What does attending puppet theater performances give a child? Theater and children: the magical power of art

Olga Gerasimova

On Saturday, our children and parents of the middle group "Dwarfs" and I went to puppet show. We watched the play "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs".

Children's first time visited the theater. How nice it is that at such a joyful moment for the child, not only parents, but also friends were nearby. The guys looked at each floor of the huge building with delight. theater, and were looking forward to the start of the performance. But here it is last call. The lights in the hall go out and the artists appear on stage.

During intermission, the guys discuss what they saw. They worry about Snow White, laugh at the cheerful, mischievous gnomes and look forward to the continuation of the fairy tale.

After the end of the performance, a short walk around the city. Children and adults exchanged impressions and took photos as souvenirs.

It was a real holiday for the children. This was our first trip to theater, but I think they are joint hikes V theater will be a tradition in our group.

Publications on the topic:

I don’t know about you, but I really love visiting our theater! We often go with our group and can watch literally any production of our troupe.

For a play in which Santa Claus grows up, you need three dolls different sizes. For this I used dry pumpkin bottles. I painted faces.

Topic: “Journey to the world of dolls.” Tasks: - Continue to introduce children to the exhibits of the “Museum of Dolls”, the ability to use them in various forms.

Doll is a word that is understandable and loved by all kids. It is close and understandable to every person. Through the puppet world, we all entered into life and comprehended.

Mini-museum of dolls “Journey to the camp of dolls” Project Mini-museum of dolls. Educator: Smirnova Maria Alexandrovna. Project participants: middle school teachers, teachers and parents.

REPORT on participation in the event On October 4, 2016, the children of our kindergarten visited a theater called “BATTLEIKA”. This theater passed.

IN preparatory group"Rosinka" held various events, dedicated to the day the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. We carried out.

Conversation for older children before school age about the theater

Target: acquaintance with the theater, nurturing interest in it.

Tasks:
Introduce children to the theater, the history of theater, types of theater
Introduce children to theater professions
Introduce children to theatrical culture

The history of the theater.

What is this beautiful building with columns, like a palace? This is a theatre.
This theater is a magical house!
You will see a fairy tale in it.
Dancing, music and laughter -
Show for everyone!
The word "theater" - Greek origin. IN Greek it meant the place for the spectacle and the spectacle itself. The art of theater arose a long time ago and developed along with the life of humanity itself.
One of the main elements of theatrical art is acting. It all started with her. The infancy of the theater became the games and rituals of primitive peoples. In these games, the first “characters” appeared - good and evil forces. They were expressed not by people, but by deities, spirits, natural phenomena, the meaning of which people did not yet understand. Magic was considered one of the most important means of achieving success in business. It consisted in the fact that before any action or work, a mimic scene was played out, depicting the successful implementation of this process. Participants in ritual games used complex pantomime, accompanying it with music, dances, and songs.
Ancient Greece can be considered the birthplace of the theater. Ancient theaters were open and reached enormous sizes; they could accommodate up to 44 thousand people. Actors were held in high esteem in Greece. They had to be able to sing, dance, and master the art of speech.
In Russia, as in other countries, the emergence of a national theater is associated with folk games and rituals. The first steps of the Russian theater are also associated with various rituals. So, before a hunt, the ancestors of the Slavs performed special dances. And the most fun were the pre-spring holidays: it was necessary to appease the deity so that it would wake up earlier, then the harvest would be richer. And the only way to appease him was with fun, jokes, and laughter. In all these rituals, games, and holidays, people began to stand out, whose ability to sing, dance, joke, play musical instruments, and tell fairy tales attracted everyone's attention.
So in the 11th century, buffoons appeared in Rus' - wandering actors and comedians. For several centuries they staged their performances right on the streets, squares, and fairs. They were playing little funny scenes own composition, sang funny songs, showed acrobatic performances and trained animals. Main character buffoon performances - a cheerful and dexterous man who always knew how to outwit the evil and stupid master. Buffoons were traveling performers. Performances with a scientist bear – “bear fun” – were very popular.
There was no permanent theater in Rus' at that time. Such a theater opened its curtains in Yaroslavl. Its founder was our fellow countryman Fyodor Grigorievich Volkov. Fyodor Grigorievich Volkov was born on February 20, 1729 into a merchant family in Kostroma, and from the age of 10 he lived in Yaroslavl. He was smart, observant, hardworking, loved books, music, composed songs himself, played the harp, loved to participate in home performances. For young men while studying at the Moscow Academy, everything free time gave to his favorite hobby - theater.
Returning to Yaroslavl in 1749, Volkov created a theatrical drama troupe and staged performances in an ordinary barn, which was later built wooden theater. Many people came to watch the performances and admired the talent of the troupe. The fame of the Yaroslavl theater reached the capital, the Empress Catherine. In January 1752, Volkov's troupe, by decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, was summoned to St. Petersburg, where the Yaroslavl residents gave several performances at court, as well as public ones, after which four best actors were left in the capital, including Volkov and his brother Grigory. The two of them were assigned to the court theater. On August 30, 1756, a decree was issued on the establishment of a permanent “Russian theater for the presentation of tragedies and comedies.” Playwright A.P. Sumarokov was appointed director of the theater, whom Volkov first helped in managing the theater, and then replaced him. Volkov had many talents: he was a wonderful actor, poet, painter, musician, sculptor.
Our theater is the first national theater Russia. It is named after its founder: Academic theater drama named after Fyodor Volkov.

