What can lead a person to. What action can be called dishonest essay

Date of publication: November 29, 2016

A verified final essay on the topic “If a person has committed a dishonest act, then he is dishonest to the end” in the direction of “Honor and Dishonor”

Introduction (intro):

Of course, each person understands differently This statement. Dishonor - This a negative human trait characterized by meanness, deceit, betrayal, deceit. Honor, on the contrary, combines such qualities as loyalty and devotion. Honor always opposes dishonor; in all centuries people fight for truth and justice. If You If you stumbled and committed a dishonest act, then, alas, you will no longer be able to possess such qualities as loyalty to your word, nobility, and decency.

A comment: repetitions are one of the most common mistakes. To avoid them, you need to re-read the essay several times and replace words repeated in two adjacent sentences with pronouns, lexical or contextual synonyms (or synonymous expressions). It is also important to ensure that there are no cognate words in adjacent sentences.

"If You stumbled and committed a dishonorable act...” - it is better not to use the pronoun “YOU” when writing an essay. This is only allowed in colloquial speech. Instead of “you” you can write “we”, “people”, “person”, etc.

"If Human stumbled and committed a dishonorable act, then, alas, to him It will no longer be possible to possess such qualities as fidelity to one’s word, nobility, and decency.”

The thesis, of course, corresponds to the topic, but there are two nuances:

The thesis needs to be emphasized, using introductory words that indicate that this is your opinion (“I think”, “it seems to me”, “in my opinion”, “I am sure”, etc.) Writing a thesis is not enough , it is important to convey to the inspector how you came to such a conclusion. In the introductory part, you described the meanings of key concepts, but did not tie this to the thesis in any way. Most likely, you would have failed the first criterion, because... the topic is not disclosed. To correct this, you need to answer the question: “why is someone who has committed a dishonest act dishonest to the end?” You can write your thoughts on this issue before the thesis.

Argument 1:

Reflecting on the topic of “dishonor,” I cannot help but turn to Vasily Bykov’s work “Sotnikov.” This work is about two partisans who were captured. walking (ugly word, try replacing it) for food for their comrades, each of the heroes reacts differently to the upcoming danger. The fisherman is serious, ready for any difficulties, unlike the weak, frail, sick Sotnikov. Having hit to the police, them the paths diverge (speech error, it turns out that the police got into the path). They are about to be interrogated. Sotnikov went first. He was silent and did not tell the investigator anything. Humiliation and torture did not force Sotnikov to betray his homeland, his squad. After which he faced execution. However, Rybak during interrogation acted the opposite(speech error, they don’t say that. The opposite can be something: shore, reaction, behavior. But you can’t behave in the opposite way) to your comrade. He answered the investigator's questions in detail, was polite, and clung to every opportunity to escape. To which the investigator offered to become one of them. The fisherman was glad that there was a chance for freedom. He committed the worst and most dishonest thing. It turned out to be more difficult and painful for the fisherman to stay alive. He understood that he had made huge mistakes by killing his friend and going over to the wrong side, thereby losing his honor and gaining dishonor forever.

A comment: the argument is unconvincing. It is clear that Rybak committed a dishonorable act, but why did he become dishonored forever? How is it shown?

Thus, this argument does not support the thesis.

Argument 2:

Valentin Rasputin’s work “Live and Remember” can also be cited as proof. This work is about Andrei Guskov, who, along with the entire male part of the village, was sent to war. He fought well and fulfilled all his duties conscientiously. At the end of the war, Andrei, having been wounded, ends up in the hospital. Guskov wanted to return at least for a while home, at least for one day. He was sure that he would be sent from the hospital home, but that did not happen. And now Andrei returns home ahead of schedule, returns not as a hero, but as a deserter. Desertion is betrayal. Nastena, Andrei's wife, can't parts husband(?), but she tried, helped as much as she could. Her strength is Love and faith, but because of her love for a bad person, she herself suffers. Andrei did not want to live further, he saw no point in further life and the only way out was death. Andrei Guskov’s act serves as an example of a dishonest act.

Honor and dishonor.

