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KUCHELBECKER WILHELM KARLOVICH
Kuchelbecker, Wilhelm Karlovich - writer and Decembrist (1797 - 1846). He studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum together with Pushkin and Delvig. Served briefly in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; taught Russian and Latin languages at the Pedagogical Institute. In 1820, he gave public lectures in Paris on Russian literature, which he had to stop at the request of the Russian embassy. In 1821 - 1822 he served under Yermolov in the Caucasus, where he became friends with Griboyedov. He spent 1823 - 1824 in Moscow, giving lessons and studying literature (together with Prince V.F. Odoevsky he published the collection “Mnemosyne”, (1824). The radical mood brought Kuchelbecker closer to some participants in the Northern Society, but Kuchelbecker was not a member of it the case on December 14 got mixed up by accident, “got drunk at someone else’s feast,” as Pushkin put it. Senate Square he attempted the life of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, fled from St. Petersburg, was captured in Warsaw, tried and sentenced to death, replaced by 15 years of detention in the fortress and then exile to the settlement. After spending nine years in the fortresses of European Russia, Kuchelbecker in 1835 was sent to live in Barguzin. Died in Tobolsk. Unbalanced, sensitive, eternally enthusiastic, Kuchelbecker was a model of a romantic in life and in literature. Pushkin said about him: “a sensible man with a pen in his hands, although he is a madman.” As the publisher of Mnemosyne, Kuchelbecker was one of the distributors of Schellingism in Russia. He demanded originality from art: “for the glory of Russia, truly Russian poetry is needed; the faith of our forefathers, the customs of our country, chronicles, songs and folk tales are the best, purest, most reliable sources for our literature.” The main features of his work are idealism and pietism with a mystical tinge. In major works, Kuchelbecker has little independence, both in thought and in execution; best part his legacy is lyricism, where civil motives are rare and religious and cosmic ones predominate. Kuchelbecker's style is generally rhetorical, sometimes to the point of pretentiousness; the language is pale and rich in Slavicisms and archaisms; poetic forms are monotonous. What he wrote has not yet been collected; he himself published separately the poem “The Death of Byron” (M., 1824), the ponderous joke “Shakespeare’s Spirits” (St. Petersburg, 1825), and the mystery play “Izhora” (ib., 1835). Several dozen of his plays are included in the “Collected Poems of the Decembrists” (Leipzig, 1862). "Selected Poems by V.K. Kuchelbecker" published in Chaux-de-Fonds (1880). His diary and poem “The Eternal Jew” were published in “Russian Antiquity”.
Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012
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- KUCHELBECKER WILHELM KARLOVICH
(1797-1846) Russian poet, Decembrist. Friend of A.S. Pushkin. Participant in the uprising on Senate Square (1825). Sentenced to prison and lifelong... - KUCHELBECKER, WILHELM KARLOVICH
? famous writer(1797-1846). K. studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he was a friend of Pushkin; friendship did not prevent the latter from pursuing poetic epigrams... - KUCHELBECKER WILHELM KARLOVICH in big Soviet encyclopedia, TSB:
Wilhelm Karlovich, Russian writer, Decembrist. From noble family Russified Germans. Graduated Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum(1817), where... - KUCHELBECKER WILHELM KARLOVICH
famous writer (1797-1846). K. studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he was a friend of Pushkin; friendship did not prevent the latter from pursuing poetic exercises with epigrams... - KUCHELBECKER WILHELM KARLOVICH
- KUCHELBECKER WILHELM KARLOVICH
(1797 - 1846), Russian poet, Decembrist. Sentenced to imprisonment and eternal exile. Odes, messages, tragedies, romantic drama"Izhora" (published... - WILLIAM in the Dictionary of Russian Railway Slang:
electric locomotive... - WILLIAM
Wilhelm I of Hohenzollern (1797-1888) - King of Prussia from 1861 and German Emperor from 1871. In 1862 ... - KUCHELBECKER in the Literary Encyclopedia:
Wilhelm Karlovich is a Russian poet from the Russified Germans, small-scale nobles. He studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum with Pushkin. Later it’s crowded... - KARLOVICH in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Karlowicz) Mieczyslaw (1876-1909) Polish composer, conductor. Symphony "Renaissance" (1902), symphonic poems, including “Stanisław and Anna Oswiecim” (1907); concert … - KUCHELBECKER V Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron:
(Wilhelm Karlovich) - famous writer (1797 - 1846). K. studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he was a friend of Pushkin; friendship didn't interfere... - WILLIAM in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(German Wilhelm; French Guillaume; English William; Italian Gulielmo) - the name of many sovereigns and princes. See acc. ... - WILLIAM in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- WILLIAM in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
I The Conqueror (circa 1027 - 87), English king from 1066 from the Norman dynasty. From 1035 Duke of Normandy. ... - KUCHELBECKER
KÜCHELBECKER Wilhelm Karlovich (1797-1846), Russian. poet, Decembrist. Friend A.S. Pushkin. Participant in the uprising on Senate Square (1825). Sentenced to prison... - KARLOVICH in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
KARLOWICZ Mieczyslaw (1876-1909), composer, conductor. Student of A. Nikish (conducting). Author of the first Polish program symphonies essays. Symphony "Renaissance" (1902), symphony. ... - WILLIAM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
