No. 2)

Most children younger age They think he is a movie hero.

The teenagers answered that this is the hero of epics and works of art, but most of them know about heroes from cartoons.

Adults know about majestic feats heroes from literary works. Also, the word “BOGATYR” is familiar to them from films and paintings. To a lesser extent, the concept of “BOGATYR” is associated with music and sculptural art.

• Children imagine heroes as powerful, smart, brave
• Teenagers consider heroes brave, wise, strong
• Adults tend to think that heroes are strong, savvy, and kind.

The answers are:

• For children - cartoon characters, strong people;
• For teenagers - super heroes, cartoon characters, war heroes;
• For adults - people who have accomplished a feat, athletes, defenders of the Fatherland.

Conclusion

Based on the results of sociological surveys and questionnaires, it can be said that the younger generation has formed the correct concept of the hero - the defender of his Fatherland, despite the fact that this generation is most susceptible to the influence of television. He is also characterized by a feeling of love and affection for his culture, his people, pride in the history and strength of Rus', respect for Russian soldiers, and a desire to imitate them.

In the course of writing an educational and research work, I became acquainted with the meaning of the terms “epic” and “hero”, traced the transformation of the image of the hero in literature from epics to works about the Great Patriotic War, examined the interpretation of this image in modern form cartoon art.

To do this, I used a set of methods: the study of theoretical sources and works of fiction, the comparative method, a sociological survey of peers, a survey of school students and teachers, and a generalization of the knowledge gained.

I was determined practical significance work, which isthat its content, assessments and conclusions can be used in literature lessons and MHC when preparing reports and abstracts by school students.

I assume that I will continue my research, the subject of which will be the paintings of Russian artists who turned to the heroic theme in their work.

Appendix No. 1

Appendix No. 2

Appendix No. 3 Questionnaire.

Question No. 1 Finish the phrase: “A hero is a hero...”?

Question No. 2 How do you imagine a hero? (name three adjectives for them)

Question #3 Which of your contemporaries would you call a hero?

I Saratov regional tour

All-Russian competition of youth research works

Humanitarian direction:

Folk culture.

A word that surprised me. Bogatyr.

Research

Rastegaeva Daniil.

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………...3

Chapter I. The emergence of a hypothesis: Bogatyr is a borrowed word………….4

Chapter II. Study of linguistic material: Etymology of the word Bogatyr.

Scientific debate about its origin………………………………...5

Chapter III. Literary life words Bogatyr…………………………………...7

Chapter IV. Heroic theme in painting, music, sculpture…………………..9

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..9

Resources used………………………………………………………..10

Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………11

Introduction.

“True love for one’s country is unthinkable without love for one’s language. A person who is indifferent to his language is a savage. His indifference to the language is explained by his complete indifference to the past, present and future of his people.” That's what he wrote. It is with this statement, presented on one of the first pages of the school textbook, that the study of the Russian language in the 6th grade begins. But it’s unlikely that sixth graders, my peers, are ready to understand the wisdom of these words. Maybe it will happen later. Perhaps, for some, the Russian language will remain only well-learned rules and competent writing.

But how many discoveries await those who pay attention to the word, trace its path in language, in people’s lives and become convinced that it is language that miraculously unites, in words, obsolete, living and future generations into one great historical whole. An attempt to prove this was made in this work. The subject of study was the word. Everyone knows him. It represents courage and strength. When he is mentioned, a feeling of patriotism and pride for the Fatherland arises, and the image of the mighty defender of our great Motherland. This word is BOGATYR.

The goal of the project is to expand the understanding of the life of words in the Russian language.

The objectives of the project are to conduct a linguistic study of the word;

Trace his literary life;

Find out which place in national art takes

theme of heroism.

Chapter I. The emergence of a hypothesis:

BOGATYR IS A BORROWED WORD.

Interest in the origin of the word arose during its morphemic analysis. Etymological analysis required reference to explanatory dictionaries. As a result, it became clear: the word BOGATYR may have borrowed roots. The hypothesis required testing. " Dictionary Russian language" and gives the definition: "Bogatyr. 1. The hero of Russian epics, committing military exploits. 2. A man of very great strength, stamina, and courage.” The word is clear and familiar from epics and fairy tales. More than one generation has grown up watching animated films about Ilya Muromets, fearlessly fighting for Mother Rus'. This means that our hero is Russian, and our word is Russian. This is exactly what most of my contemporaries who spoke during the thematic survey think.

