In what works of Russian literature are they depicted? In which works of Russian classics are the object of depiction social vices, and in what ways can these works be compared with Shchedrin’s “The Wise Piskar”? Changes in life

To educate with dignity, to give a good education, providing even one child with everything necessary is not an easy task in our time. But if there are three or more of them in a family (and such a family can be called large family), the task becomes more complicated many times over: more responsibility, worries and costs. So the benefits and allowances that the state provides large families, are completely justified and vitally necessary, especially taking into account economic situation in a country that has significantly reduced the purchasing power of child benefits.

In 2017 in general large family is considered to be the family in which raising three or more children(including adopted children, as well as stepdaughters and stepsons) under the age of 18. If one of the children is studying at higher education educational institution of any type on a full-time basis or undergoing military service in the army, then in most regions, until they reach the age of 23, the status of a large family is retained for the family. This is documented by receiving a certificate of the established form. At the same time, in many regions it is necessary to annually confirm the status of a large family by providing the necessary package of documents to social services.

In 2017, the Institute of Demography, Migration and Regional Development prepared the concept of the long-awaited federal law On the status of a large family and sent it for consideration Vladimir Putin May 10, 2017.

The bill provides for a wide range of additional support for large families (benefits, benefits and compensation), which is proposed to be provided at the federal level, thanks to which social status parents raising three or more children must fundamentally change and increase.

However, it is proposed to finance additional expenses to support large families through dubious measures - including by introducing tax on small children(for childless citizens and parents with one child). Read more…

Currently, large families in certain regions of the Russian Federation are provided with the following additional social support measures:

According to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 431 dated May 5, 1992, the criteria by which a family is large and the signs of their need for additional social support are determined by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account cultural and national characteristics peoples living in a given territory, as well as based on the economic and socio-demographic development of each region (region, republic, etc.).

In most regions, a family is assigned the status of large if it meets the following criteria:

the family has three or more natural or adopted children;
family members are jointly registered in the territory of a given region (region, republic, autonomous region, etc.);
the age of children does not exceed 18 years;

This category of families is registered annually local authorities social protection of the population. When registering a family with this organization, they are provided with different kinds social assistance: benefits, subsidies, financial assistance and other measures of federal and regional support for families with 3 or more children.

When obtaining the status of a mother (father) with many children, the following children are not taken into account:

are in full state provision in orphanages and other similar institutions involved in raising children;
whose parents have been deprived of parental rights.

During the period that a family has the status of having many children, in many regions a certificate of a mother (father) with many children is issued. To obtain it, you must contact the relevant territorial social service or the Multifunctional Center (if the district MFC accepts documents for this service) and provide the following list of documents:

parents' passport, with a note of residence;
children's birth certificates;
certificates of residence in this region;
certificates of paternity (if available);
certificate for children over 16 years old about their studies;
if there are children from previous marriages or born before marriage, the following are additionally provided:
- certificates:
  - about marriage;
  - about the death of the other parent;
  - about divorce;
- court decisions:
  - about transferring this child to one parent for upbringing;
  - on recognition of the second parent as missing;
- documents on the upbringing of the child (children) in this family;
- force certificate 25 for entering information about the child’s father into the birth certificate (from the registry office);
photographs measuring 3x4 cm of both parents;
when contacted by a guardian or adoptive parent:
decision from the guardianship authority to establish guardianship over these children;
court decision or adoption certificate.

The certificate confirms the status of a large family during the validity period specified in it. Typically this period is 1 year. To continue to receive the benefits you are entitled to, you must annually submit a package of documents to the relevant social service. The certificate will be renewed until:

reaching adulthood;
graduation from an educational institution;
completion of military service;
reaching the age of 23.

What payments are due at the birth of a third child in 2017?

Since the status of a large family is determined differently in each subject Russian Federation, then the list of benefits for this category of people in need differs depending on the social and economic level of development of a particular region.

At the birth of a third or subsequent child, parents can receive the following payments:

Are common, which are due at the birth of any (according to the number of children born) child:
- lump sum benefit for the birth of a child;
- child care allowance up to 1.5 years;
- monthly allowance for a child under 16 (18) years of age;
- maternal capital;
Additional(addressed for families with many children):
- one-time (regional) payment at the birth of the third or subsequent children;
- regional maternal (family) capital;
- monthly cash payment in the event of the birth after December 31, 2012 of a third child or subsequent children until the child reaches age three years.

Based on Federal Law No. 256-FZ dated December 29, 2006, the management Pension Fund In the Russian Federation, you can receive maternity capital, which is issued to a woman at the birth of her second child. However, a certificate for receiving this payment is sometimes provided in the event of the birth of a third or subsequent child, provided that this benefit was not issued for previous children.

Many subjects of the Russian Federation, as one of the measures of social support for large families, issue regional family capital, provided to the mother once after the birth of the 3rd or subsequent child. The certificate is issued in the district department of social protection of the population(OSZN) at the place of residence of the woman applying for it. The size of this maternity capital, the procedure for receiving it and the direction of its implementation are established accordingly in each region providing the above compensation.

To obtain a certificate for regional family capital, you must provide the following list of documents confirming your right to this benefit:

applicant's passport with registration page given subject RF;
certificates:
- about the birth of all children;
- about marriage or divorce;
- about establishing paternity;
additional documents approved for individual regions.

Based on Presidential Decree No. 606 of 05/07/2012, from 2013 in regions with low birth rates, large families at the birth of the 3rd and subsequent children are entitled to monthly monthly cash payment(EDV) for each such child. The size of which is set depending on the cost of living for children in each subject of the Russian Federation.