WILLIAM TELL, see Tell... - WILLIAM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
William III of Orange (1650-1702), stadtholder (ruler) of the Netherlands from 1674, English. king since 1689. Called to English. throne during the state ... - WILLIAM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
WILLEM I OF ORANJE (Willem van Oranje) (William of Nassau) (1533-84), prince, leader of the Netherlands. revolution, leader of the anti-sp. noble opposition. Killed by Spanish ... - WILLIAM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
William the Conqueror (c. 1027-87), English. king since 1066; from the Norman dynasty. From 1035 Duke of Normandy. IN … - WILLIAM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
WILLIELM II (Willem) Frederik Georg Lodewijk (1792-1849), King of the Netherlands from 1840, led. Duke of Luxembourg. Team Netherlands troops at Waterloo (1815). ... - WILLIAM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
WILLIAM I, Willem (Willem) Frederik (1772-1843), king of the Netherlands in 1815-40 (before 1830 - Dutch-Belgian kingdom), leader. Duke of Luxembourg; from … - WILLIAM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
WILLIELM II of Hohenzollern (1859-1941), German. Emperor and Prussian king in 1888-1918, grandson of William I. Overthrown by the November Revolution of 1918 ... - WILLIAM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
WILLIELM I (Wilhelm) Hohenzollern (1797-1888), Prussian. king since 1861 and german. Emperor since 1871. The government of the country was actually in ... - WILLIAM in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
(German Wilhelm; French Guillaume; English William; Italian Gulielmo) ? the name of many sovereigns and princes. See acc. ... - WILLIAM in Collier's Dictionary:
(English William, Dutch Willem, German Wilhelm), the name of many European emperors and kings. (The rulers whose names are preceded by an asterisk are dedicated... - WILLIAM in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
- WILLIAM full spelling dictionary Russian language:
Wilhelm, (Vilhelmovich, ... - KUCHELBECKER
Wilhelm Karlovich (1797-1846), Russian poet, Decembrist. Friend of A.S. Pushkin. Participant in the uprising on Senate Square (1825). Sentenced to prison... - KARLOVICH in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
(Karlowicz) Mieczyslaw (1876-1909), Polish composer, conductor. Symphony “Renaissance” (1902), symphonic poems, including “Stanisław and Anna Oswiecim” (1907); ... - WILHELM III in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
King of the Netherlands from the Orange-Nassaug dynasty, who reigned in 1849-1890. Son of William II and Anna of Russia. J.: 1) Sofia, daughter of the king... - WILHELM II in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
King of the Netherlands from the Orange-Nassau dynasty, who reigned from 1840 to 1849. Son of William I and Wilhelmina of Prussia. J.: since 1816 Anna, ... - WILLIAM I THE CONQUEROR in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
- WILHELM I in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
- WILHELM III in biographies of Monarchs:
King of England and Scotland 1689-1702 J.: from 1677 Mary, daughter of King James II of England (b. 1662 ... - WILHELM II in biographies of Monarchs:
King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany from 1888 to 1918. Son of Frederick III and Victoria of England. J.: 1) from February 27. 1881 ... - WILLIAM I THE CONQUEROR in biographies of Monarchs:
King of England, reigned 1066-1087. Founder of the Norman dynasty J.: 1056 Matilda, daughter of Count Baldwin of Flanders (Died... - WILHELM I in biographies of Monarchs:
From the Hohenzollern family. King of Prussia in 1861 - 1888 it. Emperor of Germany 1871 - 1888 Friedrich Wilhelm's son... - ERDMANEDERFER MAXIM (MAXIMILIAN KARLOVICH)
Erdmanederfer (Maxim [Maximilian Karlovich]) is a famous bandmaster, pianist and composer. Born in 1848 in Nuremberg; musical education received in... - SHCHEBALSKY PETER KARLOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Shchebalsky (Peter Karlovich, 1810 - 1886) - historian and publicist, from the nobles of the Pskov province. He completed a course at the artillery school; served... - SHUF ALEXANDER KARLOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Shuf (Alexander Karlovich, died in 1884) - historian. After completing a course at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University (1859), he became a teacher... - STORCH ANDREY KARLOVICH (HEINRICH STORCH) in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Storch (Andrei Karlovich, Heinrich Storch, 1766 - 1835) economist, after Christian Schlozer, the first popularizer of the ideas of Adam Smith in Russia. Native... - SCHMIDT VIKTOR KARLOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Schmidt (Viktor Karlovich) - Russian zoologist, born in 1865 in St. Petersburg; after graduating from the gymnasium of the Peter the Great Church School in St. Petersburg, ... - SHMID GEORG KARLOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Schmid (Georg Karlovich) - philologist and teacher, son of Karl-Adolf Schmid. Born in 1836, he studied at the Universities of Tübingen and Erlangen. ... - SHIMANOVSKY JULIY KARLOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Shimanovsky (Juliy Karlovich, 1829 - 1868) - surgeon; He received his education at the Revel gymnasium and the University of Dorpat, after completing the course (1856) ... - SHILDER NIKOLAY KARLOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Schilder (Nikolai Karlovich, 1842 - 1902) - historian, lieutenant general; son of a famous military engineer and military general. He studied in the page corps... - SHELL JULIAN KARLOVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Shell (Yulian Karlovich) is a Russian botanist. He was educated in the Vilna gymnasium and after completing the course he entered the natural sciences department of Kazan University. ...