Each of us has encountered people of honor. People who can selflessly help a person. Such people can come to the aid of even a stranger without demanding anything in return. But there is also a dark side of honor, one that gains strength day by day. Dishonor is a negative quality of a person, which is expressed in meanness, deceit, deceit and betrayal. Dishonest people value only their ego; they help others for their own benefit. Can such people be trusted? Can you rely on them in difficult times? Of course not.

Today we understand that dishonor is growing, gaining momentum, while destroying the moral values ​​of a person. Nowadays it is difficult to find a person who will help, understand and console.

“Take care of your honor from a young age,” this is exactly the epigraph of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter.” The concept of honor became central to the work. Honor is decency, the moral purity of heroes, such as Pyotr Grinev, his parents, the entire family of Captain Mironov; This is military honor, loyalty to the oath, this, by and large, is love for the Motherland. The story contrasts Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin. Both are young, of the noble class, officers, but how different they are in character and moral principles. Grinev is a man of honor, whether it concerns his relationship with Masha Mironova, or his loyalty to the oath, perseverance to the end during the Pugachev rebellion. Without honor and conscience Alexey Shvabrin. He is rude to Masha, it costs him nothing to go over to the rebels, violating the officer’s honor. Captain Mironov, commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, evokes deep sympathy. He did not lose his dignity, remained faithful to his oath, and did not bend his knee to Pugachev. In the Grinev family, the concept of honor was the basis of the character of Father Petrusha. Despite the fact that Peter, like all children, loved to play pranks, the main thing was brought up in him - human dignity, decency, and this is honor. The hero shows it by returning the gambling debt and not being humiliated by betrayal, as Shvabrin did.

Let us turn to the work “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. The writer touches on one of the most important problems facing man - the problem of honor. How to protect the honor of yourself and your loved ones, no matter what, how to remain human in any situation?

The action takes place in the distant sixteenth century, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, when the guardsmen could commit outrages, knowing that they would not be punished by the tsar. Kiribeevich is shown as such a guardsman, who, without thinking about the fate of the woman, Alena Dmitrievna, puts her in a terrible position. The neighbors see him trying to caress her, a married woman, which in those years was considered the greatest sin. Shame on an innocent woman. Her husband, the merchant Kalashnikov, is outraged and challenges the guardsman to open battle. Defending the honor of his wife and family, he went to the duel, realizing that he would not have mercy from the king in any case. And here a duel is played out between truth, honor and dishonor. Because of a man devoid of morality, the noble Kalashnikov dies, his children are left without a father, and a young innocent girl is left a widow. So Kiribeevich ruined the life not only of himself, but also of the woman he loved. And all because of this, that a person who does not have spiritual values ​​will never be able to comprehend true love, which leads to good deeds, in which honor remains pure and innocent. This work teaches a lot: that you always need to defend the honor of your family and loved ones, and not to offend anyone.

In conclusion, I would like to call people to conscience. To what has always been the concept of honor. Honor is one of the highest moral qualities of a person. It is formed from childhood. After all, the foundations of human dignity are a long and thorny path from selfishness to the establishment of moral principles. From person to person, from generation to generation, the basics of honor, etiquette and human dignity have been passed on, and only the person himself chooses which moral ideals to choose as a guide in this life. So let us not be dishonest people, let us not become like those who have already been swallowed up by their own ego, selfishness and selfishness. After all, the manifestation of honor is a feat not only for oneself, but also for the whole world!

Dubrovny Egor

It is better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.

Honor... What is it? Honor is the moral qualities of a person, his principles worthy of respect and pride, this is a high spiritual force that can keep a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. Without honor a person has no real life. It is better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.

Classics of world fiction have created many works that tell about heroes who have different attitudes to the concept of honor and dignity. Thus, in the prose poem “The Counterfeit Coin” by Charles Baudelaire, the meanness of man and the choice of dishonor are shown. The main character gives a poor man a counterfeit coin, not thinking that this unfortunate man might be arrested. An arrest was the least that could be done; he could have been flogged, beaten, or even simply killed. This poor fellow's life is already not so good, but it will become even worse. The man who gave this coin committed a dishonorable act; he chose wealth instead of honor, although one coin would not have made him poor. The author wants to convey to us the idea that it is unforgivable to be evil, and even worse - to do evil out of stupidity. This is the most dishonest thing! Even the kindest deed can conceal great meanness in its depths.

In Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls,” the main character Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov serves as a vivid example of dishonor. Throughout the poem he deceives people for his own benefit. Pavel Ivanovich wanted to get rich by buying up “dead souls.” These were documents for the ownership of peasants who died but were considered alive. Chichikov buys up “dead souls” in order to deceive the entire society. Pavel Ivanovich did not think about people, he blatantly lied to them and did everything for himself. Looking at these two examples, we see that more often people choose wealth. But I believe that it is better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.

“Honor is like a precious stone: the slightest spot takes away its shine and takes away all its value,” Edmond Pierre Beauchaine once said. Yes, this is indeed true. And everyone, sooner or later, will have to decide how to live - with honor or without it.

Cheboltasov Igor

Where do dishonest people come from?

Dishonor is a negative quality of a person, which is expressed in meanness, deceit, deceit and betrayal. It entails shame, destruction of oneself as an individual. Even in the most difficult moment, a person must continue to follow an honest path, without doubting for a second. From birth, parents raise their children to be honest, so where do dishonest people come from?

It seems that different answers can be given to this question, but I believe that dishonor is, first of all, a lack of respect for oneself and others. Therefore, it is very important that we understand that the main values ​​in life are honor and conscience. But, unfortunately, not everyone understands this and chooses the wrong path. By committing any deception, we are approaching dishonor. And with each subsequent betrayal we become dishonest.

The theme of dishonor is touched upon in the story “The Captain's Daughter” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. In this work, two heroes are contrasted: Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin. You can judge a person by his actions in difficult times. For the heroes, the test was the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev, where Shvabrin showed his dishonor. He saves his life by deception. We see him on the side of the rebels, while whispering something in Pugachev’s ear. Grinev is ready to share the fate of Captain Mironov and stand for his Motherland.

Let us turn to Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”. The main character Anatol Kuragin is an irresponsible and hypocritical person. He does not think about the consequences of his actions, does not think about the future and does not pay attention to the opinions of others. Kuragin's dishonor is his desire to marry Marya Bolkonskaya because of her wealth. It shows how the hero, for his own good and his own benefit, is ready for any dishonorable act. The author wants to convey to us that a dishonest person is ready to commit a vile act for his own benefit.

Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude that dishonor means the loss of one’s moral character. Having acted dishonestly once, a person cannot stop, becoming a traitor and a liar. We often meet dishonest people these days, but we would like there to be as many honest people as possible.

Evstropova Victoria

Final essay on the topic: “What qualities should a person of honor have? "

What qualities should a person of honor have? Of course, he must be decent, honest, true to his word. He also needs to have courage to defend his honor in difficult situations. He must have the fortitude to face danger, perhaps even death, with dignity. A man of honor is characterized by altruism, a willingness, if necessary, to sacrifice himself in the name of higher values. Such a person is ready to stand up not only for himself, but also for others. Let us illustrate this with examples.

Here is Sotnikov, the hero of the story of the same name by V. Bykov. Having been captured, he courageously endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed the next morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the hero’s thoughts: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his situation, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went on reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is the commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest have nothing to do with it.” It is significant that before his death the partisan thinks not about himself, but about saving others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero faces death courageously, not for a minute does the thought of begging the enemy for mercy or becoming a traitor occur to him. We see that the hero is characterized by such qualities as loyalty to duty and the Fatherland, courage, and willingness to sacrifice oneself. This hero can rightfully be called a man of honor.

Such is Pyotr Grinev, the hero of A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter.” The author talks about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his hero made: Pyotr Grinev showed courage, was ready to die, but not to disgrace the honor of his uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign and refused to betray his military oath: “No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” With all directness, Grinev answered Pugachev that he might begin to fight against him, fulfilling his officer’s duty: “You yourself know, it’s not my will: if they tell me to go against you, I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. What will it be like if I refuse to serve when my service is needed? The hero understands that honesty may cost him his life, but the sense of duty and honor prevails in him over fear. It was the hero’s sincerity and courage, honesty and directness that helped him get out of a difficult situation with dignity. His words struck Pugachev so much that he saved Grinev’s life and released him.