Types of theater
Theater - amazing place, where performances are shown, music is played, poetry is read, where they dance and sing, where you can laugh and cry, where there is something to think about and be surprised by. Sometimes it can be scary, but more often it’s fun. The theater was created for spectators to come and watch performances. Theater - special art. There are different theaters.

There is an opera and ballet theater, where the main thing in the performance is music. In an opera (musical and dramatic performance), for example, opera artists do not speak, but sing arias. The voices of opera singers are very beautiful and clear. But in addition to his voice, an opera artist also needs acting skills - after all, this is not just a concert, but a whole performance with its own plot. In opera, it is important not only what the singer sings, but also how he does it, what feelings he conveys to the audience.
How is an opera created? First, a literary work is selected, for example, a fairy tale. Based on it, a libretto is written - a text - the basis for the future performance. The composer composes music, the singers learn their arias. An opera can have an aria by one singer, a duet when two people sing, a choral performance by many artists, or simply musical inserts. All this adds up to a performance. Combination beautiful music, beautiful voices and beautiful story- Is not that great! In our time, the world's first musical theater for children was created in Moscow. It was founded by Natalia Ilyinichna Sats. She staged the operas “Morozko”, “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”, “Three Fat Men”, “The Giant Boy” in the theater for children...

There is an operetta theater. Operetta is a cheerful performance with music, songs, fiery dances, witty dialogues.

Ballet art is a type of theater where the content is conveyed to the audience without words: through music, dance, pantomime. The word "ballet" comes from the Latin "to dance".
The creation of a ballet performance begins with the author writing a libretto - a script for the future performance, a summary of what the audience will see. The libretto sets out the plot, telling what events and with which characters will take place on stage. Then, based on the libretto, the composer writes music. Then the choreographer - the ballet director - gets down to business. The roles are assigned to the dancers. All together they create a performance and dance. The ballet dancers talk about all the events and the characters’ relationships with each other through dance. To create a certain mood, atmosphere, scenery, scenery created by artists is used. Special role plays a costume in ballet: it should be light, comfortable for dancing, and beautiful. Do you know how many ballets have been staged based on fairy tales? “The Nutcracker”, “Sleeping Beauty”, “The Little Humpbacked Horse”. The dancers convey a variety of feelings with their movements, and the audience is happy and sad along with the characters, just as if they had heard them speak.

And in dramatic theater the main tool is the word. Not by chance Theatre of Drama sometimes called colloquial.
The word "drama" in Greek means "action". A drama or play is a special text that is written to be shown to spectators or the public in a theater. There are no descriptions in a drama, like in a story or a fairy tale. The playwright - the writer who composes the drama - talks about the characters and events in dialogue, conversation. If a play were written about us, the playwright would include us in the list of characters, and then put our conversations - dialogues - into the play. Drama performances There are different types - comedy, tragedy, melodrama. Comedy is a funny performance, tragedy is serious and sad. After all, there are not only joyful events in life. And the tragedy makes people think. Melodrama is a play in which sad events occur, but everything ends well - good heroes become happy, and the evil ones get what they deserve.
Which theater is the most unusual? There are many such theaters.
For example, the theater of animals. There are animals performing there. The roles in the play are played by cats, dogs, mice or even elephants.
There is another theater - a puppet theater. We all know the fairy tale by Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy “The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Pinocchio.” It tells about the adventures of the wooden doll Pinocchio. And the fairy tale ends with a performance at the Molniya puppet theater, where the puppets themselves write plays in verse and act in them themselves. Puppet theater dates back to ancient Rome. Gradually, puppet characters appeared in many countries. In Italy, Pulcinella became the audience's favorite, in France - Polichinelle, in England - Punch, in Russia - Petrushka... On the modern stage of a puppet theater, puppets can play together with actors. This is a wonderful theater, and there are all kinds of puppets there. There are horseback riding glove puppets(the artist puts them on his fingers like a glove, and hides behind a screen), there are puppets on strings (the puppeteer controls them from above, pulling first one string, then the other. The puppets of this system are often called puppets, but this is wrong, because a puppet in many countries they call any theatrical puppet), cane puppets (they are held by a stick that goes through the entire doll. The actor controls the doll’s hands with the help of thin sticks - canes, which are hidden from the viewer in the sleeves or in the doll’s clothes), mechanical, shadow... In the theater, the shadows of the puppets are not visible at all, only their shadows are visible. The main puppet theater in our country has become Central Theater dolls in Moscow, its creator and director is Sergei Vladimirovich Obraztsov.