Poet, Decembrist; genus. June 10, 1797 in Gatchina, d. August 11, 1846 in Tobolsk. According to Kuchelbecker’s own testimony, he is German by father and mother, but not by language: “until the age of six,” he says, “I did not know a word of German, my natural language is Russian.” But the situation in which his childhood years passed on the estate of his father Avinorme (Estonian province), the environment, the early manifested inclination towards fantasy and enthusiasm, fueled by a passion for knightly poetry, and then his studies in the city of Verro (Estonian province) - made the boy Kuchelbecker is not at all a Russian youth. He entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (immediately after the latter opened) with a very unsteady knowledge of the Russian language. Upon brilliant completion of the course at the Lyceum, from which Kuchelbecker emerged as a decent connoisseur of new languages and literature and an enthusiastic admirer classical world , he joined the College of Foreign Affairs and at the same time was a senior teacher of Russian and Latin at the Noble Boarding School, established at the Main Pedagogical Institute; at the same time, he was the secretary of the Society for the Establishment of Schools using the Method of Mutual Education, gave private lessons (by the way, he was the tutor of the future composer M.I. Glinka) and was an active member of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science and the Arts. But pedagogical classes, the leisure from which he devoted to literary studies; Kuchelbecker soon left. In August 1820, he went abroad as a secretary to the Chancellor of the Russian Orders, Chief Chamberlain A.L. Naryshkin. In 1821, having visited Germany and southern France with Naryshkin, Kuchelbecker lived in Paris. There he became close to some writers and scientists and gave public lectures to the Atlienée Royal on the Slavic language and Russian literature. These lectures have not reached us, but they were hardly successful - at least A.I. Turgenev, in whose hands they were, calls them a curiosity; for Kuchelbecker, the consequences of his debut before the French as a lecturer were very sad: after one lecture, in which he spoke about the influence of the free city of Novgorod and its veche on ancient Russian writing, he received an order through the embassy to stop giving lectures and return to Russia; Naryshkin broke off all relations with him. Returning to St. Petersburg, Kuchelbecker found himself in a very dire situation: without funds and under suspicion about his lectures in Paris. However, at the request of A.I. Turgenev and gr. Nesselrode, he managed to get a place in Tiflis to serve under Yermolov, with whom in the fall of 1821 he went to the Caucasus. But even here he did not stay long: the next year he had a major quarrel with one of Ermolov’s associates, which ended in a duel; Kuchelbecker had to leave his service, and at the same time he had to part with A.S. Griboedov, with whom he was on very friendly terms. He went to the Smolensk province and until half of 1823 lived on his sister’s estate (the village of Zakupe). Financial insecurity forced Kuchelbecker to look for some kind of service. He intended to move to serve in St. Petersburg, dreamed of publishing a magazine, and then looked for a place in Odessa with the city. Vorontsov; but neither personal requests nor the petitions of friends were successful, and he spent a little over two years in Moscow, living on the funds that provided him with lessons. In Moscow he is together with Prince V. F. Odoevsky published 4 books in the collection "Mnemosyne". The main goals of this now little-known publication were: “to disseminate several new thoughts that flashed in Germany; to draw the attention of readers to little-known subjects in Russia, at least to force people to talk about them; to put limits to our passion for French theorists; and finally, to show that not all items are exhausted, that we, looking for trinkets for our studies in foreign countries, forget about the treasures located near us.” True, not all the goals outlined by the editors were achieved with equal success, but Mnemosyne quite successfully introduced the Russian public to the fruits German culture both philosophy and this collection is of great historical and literary interest, although it did not enjoy outstanding success in its time; In addition to the editors, such major writers as Pushkin, Griboedov, Baratynsky, Prince took part in it. Vyazemsky and others. In “Mnemosyne,” by the way, Kuchelbecker also included his interesting, extensive memories of his trip abroad. Kuchelbecker spent 1825 without specific activities, partly in Moscow, partly in St. Petersburg, partly on his sister’s estate. In the fall of this year he returned to St. Petersburg and settled with his friend Prince. A. I. Odoevsky. Here he joined the company of people who took part in the outrage on December 14th. On the evening of this fateful day, having left the capital, Kuchelbecker spent several days on the estates of his relatives (in the Pskov and Smolensk provinces) and intended to flee abroad. But immediately upon arrival in Warsaw he was recognized, arrested and taken to St. Petersburg. The investigation showed that Kuchelbecker belonged to the Northern Society, into which he was introduced by Ryleev; by the Supreme Criminal Court he was found “guilty of the attempt on the life of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich during the riot on the square, of belonging to secret society with knowledge of the goal and the fact that he personally acted in the rebellion with the shedding of blood, he himself shot at General Voinov,” etc. By the court verdict he was classified in the first category state criminals and sentenced to death by beheading; but at the request of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich he was pardoned: the death penalty was replaced by 15 years of imprisonment in fortresses, and after this period, lifelong exile to Siberia. Kuchelbecker spent 10 years in prison, first in the Peter and Paul Fortress, then in Shlisselburg, Dinaburg, Revel and, finally, Sveaborg; in December 1835 he was sent to settle in eastern Siberia, to the Trans-Baikal region, in the city of Barguzin, where his brother Mikhail Karlovich lived, also exiled for participating in the disturbance on December 14th. At first, life in Barguzin seemed to Kuchelbecker “pleasant and free”; It seemed to him that for complete well-being he lacked only the means and the society necessary for him. But soon he began to experience languor and boredom, which his marriage could not dispel; he married the daughter of a local postmaster, but his wife did not understand and did not share his passion for poetry and did not sympathize with his poetic pursuits, in which Kuchelbecker still found his only consolation. He complained bitterly that he was “bogged down in insignificant petty torments, drowned in dirty worries.” with their own literary works he thought, among other things, to make it easier and financial situation, but a two-time attempt to seek permission to publish his works was unsuccessful. Need and illness finally broke the fragile health of the weak Kuchelbecker, and at the beginning of 1845 he began to see poorly, and soon he was almost blind; in August next year he died of consumption in Tobolsk, where he was allowed to move in consideration of his poor health. All the Decembrists who were in Tobolsk were with him in last minutes his life and paid him their last tribute. - So sadly ended the long-suffering fate of Kuchelbecker, whose name was preserved by history not so much because of his services to domestic literature, how much due to special conditions: his name could not be excluded from the constellation of glorious names of our writers early XIX centuries, for the latter always considered him the closest member of their circle; on the other hand, Kuchelbecker could not be forgotten due to his ill-fated fate.