In 2017, in 42 regions of the country, families with the birth of a third or subsequent child are provided with this payment. One of the parents of this family can apply to the social protection department to receive EDV by providing a full package of required documents. OSZN will check all the applicant’s information, if it meets all the requirements, it will assign a benefit from the moment of birth baby until his third birthday. However, to receive this payment continuously during these 3 years, it is necessary update once a year changing information (about income, accommodation, etc.).

You can learn more about the EDV for the third and subsequent children born (adopted) after December 31, 2012 on the corresponding page of this site.

Since 1992, by Decree No. 431 of 05/05/1992, the following targeted compensations were introduced for social support of large families:

reimbursement of 30% of payments for utility services or for purchased fuel for houses without central heating;
for children under 6 years of age, free receipt of medications prescribed by the attending physician;
Schoolchildren receive free travel on city, suburban and regional public transport (bus, trolleybus, metro, tram, etc.);
priority admission to kindergartens, nurseries and other preschool institutions;
free meals for schoolchildren, lyceums, gymnasiums and vocational schools;
free provision to school students of sports uniforms and kit installed in the given educational institution, school uniform or children's clothing that replaces it for attending classes;
free entry to exhibitions, cultural parks and museums once a month;
priority provision of garden plots;
allocation land plots those wishing to organize a farm with partial or complete exemption from land tax or rent;
provision of an interest-free loan or financial assistance for reimbursement of expenses associated with the development of the above-mentioned farm;
full or percentage exemption from the registration fee for individual entrepreneurs;
assist in providing interest-free or preferential loans and loans for the purchase of building materials, as well as for the construction of residential premises.

From paragraph 6 of Art. 39.5 Land Code The Russian Federation follows that families with three or more children are provided with a free plot of land. The procedure for obtaining it is established by regional government agencies authorities.

In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it is required that a large family applying for land be registered as needing improved housing conditions. The issued plots can be used for:

running a personal subsidiary or farm;
gardening and gardening;
livestock farming;
construction of a summer house or residential building.

The provided land area must contain the following mandatory information:

Plots are issued to families with many children in the order of priority. One of the parents (adoptive parent), having filled out the appropriate application, must provide the following set of basic documents:

a copy of the applicant's passport;
certificates of family composition;
copies of certificates:
- about the birth of all children;
- about marriage, divorce or establishing paternity.

This list of documents is not exhaustive, so in some regions it may differ from the one presented.

Where to get gifts for large families for the New Year

Large low-income families are provided with various types of financial assistance. Frequency, criteria of need and type of assistance provided (food, medicine, clothing, cash etc.) is determined by the regional social protection authority. Typically, cash payments are made annually or semi-annually. However, in addition to financial support for this category of family, gifts are given for holidays, usually for the New Year and Mother's Day.

To receive such gifts you need to contact the district Center for Social Assistance to Family and Children. However, for this you need in advance:

obtain the status of a large family by registering with this institution;
re-register child benefits annually, providing updated information on income.

After fulfilling the above conditions, in order for the given family to receive the gifts they are entitled to, the following documents must be submitted to this center:

statement;
applicant's passport;
birth certificates of all children;
certificate of receipt of monthly child benefit;

Comments 44

Why did they stop paying me child benefit as a mother of many children?

You need to call Social Security. Every year they need to bring a certificate of income for the last 3 months.

Fine! And I mother of many children, for 3 children I get 397 rubles. everyone, Tambov. Why are my children worse than Muscovites?

Why are there complaints against Muscovites? Address questions to your Tambov leadership.

And this is, first you need to think with your head, and then with your legs... Well, you understand.

They receive monthly governor's allowance for the third child. Go to social media protection and find out.

Gifts for large families New Year? I’ve never even heard of this, and no one in our social security even told me even once when I applied for benefits.

Hello, our 3rd child will be born in 2017. What benefits or payments are we entitled to? Considering that 1 of our children died, we received a maternal certificate at the birth of the 2nd child, we have not yet implemented it. And now my wife is pregnant with her 3rd child.

They also don’t give us any gifts, there are no benefits for meals at school, and recently the 30 percent fee for electricity was abolished; the authorities don’t help at all. Altai region.

IN Nizhny Novgorod region We, as a large family, were denied a plot of land.

We live in Yaroslavl, registration is temporary for 5 years, and permanent registration is in another region. We were not given the status of a large family, only partially, and the only benefit was rent at the place of registration, where we do not live. I’m generally silent about gifts.

Yes, it’s all there on paper, but in real life- No. Officials receive everything they are supposed to. It is very easy for them to draw up documents themselves without informing the person who has the right to do so. I speak firsthand - I went through this when I received child benefits.

I am against all benefits, since they are a feeding ground for unhappy officials and discredit the state. All payments are strictly in accordance with the direct law, so that a person can control the implementation of the law by officials.

I agree with Larisa. Schoolchildren receive free travel, but instead receive compensation of 100 rubles. per month, although the cost of one trip is 25 rubles. Free lunches, but instead - compensation of 350 rubles, when lunches cost 1000 rubles. Payment for uniforms for schoolchildren - compensation of 200 rubles! What is this, an “Adam suit” for this money?! This is the first time I’ve heard about gifts.

And here in Nalchik they give gifts, but no compensation, free travel or tracksuits there is no trace of it. After 1.5 years, unfortunate 200 rubles. and that's it! They may give you land, but where you don’t want to take it.