There are all kinds of theaters,
And what they don’t have!
Here they will perform performances for you,
Drama, opera, ballet.
Here on stage you can meet
Various dolls and animals.
Children love the theater very much
So let's go there quickly.

Theater building
The theater building is home to magical performances. A modern theater building is full of technology, electronics, and optics, like a large industrial enterprise.
And the theater building began with a simple open area, as it was in ancient Greek theater. Much later, in the 17th century, the “theater building” of the buffoons - puppeteers - was contained in a piece of brightly painted canvas. In the middle of the square at the fair, an actor-puppeteer appeared in strange clothes: dyed dye hung around his waist almost to the ground - something like a skirt. The actor raised his arms and the raised “skirt” covered the entire upper part of his body. And then, above, along the edge of such a homemade screen, dolls appeared and acted out their stories. Sometimes theatrical performances were played right in the squares.
Today, only a team of specialists can service the complex structure of the theater, especially the stage. Of particular importance in the design and construction of theater buildings is their acoustics - creating the best audibility from any place. This is what acousticians do.

Here is the hall. On the stage theater curtain. It opens only during the performance. Curtains are of great importance: there is fire protection iron curtain, separating the stage from the auditorium if necessary, intermission lowering, intermission sliding, muffler, absorbing various unnecessary noises.
There is a huge beautiful chandelier in the hall. During the performance, the lights in the hall are off, but the stage is illuminated. There are spotlights at the top. There are many of them in the hall, both on the sides and above the stage. They illuminate the stage and actors with rays - sometimes muted, sometimes bright, sometimes white, sometimes colored.

The stage is the main part theater building, a playground for actors.
The stage is the part of the theater building where the performance takes place. "Scene" is a Greek word.
In the ancient Greek theater, it was a light building where the actors changed clothes and came out from. And they played in the orchestra - a round or semicircular open space in front of the stage, under open air. Later, the place for the actors to play became a platform formed by a high decorative building in front of the stage. In the ancient Roman theater she occupied most orchestra and became known as the proscenium. From this the modern scene developed.
Everything is here. AND underground kingdom where complex mechanisms are hidden, it is called a hold. Holds vary in depth depending on their purpose. Here, for example, the hero of the play can, if necessary, fall through the ground. The floor of the stage - the tablet - consists of individual boards measuring 2 * 1.5 meters. The hold and tablet make up the lower stage.
There are also sky-high heights where grate bars, gratings, and lifting devices for decorations are located. A wizard, Baba Yaga, can ascend into this theatrical sky...
The modern stage is a stage - a box. She is separated from the audience by a portal arch. The part of the stage that protrudes in front of it is the proscenium - a place intended mainly for inserted episodes of the play. The front part of the stage, adjacent to the curtain, is the proscenium; the space behind it is the playing stage, and at the back wall there is a rear stage, where the design of the performance is placed and sometimes prepared in advance. On both sides of the portal arch, near the side walls of the stage, there are spaces hidden from the audience - pockets. This is where the actors prepare for their performances and where the stage set necessary for the performance is stored.
On the sides of the stage different levels there are working platforms from which workers raise and lower suspended decorations. The working platforms rise in several tiers and form the so-called upper stage. Above the upper stage there is a grate - grate. It has blocks for hanging decorations.
The equipment on the upper stage consists of a complex lifting system that serves to bring some of the scenery onto the stage and remove it under the grate.
Thanks to the mechanical equipment of the lower stage, an object or person can instantly disappear from the stage. Sometimes in plays the stage can spin. It is equipped with very complex mechanisms. The floor of the stage is not solid; it has a rotating circle built into it. The scenery on this circle turns, the backstage on wheels moves apart, and the scenery replaces each other right during the performance.
The ramp is the boundary between the stage and the auditorium. Along it, along the very front edge of the stage, lighting devices are installed, invisible to the audience (this is only part of the lighting equipment of a modern theater).
There is an orchestra pit in front of the stage. There are different chairs here musical instruments. The word "orchestra" comes from the Greek term orchestra. This is the name given to the round platform in the Greek theater on which actors performed. Until the mid-18th century, an orchestra was the name given to the location of the musicians during a performance. Only later did this word acquire its modern meaning.
An orchestra is a group of musicians who jointly perform a piece of music on various instruments. Orchestras are divided into symphony, opera, variety, military, brass, orchestras folk instruments. The ceremonial clothing of the orchestra members is the same for everyone: men have black tailcoats, women have long black dresses.
The words conductor and conduct come from German and French words that mean “to direct”, “to lead”. A conductor is necessary to ensure that the orchestra players play harmoniously, at the right tempo and rhythm, as a single ensemble. The conductor determines the interpretation - the mood piece of music. For example, dance tune You can perform it sadly or cheerfully. The conductor becomes the composer's co-author. A conductor is necessary in every performance that is accompanied by music.
Sometimes during the performance birds sing on stage and the wind rustles. This is not an orchestra, but the work of a sound engineer. He turned on the recording - a phonogram. There is a whole collection in the theater - a music library of all sorts of sounds. You can turn on the sound of rain, the roar of waves, the roar of a crowd, the whistle of the wind...
The stage is equipped with complex lighting equipment: a ramp (lower light), suspended spotlights (upper light), external light (from the auditorium), backlight (from the back of the stage), local light, hidden suspensions, lighting effects, individual lamps. All of them are equipped with color filters of the finest shades, due to which the color of the light changes. Light creates the right mood and atmosphere, various stage effects(rain, snow, sunrise...) Lighting specialists - illuminators. Each performance is scheduled strictly minute by minute: when and which spotlight should turn on, what kind of light should be directed at the main character... Lighting workers have their own role - how to depict on stage, for example, dawn, flashes of lightning, starry sky...
In the theater, performances have light and sound scores: when to play for the orchestra, when to turn on the soundtrack.
Now let's go up to the stage. This is another name for the site where the theatrical action takes place. Let's look behind the edge of the curtain. Someone brings something, takes it away, places it. It is the stagehands who must have time to change the scenery for the next action. A hut in the forest, a tree, a bench - these are all decorations.
The artists perform on stage. In front of her is the orchestra pit, behind it is the stalls. On the ground the most comfortable places. And then the floor rises in a slide - this is an amphitheater. Above the amphitheater there is a mezzanine, above it there are tiers, then a gallery, then boxes and a balcony.
We learned about the premiere
Give us a ticket in the stalls.
But there are no tickets in the theater -
Give it at least in the amphitheater,
On the balcony, in the mezzanine,
We’ll even sit in the gallery.
Only the answer is heard:
All! Full house! No tickets.
Before the audience goes to auditorium, they will end up in the foyer. You can also take a walk here during breaks in the performance. Often in the foyer on the walls there are photographs of theater artists and photographs of scenes from performances.