Already at the Lyceum, his passion for poetry manifested itself, but for a long time he could not cope with the technique of our versification, for which he was subjected to frequent ridicule from his later famous comrades; A. I. Turgenev reproached him quite thoroughly for stylistic errors against the Russian language even in the 1820s. But as a kind, dear comrade, Kuchelbecker was very much loved by his classmates, among whom were Pushkin, Delvig, Pushchin, Baron Korf, etc. Everyone who knew him was attracted to Kuchelbecker as a young man by his ability to be sincerely carried away, his sensitivity, kindness of heart, gullibility; Even the difficult trials that befell the ill-fated writer during his life did not erase these traits in his character. Griboyedov wrote about him: “he gives himself to everyone he meets with the most sincere passion, cordiality and love”; Zhukovsky told him: “you were created to be kind... you have a tender heart”; book Vyazemsky found in him “much worthy of respect and compassion”; for Pushkin he was always “my dear brother of lyceum life.” And the entire circle of his acquaintances, among whom were almost all of our outstanding writers of that time (Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Delvig, Gnedich, Baratynsky, Griboedov, Odoevsky, Turgenev, Prince Vyazemsky, etc.) always treated him with cordiality, everyone sympathized with him in his misfortunes, which befell him so often, and did everything they could to make his existence easier. In 1823, V.I. Tumansky wrote to him: “some inevitable fatum controls your days and your talents and seduces both from the straight path.”
However, in Kuchelbecker’s literary activity there are features that clearly and favorably distinguish him from the crowd of mediocre writers of that time. Kuchelbecker began writing early and while still a lyceum student, he had already seen his works in print signed: Wilhelm. His first experiments were poetry and articles of a critical nature. The poetic activity of Kuchelbecker and early and late era much lower than his critical articles. Kuchelbecker's verse is heavy, unsteady and exposes the author as an inept versifier; Kuchelbecker's style is far from correct, thanks to his imperfect knowledge of the Russian language and passion for Shishkov's literary opinions. We must agree with Kuchelbecker’s contemporaries that in his poems a lot of intelligence, knowledge, and erudition are noticeable, but that true inspiration, without which poetry turns into poetry, is almost not noticeable. Kuchelbecker had a lot of enthusiasm, exaltation, fantasy, sensitivity, but he was not given poetic pathos. But no one can deny his sincerity and the most ardent love for poetry. Perhaps the best poetic works of Kuchelbecker should be recognized as the poems he wrote in exile: they contain a lot of living religious feeling and their soft, elegiac tone, alien to bitterness, touches the soul of the reader. All of Kuchelbecker's smaller poems are lyrical and predominantly elegies. Kuchelbecker's small poetic works do not have great poetic merits, nor do larger ones, such as "Shakespeare's Spirits", the mystery "Izhora", and the poem "The Eternal Jew". It is known that even Pushkin, who treated his friend with such sympathy, called him “Shakespeare’s Spirits” - rubbish, and Belinsky completely rejected his poem. - More advantages and meanings have critical articles Kuchelbecker, although one cannot help but admit that in the field of criticism Kuchelbecker did not have firmly established convictions. So, despite all his respect for Pushkin, he once did not find it difficult to put him on the same level as the Puppeteer, and Prince. Shikhmatov was compared to Calderon. Nevertheless, some of Kuchelbecker’s theoretical views on literature deserve, in their time, attention - such, for example, is his attempt to be strictly critical of the authorities of old times, pointing to “the faith of the forefathers, morals, domestic chronicles and folk tales as the best , the purest, most reliable source for our literature"; Kuchelbecker’s calls for realism, nationality, his serious discussions about romanticism, etc. were not without significance for that time. Therefore, despite some of Kuchelbecker’s oddities and errors, we must recognize his remarkable intelligence, excellent familiarity with foreign literature (especially German) and undoubted abilities, the correct development, direction and expression of which were greatly harmed by his extreme exaltation and lack of sense of proportion. As a person, Kuchelbecker had a lot good sides, of which the main ones are his sincerity and kindness. It seems that no one understood him better than Baratynsky, who, by the way, wrote about him: “He is an interesting person in many respects... he has great talents, and his character is very similar to the character of the Genevan eccentric (Rousseau); the same sensitivity and distrust, the same restless pride, attracting immoderate opinions in order to distinguish oneself in a special way opinions, and sometimes the same enthusiastic love for truth, for the good, for the beautiful, to which he is ready to sacrifice everything; man, together worthy of respect and regrets, born for the love of glory and for misfortune." A less benevolent, but perhaps more accurate description of him was given by E. A. Engelhardt: "Kuchelbecker has great abilities, diligence, goodwill, a lot of heart and good nature, but there is absolutely no taste, tact, grace, measure and specific purpose. The sense of honor and virtue sometimes manifests itself in him with some kind of quixoticism. He often falls into thoughtfulness and melancholy, is subjected to torment of conscience and suspicion, and only when carried away by some extensive plan comes out of this painful state.”