I am a mother of six children from Chelyabinsk. I received a certificate for a large family, but what's the point? No free travel - we pay as we paid. I now receive an allowance for four children, the youngest 3 years old, 270 rubles each. on a child, funny. I myself don’t work because there is no kindergarten, and there is no one to leave the children with. Here are your benefits! We don't see any benefits!

In Tver, we were not paid social benefits for January. They don't explain the reason.

We don’t have this at all in the Trans-Baikal Territory. This is the first time I've heard about this.

We help everyone! This is Mother Russia! In fact, sometimes we just want to run away from this country, but what stops us is that who will need us there.

And they gave us a plot of land, next to it there was a colony for prisoners. Good view on high fence with barbed wire. A crazy thought sometimes comes to me - to escape to some nearest country, maybe there we will get at least some help from our “generous” government.

Hello! Who can tell me that in order to receive a monthly allowance and a lump sum payment at the birth of a third child, should both parents be citizens of the Russian Federation or is it sufficient for only one parent to have citizenship?

Benefits up to three years of age are paid only for one child, and subsequent children receive the same benefits up to 1.5 years of age. This is how it is in the Krasnodar region!

How can you find out which of them is up to 3 years old and which is up to 1.5?

We receive EDV benefits for our third child under three years of age. For the first and second, and also when the third turns 3 years old, we will receive the same amount - about 1,750 rubles. / 1 child. I have 2 and 3 - twins. For one I get the same as for the second - 1,750 rubles, and for the other - as for the third, 8,766 rubles.

Tell me, does anyone know what payments a large family with three children is entitled to for school fees for a first-grader?

The state does not provide anything for first-graders on September 1! My husband is paid by his employer, under a collective agreement, a certain amount to get his child ready for school on September 1st. We became a large family just before our eldest daughter’s 1st grade, and this money was a pleasant surprise.

Moscow is fun! If you have many children - 600 rubles. for everyone (for an increase in the cost of living or something like that), 522 to pay for housing and communal services (by the way, we have a one-room apartment of 36 meters, I pay according to EPD 4800, electricity is 800-1000 rubles, and even then I constantly run everywhere and turn everything off. ), 675 rub. for an increase in the cost of food up to 3 years, 230 rubles compensation for the telephone. If low-income, then 2500 rubles. from 1.5 to 3 years, the rest 1500. That's it. They don't give anything else.

Benefits include free travel and some museums. If they are low-income, then from 3 to 7 years old, they can give a vacation package to the whole family. The fact is that, for example, I have 3 children, and where they give a ticket, they only accept children from 3 years old - pay extra / don’t pay extra, they won’t let you in with a small child anyway. The youngest is 5 months old, the older one is 5 years old, it is given for children and 1 accompanying person.

It turns out that when the youngest is 3 and the eldest is 8 - well, why do I need their voucher? If I pay more for additional payments for my husband and for my eldest daughter, than if I took a trip for everyone myself. However, it is not a fact that you will be approved for it at all.). There should be free medications (for everyone under 3 years of age), but they prescribe analogues that are not on the list. Swear or don’t swear, but it’s impossible to knock out a recipe.

But in Magadan, low-income people receive 15,000 per child, in St. Petersburg 7,500, in Voronezh 7,500 + for low birth rates and other federal payments. And we give 50 rubles to a child under 3 years old. we get. And at the same time, it is the Muscovites that the country feeds; we all drive Ferraris and Bentleys here and live in mansions. Sorry, just a cry from the heart.

You also forgot to say that Muscovites are also not given land for a third person. And in general, in fact, we are deprived of a lot. Apparently, it should be good for Muscovites ((

It’s even better in Gelendzhik. I have a large family, we’ve been running around in rented apartments for 18 years, it’s not possible to rent everywhere with four children anymore, and we don’t have anything of our own. We pay 25 thousand for rented housing, since 2011 everyone gives us land, and the mayor keeps smiling and telling us to go to hell. In 2011 we were one of the first, in 2013 there were already 56, in 2015 - already 183, now in 2017 they already said that now we will definitely give them, in the spring. In general, a vicious circle.

When they voted for Putin, they thought that he would decide everything. As a result, wherever they wrote to Moscow, there were a lot of replies from Moscow to Krasnodar, then all again to Gelendzhik. So there’s no point in writing to someone there if the mayor of Gelendzhik decides anyway. Even the 2013-2014 court is on our side. In general, we have accumulated so much waste paper that we could cover half the room. We don’t know what to do next, someone please advise. My phone number is 89284348611.

Why on earth should people who have one child pay for those who have many?!

The state has decided, at the expense of small children, to solve the problems of those families where they multiply thoughtlessly and do not think about how they will raise, feed, and clothe them! But no one thought that in a family with one child, they rely on their financial capabilities!

It's time wages raise, and not invent any heresy! I am against such measures, despite the fact that I have two children and, in fact, this does not concern me! I'm shocked!

Putin and his deputies will go crazy if they do this. Solve problems not at the expense of other people! Reduce your salary, and Medvedev’s, and all your officials, and raise ours. And look how arrogant they are. Idiots.

It seems to me that this is another stuffing. They give birth not only because they have/don’t have money or have/don’t have health. What if the first birth is difficult? And if the second one is definitely a cesarean section? This is nonsense, there will never be such a tax. At least for the foreseeable future.

If they actually pay 25 thousand for 3 children before they reach 5-7 years old and include at least half of this period in the experience, then 100% the birth of a third.

Give birth with a salary of 10,000? The benefit is only up to one and a half years, and then there is no money, but you hold on! Provide a job with a salary that can support children, and then we’ll see.

