How Vulich died. Did Pechorin have friends? What is the relationship between Pechorin and Dr. Werner?

/ / / Comparative characteristics Pechorin and Vulich

In Lermontov’s work “Hero of Our Time,” Lieutenant Vulich appears only in the episode “Fatalist.” But this was quite enough to show the man’s nature.

If you compare two heroes, you can easily find a lot in common. Both men do not recognize friendship and are used to keeping to themselves. Both are unfamiliar with the word fear. But each of the young people has their own attitude towards fate, and towards life in general.

Convinced bachelor. He believes that there is nothing attractive in marriage simply because marriage itself makes him feel sad. Vulich, on the contrary, is married. He is not used to talking about his personal life. But the fact that he is not a ladies' man is clear. A man does not have affairs or even fleeting relationships. But still, he has one irresistible passion. This passion is playing cards. Not to say that he is very lucky at the table. The lieutenant often loses, but this only increases his excitement.

Grigory Alexandrovich is less passionate. Compared to the lieutenant, he is overcome by other passions. Pechorin loves women very much. More precisely, he loves to seek their favor. Thus, he increases his low self-esteem.

But immediately after Pechorin feels that a woman is in love with him, he immediately abandons her feelings and breaks up forever. This became the reason for many duels, because there were a large number of envious people and those who were offended by him.

Vulich, on the other hand, was used to participating in disputes with the help of a musket, only in battles with the enemy. After all, a man is not used to showing off his emotions.

Both men are brave and unprincipled. Their actions are full of courage and determination. And yet both were fatalists. Pechorin denied this circumstance for a long time. One evening he clearly saw the sign of death in his comrade's face. The men even argued about this. Vulich loaded the weapon and shot himself in the temple. The gun misfired.

None of those present believed that the musket was loaded. Then the lieutenant fired again, but his target was the cap hanging on the hook. He tried to prove to everyone that he was full of strength and would live a long time, unless a stray bullet met him in battle.

And yet, Pechorin argued that Vulich would face imminent inevitable death. He turned out to be right. That same night, the lieutenant was killed by a drunken Cossack. He cut the man almost in half with a saber.

Before his death, Vulich managed to utter only one phrase in which he admitted that Pechorin was right.

This time the young man regretted that he was right. He respected the character and endurance of the deceased captain.

The next day, Pechorin also decided to try his luck. With the help of cunning, he climbed into the hut of a drunken Cossack who was resisting and detained him. Pechorin was not injured. Apparently he began to look for death after this, but never found it.

Having become completely disillusioned with life, the young man went to travel to Persia, where he was killed along the way. Pechorin was not afraid to die, because he could not find meaning in his life.

The theme of fate, predestination and free will is the main one in Lermontov’s work and reflects one of the facets of the author’s plan. This stands out most clearly in the story “Fatalist”. It is no coincidence that it ends the novel and is a kind of result of the moral and philosophical quest of the hero, and with him the author. The theme of fate can be revealed by comparing the images of Vulich and Pechorin. Main character“Fatalista,” like the main character of the entire novel, feels his own unusualness and exclusivity. Passion for the game itself in a broad sense – gambling, the game with death and the game with feelings, the stubbornness with which the lieutenant begins each time with the hope of winning, expose in Vulich something unusually close, somewhat akin to Pechorin, with his strange game with his own life.

Pechorin puts himself in great danger by kidnapping Bela, tracking down smugglers, agreeing to a duel with Grushnitsky, and neutralizing a drunken Cossack. In that regarding Vulich- Pechorin's double. However, in “The Fatalist” Pechorin no longer fights with people and circumstances, but with the very idea of ​​fate, trying to prove to Vulich and himself that “there is no predestination”, that “often we mistake for a belief a deception of feelings or a lapse of reason.” And here Vulich considers the “fatalist” in contrast to the “skeptic” Pechorin, and is an ideological antipode. Thus, the heroes converge in their unanimous desire to penetrate beyond the boundaries of everyday life, to comprehend the meaning of Fate and the power of its power over man. But we see that their attitude towards fate and fate is the opposite.

In addition, Vulich has the characteristic younger generation the thirties of the nineteenth century, spiritual passivity, a feeling of dissolution in own destiny, loss of the will to live, “the strong pleasure that the soul encounters in every struggle with people or with fate.” Hence the strange, painful game of the hero with death. All his life Vulich strived to be stronger than fate.