There is no complete collection of Kuchelbecker's works; his poems and articles were published in the following magazines and collections: “Amphione” (1815), “Son of the Fatherland” (1816-1825), “Blagonamerenny” (1818-1825), “Competitor of Education and Charity” ( 1819-1821), “Nevsky Spectator” (1820), “Polar Star” (1825), etc. In addition, Kuchelbecker included many works in the collection “Mnemosyne”; After Kuchelbecker's death, some of his works and his diary were published in " Domestic Notes"(vol. 139), "Bibliographical Notes" (1858), "Russian Antiquity". Largest quantity Kuchelbecker's poems are included in the "Collected Poems of the Decembrists" (Library of Russian Authors, issue II, Berlin 1862) and in the book "Selected Poems of V.K. Kuchelbecker", Weimar, 1880. The following works by Kuchelbecker were published separately: "The Death of Bayon ", Moscow 1824; "Shakespeare's Spirits" - a dramatic joke in two acts, dedicated to A. S. Griboyedov, St. Petersburg. 1825; "Izhora" - mystery, St. Petersburg. 1835 (published anonymously, and only the first part, the rest did not see the light of day); "The Eternal Jew" - poem, St. Petersburg. 1878 Many of Kuchelbecker’s works remained in manuscript.
The literature on Kuchelbecker is extensive. The greatest amount of information has been preserved about him as a participant in the outrage on December 14; This kind of information can be found in all the literature about the Decembrists. Main sources and manuals: “Reports of the Investigative Commission”, St. Petersburg. 1826; A. I. Dmitriev-Mamonov, “Decembrists in Western Siberia", M. 1895·, M. I. Bogdaposhich, "History of the reign of Emperor Alexander I"; Schnitzler, "Histoire intime de la Russie", Brux. 1847, III; N. A. Gastfreund; "Kuchelbecker and Pushchin" ; St. Petersburg, 1901 (formerly in Vesti. World History;" 1900, No. 12); A. N. Pypin, “History of Russian Ethnography”; his, “The Social Movement in Russia under Alexander I”; N. I. Grech, “Notes on My Life”, St. Petersburg. 1886 - the characterization of Kuchelbecker made by Grech is very harsh and not entirely fair, and in general the information he gives about Kuchelbecker is largely inaccurate; see his memoirs in “Polarn. Zvezda" 1862 and in "Russk. Vestnik" 1868, No. 6; for biographical sketches about Kuchelbecker, see "Russk. Starina" 1875, vol. 13 (amendments to this article in "Ancient and Modern Russia" 1878, No. 2) and in Kolyupanov's "Biographies of A.I. Koshelev", vol. I, M. 1889 ., book II (there is also a list of Küchelbecker’s works in the notes); in addition: “Russian Archive” 1870 No. 2, 6, 8-9; 1871 No. 2; 1881, No. 1; " Russian Antiquity" 1870, No. 4; 1873 No. 7; 1875 vol. 13; 1883 vol. 39 and 40; 1884 vol. 41; 1891 vol. 69. Notes: M.I. Glinka, St. Petersburg 1887, P. A. Karatygina, St. Petersburg 1880; I. I. Panaeva, St. Petersburg 1876, etc.; dictionaries of Gennadi, Brockhaus, Toll, etc.; “Collection of antiquities. papers of Shchukin", vol. VIII, M. 1901; "Sovremennik" 1869, VII; "S.-Fri. Ved." 1866 No. 176; Grot, "Pushkin - his lyceum comrades and mentors" St. Petersburg. 1887; "New. Time" 1880, No. 1640. Works of A. S. Pushkin (ed. Literary Fund and Academic); Works of A. S. Griboedov St. Petersburg. 1889; "Ostafevsky archive of the book. Vyazemsky" vol. II, St. Petersburg. 1899 (and note). About the father of V. K. Kuchelbecker - Karl Ivanovich (d. in 1809), the first director of Pavlovsk, see in "Russian Antiquity" 1870, vol. I, pp. 429-434 and in the book “Pavlovsk. Essay on history and description." St. Petersburg. 1877. About the son of V.K. Kuchelbecker, Mikhail Vilhelmovich, (b. July 29, 1840, d. Dec. 22, 1879) see "New Time" 1879 No. 1374. "Rumor" 1879, No. 356, "Voice" 1879, No. 325.
Iv. Kubasov.