This is all nonsense. Putin will not sign this bill and will submit it for revision. Imagine, now the scourges will begin to raise the demographics of the country by 25-100 thousand. The Ministry of Finance does not want to pay 25 thousand from maternity capital in 2017, but here they will pay 25 thousand every month, yeah. This won't happen.

To become a large family, you must first have few children.

Do the bosses know how much effort and labor have to be put into one child, especially if he grows up, for example, without a father and without housing? Yes, we have half the country without men with children. The men (not all) revel in their freedom. Do gentlemen know how many young people there are now who cannot give birth? They are being treated, but to no avail. Have you tried to understand why?

You came up with a good idea - land handle large families. You can’t force an oligarch to do this, but the fields are empty, Agriculture no way! If you don’t cultivate the fields, you won’t receive compensation. Great moves!

I actually have two children, and in general this doesn’t concern me, but I’m against such measures - I’m so angry, I really don’t have the strength. Well, look, Comrade Putin, how your Medvedev lives and in what mansions, how all the officials live! You have so much real estate that you can’t count it on your fingers and toes.

You won’t even be able to imagine for a split second how you can live on 30 thousand for four people. The well-fed will never understand the hungry! If only people paid benefits for up to 3 years, otherwise the state is disgraced by paying 50 rubles! Do you even see how much we get up to 3 years? 50 rub.! You pay us, parents, a piece of bread a month!

Yesterday I was at a reception with the mayor of Syktyvkar regarding the refusal of financial assistance to a low-income large family, 5 thousand are given once every 3 years. It turned out that I am rich among the poor and according to the law I have no right. And schools and clubs where they voluntarily and compulsorily ask for money - they say, don’t pay, everything is free with us. True, today the phone cut off; everyone turned out to need something from me. And when did they point a finger at me about my 5 children? I think not everyone has the health and strength to fight alone.

In a word, no matter what they amuse themselves in Moscow, as long as the regions don’t hang themselves later...

There are not even words! I am raising three children, I am simply shocked for our state - nothing for ordinary people not done! They just stupidly watch us survive. I started to struggle with the extortions at school from my elder - it’s scary for me, of course, but I’m already tired of all this. I’m scared for the child that they will start to spread rot, but I don’t want to retreat, just let them try to do something! And so there is no money, so they went nuts at school!

I don’t pay any money to school, except for gifts. Money is allocated for everything, and don’t let them cry! I also haven’t paid for security for many years, since money is allocated for that too. Funds are allocated for repairs, double-glazed windows, lamps, etc.!

And the more parents refuse to pay, the better! The school doesn't get a penny from me! Workers also have no right to demand notebooks, and you have the right to refuse to buy them. And they have no right to give deuces for their absence. We have three students, and we simply cannot afford the prices for these notebooks.

I came across the placement of children in the village. and in the first grade of school due to a change of residence. Not so, as soon as they hear that a large family does not accept decent kindergartens and schools. They offer the worst, so you can turn around as you wish. After all, the state helps us, so hire tutors for children.

Tell me, please, where is the country heading? They want high level birth rate, but they don’t want to pay money, even if they added children’s children, otherwise they pay 275 rubles. and raise 4 children with this money.

Hello. Honestly, you are not giving birth to children for the state, but for yourself. We have 115 rubles for children, and I am also the mother of three children, I gave birth to children for myself and for my husband, and we do not demand anything from the state. I didn’t receive anything, my husband works alone, and our salaries are small. Remember once and for all - think with your head first, and then give birth, the state does not give birth for you.

Everyone thinks with their heads. But you say that until your husband runs away from you. Nowadays men are tired of difficulties and go their own way.

But we forgive debts, the Kyrgyz have forgiven $240 million and annually pay $30 million to the budget free of charge!

I agree that we give birth to children for ourselves, but the state is also interested in them. If we don’t give birth to babies now, then who will then provide officials and deputies with holidays on the Cote d’Azur?

You may want children, but there is no way to support them, which is why the state provides benefits for families with many children. There is nothing shameful in the fact that we expect help from the state in raising children on their feet, and if you want to survive on your small salaries, limiting yourself in anything, that’s your business, there is no need to condemn those who want to live better, even while counting on the state.

I don’t understand what it means to give birth for ourselves? We bring into the world children who ask to be born and live on Earth, earning invaluable experience. That's what they only say self-centered people. They give birth not for themselves, but in order to give life and help those born find themselves in life. Parents are the first teachers, bodyguards, love warmers, cooks, laundresses and much more while the child is growing, and if there are many children, then the parents generally forget about themselves. I’ll ask again, “what is it for yourself?” They grow up and start their own families, become full-fledged citizens, pay taxes for the development of the state, etc., etc.

There are parents who give birth only for money and children are a source of income for them. And then they pump up the rights that everyone owes and owes them. Children-consumers grow up in such families. There is nothing good about this. If parents really want and love children, they will find a way to earn money and feed their children, and assistance from the state does not come first, unlike some...

We are a large family of 3 children, and my husband and I went to apply for a car tax exemption. They didn’t talk to us - they said they were a large family of 4 children. But I have the status of having many children in my hands! Do they have the right to refuse us?

This is only about the tax office... But in general, what is going on with education in the country? It’s not just my child who suffers from a low score on his certificate. They don’t accept them into any school; the doors are closed in front of them. The child is eager to go to this school, but they tell him to go to hell. But he doesn’t want to go to grades 10 and 11, you can’t force him. Where is the way out of this situation?

Let them give people housing, to which everyone has the right according to the constitution!