The theater has its own rules, for example, if the performance is good, then the audience clap for the actors. And if the audience wants to see the performance again, they clap and shout “Encore!”, “Bravo!”
No noise should be made in the theater, especially during a performance. You can applaud after the performance or at the beginning if you liked the design of the stage. If you're busy in a play famous artist, he is greeted with applause, you can clap after the end of the action.

Decoration performance
The performance is created and prepared not only on stage, but also in the theater backstage.
The artist - director - is very important person in the theater, one of the creators of the performance and its artistic design. The artistic design of the performance consists of scenery, props, furniture, costumes, makeup, lighting.
First of all, the artist writes sketches of the future design of the performance. Based on his sketches, a layout is created - a model of the future decoration. Theatrical layout is a scaled-down model of the performance design. It reproduces the stage, scenery, furniture, props, even lighting - everything that will surround the actors on stage. This layout looks like a dollhouse. It also contains dolls - figurines of actors.
Accurate drawings are produced using a proven layout. Then the production of scenery, furniture and props begins by carpenters, prop makers and decorative artists. The finished scenery is transferred to the stage for editing.
Decoration – design of the stage and performance by the artist, general form places of action.
Today, decorative art and the creation of a stage environment have come to be called scenography. Decorations are made in art and production workshops. There is a painting and decoration workshop: artists from the soft decoration workshop paint the backdrop of the stage, backstage, furniture upholstery, tablecloths... Ordinary burlap is turned into velvet with the help of paints. In the hard scenery workshop, cabinetmakers, turners, and carvers make theater furniture. It should be light, durable, collapsible. After all, the scenery is transported on tour. Next to the carpentry shop is a metalworking shop. Metal specialists work here; they make antique goblets, wire lampshades, and fake swords.
Stage workers do not get confused about where to place and attach what. Before the performance, they train so that they know how and when to change the design, change the scenery, and not mix anything up.
For example, the forest on stage is painted. The drawings are on screens along the stage. These screens are the scenes. The artist who works on the design of the performance paints both the wings and the backdrop - big picture at the back of the stage. It’s convenient for artists to watch the performance from behind the scenes and see when they should go on stage.
The props come from Latin word, which translated into Russian means “necessary”. This is the name given to genuine and fake items needed during the performance: a briefcase, a bicycle, a fan, glasses, dishes, lamps and much more. This is necessary so that the viewer can better imagine the setting and time of action of the characters.
Prop is an Italian word meaning rubbish. Prop - items used in theatrical productions instead of real ones: furniture, sculptural decorations, weapons, parts of a costume, chandeliers, candlesticks...
They do not differ in appearance from the real ones, but are made from lighter and cheaper materials: cardboard, papier-mâché, wood, plaster, canvas... They use plywood, tin, wire, polystyrene foam, plasticine. And large prop objects are made detachable.
For example, dishes are made of papier-mâché, fruits are made of foam rubber, weapons are made of wood... But there are also real things on stage: food, matches... Everything that is destroyed during the performance is prepared anew each time.