(Polovtsov)
Kuchelbecker, Wilhelm Karlovich
Famous writer (1797-1846). K. studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he was a friend of Pushkin; friendship did not prevent the latter from pursuing K.’s poetic exercises with epigrams. Since 1815, K.’s poems began to appear in the “Bulletin of Europe” (signed William),"Son of the Fatherland", "Well-Intentioned". In 1817-20 K. served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1820, he went abroad and gave lectures on Slavic literature at the Paris Athenée, suspended at the request of the Russian embassy as too liberal. In 1822, K. served in the Caucasus under Yermolov; became close friends with Griboyedov there. In 1823-1825 he lived in Moscow, where, together with Prince. Odoevsky, published four books in the collection: “Mnemosyne”. K. participated in the Decembrist conspiracy and shot at the leader on Senate Square. book Mikhail Pavlovich; then he fled and, intending to hide abroad, arrived in Warsaw, where he was recognized by signs reported to him ex-friend- Bulgarin. Sentenced to death, he was pardoned at the request of the leader. book Mikhail Pavlovich, and sentenced to eternal hard labor, replaced by solitary confinement in Shlisselburg and Kexholm. K. was not particularly in need financially, he received books and just could not publish his works, despite the intercession of Zhukovsky. Shortly before his death, K., according to Grech, was transported to his sister’s estate, where he died. K., without being distinguished by talent, could not break out of the shackles of the old school: his works were written heavy tongue and dotted with a mass of Slavicisms. In the role of a politician, which he hoped to play, he was completely sincere, although he was very carried away, for which Pushkin compared him with Anacharsis Kloots. Separately, K. published: “The Death of Byron” (M., 1824); "Shakespeare's Spirits", a dramatic joke (St. Petersburg, 1825); "Izhora", mystery (St. Petersburg, 1825). In "Russian Antiquity" (1875 and 1878, extracts from his diary and a poem written by him in 1842 were published: "The Eternal Jew." Cf. Grech, "Notes of a non-Decembrist" (B., 1862 and "Russian Bulletin ", 1868, No. 6; biased and often unfair characterization).
(Brockhaus)
Kuchelbecker, Wilhelm Karlovich
(10.6.1797-11.8.1846). - Retired collegiate assessor, writer.
Genus. In Petersburg. Father - stat. owls Karl Kuchelbecker (12/28/1784-3/6/1809), Saxon nobleman, agronomist, first director of Pavlovsk (1781-1789), was close to Paul I in last years his life; mother - Justina Yak. Lohmen (20.3.1757-26.3.1841, in 1836 was in widow's house). Until 1808 he lived on the Estonian estate Avinorm, granted to his father by Paul I, in 1808, on the recommendation of a distant relative M. B. Barclay de Tolly, he was assigned to the private Brinkman boarding school at the district school of Verro in Livonia, and in 1811 to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, he graduated from it with the rank of IX class (1st graduation, comrade A.S. Pushkin) - June 10, 1817. Enlisted together with Pushkin in the College of Foreign Affairs. Affairs, at the same time taught Russian and Latin at the Noble boarding school under Gl. Pedagogical Institute (later 1 gymnasium), retired - 9.8.1820, left St. Petersburg abroad as a secretary under Chief Chamberlain A. A. Naryshkin (recommended by A. A. Delvig) - 8.9. After staying in Germany and Southern France in March 1821 he came to Paris, where in the anti-monarchical society "Athénée" he gave public lectures on the Slavic language and Russian literature; their content aroused the displeasure of the government, and Kuchelbecker was asked to immediately return to Russia. At the end of 1821 he was appointed to the Caucasus as an official of special assignments under A.P. Ermolov with the rank of count. as., remained in this position only until May 1822, when, after a duel with Pokhvisnev, he was forced to resign and leave Tiflis. He lived for a year on the estate of his sister Yu. K. Glinka - p. Purchase of the Dukhovshchinsky district of the Smolensk province, from July 30, 1823 he settled in Moscow, where he taught at the University boarding house and gave lessons in private houses, simultaneously being engaged in literary activities, in 1824-1825 he published a book. V. F. Odoevsky collection "Mnemosyne", from April. 1825 lived in St. Petersburg, first with his brother M.K. Kuchelbecker (see), and from October - with the Decembrist Prince. A. I. Odoevsky (see). There were no peasants. Member of the Free Society of Amateurs Russian literature(employee - November 10, 1819, active member - January 3, 1820).
Member of the pre-Decembrist organization "Sacred Artel" and the Northern Society (November - December 1825). Active participant in the uprising on Senate Square.
After the defeat of the uprising, he fled from St. Petersburg, was arrested at the entrance to the outskirts of Warsaw by non-commissioned officer Grigoriev - 19.1.1826, brought to St. Petersburg in chains - 25.1, placed in Peter and Paul Fortress(“Kuchelbecker can be unchained. January 26, 1826”; “the sent Kuchelbecker can be imprisoned and kept as before. January 26, 1826”) in No. 12 of the Alekseevsky Ravelin. His serf servant Semyon Balashov was arrested with him, who was shackled in iron, taken from him on April 30, 1826.
Convicted of the first category and upon confirmation on July 10, 1826 sentenced to hard labor for 20 years, transferred to the Kexholm Fortress - 7/27/1826, the term was reduced to 15 years - 8/22/1826, delivered to the Shlisselburg Fortress - 4/30/1827. According to Vysoch. by order, instead of Siberia, he was sent to the prison companies at the Dinaburg fortress - 10/12/1827 (signs: height 2 arch. 9½ inch, “white face, clean, black hair, brown eyes, long nose with a hump”), arrived there - 17.10. 1827, it is allowed from time to time to notify your mother by letters about yourself - 5.8.1829, according to Vysoch. order (communicated to the III Department by the general on duty of the General Staff on April 10, 1831) sent under the strictest supervision through Riga to Revel - April 15. 1831 (arrived there on April 19), where he was kept in the Vyshgorod castle, from where, by order of Ch. headquarters (4/27/1831) sent by water to Sveaborg to prison companies - 10/7/1831, arrived there - 10/14/1831. By decree of 12/14/1835 he was released from the fortress and sent to settle in the city of Barguzin, Irkutsk province, where he was delivered on 1/20/1836, at his own request he was transferred to the Aksha fortress - 9/16/1839, where he gave lessons to the daughters of Major A.I. Razgildeev (he left from Barguzin in January 1840), transfer to the village of Smolino, Kurgan district was allowed - 9.6.1844, left Aksha - 2.9.1844, arrived in Kurgan (where he lived before leaving for Tobolsk) - 25.3.1845, allowed to travel for a while to Tobolsk for treatment - 1/28/1846, arrived in Tobolsk - 3/7/1846. He died in Tobolsk and was buried in the Zavalnoye cemetery.