We know that in another situation Grinev was ready to sacrifice his life defending the honor of another person - Masha Mironova. He fought a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, having been rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to insult the girl with vile hints. Grinev could not stand this. As a decent man, he went out to fight and was ready to die, but to defend the good name of the girl.

We see that Pushkin's hero is characterized by the best human qualities: courage and courage, loyalty to duty and honesty, directness, willingness to stand up for others. He is an excellent example of a man of honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that there will be as many such people as possible.

Final essay on the topic: “How can you get out of a difficult situation with honor? "

Life often puts us in difficult conditions, and it is very important to be able to get out of a difficult situation, maintaining your dignity and without tarnishing your honor. How to do it? It seems that there cannot be a ready-made recipe for all occasions. The main thing is to always remember what is most important. And the most important thing is loyalty to duty and your given word, decency, self-esteem and respect for other people, honesty and directness. A moral compass will always point you to the right path.

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. The author talks about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his hero made: Pyotr Grinev showed courage, was ready to die, but not to disgrace the honor of his uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign and refused to betray his military oath: “No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” With all directness, Grinev answered Pugachev that he might begin to fight against him, fulfilling his officer’s duty: “You yourself know, it’s not my will: if they tell me to go against you, I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. What will it be like if I refuse to serve when my service is needed? The hero understands that honesty may cost him his life, but the sense of duty and honor prevails in him over fear. It was the hero’s sincerity and courage, honesty and directness that helped him get out of a difficult situation with dignity. His words struck Pugachev so much that he saved Grinev’s life and released him.

As another example, we can cite the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, was captured. They were going to shoot him for carelessly spoken words. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-willed person would have done just that. But the hero was ready to defend the soldier’s honor in the face of death. When commandant Müller offered to drink German weapons to the victory, he refused. Sokolov behaved confidently and calmly and refused the snack, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explained his behavior this way: “I wanted to show them, the damned ones, that although I am perishing from hunger, I am not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride, and that they did not turn me into a beast, like no matter how hard they tried." Sokolov’s act aroused respect for him even among his enemy. The German commandant recognized the moral victory of the Soviet soldier and spared his life. We see that self-esteem, courage, and straightforwardness helped this hero get out of a difficult situation with honor.

Thus, we can conclude: in difficult circumstances, one should remember moral guidelines. They will be the ones who will show the way out of their darkness to the light.

Final essay on the topic: “When does the choice between honor and dishonor arise? "

When does the choice between honor and dishonor arise? In my opinion, a person may face such a choice under a variety of circumstances. For example, in wartime, a soldier comes face to face with death. He can die with dignity, remaining faithful to duty and without tarnishing military honor. At the same time, he can try to save his life by taking the path of betrayal.

Let us turn to V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov”. We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, withstands cruel torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains his self-esteem and before execution, he accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to escape at all costs. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even participated in the execution of Sotnikov, personally knocking out the stand from under his feet. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people appear. Honor here is fidelity to duty, and dishonor is synonymous with cowardice and betrayal.

The choice between honor and dishonor arises not only during war. Anyone, even a child, may have to pass a test of moral strength. To preserve honor means to try to protect your dignity and pride; to experience dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, afraid to fight back.

V. Aksyonov talks about this in his story “Breakfasts in 1943.” The narrator regularly became a victim of stronger classmates, who regularly took away not only his breakfasts, but also any other things they liked: “He took it away from me. He selected everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class.” The hero not only felt sorry for what was lost, the constant humiliation and awareness of his own weakness were unbearable. He decided to stand up for himself and resist. And although physically he could not defeat three over-aged hooligans, moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only his breakfast, but also his honor, to overcome his fear became an important milestone in his growing up, the formation of his personality. The writer brings us to the conclusion: we must be able to defend our honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that, when faced with a choice between honor and dishonor, we will remember honor and dignity, we will be able to overcome mental weakness, and will not allow ourselves to fall morally.