There are many people working in the theater whose professions are very important and interesting: lighting engineer, sound engineer, musicians, make-up artists, theater workshop employees...
There are a lot of people working on the show. Who is the most important?
There is a person who organizes everything that happens on stage, although he himself does not appear in front of the audience. This is the director. Main man in the theater - director. It depends on him what it will be like new performance how the actors will play, how the play will sound. The director selects the play, assigns actors to the roles, performs the production on stage, decides together with the artist how the play will look externally, what the scenery will be, monitors the selection of lighting, makeup, sound, scenery, costumes, and music. The director conducts rehearsals with the actors, explains to them how to move correctly, when to pause, what words to pronounce louder and quieter. Rehearsal translated from Latin means repetition. In rehearsals, in repetitions, it consists main way preparation of any performance. During rehearsals, the director and actors first read the play, discuss it, and think about the characters' characters. Rehearsals then move to the stage. And on the eve of the premiere - the first performance - a dress rehearsal is held.

Actor, artist
The art of an actor is the art of creating on stage the image of a person, the hero of a play. The artist, as it were, turns into his hero, reincarnates, as they say in the theater.
Role is a theatrical concept. Earlier theater actor I chose one role for my whole life - a role: funny roles or roles of villains, roles of heroes or simpletons. Now this concept is becoming a thing of the past. Modern actors are universal - they play different roles and characters.
Transformation is sometimes only external: the artist changes his face with the help of makeup, puts on a wig, tries to change his voice, invents a gait.
But the artist must also show the character of his hero, convey his thoughts and feelings.
In his work, the artist uses his body, facial expressions, voice, speech, and gestures. He is helped by memory, observation, imagination, and emotionality. An artist must speak correctly, competently, beautifully. Scenic speech- a special art that is taught in theater educational institutions. When we are happy, sad, angry, or experience any feeling, even when we are simply bored, the muscles of our face involuntarily begin to move. By looking at a person, we can determine what mood he is in without any words. These movements of the facial muscles, changes in facial expression are called facial expressions. On stage, facial expressions are an important part of acting.
Acting's work is very difficult. Acting They study for years: they learn to control their voice, body, gestures, facial expressions, they learn to be observant so that the role is more truthful. First, the artists play roles in the crowd, then they get small roles, and the most talented ones get the main roles and become famous. But there are examples when an actor turned a small role into a masterpiece. It’s not for nothing that they say: there are no small roles, only small actors. An actor is an important profession; he is the main character in the play. Theater is a collective art. Each actor must coordinate his performance with that of his partner.
Dressing rooms are a room where actors change clothes, rest, and prepare to go on stage. In the room there is a large mirror, a lamp, in front of the mirror there are many jars, boxes with paints, makeup, and brushes. The actors sit in front of the mirror, and the make-up artist applies makeup - paints the face. Makeup artist - interesting theatrical profession. An experienced make-up artist can change the appearance of an actor beyond recognition - he can use false mustaches, beards, eyebrows, noses...; make an old man out of a young man - draw wrinkles, glue on a beard... In the theater they constantly use makeup. The nature of the makeup depends on the actor’s work on the image and the director’s plan. The make-up artist puts a wig on the artist's head. Various wigs, mustaches, and beards are made in the hairdressing workshop by master hairdressers.
The costume helps convey the character of the hero. In concept theatrical costume includes all types of clothing, shoes, hats, jewelry and other items. The costume for the role is not chosen according to the artist’s taste. Sketches and sketches of all types of clothing for the characters in the play are carried out by the artist, the one who designs the entire performance. According to his sketches, costumes are sewn in the theater's costume workshops.
In the theater studio you can find many costumes and shoes. The theater also has a shoe workshop.
The artist will draw a suit, the tailors will select the fabric. You can even paint the fabric - this is what fabric painting artists do.
The actors do whatever the director tells them. But everyone brings something different to the role. Everyone in the theater must be talented.
So that the premiere takes place in the theater,
The dressers take a long time to prepare it,
And lighting and decorators,
And the playwright and sound engineers,
Chief artist, cashier, prop makers,
There are many good actresses and actors,
Carpenter, workers, turner, make-up artist,
And the director is responsible for everything.

Play
Before buying theater tickets, we need to choose the performance we want to watch. Familiarity with the theater's repertoire will help us in this. Repertoire – a list, a list of performances taking place in the theater in a given season. Will help us and playbill- a bright, beautiful ad. The name of the performance is written on it, for example: “ The Bremen Town Musicians. Musical comedy based on the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. Premiere". The word “premiere” means “first” - a completely new performance.
Here is the inscription "Cashier". Above it there is a sign “Full House” - all tickets for the performance are sold out. This word comes from the German words “poster”, “advertisement”. This is the name given to a special announcement at the box office stating that all tickets for a performance have been sold. The word “sold out” can also be used to mean a complete gathering - instead of saying “the hall was full.” So the performance is good.
A theatrical performance is divided into parts - actions, or as they are also called - acts. Different performances have different numbers of actions. Intermission is a break between actions or acts. This word comes from French words meaning “between” and “action”. The first meaning of the term is a break between acts or actions of a play, concert or performance. It is intended for performers to rest and change scenery. But the small one is also called musical piece(musical intermission). It is performed before the start of the next action in an opera or play with music.
The play is divided into acts,
Between acts there are intermissions.
But then the first bell rings, then the second. The performance begins after the third bell.