But soon he dies because of his senseless games. A Cossack kills him. The description of this terrible and absurd death expresses the author's irony over a certain hero and weakness human nature in general, but at the same time the tragedy of an entire generation of people, a special spiritual “illness” of the era, is revealed. Pechorin also seems to be a fatalist; it is not for nothing that he also decides to “tempt fate.”

However, if Vulich, as a true fatalist, really completely entrusts himself to fate and relies on destiny, without any preparation he pulls the trigger of a pistol in the episode of the major, then Pechorin in similar circumstances acts completely differently. He throws it out the window to the Cossack killer, having thought through the actions in advance and provided for many details. By comparing these heroes, the author tries to solve the issue of human freedom. So, Pechorin states: “And if there is definitely predestination..., why should we give an account of our actions? “Thus, the hero, unlike Vulich, expresses the position of a spiritually independent person, who in her thoughts and actions relies primarily on her own mind and will, and not on dubious “heavenly” destinies. At the same time, a person’s account of all his words and actions, first of all, to himself increases not only the measure of his personal freedom, but also his personal responsibility - for his life, for the fate of the world.

Pechorin spoke about this even after the duel with Grushnitsky, counting himself among those who have “the courage to take on the full burden of responsibility” without shifting it to circumstances. Let us also recall the conversation with Werner before the duel, in which the hero remarks: “there are two people in me: one lives in in every sense of this word, another thinks and judges it...” So the image of Vulich serves to comprehensively reveal the character central character novel and, therefore, the embodiment of the entire author's intention. Finally, the introduction of Vulich into the system of images of the novel allows the author to most fully and reliably depict the social and spiritual contradictions of the thirties: his passivity, blind faith in the chosenness of man by fate and, at the same time, the effective position of part of this generation in an attempt to resist predestination.

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Lermontov’s novel “The Hero of Our Hour” is rightfully called not only a social-psychological, but also a moral-philosophical novel, and philosophical nutrition is organically included in it. The main idea of ​​the novel is to find a place of strong specialness in life, the problem of the human will and the role of the share, its intermediary nutrition about the will of the human will and the proportions and how they are seen differently in all parts Pechorin’s novel never gets a moment’s worth of nourishment: “I’m finally alive.” ? for any final lesson students will become familiar with the main provisions of Belinsky’s article on the novel “A Hero of Our Time” and an assessment of the image of Pechorin in modern Lermontov studies, compare the points of view of critics, identify the meaning-forming role of the plot in its discrepancy with the plot of the novel, and formulate the main features of Pechorin’s personality. The main personality traits of Pechorin. Ideological and compositional features of the novel that contribute to understanding the image of Pechorin: 1. Pechorin analyzes every event of his life and subjects himself to self-analysis of the motives of his behavior. Analytical warehouse mind is Continuing to look at the site, I often wonder who is actually here goodies, and who are negative? And I can’t clearly answer this question. It would seem that the most negative heroes, subsequently, commit very good deeds, and the heroes, it would seem, are positive - quite the opposite. Books Mary - a character in Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" Princess Mary Ligovskaya is one of the main female characters in Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time". She participates in Continuing to look at the site, I often wonder who are the positive characters here and who are the negative ones? And I can’t clearly answer this question. It would seem that the most negative heroes subsequently do very good deeds, and the seemingly positive heroes do the opposite. Books Azamat - a character in Lermontov's story "Hero of Our Time" Azamat - Circassian, son of a prince, minor character Lermontov's story "Hero of Our Time". This is a fifteen-year-old guy who is distinguished by impetuousness, (Essay based on the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”) In the novel “A Hero of Our Time,” Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov touches on issues that are of interest today. Why don’t smart and energetic people find use for their remarkable abilities? What is happiness? What is true friendship? What to believe? What is love and why did it not happen? Who is responsible for evil?.. Lermontov answers these questions with the life story of Pechorin, young nobleman, intellectual of the 1930s

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When was the novel written?

The novel was written in 1839-1840. Events take place during the conquest of the Caucasus.

Where did the events of the novel “A Hero of Our Time” take place?

Pechorin's adventures take place in cities such as Pyatigorsk, Taman, Kislovodsk, in fortress N in the Caucasus and in the Cossack village.

How does Lermontov want to show Pechorina?

Lermontov presents Pechorin to readers as a person endowed with a large number of negative qualities as an immoral and immoral person.

How is the image of Pechorin presented?