Final essay on the topic: “What can lead a person to a dishonest act? "

What can lead a person to commit a dishonest act? It seems that the answers to this complex question may be different. In my opinion, one of the reasons for a dishonest act may be selfishness, when a person puts his own interests and desires first and is not ready to sacrifice them. His “I” turns out to be more important than generally accepted moral principles. Let's look at a few examples.

Thus, in “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” M.Yu. Lermontov tells about Kiribeevich, the guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. He liked Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeevich still allowed himself to solicit her love, moreover, in public. He did not think about the shame he would bring on a decent woman and her entire family. For him, above honor, there was passion, the desire to possess the object of his love. His selfish aspirations ultimately led to tragedy: not only the guardsman himself died, but also the merchant Kalashnikov, Alena Dmitrievna became a widow, and her children became orphans. We see that it is selfishness that forces a person to neglect moral principles and leads him to a dishonorable act.

Let's look at another example. V. Bykov’s work “Sotnikov” describes the behavior of the partisan Rybak, who was captured. Sitting in the basement, all he could think about was saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended or indignant; on the contrary, he “felt keenly and joyfully - he will live! The opportunity to live has appeared - this is the main thing. Everything else will come later.” An inner voice told Rybak that he had embarked on the path of dishonor. And then he tried to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - isn’t this enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, as long as they don’t kill them or torture them during interrogations.” The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. So he agreed to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continued to convince himself that “there is no great guilt behind him.” In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated to survive. But he is not a traitor...” And so Rybak took part in Sotnikov’s execution. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak tried to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is this him? He just pulled out this stump. And then on the orders of the police.” We see that a man became a traitor to the Motherland, the executioner of his comrade for one reason: he put his own life above duty and honor. In other words, cowardice and selfishness push a person to the most terrible actions.

In conclusion, I would like to express the hope that in a situation where our selfish motives are on one side of the scale, and moral principles, duty, honor are on the other, we will be able to make the right choice and will not commit dishonorable acts.

Final essay on the topic: “What act can be called dishonorable?”

What action can be called dishonorable? In my opinion, this can be called the act of a person who behaves vilely, tries to discredit someone, slander him. As an example, we can cite an episode from the work of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", which tells the story of a conversation between Shvabrin and Grinev about Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, in retaliation slanders her and allows himself offensive hints addressed to her. He claims that one should not win Masha’s favor with verses, he hints at her availability: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender poems, give her a pair of earrings...

Why do you have such an opinion about her? - I asked, barely containing my indignation.
“And because,” he answered with a hellish grin, “I know her character and customs from experience.”

Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the girl’s honor just because she did not reciprocate his feelings. It is precisely this kind of action that is undoubtedly dishonorable.

Sometimes it happens that a physically strong person takes advantage of his superiority, humiliating and offending the weaker. For example, in A. Likhanov’s story “Clean Pebbles,” a character named Savvatey keeps the entire school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating young children who cannot stand up for themselves. The bully regularly robs students and mocks them: “Sometimes he would snatch a textbook or notebook from his bag instead of a bun and throw it into a snowdrift or take it for himself so that, after walking away a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots on them.” His favorite technique was to run a “dirty, sweaty paw” across the victim’s face. He constantly humiliates even his “sixes”: “Savvatey looked at the guy angrily, took him by the nose and pulled him down hard,” he “stood next to Sashka, leaning on his head.” By encroaching on the honor and dignity of other people, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that people will avoid dishonorable acts, adhering to high moral principles.

Final essay on the topic: “Do you agree with the Latin proverb: “It is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor”?”

Do you agree with the Latin proverb: “It is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor”? Reflecting on this question, one can come to the conclusion: honor is above everything, even life. It is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor, for the one who gave his life in the name of high moral values ​​will always be worthy of respect, and the one who chose the path of dishonor will be doomed to the contempt of others and will not be able to live calmly and happily. Let's look at a literary example.