Wife (from January 15, 1837) - Drosida Iv. Artenova (1817-1886), daughter of a tradesman, Barguzin postmaster. Children: Fedor (born dead - 12.6.1838), Mikhail (28.7.1839-22.12.1879), Ivan (21.12.1840-27.3.1842) and Justina (Ustinya, b. 6.3. 1843) in marriage Kosovo. According to the most humble report of gr. A.F. Orlova Yu.K. Glinka is allowed to take in the young children Mikhail and Justina who remained after the death of her brother, so that they are called not by their father’s last name, but by Vasiliev - 8.4.1847. Mikhail, under this name, was assigned to the Larinsky gymnasium - 1850, after graduating from it he entered the Faculty of Law at St. Petersburg University - 1855, in 1863 ensign of the Tsarskoye Selo Rifle Battalion. According to the amnesty manifesto of August 26, 1856, the children were granted the rights of the nobility and the father's surname was returned. Kuchelbecker's widow lived in Irkutsk, receiving an allowance of 114 rubles from the treasury. 28 kopecks silver per year, at the request of the governor general. East Siberia M. S. Korsakov and the official of special assignments under him A. Makarov, since 1863 she was also given an allowance from Literary Fund 180 rub. in year. On Sept. In 1879 she left for Kazan, and then to St. Petersburg; after the death of her son, she filed a petition for the restoration of her previous pension, which was paid to her before leaving Siberia, the petition was granted - June 24, 1881. Issued for her funeral at the request of the prince. M. S. Volkonsky, son of the Decembrist, 150 rubles. - 19.5.1886. Sisters: Justina (12.7.1784-15.7.1871), married to G. A. Glinka, brother of the Decembrist V. A. Glinka (see); Julia (c. 1789-after 1845), class lady of the Catherine Institute; brother: Mikhail (see).
VD, II, 133-199; TsGAOR, f. 109, 1 exp., 1826, d. 61, part 9, 52; 1828, no. 255.
Kuchelbecker, Wilhelm Karlovich
poet, comrade at the Pushkin Lyceum; genus. 1797 June 10, in Gatchina; † Aug 11 1846, in Tobolsk, exiled for participation in the riot of December 14. 1825
(Polovtsov)
Kuchelbecker, Wilhelm Karlovich
Russian poet from the Russified Germans, small-scale nobles. He studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum with Pushkin. Later he became close friends with Griboyedov.
Having gone abroad as secretary to Chief Chamberlain Naryshkin, he gave lectures on Russian literature in Paris in 1821, which were discontinued due to their “love of freedom” at the request of the Russian embassy. He began writing and publishing poetry while still at the Lyceum [from 1815]. In 1824-1825, together with V.F. Odoevsky, he published the almanac Mnemosyne. Two weeks before December 14, 1825, he was introduced by Ryleev to the Northern Island. He was on Senate Square with the rebels and attempted to assassinate the Tsar’s brother. He attempted to escape abroad, but was identified and arrested in Warsaw. He spent ten years imprisoned in fortresses, then was exiled to a settlement in Siberia, where he became blind and died of consumption.
The high civic spirit and nationalistic tendencies characteristic of some Decembrist circles forced K. - first a student of Zhukovsky and a representative of the “Germanic trend” in poetry - to speak out in the early 20s. with the demand to “throw off the German diarrhea chains.” K. puts forward the slogan " high art"; from the "Karamzinists" - Pushkin and his friends - goes to the classics - "in the squad of the Slavs", defining his position as a "romanticist in classicism." The cult of Germany and Zhukovsky is replaced in K. by the cult of Derzhavin. In contrast to the main lyrical genre era - "effeminate, colorless" elegy - K. calls for the revival of the "high" ode (article "On the direction of our poetry, especially lyrical, in last decade", "Mnemosyne", part 2), the "artificially meager", Europeanized "jargon" of the Karamzinists contrasts the "barbaric", but "rich and powerful" "Slavic-Russian" language of the classics; the heroes of Byronic poems, "weak, outdated for all grumblers" - bearers of "strength" and "glory", heroes of tragedy. In his "Argives" K. gave an example of a high, "civil" tragedy, politically aimed at the fight against the "tyrant". Literary activity K. had mainly theoretical value. His artistic practice invariably, starting from the lyceum, served as a target for ridicule, not always fair: some of K.’s “attempts” entered literature (for example, he was the first to use white iambic pentameter in tragedy, which is used to write Pushkin’s “Boris Godunov”, etc.). Of undoubted interest is K.'s diary, in which, as a recent researcher rightly puts it, “the literary atmosphere of the 20s is preserved.” The unlucky fate of K., created according to Baratynsky’s apt observation “for the love of glory and for misfortune,” served as the subject of artistic treatment for Yu. N. Tynyanov (“Kyukhlya,” the story of the Decembrist, Leningrad, 1925).