To help theater business To try to “stop” the bright moments on stage, theater museums are being created. They store and exhibit paintings, sculptures, drawings, photographs dedicated to the theater. Guardians and Researchers theater museums collect, preserve, study and show to visitors sketches of scenery and costumes for performances, the costumes of great actors themselves, stage household items, rare photographs, letters, documents, diaries and sound recordings outstanding masters scenes.
Sources used

All kids believe in magic and love fairy tales. And while playing various games, children imagine themselves as heroes of these fairy tales. Thus, the child still has difficulty separating entertainment from ordinary activities: for him, feeding his doll and brushing his teeth in the morning and evening are equally important. And if you and your child go to the theater together, he will perceive what is happening on stage as the truth.

Theater can greatly influence the child’s psyche: while watching a performance, the child “joins” the stage action, empathizing and imitating the characters. This is very useful, as the baby learns new patterns of behavior, learns to distinguish good deeds from bad, etc. The theater can become an excellent friend and assistant in matters of education: the fairy-tale characters of the play have authority for the little viewer, so the truths or patterns of behavior that he will hear or he will see, they will help in eliminating the child’s whims.

"Theatrical" age

Many parents wonder at what age should their child begin to get acquainted with the theater? There is no definite answer, but most psychologists say that at 2-3 years old it is quite possible, the main thing is to choose the right performance! It is better, of course, to start with the Puppet Theater, since it is there that he will be able to see characters familiar to him from children’s works - Tsokotukha the Fly, Kolobok, The Three Little Pigs, etc. And it is easier for him to perceive dolls and toys, which are an integral part of a child’s life : less likely that the child will get bored and lose interest in what is happening on stage. The duration of the performance should not exceed 40-50 minutes.

You can take a 4-6 year old child not only to the Puppet Theater: the child’s perception changes, he is now able to distinguish funny from tragic, and begins to understand humorous situations. This means that you can take your baby to a performance where it is no longer dolls who perform, but real actors. Productions may have a more complex plot: “The Adventures of Dunno”, “ The Snow Queen", "Old Man Hottabych" and many others. The duration of the performance may be longer, but it is better if there is an intermission between the acts of the performance.

Which theater to choose?

So, you are planning to visit the theater with your child...But how to make the right choice? What should you rely on?

It is better, of course, to give preference to a theater that specializes specifically in productions for children (Youth Theater, Puppet Theater, Clown Theater, Musical Theater, Interactive Theater). In such theaters, the atmosphere is usually appropriate: there is no intimacy, children are welcomed fairy tale characters, often before the start of the performance, various competitions and games are held in the hall. Seats in the hall are divided according to age: the first 2-3 rows are for children under 3 years old, higher ones are for older people.

Let's go to the theater

Many parents believe that if they have chosen a performance according to the child’s age, then the child will perfectly understand everything that is happening on stage. But this is not true at all! It is better if you buy tickets to a performance whose plot is familiar to both you and your child - then you will be able to answer your child’s questions and it will be more interesting for him to watch the characters he already knows. If you still choose an unfamiliar production, then read a fairy tale to your child or watch a cartoon based on which the performance was created.

2. It is better to buy tickets in advance so that the child is seated according to his/her age group and nothing blocked his view or distracted him. If suddenly the right places If it doesn’t turn out, it’s better to refuse the visit.

3. Leave the house in advance, calculating the travel time, so as not to be nervous and not to rush the child. It is advisable to get to the theater 30 minutes before the start of the performance.

4. If the child does not feel well, then it is better to postpone going to the theater.

5. Familiarize your child with the rules of behavior in the theater in advance.

6. It is advisable to try to turn a trip to the theater into a festive event: dress up your child in Nice dress or a suit.

7. After the performance, talk to your child about his impressions, ask his opinion regarding the main characters of the performance he saw.

As a mother of a three-year-old daughter, I actively follow new developments in the field of education and development of children. Cartoons, educational programs, books. There's enough of everything. Once we were offered tickets to the theater. “Three years, maybe too early?” - I thought, but we decided and...

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Why invent something new if there is a well-forgotten old one?

Theater is great! This is another one easy way to educate in your child those very truly human qualities that are so lacking in hard modern world business papers and money.

You will say that there is something useful there, you can choose cartoons wisely. It’s effective and you don’t have to go anywhere. I bet.

Firstly, the baby gets into a society of peers and learns the rules of behavior in society.

Secondly, the solemnity and mystery of the theater building itself and the action on stage create a special, incomparable mood.

Thirdly, acting can create an indelible impression that will forever settle in the soul and heart of a child, giving rise to good and beautiful things.