We have three children, five of us live in St. Petersburg, 12 meters away, together. They provided different maternity capital (for one of which you need to have your own money, so that the state will return it later, and the same with land). They gave me a subsidy for housing... But, good people, according to the standard, this cannot buy ANYTHING. Get into a mortgage and pay until you retire. Excuse me, what should we invest in children? Is begging for benefits funny?

Give families housing and remove benefits, then the image of a large family will change from poor to self-sufficient.

We have built SO MUCH housing in the north of the city that we could give all the large families in the city 5 apartments... So nooo, we need to suck the last out of people. We are avoiding mortgage slavery for now - it’s very risky, we are already approaching 40. The mentality of those who grew up in the USSR, where they provided normal apartments, does not allow us now to flaunt the only opportunity provided - the “freedom” of choosing a bank...

And they all talk about increasing the birth rate on TV... ugh.

We have been wandering around with 4 children for 2 years in rented houses, and officials and the culprits of our troubles do not consider it necessary to punish. Nobody needs anything!

Certificates are of no use; you can’t get into bondage with 3 children. The mortgage is for 20 years, but for some reason the benefit is only up to 3. If you paid until you reach adulthood, you could take a risk, but regional payments are generally just a mockery. Compensation for 25 percent of what was spent on study, and only for 1 year - and why not the entire period of study? You also have to collect a bunch of papers and bring them, but Social Security is usually on the 2nd floor, and it’s almost impossible to get there with strollers. Somehow we can leave our children with their grandmothers, but it is simply impossible for disabled people and old women with bad legs.

I am a mother of 3 children. I love children very much, but I also expect help from the state... And if I don’t take everything that is due to me from the state, they will take everything that’s mine for themselves. I’m from the Tambov region, this happened here.

Hello, in the capital they support large families, but what about us from the outback? For example, in the Arkhangelsk region everything is cancelled. They say, give birth - but then how to educate? We have 5 children, 4 children received benefits until they were 3 years old, and 5 were told that they were not entitled to it. I wrote everywhere, even to the president! But in the end, nothing. But we work, and the house is old. So why do people help people with many children somewhere, and why are we worse? Or because we live in the wrong place? Or are the children here and there somehow different?

The best articles about child benefits

Table of the amount of child benefits until February 1, 2017 and the procedure for indexing social payments to families with children (including maternity benefits for working parents).

When can you take maternity leave at your place of work, how long does it last and what is the amount of maternity benefits paid in 2016?

How much is the monthly care allowance paid for up to 1.5 years for the first and second child to working mothers from the Social Insurance Fund (SIF) and to non-working mothers through the Social Security authorities?

What benefits are available for the birth of 1, 2 and 3 children in 2017, for low-income families, unemployed women and single mothers? Will maternity capital be paid for the second child?

What benefits are paid to low-income families upon the birth of a child? Payments in the regions for a child under 16 years of age based on the criteria of targeting and need (monthly or quarterly).

Which works of Russian classics depict the morals of bureaucracy and in what ways do these works have something in common with Gogol’s “The Inspector General”?

Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.

Bobchinsky<...>We had just arrived at the hotel when suddenly a young man...

Dobchinsky (interrupting). Not bad looking, in a private dress...

: Bobchinsky. Not bad-looking, in a particular dress, walks around the room like that, and in his face there’s a kind of reasoning... physiognomy... actions, and here (twirls his hand near his forehead). many, many things. It was as if I had a presentiment and said to Pyotr Ivanovich: “There’s something here for a reason, sir.” Yes. And Pyotr Ivanovich already blinked his finger and called the innkeeper, sir, the innkeeper Vlas: his wife gave birth to him three weeks ago, and such a perky boy will, just like his father, run the inn. Pyotr Ivanovich called Vlas and asked him quietly: “Who, he says, is this young man? “- and Vlas answers this: “This,” he says... Eh, don’t interrupt, Pyotr Ivanovich, please don’t interrupt; you won’t tell, by God you won’t tell: you whisper; you, I know, have one tooth whistling in your mouth... “This is, he says, a young man, an official,” yes, sir, “coming from St. Petersburg, and his last name, he says, is Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, sir, but he’s going, he says, to the Saratov province and, he says, he attests to himself in a very strange way: he’s been living for another week, he’s not leaving the tavern, he’s taking everything into his account and doesn’t want to pay a penny.” As he told me this, and so it was brought to my senses from above. “Eh! “I say to Pyotr Ivanovich...

Dobchinsky. No, Pyotr Ivanovich, it was I who said: “eh! »

Bobchinsky. First you said it, and then I said it too. “Eh! - Pyotr Ivanovich and I said. - Why on earth should he sit here when his road lies to the Saratov province? "Yes, sir. But he is this official.

Mayor. Who, what official?

Bobchinsky. The official about whom you deigned to receive a lecture is an auditor.

Mayor (in fear). What are you, God bless you! It's not him.

Dobchinsky. He! and he doesn’t pay money and doesn’t go. Who else should it be if not him? And the road ticket is registered in Saratov.

Bobchinsky. He, he, by God he... So observant: he examined everything. He saw that Pyotr Ivanovich and I were eating salmon, more because Pyotr Ivanovich was talking about his stomach... yes, he looked into our plates. I was filled with fear.

Mayor. Lord, have mercy on us sinners! Where does he live there?

Dobchinsky. In the fifth room, under the stairs.

Bobchinsky. In the same room where visiting officers fought last year.

Mayor. How long has he been here?

Dobchinsky. And it’s already two weeks. Came to see Vasily the Egyptian.