Thus, V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov” talks about two partisans who were captured. One of them, Sotnikov, bravely withstood the torture, but did not tell the enemies anything. Knowing that he would be executed the next morning, he prepared to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the hero’s thoughts: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his situation, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went on reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is the commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest have nothing to do with it.” It is significant that before his death the partisan was not thinking about himself, but about saving others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero chose to die with honor rather than become a traitor. His act is an example of courage and true heroism.

Sotnikov’s comrade, Rybak, behaved completely differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, all he could think about was saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended or indignant; on the contrary, he “felt keenly and joyfully - he will live! The opportunity to live has appeared - this is the main thing. Everything else will come later.” Of course, he did not want to become a traitor: “He had no intention of giving them partisan secrets, much less joining the police, although he understood that it would obviously not be easy to evade them.” He hoped that “he would turn out and then he would certainly settle accounts with these bastards...”. An inner voice told Rybak that he had embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tried to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - isn’t this enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, as long as they don’t kill him or torture him during interrogations. If only he could break out of this cage, he wouldn’t allow himself anything bad. Is he an enemy to his own? Faced with a choice, he was not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.

The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. So he agreed to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continued to convince himself that “there is no great guilt behind him.” In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, I had no intention of becoming a German servant. He kept waiting to seize the right moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they would see him. »

And so Rybak took part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak tried to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is this him? He just pulled out this stump. And then on the orders of the police.” And only while walking in the ranks of policemen did Rybak finally understand: “There was no longer a road to escape from this ranks.” V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor that Rybak chose is a path to nowhere. There is no future for this person anymore.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that, when faced with a difficult choice, we will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.

Today there are more than 2 billion gamers in the world, but this market continues to grow every day. Almost half of all players (45%) are women, but the most alarming thing is that these figures also include a significant number of children and teenagers.

For some, the game becomes not just life, but also a completely profitable business. Progaming is a job that requires regular training to maintain and develop your skills. But few manage to turn a hobby into a profession, so the vast majority play solely for pleasure.

Games and diseases

In the summer of 2014, the results of a large-scale study conducted by specialists from the University of Oxford with the participation of 5 thousand adolescents aged 10 to 14 years were published. It turned out that only 25% of them did not play games every day. Among the rest, groups were identified that played for less than an hour a day, from one to three hours a day, and for more than three hours.

It was further learned that children who played for less than an hour every day had a more positive view of the world compared to those who did not play at all. On the contrary, teenagers who played for more than three hours were less satisfied with their lives and had emotional and behavioral problems.

But still, scientists are in no hurry to make loud statements, since they admit that the study was based on the responses of the adolescents themselves, which means there is a certain amount of subjectivity in it.

Against the backdrop of these data, others were published regarding video game TV. It turned out that more than three hours of screen time seriously increases the risk of developing diabetes. Scientists came to this conclusion after examining almost 4.5 thousand children of different sexes aged 9-10 years. After studying the health status of volunteers and conducting a survey on the amount of video games in their lives, experts concluded that the more time a child spends in front of a screen, the more fat tissue in his body and the higher his insulin resistance. But here we cannot speak unequivocally about the dangers of video games specifically; most likely, it has to do with a sedentary lifestyle in general.

When talking about video games, many often bring up the connection with hostility and antisocial behavior. Back in the early 2000s, researchers noted that games significantly increase aggression among children and adolescents. Today, the evidence is different - there is no clearly identified connection between time spent playing games and emotional or mental problems in children.

Well, of course, if the game begins to gradually crowd out all other interests, then there is no need to talk about its benefits. But here the responsibility lies entirely with the parents. They have the power to diversify the life of their children and show its versatility beyond the TV or computer screen.

Boundaries of reality

At the same time, it cannot be denied that video games to some extent blur the boundaries between the virtual and real world and sometimes force players to solve their problems exclusively through gaming methods. There was even a study done on this topic that proved that avid gamers actually carry over certain techniques into real life. Many of the players (from 15 to 21 years old) said that they felt as if in life they could press a button and change the course of events in an instant. The extent to which the game penetrates into real life also depends on the time a person spends on the computer. But in the most advanced cases, the game completely replaces what is happening around a person.