Pechorin is presented as a “superfluous” person in society. In those years, he cannot find a place where he could direct his strength and skills, and therefore he is doomed to loneliness.

What was Pechorin's character like?

Pechorin's heart was at odds with his mind. On the one hand, he is a skeptic who lives by comprehending his own curiosity, but on the other hand, he is an unbridled romantic who still secretly hopes that sincere feelings take place in his life.

Who is Pechorin secretly in love with?

He is secretly in love with a woman named Vera.

What can you call Pechorin?

You can call him a player of other people's destinies. He interferes with the lives of the smugglers, exchanges Bela for a horse (but when he gets her, he immediately forgets and tries to erase her from his life), cares for Mary (however, just as soon as things start to move towards marriage, he immediately runs away).

Why does Pechorin risk his life?

Pechorin loves to get adrenaline and challenge his fate. He risked his life many times and each time this risk can hardly be called justified. First he catches the drunken Cossack who killed Vulich and this situation is starting to threaten him own life. After this, he goes on a date with the smuggler who tried to kill him. Then he participates in a duel with Grushnitsky.

Can Pechorin be called happy?

Grigory Pechorin is actually a far from unhappy person, he emphasized this:

“...I have an unhappy character: whether my upbringing made me this way, whether God created me this way, I don’t know; I only know that if I am the cause of others’ unhappiness, then I myself am unhappy...”

Does Vera consider Pechorin an unhappy person?

Yes. Vera believed that Pechorin too often convinced himself that he was happy and thereby deceived himself.

Can Pechorin be called an egoist?

Yes, he is definitely selfish. Pechorin does not know how to sacrifice anything for other people. This is confirmed by his actions. Pechorin too often left an incorrigible mark on the destinies of others just for his own amusement.

Why does Pechorin consider himself a moral invalid?

Pechorin himself emphasizes that constant presence in society forces him to hide his true feelings and emotions and taught him hypocrisy and pretense. Sometimes even Grigory could not understand what he really wanted from life and how he truly related to people, he simply stopped sincerely experiencing feelings.

Did Pechorin have friends?

Pechorin has no friends. He believed that friendship is actually a form of hidden slavery. It was easier for Pechorin to believe that friendship could be replaced by lackeys and money.

What is the relationship between Pechorin and Grushnitsky?

Pechorin despises him for his deceit, weakness and meanness. Although in public they played the roles of friends.

What is the relationship between Pechorin and Dr. Werner?

Pechorin considers the doctor his equal in moral and mental development, so he respects Werner.

How does Pechorin relate to Vulich?

Pechorin calls Vulich a “special creature” only because of his mysterious appearance which is different from the others:

“... his whole appearance seemed to be coordinated in order to give him the appearance of a special being, incapable of sharing thoughts and reasoning with those whom fate gave him as comrades...”

What is the reason for the death of Pechorin?

Since the order of the chapters in the novel is disrupted, readers learn about Pechorin’s death already in the middle of the novel. The author does not indicate the cause of death; he only emphasizes that he dies on the road from Persia to Russia.

In his novel “A Hero of Our Time,” Lermontov set out to write “a portrait made up of the vices of the entire ... generation, in their full development.” Main character works - Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin. This is a very extraordinary, unusual, complex personality. To most fully reveal the image of his hero, Lermontov uses not only a special composition (the principle of broken chronology), but also compares Pechorin with other heroes.

At the center of the system artistic images Pechorin is located. All the other characters group around him, helping to develop his character. Pechorin has his own kind of doubles. These are the exponents of the hero’s second “I”. Pechorin's doubles can be understood as Grushnitsky, Werner, Vulich.

In the chapter “Fatalist” the image of officer Vulich appears. This hero is also in many ways similar to Pechorin. Vulich is a fatalist, he believes in fate and is sure that he will not die before his due date. Therefore, this officer easily makes a bet with Pechorin and shoots himself with a loaded pistol. The gun misfires. But Vulich dies that same evening, after Pechorin predicted his imminent death.

In this chapter, the reader can see that Pechorin, in fact, believes in fate. He is as fatalist as Vulich. But if Vulich surrenders to the will of fate, then Pechorin wants to control his own destiny. Throughout his life he struggles with fate. I think this is main conflict in his life.

Thus, the presence of doubles in a novel is another way to reveal the image of the main character of the work as richly and brightly as possible, to create the most full portrait man of that era.