Bibliography: I. Shakespeare's spirits, Dramatic joke, St. Petersburg, 1825; Found a scythe on a stone, Comedy, 1839; Collection poem. Decembrists, ed. Fomina, vol. II, M., 1907; Complete collection verse., M., 1908 (edition is far from complete and textually unsatisfactory); Izhorsky, Mystery, M., 1908 (1st ed., St. Petersburg, 1835); Review of Russian Literature, collection of articles. "Literary Portfolios", L., 1923; Poets-Decembrists, collection. edited by Yu. N. Verkhovsky, Guise, M. - Leningrad, 1926; Diary, Preface by Yu. N. Tynyanov, ed., intro. and approx. V. N. Orlov and S. I. Khmelnitsky, “Surf”, L., 1929.
II. Kotlyarevsky N., Literary activity of the Decembrists, I, V.K. Kuchelbecker, “Russian wealth”, 1901, Nos. 3 and 4; Rozanov I.N., Kuchelbecker - Lensky, "Red Niva", 1926, No. 6; Tynyanov Yu. N., Archaists and innovators, "Priboi", Leningrad, 1929 (articles "Archaists and Pushkin" and " Argives, the unpublished tragedy of Kuchelbecker").
III. Chentsov N. M., The Decembrist Revolt, Bibliography, edited by N. K. Piksanov, Giza, M. - L., 1929.
D. Blagoy.
(Lit. enc.)
Kuchelbecker, Wilhelm Karlovich
Prominent Russian poet, translator, critic, public figure, a better known product. other genres. Genus. in St. Petersburg, the son of a Russified German, he graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he became close friends with A. Pushkin and A. Delvig, worked at the College of Foreign Affairs. affairs and taught Russian. and lat. language in the boarding house at Ped. in-those, served as an official in special assignments under General A.P. Ermolov, traveled to Germany and Italy. He began writing early, becoming one of the brightest poets of Pushkin's circle. An active participant in the Decembrist uprising, K. fled to Warsaw after its defeat, but was detained there, tried and sentenced to death; the sentence was subsequently commuted to imprisonment and exile to Siberia. Mn. prod. K. saw the light only in the 20th century.
K.'s poetry is imbued with tyrant-fighting motives and faith in victory reason and justice; the same sentiments, expressed directly or allegorically, can be found in the journalistic op. - "European Letters" (1820 ); entered Sat. "Decembrists" (1975 ); in this production the author seems to be looking at modern times. to him Europe through the eyes of an American of the 24th century. The satirical sketch "The Land of the Headless" (1824) can be considered as the first draft of lit. dystopia in Russia: a hero who flew in like a hero E.Po, on hot-air balloon on Moon, discovers there the country of Acephalia (i.e. Headless) with the capital Akardion (i.e. Heartless), where morals reign that are unacceptable for the author and grew up. reality.
Large biographical encyclopedia. 2009 .
Born on June 10, 1797 in St. Petersburg into the family of a Saxon nobleman. Wilhelm Karlovich's father was a military man; he spent his childhood in Estonia, on the Avinorm estate, where the family settled after his father's retirement. In 1808, Kuchelbecker was sent to a private boarding school in the city of Verreaux.
In 1811, on the recommendation of Barclay de Tolly, Kuchelbecker entered the 1st (Arskoye Selo Lyceum. Here he became friends with Delvig and Pushkin. Wilhelm Karlovich graduated from the Lyceum with a silver medal, served in the Main Archive of the Foreign Collegium and lectured at the Noble Boarding School at the Main pedagogical institute. Already at this time he fervently preached freedom and the constitution.
In 1819, Kuchelbecker was elected a member of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature and at the same time entered the Masonic Lodge " Chosen Michael", where the Decembrists played a prominent role. Kuchelbecker's love of freedom did not go unnoticed and for the poem "Poets" he was denounced in 1820, which complicated his social position.
In 1820, Wilhelm Karlovich went on a year-long trip to Germany, Italy and France. Returning to Russia and remaining under suspicion from the authorities, Kuchelbecker enlists and goes to the Caucasus, where he meets Griboyedov in Tiflis.
In 1821, Kuchelbecker asked for his resignation and moved to his sister’s estate in the Smolensk province. At that time, Wilhelm Karlovich’s financial situation was difficult; having met Avdotya Pushkina, he falls in love, but will not be able to get married.
In 1823, Kuchelbecker moved to Moscow. Here he becomes close to Odoevsky and together they publish the almanac “Mnemosyne”, in which Pushkin, I.lratynsky, Vyazemsky are published, and Wilhelm Karlovich also publishes his works.
In 1825, Kuchelbecker moved to St. Petersburg and joined the “Northern General Organization”, led by Ryleev. He explains his action by the desire for change in society. Kuchelbecker takes part in the Decembrist uprising. After the suppression of the Decembrist uprising, he was captured in Warsaw, shackled and transported to the First Paul and Paul Fortress. Kuchelbecker was sentenced to death, but then the sentence was changed to twenty years' hard labor with lifelong imprisonment and (nbiri. Then his sentence was again changed to fifteen years, and again to ten | | solitary confinement, followed by indefinite exile. In 1835, Kuchelbecker was sent to Siberia.
Kuchelbecker's works speak of the high purpose of the poet, of great service, of a suffering fate; they combine the civil traditions of Russian classicism and the principles of Decembrist romanticism. After 1825, his lyrics contained notes of sorrow, despair, and reconciliation. In the works of Siberian exile the poet's interest in folk legends, to common people's life.
In exile, Wilhelm Karlovich married the postmaster's daughter Drosida Artyomova, who was illiterate. Kuchelbecker teaches and raises his wife, moves around Siberia and finally settles in Tobolsk. By this time he was suffering from tuberculosis and going blind.
But neither illness, nor difficult financial situation, nor depressed morale broke him.