Mayor. Two weeks! (To the side.) Fathers, matchmakers! Bring it out, holy saints! In these two weeks the non-commissioned officer's wife was flogged! The prisoners were not given provisions! There's a tavern on the streets, it's unclean! A shame! vilification! (He grabs his head.)

Artemy Filippovich. Well, Anton Antonovich? - Parade to the hotel.

Ammos Fedorovich. No no! Put your head forward, the clergy, the merchants; here in the book “The Acts of John Mason”...

Mayor. No no; let me do it myself. Were there difficult cases in real life, we went and even received a thank you. Perhaps God will bear it now. (Addressing Bobchinsky.) You say he is a young man?

Bobchinsky. Young, about twenty-three or four years old.

Mayor. So much the better: you’ll get wind of the young man sooner. It’s a disaster if the old devil is the one who’s young and the one at the top. You, gentlemen, get ready for your part, and I will go on my own, or at least with Pyotr Ivanovich, privately, for a walk, to see if those passing by are in trouble...

N. V. Gogol “The Inspector General”

Explanation.

The morals of officialdom are a topical topic for Russian classical literature of the 19th century. The theme raised by Gogol in “The Inspector General”, “The Overcoat”, brilliantly developed by him in “ Dead souls ah”, was reflected in the stories of A.P. Chekhov: “Fat and Thin”, “Death of an Official” and others. The distinctive features of officials in the works of Gogol and Chekhov are bribery, stupidity, money-grubbing, inability to develop and fulfill the main function assigned to them - managing a city, province, state. Let us remember the officials of the county town from Dead Souls. Their interests are limited to their own pockets and entertainment, they see the meaning of life in veneration of rank, and the officials in the above excerpt from “The Inspector General” appear like this before us. Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, Ammos Fedorovich, even the mayor - each of them has something to fear, this fear does not allow them to consider Khlestakov’s true face, but they are frantically trying to get out of an unpleasant situation by any means. In Chekhov’s stories, the official is so insignificant that he is ready to die from fear of a higher rank (“Death of an Official”), this is the path from Gogol’s official to Chekhov’s official - complete degradation.

The morals of bureaucracy are depicted in such works as the comedy “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Griboyedov and the poem " Dead Souls» N.V. Gogol.

One of the main characters of Griboedov’s comedy, Famusov, is an official holding a high position. But he is also greedy for honor: Famusov flatters Skalozub and wants to marry him off only daughter, because he “aims to be a general.” He is not embarrassed by Skalozub’s genuine stupidity, because he is rich, which is why he is extremely polite to him. Likewise, the mayor is ready to flatter for his own benefit when he tries in every way to win over the imaginary auditor.

The main feature of officials from “Dead Souls” is an immeasurable love for bribery. For example, when Chichikov goes to draw up documents on the peasants’ case, they hint to him that without money there is no way to complete the matter, and the police chief does not take up work at all without wine appearing on his table.

Likewise, both the mayor and the judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin without hesitation take bribes and rob the treasury.

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Useful material on the topic

8, 9. Why did the mayor easily believe the talkers Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky? Which works of Russian classics depict the morals of bureaucracy and in what ways do these works have something in common with Gogol’s “The Inspector General”?

The materials are addressed to literature teachers and graduates for preparing assignment C2. The Unified State Examination is compiled in accordance with the assessment criteria of Part C.

Theme "fathers and sons"

C2. Which works of Russian classics depict ideological clashes between representatives? different generations and in what way can these works be compared with “fathers and sons”?

Ideological clashes between representatives of different generations are depicted in the drama by A.N. Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" and in A. S. Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit."

In A. N. Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm" there is a conflict between the representative " dark kingdom» Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova, defender of the old foundations, and representative younger generation Katerina. Kabanikha is accustomed to the unquestioning submission of her loved ones, but in her own family she sees the awakening of something new, alien to her. Katerina cannot come to terms with the authority, despotism, and tyranny of her mother-in-law.

In the comedy A.S. Griboyedov's "Woe from Wit" there is a clash on ideological grounds between Famusov, a representative of the "past century", and Chatsky, a representative of the "present century". The basis of the conflict is a sharp difference in views on the meaning of life, on the attitude towards wealth, rank, career, service, serfdom, education, and attitude towards everything foreign.

Thus, the writers argue that the views on life of the younger and older generations in different times does not match.

Theme: “Hero-Entrepreneurs”

C2. In which works Russian classics depicts the type of “active hero” and in what way can he be compared with Andrei Stolts?

“Active heroes” were portrayed by A.P. Chekhov, I.A. Goncharov, N.V. Gogol.

In the play by A.P. Chekhov " The Cherry Orchard» Ermolai Lopakhin managed to get out of poverty and achieve material well-being without any outside help. The hero correctly assesses the situation of the owners of the cherry orchard and gives them practical advice, which would allow saving the estate: he invites the owners to lay out a garden and land on the river on summer cottages.

In N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” P.I. Chichikov is shown as enterprising person. He fulfills his father’s order to save a penny. He did not spend the money left by his father, but multiplied it (he molded a bullfinch from wax, painted it and sold it; he sold food to his classmates), in provincial town N managed to find an approach to everyone he approached with a request to sell “dead souls.”

Thus, Andrei Stolts, and Chichikov, and Lopakhin are “active heroes”, each of them earns money, each strives to become successful person.

Subject duels

C2. The heroes of which works of Russian classics are tested in a duel?

Eugene Onegin from the novel of the same name in verse by A.S. took part in the duel. Pushkin, as well as Pierre Bezukhov and Dolokhov from the epic novel “War and Peace”.