Fourthly, expanding your horizons and enriching your vocabulary. The lively environment, intonation, facial expressions, gestures - all this completely masters the baby. Hurricane of emotions. What can I say? Just watch your child during the performance.

We have all heard about the effectiveness of fairy tale therapy. With the help of the theater, your child will be able not only to overcome his fears, but also to see himself from the outside during whims and hysterics. Why shouldn’t you and I take advantage of childish naivety in such a mercantile manner?

Does theater begin with a hanger? Theater begins with conversation

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Before going to the theater, it is worth preparing your child for a meeting with the beautiful. To maximize the effect of visiting the theater, start preparing in advance.

• Let's start with elementary rules behavior. I hope you are aware that loud slurping and rustling of wrapping paper are taboo. Although, if you are not sure of your child’s appetite, take a bottle of water and a couple of cookies with you.
• Next, talk about how the fairy tale comes to life. Why spoil the intrigue, you say? What if the child gets scared and throws a tantrum. It is better to introduce inexperienced theatergoers to the plot of the fairy tale in advance. You don’t have to read the entire work to the end, but let it add up general idea about the storyline. Believe me, it won't be boring. Scenery, spotlights, costumes - thanks to these attributes and the sincere performance of the actors, the child will see familiar fairy tales with different eyes.
• When choosing clothes, pay attention to the moderate solemnity of the event. Evening Dress would be superfluous, however, sweatpants do not fit in with the image of a future theatergoer.
• Do not hurry. Try to arrive early so that your child can look around, admire the decorations and get into the spirit of the theater. Everything matters. Even little things like finding a seat in the right row, checking out clothes from the wardrobe. Pay attention to the curtain, the spotlights, and the muffled voices of the audience.

I hate opera, or at what age should you start going to the theater?

My mother, without thinking twice, decided to start my upbringing with art right from the opera. As it turned out, in vain. I’m sharing my childhood impressions: dark, cold, people screaming on stage, plus aunties with glasses constantly shushing me (“girl, be quiet, girl, calm down”). As a result, mint chewing gum was stuffed into my mouth, with which I shocked the audience even more with the loud sound of bursting rubber bubbles. A curtain. The educational experiment failed. Since then, my associations with opera have not been the most pleasant.

What is my mom's mistake? She flattered me in her assumptions about my perseverance and interest in high art.

Please note the following:

• When analyzing the rich repertoire of children's productions, pay attention to age restrictions and on plot fabulous performance.
• Also don't ignore individual characteristics your baby. A modest person is unlikely to enjoy it if they begin to force him into the game, and a restless person is more likely to get tired of spending an hour and a half in a chair.
• At what age should I start? Some people are ready at three years old; others should wait up to five years. The question is personal.

See the world through the eyes of a child

You and I have seen a lot in our lifetime. We want something fresh and unusual. But you and I “had it all,” and the child has little experience with art. Maybe you shouldn’t immediately plunge him into unconventional forms of theatrical performance?

It is unlikely that a “fresh” viewer will immediately be captivated by the pantomime theater. Perhaps young beginners should start with a short puppet show.

Little ones will love the interactive performances that involve the audience in the game. Fairy-tale heroes They won’t be able to cope without the help of young theatergoers. In addition to the unconditional benefits of the theater, the child will be able to overcome the fear of performing in front of an audience, as well as learn about his acting talents.

The first visits should leave a pleasant impression. In other words, our task is to instill a taste and desire for further communication with the theater.

Childhood impressions are the most lasting. If a child manages to lose himself in the theatrical action and a miracle is reflected in his eyes, it means your choice was correct.

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For a while, the baby simply disappears into a fairy tale. His experiences are sincere and real. He firmly believes in miracles on stage. At this time, personality, character and a sense of beauty are formed.

Things to think about in advance

• Buying tickets. It just seems to you that no one goes to theaters these days. You are wrong. They are walking. Therefore, make sure to purchase tickets in advance.
• Analyze the route from your home to the theater. Take into account the peculiarities of transport movement during rush hour. It’s a good idea to walk and chat with your child before the performance, set him up, calm him down, and relax him.
• Comfortable clothes. In addition to dressing appropriately for the event, remember to be comfortable. I doubt that your child will sit in a warm overall for an hour and a half, feeling satisfied. No fairy tale will help here.
• Snack. If there is no intermission, take with you a bottle of water, cookies, and apple slices pre-folded in a container. Small children want to drink and eat, regardless of the rules of etiquette.
• Selection of places. Tickets for the performance are often distributed among schoolchildren. If possible, try to purchase tickets with seats away from the noisy flock of 1 "A" led by the formidable teacher.
• It's very good if time after the theater you will spend together with your child. It’s great when your baby is delighted and shares his impressions with you.

If you associate the word “theater” with something prim and smelling of mothballs, you shouldn’t deny yourself the pleasure of changing that opinion. Modern authors offer many interesting productions taking into account trends in the development of society. Cheburashka enjoys mobile phone, The Fixies ride around on Segways, and Little Red Riding Hood talks about new fashion trends.