“What do my contemporaries know about the word BOGATYR?”

(Questionnaire results; 69 respondents)

Of the 69 respondents, the majority are convinced that the word bogatyr is originally Russian. It is familiar to many from films, literary works, paintings. To a lesser extent, respondents associate the word “Bogatyr” with music and sculptural art.

Chapter II. Study of language material:

Etymology of the word BOGATYR. Scientific debate about its origin.

First of all, we were interested in the etymology of the word. Our assumptions about the non-Russian origin of the word BOGATYR were confirmed when working with dictionaries.

BOGATYR // m. Tatarsk. The man is tall, portly, stalwart and distinguished; extraordinary strongman; brave and lucky, brave and happy warrior, knight. Fairy-tale heroes, giants, beating dozens of enemies and various monsters in one fell swoop. || They were called heroes (in Tver, etc.) popular prints, different images for the people, cuub. punks. South, west rich man, rich man The hero wonders how the hudak gets by? Bogatyrka, female hero. Bogatyrenok m. boy-hero; the hero (huh?) will belittle. and humiliate., heroic, heroic (‑sha?) increased. and abusive. He looks like a morel, and eats porridge (cabbage soup) like a hero. Woe - the hero is drunk with wine for altyn. Bogatyr Anika, fairy tale hero; Is it not from Anika, under Peter I? Bogatyrev, belonging to the hero; heroic, belonging to, characteristic of heroes. Bogatyrism cf. state, property of a hero. Happiness is better than wealth. Bogatyrshchina heroic life, times; || fairy tales and legends about heroes. He says heroic things. To be heroic, to be a hero, to look for heroic adventures and to perform valiant military feats.

. “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language”

Bogatyrs (from ancient Turkic bagatur - brave warrior), heroes of Russian epics, defenders of the Russian land, performing military feats, distinguished by special strength, daring, intelligence, self-control. In the Old Russian language the word "B." corresponded to “brave”, “brave”, “daring”. The "B" word found in chronicles starting from the 13th century. Most of B. images are grouped in epics about Kyiv and Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich. ("Great Soviet Encyclopedia")

BOGATYR - hero of Russian epics and fairy tales; a warrior distinguished by extraordinary strength, daring, courage, and ingenuity. The main characters of the epics - Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich and other heroes defended the Russian land from raids and ruin. (“Big Explanatory Dictionary”)

Noteworthy is the interpretation of Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl, earlier, indicating Tatar origin words. There is no such mention in dictionaries published later. It turns out that our mighty Russians were called a borrowed word, and even from Tatar. This hypothesis required testing.

It turned out that a lot of scientific controversy arose around the word “hero”. Some scientists believed that the word belongs to the Altai language family: bagatur, bahadir, bagadur, batur, batyr, bator. Others spoke about the Sanskrit origin of the word: "bhagadhara" - possessing happiness. Consequently, the word “hero” has a pre-Aryan origin. Linguists Shchepkin and Buslaev directly derived “hero” from “God” through the mediation of “rich”.

Neither of these opinions, however, should be accepted: the Mongolian word (modern Mongolian baatar) may indeed be borrowed from Sanskrit, and yet Russian word not indigenous, but also borrowed; the Sanskrit word would correspond to the native Russian “bogodar”, and in no way “bogatyr”. “Bogatyr” cannot come from the word “boga-”, since there is no suffix - yr. The fact that it does not exist in other Slavic languages, with the exception of Polish (bohater), which borrowed it from Russian, is also evidenced against the originality of the words “bogatyr”, which is proven by the presence of the sound h and hard r at the end of the word. Other explanations have historical character. Khalansky thinks (“Great Russian epics”) that the original form of the word was “hero” and that it was originally used in the meaning of “Tatar governor” and the title given to proper names in the meaning of the present “master”; The linguist Buslaev also pointed out this in his works. However, Russian speakers perceived the word “bogatyr” as Russian. Probably because he, the hero, defended Orthodox Rus'! Consciousness was also formed under the influence of folklore.

Chapter III. Literary life of the word BOGATYR.

In small genres of oral folk art the word BOGATYR is rare. Let us note such proverbs and sayings as

The hero will die, his name will remain;

You recognize a hero on the battlefield;

The Russian land is famous for its heroes;

Everyone is their own hero.