Some also admitted that they deliberately transfer some “chips” from the game, this helps them in communicating with people who move in the same field. At the same time, when it came to real violence or causing harm, all survey participants were unanimous - they would never be able to transfer violence into real life, even if they imagine a similar scenario in their heads. It cannot be said that absolutely all emotional reactions and states of players are provoked solely by games. In addition, some of the volunteers' comments (for example, about the magic button) could simply be part of their fantasies, and not evidence of altered thinking. In general, we can say that although research in this area answers certain questions, it leaves behind many new ones that still need to be addressed.

How to help a gambling addict

You can suspect real gambling addiction in an adult or child based on the so-called “red flags.” First: a strong desire to play games always and everywhere. Second: violation of control and blurring of the boundaries between the beginning of the game and its duration. Third: the game crowds out all other hobbies, including communication with friends. Fourth: people continue to play, even when a conflict situation arises around it. If you notice such manifestations and they last for more than a year, you can safely talk about the diagnosis of gaming disorder in a person.

If we are talking about a child, it is worth trying to analyze with him the reasons that led to this state of affairs. Perhaps these are problems at school, difficulties in communicating with peers, or misunderstanding on the part of parents. Aggressive games are often used as a method to relieve tension, then it is worth looking for alternative methods. In such a situation, it’s a good idea to develop clear rules with your child regarding the place and time of play and try to follow them.

With adults it's a little more complicated. It is important to understand whether more dangerous mental conditions are hidden behind gambling addiction, and only a psychotherapist can help with this. If the diagnosis is confirmed, he will have to be treated. The range of methods is quite wide (from family counseling to daily horseback riding), and a specialist can advise the right one only after communicating with the patient. Moreover, most often the most effective are non-drug methods; medications, in particular antidepressants, are prescribed only in extreme cases.

Age crises: how to emerge victorious from them

Transitional age

The connection between this or that crisis and age in general is quite conditional, but one of the brightest and most noticeable periods occurs between 14 and 19 years. This is the same transitional age, which is associated with a huge number of social, psychological and physiological changes in the body. Puberty turns a teenager's life into continuous swings of emotions, and sometimes it is not so easy to deal with this. Among other things, it is at this time that growing children first begin to think about their immediate future and the time when they will have to grow up. There is no need to go far; even choosing a future profession and place of study at the age of 16-17 is an impossible task for many.

Adolescence is, in fact, the first adult crisis in a person’s life. And if in childhood a crisis is the complete destruction of the old and the construction of a new one, then in adults it is always some kind of choice and conflict of contradictions that no one will solve for you.

Children today spend most of their time in the school system and this makes the decision-making process even more difficult for them. Social pressure, endless instructions from your parents and the feeling that your own feelings and experiences are of no interest to anyone. As sad as it is, sometimes such situations lead to the most disastrous consequences.

But hormones and overwhelming emotions prevent teenagers from accepting reality and soberly understanding what is happening, otherwise they would easily accept the normality of what is happening and finally stop worrying about trifles. As a rule, during this period, young people often give up their usual hobbies and look for new ones, strive to isolate themselves from their parents and show their independence.

This kind of identity crisis is not just a lack of understanding of what to become when you grow up. Partly this is the full formation of personality and its assessment. And the point here is not only in the future profession, many face serious problems in accepting their body, which is rapidly changing. At the same time, you are searching for yourself in society and among the people around you. And here, for a growing child, a loving and understanding family that will accept him as he is is very important.

Quarter life crisis

This crisis is often complained about between the ages of 20 and 30. Some find themselves at a crossroads after graduating from university, others are torn between starting a career and personal life. And many do not want to live on their own at all, because they feel good next to mom and dad, who easily solve all problems. In recent years, the time of entry into adulthood has noticeably shifted, and this has led to the fact that the previously known “crisis of 30 years” has imperceptibly decreased to 25, but this is still a very relative age.