In the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” by A.S. Pushkin main character was forced to accept Lensky's challenge, he was afraid of the “opinion of the world,” which he himself despised so much.

In the epic novel “War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy, Pierre Bezukhov shoots with Dolokhov, as a result of which the second was wounded.

Thus, the heroes decide to duel, hoping that it will remove the shame from the offended person and restore their honor.

Dream motive

C2. Which works of Russian classics describe the dreams of heroes?

A dream is often a continuation of events that happened recently, or, conversely, predicting the future. In Russian literature, the dream motif is one of the techniques psychological analysis. Transmitted in a dream state of mind hero in moments of great upheaval.

"Oblomov's Dream" in novel of the same name Goncharov allows us to find the origins of the hero’s character, to imagine the life, environment, and customs that shaped Ilya Oblomov. As a child, Ilyusha was not even allowed to dress himself. They only made sure that the child ate well and did not overwork himself while studying with Stolz.

In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Rodion has a dream before the crime, at a time of painful thoughts. The action takes place in Rodion's childhood. He dreams that he and his father pass by a tavern and see drunken men beating a horse. The boy tries to intercede, but in front of the crowd, the unfortunate nag is finished off with an iron crowbar. Rodion is crying and wants to scream.

Thus, the introduction of a dream into a work gives the writer the opportunity to penetrate into the most hidden properties of the hero’s soul, into his subconscious.

Storage images

C2. Which works of Russian literature depict characters similar in character and worldview to Nastasya Petrovna Korobochka, What exactly is this similarity?

The image of a hoarder can be observed in N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”, in F.M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”, in D.I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor”.

The box saves money “in colorful bags”, cares about the safety of its condition, so it keeps great amount dogs

The old money-lender also wants to increase her income by lending money at interest.

Prostakova robbed her serfs to the bone. The main thing for her in life is personal gain.

Thus, all the heroines want to get rich at the expense of other people.

"Russian revolt"

C2. Which works of Russian classics show the tragedy of the “Russian revolt”?

In Russian classics, the theme of the “Russian revolt” was touched upon more than once. At all times, there have been people who resigned themselves to the strength and inevitability of circumstances and were ready to accept fate as it was with their heads bowed. But at all times there have been people who were ready to fight for their happiness, people who did not want to tolerate injustice, people who had nothing to lose. We can meet such people on the pages of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "Dubrovsky" and the novel " Captain's daughter».

Troekurov, one of the main characters, took possession of Kistenevka with the help of bribes and bribery, and now, according to the law, the peasants became the property of this cruel and oppressive landowner. Vladimir Dubrovsky cannot come to terms with the idea that in the house where he spent his childhood, where his mother and father died, a person guilty of all the misfortunes that befell him will live. Dubrovsky decides to burn the house and hide. Many peasants who have shown their dissatisfaction with the current situation follow him. In an effort to restore justice, a squad of robbers robs the rich on the roads.

Historical background the novel "The Captain's Daughter" are real events peasant war 1773-1775 under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. A.S. Pushkin described in detail the entire course of events: the capture of fortresses, the siege of Orenburg, the execution of Pugachev, the suppression of the uprising.

Thus, the people have fought against injustice at all times.

Matchmaking

C2. Which works of Russian writers talk about matchmaking?

Matchmaking is discussed in D.I. Fonvizin’s play “Minor”, in epic novel M.A. Sholokhova " Quiet Don", in N.V. Gogol's play "The Inspector General".

In D.I. Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor,” Skotinin and Mitrofanushka woo Sophia, but Starodum refuses them, since she has already made an arrangement with Milo.

In N.V. Gogol’s play “The Inspector General,” Khlestakov first confesses his love to the mayor’s daughter, then to his wife. The hero proposes to his daughter, takes money from the mayor, supposedly in order to discuss the wedding with his uncle.

In the epic novel by M.A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”, the father of Grigory Melekhov wooes Natalya Korshunova in order to stop his son’s illegal relationship with Aksinya.

Thus, only Sophia was the happiest of the above-mentioned heroines.

Changes in life

C2. In which works of Russian classics do the heroes encounter the need for change?

Changes in life occur for Gerasim in the story by I.S. Turgenev “Mumu”, in Andrei Sokolov’s story “The Fate of a Man” by M.A. Sholokhov, as well as in Grigory Melekhov’s epic novel “Quiet Don”.

Gerasim, the main character of the story, was brought to Moscow by a capricious lady from the village and given a job as a janitor. He performed his duties honestly and conscientiously. Walking along the river, the hero saves the puppy, brings it to his home and begins to care for the pet. After the lady's order to exterminate the dog, the janitor disobeys his mistress and goes back to the village.

In M.A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man,” Andrei Sokolov lost everything in the war: home, family, and, it would seem, there is no longer any meaning in life. The hero takes him in for his upbringing orphan boy. Now he has someone to live for!

In the epic novel “Quiet Don” M.A. Sholokhov portrays a difficult moral path Grigory Melekhov. During Civil War the hero goes over to the side of the whites, then to the side of the reds. At the end of the novel, he returns home, he doesn’t want to fight anymore, the meaning of life is children. Life goes on.

Thus, if a person strives for changes in life, he makes efforts to change his life in better side.

Dramatic relationship between lovers

C2. Which works of Russian writers depict dramatic relationships between lovers?

The dramatic relationship between lovers is depicted in the drama by A.N. Ostrovsky’s “The Thunderstorm”, M.A. Sholokhov’s novel-epic “Quiet Don”, as well as in A.S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”.