In the modern race we often forget about simple things, which, perhaps, play a very important role in life. Seeing beauty is an ability that needs to be developed. Don't miss this moment. Theater can help you.

Visiting the theater with a child/

In the process of introducing children to performing arts, parents will have to decide important task- formation of spectator culture, which consists of:

knowledge of the characteristics of theatrical art;

the ability to adequately respond to stage action;

understanding the role of the viewer in the process of creating a theatrical artistic image;

mastering the skills of interaction with actors in the process of unfolding stage action.

Behind long years theater development in accordance with the content theatrical action and means of theatrical expressiveness, various theatrical views and genres: dramatic theater, musical theater, puppet theater, shadow theater, pantomime, variety shows, etc. Circus also refers to theater arts, a circus performance is performed by artists and is subject to the same stage laws.

You can start introducing children to theatrical art early. This is due to the fact that stage action is in many ways consonant with children’s play: children’s play and the actor’s play require transformation; any role has emotional and personal significance; The implementation of a stage or children's game plan requires mastery of visual techniques.

The first visit to the theater depends on well-organized preliminary work and the so-called waiting phase. Preliminary work includes familiarization with the content of the performance, the rules of behavior in the theater, and preparation of evening dresses. The need for preliminary familiarization with the content of the performance is dictated by the fact that it is difficult for a child to simultaneously perceive the acting, evaluate the character of the hero, respond emotionally to the stage action, understand stage architecture, and also follow the storyline. The content of the play must be retold to the child in an entertaining narrative form. At the same time, you should not break the story into actions, phenomena or describe pictures. The child will see all this in the theater himself. It is much more important to pay attention to the characters, their character and the chronology of events.

After familiarizing yourself with the content of the play, the child must be informed about the upcoming trip to the theater. From this moment the waiting stage begins. The duration of this stage is from 3 to 12 days. During this time, parents should give initial information about the theater and introduce them to the rules of behavior in the theater. A variety of game exercises will help you reinforce the learned rules of behavior. So, the day comes when the whole family goes to the theater. Rules of good manners recommend arriving at the theater no later than 15-20 minutes before the start of the performance. Having taken their seats in advance, parents have the opportunity to arrange their child so that it is convenient for him to follow the action. During a stage performance, the child may have questions. It is necessary to teach him to ask them in a whisper. Children's curiosity needs to be satisfied, but the answer must be specific and short. During the intermission, it is best to leave the hall and discuss what you saw in the foyer and clarify answers to questions that arose during the performance. After watching the performance, it is better to walk a little (10-15 minutes). This will allow the child to emotionally discharge, relieve muscle fatigue, and, if desired, remember the most striking episodes of the performance. It is important that the discussion takes place in the form of an exchange of impressions. With preschool children, it is advisable to consolidate the basic storyline and clarify the characters’ characters (good, evil, smart). Junior schoolchildren is already able to evaluate the scenery, costumes, and actions of the characters. Teenagers can already express their opinion, their attitude to what they see, enter into a discussion, and defend their point of view. The final stage is the stage of emotional living of the received impressions.

However, most effective means emotional living of the received impressions is home theater. It helps satisfy the child’s need for self-expression and allows him to realize his accumulated physical and emotional potential.

When organizing home theater adults need to determine the sequence of introducing children to the art of theater.

First you need to decide whether all family members will be involved as actors or just children.

From the point of view of O.A. Belobrykina, the sequence may be as follows:

mimetric games (consist in the fact that children read a text, accompanying it with imitative movements and onomatopoeia);

role-playing games (characterized by the presence of dialogue between actors, in this case, each child takes on a role and tries to convey the image of his hero using accessible means);

improvisation games (involve children to independently invent scenes and dialogues on a given topic);

performance games (include staging or dramatization of any life situations and favorite fairy tales);

puppet shows.

Regardless of the genre and type of theater, any production is implemented in several stages:

choosing a play, determining the main idea of ​​the performance;

determination of the characters, distribution of roles;

work with text;

rehearsals on the stage;

creation of scenery, costumes, props;

dress rehearsal;

preparation of tickets, programs, posters.

This division is somewhat arbitrary. In parallel with rehearsals, the production of scenery, costumes, etc. can take place.

In conclusion, we will provide a brief reminder for adults, which indicates the main stages of forming a spectator culture and awakening a conscious interest in the theater:

to love and understand theatrical art;

possess the skills of theatrical behavior and be able to explain them clearly to children;

when choosing a performance, focus on the age and individual characteristics of children;

know the main stages of introducing a child to the performing arts;

stimulate the activity of preschoolers and children of primary school age using a variety of play techniques;

actively use a variety of productive activities during the stages of waiting and experiencing the impressions received in the theater;

strive to ensure that all family members accept Active participation in organizing trips to the theater;

remember that the greatest educational effect will be on performances that are seen by all family members.