To all this is often added the nervousness that has appeared against the backdrop of the widespread spread of social networks. It always seems to us that something is wrong with us, because if you believe the world of Instagram and Facebook, things are going much better with friends and peers. If you are familiar with this situation, remind yourself that any person’s account is precisely a selection of the best of the best, and in some cases, this best is also contrived or exaggerated many times over. Just try not to compare yourself with others, rather try to focus on achieving your own goals.

This crisis cannot be viewed as destructive, since, on the contrary, it opens the way for personal growth and allows you to rebuild your life according to your own ideals, and not those that were imposed from the outside.

The most common advice on how to survive this crisis most often comes down to Zen practices. Firstly, learn to plan and don’t try to do everything, secondly, accept the inevitability of mistakes, and thirdly, figure out what you are really interested in and what you would like to do in life. To some extent, this crisis is even useful, because it helps to put thoughts in order and finally make changes in life.

Middle age crisis

Unlike the previous crisis, which is based on fear of the future, this one, on the contrary, is associated with the past. One day a man wakes up and finds himself terrified as everything he has suddenly loses all meaning. It seems that the work of your whole life is boring and dull, love is a thing of the past, and the children have completely forgotten about you in the flow of their own affairs. It is this age that is often associated with a craving for expensive and meaningless purchases, affairs with younger partners, divorces and other attempts to regain long-gone youth.

A midlife crisis applies to people between the ages of 40 and 60, when a rethinking of everything that happened to a person before occurs. But it is not so easy to describe this crisis unambiguously. It can occur differently in different people, as well as occur at different age intervals. And if for some these thoughts become pleasant memories, for others they become a direct gateway to depression.

If the first two crises can be safely called periods of growth and change, then this is a classic crisis in the psychological sense. It brings with it negativity, depression, devaluation of oneself and one’s life, and serious thoughts about death. And the most important thing here is to try to extract something useful and productive for yourself from the current situation.

But there are also things that almost everyone experiences during this period. There is a strong sense of disappointment and a clear sense of mortality. In addition, age also manifests itself from a physiological point of view - more and more diseases develop, women begin menopause (something similar happens in the male body and is called andropause).

The most important thing in this crisis is not to miss its transition into depression; in this case, you cannot do without the help of a psychologist. In all other cases, the most important advice is to accept the changes that have come and learn to live in the proposed circumstances.

What is learned helplessness?

A similar syndrome was first described in 1967 after several experiments on animals and humans. It has been proven that learned helplessness can increase depression and anxiety. When a person realizes that he cannot change anything around him, he loses motivation. And even if a chance arises, the person still does not take any action. Against the background of such behavior, the risk of depression inevitably increases.

Psychologist Martin Seligman, who is often credited with coining the term “learned helplessness,” described in detail three features of this condition:

• The person is passive in the face of trauma
• The person does not understand that reaction can control trauma
• A person's stress level increases significantly

To prove their theory, psychologists conducted a study on dogs, during which they were subjected to a series of electric shocks. The experiment showed that dogs that couldn't control the situation ended up showing signs of anxiety and depression, but those that could press the lever did not.

In people, acquired helplessness manifests itself in the fact that they cannot adapt to difficult life situations. Usually they just accept that something bad will happen and do not try to influence it. And even if a potential solution to a problem flashes on the horizon, the person will not use it.

One of the most striking examples of acquired helplessness is smoking. A person makes several attempts, then loses faith in himself and stops trying altogether.

Sometimes acquired helplessness is formed in childhood. When parents do not satisfy the child's need for help, he begins to think that he is unable to change the situation in any way. And if such events occur regularly, then the developed helplessness will continue into adulthood.

The most common signs of acquired helplessness in children: low motivation and self-esteem, low expectations, the child never asks for help, and is sure that he will never be able to achieve success.

The most important factors for combating acquired helplessness in children are proper attachment to parents, a sense of humor and independence.

It is much more difficult for an adult to overcome acquired helplessness. The most effective approach in this regard is cognitive behavioral therapy. In its course, people learn to receive attention and support, find ways to avoid helplessness, identify behaviors that reinforce it, increase self-esteem, and set realistic goals and objectives.