Of course, the hero is an epic hero. But how many heroes are there in the epic epic? Turning to the book “Russian Epic” made it possible to find out that the first collection of epics by Kirsha Danilov appeared in the mid-18th century, followed by a serious study of the texts. The collector of epics wrote down 200 independent texts, and the expert on Russian epics, historian - Slavist, ethnographer made 247 entries! What heroes are mentioned in them?

Volga and Mikula, Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich. These names are familiar to everyone. In "The Tale of Kyiv heroes"(XVII century) 7 heroes are mentioned. The storyteller Chuprov speaks about 12. Another storyteller calls the number 30. But scientists believe that 30 is not the limit. Only the most important ones (writes one of the researchers) are more than 50.

Interesting material can be found in the book by V. Kalugin “Heroes of the Russian

epic Essays on Russian folklore". One day, in 1901, the storyteller

Fedosya Emelyanovna Churkina undertook to “gather at the outpost” all the heroes:

...If only three times, it was heroes with heroes:

Ataman - old - Cossack Ilya Muromets,

Ilya Muromets and son Ivanovich,

Podutomaniem Samson da Kolybanovich,

Yes, Dobrynya Mikitich lived as a clerk,

Yes, Olesha Popovich lived as a cook,

Yes, and Mishka Toropanishko lived as a groom,

Yes, and Vasily son Buslaevich lived here,

And Vasinka Ignatievich lived here,

Yes, and Duke and son Stepanovich lived here,

Yes, and Perm and his son Vasilyevich lived here,

Yes, and Rodivon and the High Ones lived,

And Mikita and Preshirokiye lived here,

Yes, and Potanyushka Khrominkoi lived here

"Fairy tale dead princess and seven heroes ", "Bogatyr" (1886) M. Saltykov - Shchedrin, " Prisoner of the Caucasus", "Volga is a hero: Poems - a fairy tale", "Borodino". We can find the word “hero” in modern literature (S. Marshak “The Thrush the Hero” 1968, Kir Bulychev “The Unworthy Hero” 1970)

Chapter IV. The heroic theme in painting, music, sculpture.

Working with the word BOGATYR, we understood that the project went beyond the linguistic. It was interesting to find out how heroic theme presented in painting, music, sculpture.

Undoubtedly special role played in the development of the theme of heroism in Russian painting famous artist, who created a whole series of paintings about heroes: “Bogatyr” (1878), “The Knight at the Crossroads” (1878), “Bogatyrs” (1881-1898), “Bogatyrs on Horses” (1896), “Bogatyrs on Horses” (1896) , “The fight between Dobrynya Nikitich and the seven-headed Serpent Gorynych” (1913-1918), “Ilya Muromets” (1914). famous painting He wrote “Bogatyrs” for almost twenty years.

World famous works ( decorative panel“The Bogatyr” (1898), (“Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber”), (“Svyatogor the Bogatyr” (1942), “Mikula Selyaninovich”).

IN musical art The name of the composer who wrote the “Bogatyrskaya” symphony is known. And in Murom there is a monument to Ilya Muromets. Glorious hero and still defends his native land.

Work on the linguistic project allowed us to collect rich illustrative material (See Appendix).

Conclusion.

In conclusion, I would like to say: the word BOGATYR has a long and interesting life. It has passed through centuries, but has preserved itself and historical memory in itself. The Russians, our distant ancestors, loved him, and we, living in the 21st century, love him too. I would like to hope that this research will help to introduce my contemporaries to the memory of their heroes, to the spiritual values ​​of our people.

During the work on the project, material was collected that can be used in preparation for Russian language and literature lessons and will be of interest to anyone who is interested in the language and its history.

Resources used.

1. Kalugin of the Russian epic: Essays on Russian folklore. – M.: Sovremennik, 1983.

2. Russian language. 6th grade: textbook for educational institutions/ , and etc.; M.: Education, 2009.

3. Selivanov epic. - M.: Higher. school, 1988.

4. Website http://ru. wikipedia. org

5. Search engine http://*****

Application.

"Bogatyrs" (1881-1898)

"Ilya Muromets" (1914)

https://pandia.ru/text/78/082/images/image003_60.jpg" alt="300px-Zmei_Gorinich_(colour_fixed).jpg" width="390" height="246">!}

"Mikula Selyaninovich"

“Svyatogor the Hero” (1942)

I. Bilibin. "Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber"

Decorative panel “Bogatyr” (1898)

Monument to Ilya Muromets in the city of Murom. Klykov.