Katerina, main character plays, falls in love with Boris. She struggles with her feelings in every possible way, as she is married woman. Dikoy sends Boris to Siberia; the hero is not ready to take responsibility for the life of the woman he loves.

In A.S. Griboedov’s play “Woe from Wit,” Chatsky is in love with Sophia, but she prefers Molchalin. In love, Chatsky is not so much deceived as deceiving himself; he, like all lovers, sees what he wants without noticing the obvious.

In the epic novel Quiet Don, Sholokhov tells the love story of Grigory Melekhov with the married Aksinya. The heroes overcome many trials to be together, but the heroine dies.

Thus, lovers fight for their happiness, suffer, overcome many life trials.

Serf drama

C2.Which works of Russian classics depict the drama of the serf?

The life of serfs was depicted by A.P. Chekhov in the play “The Cherry Orchard”, M.E. Saltykov - Shchedrin in fairy tales " Wild landowner" and "the story of how one man fed two generals."

In the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, he speaks with bitterness about the humility of the peasant. The writer leads readers to think that it is time for a strong, strong man to think about his position and stop meekly submitting to the ruling class.

The owners forget about the sick footman Firs and lock him up, although the old man faithfully served Gaev and Ranevskaya all his life.

Thus, the writers show that the ruling class is indifferent to the fate of its serfs.

Friendship

C2. Which works of Russian classics depict heroes connected by friendly relations?

In Russian classics, Onegin and Lensky in the novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, Grinev and Pugachev in A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter” were connected by friendly relations.

Onegin and Lensky became friends out of “nothing to do.” Lensky introduced Onegin to the Larin family. After a quarrel between friends, a duel took place, in which Lensky was killed.

In the novel “The Captain's Daughter” by A.S. Pushkin, friendly relations develop between Pugachev and Grinev. The author portrays Pugachev as complex and contradictory nature. On the one hand, he is a thief and a villain, declared state criminal, on the other hand, he is fair and noble man, remembering goodness. Pugachev helps Peter get out of the fortress occupied by the rebels, and then frees Masha Mironova from Shvabrin’s tyranny.

Thus, friendly relations The characters are based on the fact that they understand each other, but at the same time, these relationships are short-lived and at some point end for various reasons.

Which works of Russian classics depict the morals of bureaucracy and in what ways do these works have something in common with Gogol’s “The Inspector General”?

Bobchinsky We had just arrived at the hotel when suddenly a young man...

Dobchinsky (interrupting). Not bad looking, in a private dress...

Bobchinsky. Not bad-looking, in a particular dress, walks around the room like that, and in his face there’s this kind of reasoning... physiognomy... actions, and here (twists his hand near his forehead). many, many things. It was as if I had a presentiment and said to Pyotr Ivanovich: “There’s something here for a reason, sir.” Yes. And Pyotr Ivanovich already blinked his finger and called the innkeeper, sir, the innkeeper Vlas: his wife gave birth to him three weeks ago, and such a perky boy will, just like his father, run the inn. Pyotr Ivanovich called Vlas and asked him quietly: “Who, he says, is this young man? “- and Vlas answers this: “This,” he says... Eh, don’t interrupt, Pyotr Ivanovich, please don’t interrupt; you won’t tell, by God you won’t tell: you whisper; you, I know, have one tooth whistling in your mouth... “This is, he says, a young man, an official,” yes, sir, “coming from St. Petersburg, and his last name, he says, is Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, sir, but he’s going, he says, to the Saratov province and, he says, he attests to himself in a very strange way: he’s been living for another week, he’s not leaving the tavern, he’s taking everything into his account and doesn’t want to pay a penny.” As he told me this, and so it was brought to my senses from above. “Eh! “- I say to Pyotr Ivanovich...

Dobchinsky. No, Pyotr Ivanovich, it was I who said: “eh! »

Mayor. Who, what official?

Bobchinsky. The official about whom you deigned to receive a notation is an auditor.

Mayor (in fear). What are you, God bless you! It's not him.

Dobchinsky. He! and he doesn’t pay money and doesn’t go. Who else should it be if not him? And the road ticket is registered in Saratov.

Mayor. Lord, have mercy on us sinners! Where does he live there?

Dobchinsky. In the fifth room, under the stairs.

Bobchinsky. In the same room where visiting officers fought last year.

Mayor. How long has he been here?

Dobchinsky. And it’s already two weeks. Came to see Vasily the Egyptian.

Mayor. Two weeks! (To the side.) Fathers, matchmakers! Bring it out, holy saints! In these two weeks the non-commissioned officer's wife was flogged! The prisoners were not given provisions! There's a tavern on the streets, it's unclean! A shame! vilification! (He grabs his head.)

Artemy Filippovich. Well, Anton Antonovich? - Parade to the hotel.

Ammos Fedorovich. No no! Put your head forward, the clergy, the merchants; here in the book “The Acts of John Mason”...

Mayor. No no; let me do it myself. There have been difficult situations in life, we went, and even received thanks. Perhaps God will bear it now. (Addressing Bobchinsky.) You say he is a young man?

Bobchinsky. Young, about twenty-three or four years old.

N. V. Gogol “The Inspector General”

Show full text

Russian classics in their works often covered the morals of officials in Russia. Thus, in the comedy “Woe from Wit” by Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, “ Famusov society" It depicts “servants of the people” who defend the old order, advocate veneration and groveling before senior officials. Bright representative of this society - Molchalin, a hypocritical and unprincipled young man. He is obsequious and immoral (“After all, you have to depend on others... // We are of small ranks”). The comedies “The Inspector General” and “Woe from Wit” are similar in that the officials described in them (the mayor, Strawberry