A play for children about musical instruments. Tales about musicians and music

Shock family

The musician entered the house with a large box and took out a bell, spoons with bells, rattles, a bell and a drum. He put them on the table and said:

Tomorrow is my son's birthday and you will all come in handy.

Night fell, and suddenly rattles began to crackle in the silence:

Fuck-fuck-fuck. I wonder which of us the birthday boy will choose?

The drumsticks jumped up and beat out a short roll on the drum.

Tram-there-there! What kind of instrument is this - ratchets?! Wooden planks attached to a cord. There is a lot of cod, but no music. Of course the boy will choose the drum. He will be able to march and dance to my fight.

Ding-thump, ding-thump, - the bell rang with small metal plates attached to its round rim.

From you, drum, there is only a beat, and when they knock on me with a palm, the chime of cymbals is added to the beat. I'm best suited for dancing.

Ding-dong! - the bell rang. - And I can ring cheerfully.

Tra-ta-ta, ding-ding-ding, - the spoons entered into the conversation. - You are mistaken if you think that spoons are not musical instruments. We are made from the most musical maple tree and can click very loudly, and the tinkling of bells decorates our music.

Don’t make noise, kids, give me and my master the drummer a rest,” the huge drum standing in the corner hummed angrily.

The musical instruments fell silent and fell asleep. They woke up from cheerful laughter and stomping. Children came to visit the boy. Their hands quickly took apart various musical instruments, and the fun began.

Fuck-fuck-fuck - the rattles were crackling.

Tram-there-there! - drumsticks beat.

Ding-thump, ding-thump, - the bell rejoiced.

Ding-dong! - the bell rang.

Tra-ta-ta, ding-ding-ding, - the spoons were talking.

Then the boy's father entered. He took his big drum and drumsticks, and loud drumming flew into the general fun.

Brothers, we all from the same family of percussion instruments, and we don’t need to argue,” the drum thundered.

Questions and tasks

Divide the children into groups and give each group one percussion instrument. Each group must use their musical instrument to come up with a funny message to the other children and play it. Children guess what this or that melody is talking about.

What sound of a percussion musical instrument from a fairy tale do you like the most and why?

How are percussion instruments different from string instruments?

Who do you think is the oldest and, conversely, the youngest in the family of percussion musical instruments?

Draw the percussion musical instruments from the fairy tale in the form of cheerful little men.

If the musical instruments from a fairy tale asked you to settle their dispute, what would you tell them?

Come up with your own funny names for different percussion musical instruments.

The Tale of Musical Instruments

A musical-themed conversation was held with the participation of music school students.

Every day, guys, you and I hear different sounds. But when we come to a concert, we hear musical sounds that are particularly beautiful and melodious.
Today young musicians have come to visit you to go with you on a journey to the Land of Musical Instruments, are you ready to hear?.. Let’s close our eyes. I say the magic words: “Tili-tili, tili, bom. Let's open our album."

The first city we came to is the City Keyboard musical instruments. Pianos and grand pianos live in this city
They called them keyboards because they have keys. When you press a key, a hammer strikes a special string inside the instrument.
The piano is used to perform music in large concert halls.

He stands on three legs
Legs in black boots
White teeth, pedal
And his name is (ROYAL)

But the instrument that is played in class and at home
...there has been one name for a long time,
Don't forget - piano - it's pronounced
Forte means loud. Learn it, don't be lazy
And piano means quiet. You're a friend, remember
If you washed your hands under the tap, go to the piano

Accordion

And on this instrument - on one side there are buttons, and on the other -
the keys are like on a piano.

But for them all to play,
So that the song is not bad,
The furs need to be stretched.

Signor accordion sounds,
He has a temperament that is not timid
The sounds are melodious, loud,
They are solemn and beautiful

played by Eliseeva Melania

Let's go to the next city - this is the cityStringed musical instruments. In this city live instruments that have strings. But they have different sounds.

Violin
In the symphony orchestra
Her voice is the most important
The most tender and melodious,
As long as you draw the bow smoothly.
Trembling, high voice
We will find out without error.
Name it guys
magical tool... VIOLIN.

This young performer
I am familiar with musical notation.
And along gentle thin strings
He moves with a small bow.

Balalaika
And here is the next tool asking you its riddle:

I don’t dare boast about myself,
I only have three strings!
But I work hard, I'm not lazy.
I'm mischievous... BALALAYKA.

The balalaika player is coming,
carries a balalaika
Three strings will ring,
Everyone around will be cheered up

Guitar .

This string instrument
Will sound at any moment
And on stage in the best hall
And on a camping trip

Six-string alien
Romantic Spanish girl
This sonorous instrument
They love the bard, the soldier, the student,
And Honored Artist,
And a loaded tourist.

Played by Polina Basova.

Bandura

And now an instrument will sound that has more than 60 strings, and each string is fraught with a magical sound. This instrument is a bandura and is called the “silver strings of Ukraine.”

Next city – City Wind musical instruments. In this city live: trumpet, flute, clarinet, saxophone. Why do you think these musical instruments were called wind instruments? (Because you need to blow into them). And the air makes these instruments sound.

Pipe

Trumpet is a wind instrument,
Copper, so shiny.
To play a cheerful melody,
You have to blow into it and press the buttons.

Played by Nurmukhamedov Ramil.

Vocal ensemble

In ancient times, people did not know how to sing because they did not know how to rejoice. “Heaven, teach people to rejoice,” the Earth once asked. And then a beautiful rainbow appeared in the sky, and its seven multi-colored arcs turned into seven multi-colored notes. The notes wove into funny songs and flew around the Earth. The birds were the first to pick up the songs. And then people learned to sing.

Together with the song you can be happy, you can be sad, or you can learn something new

There is one school here,
You can always hear music in it.
They learn to play with a bow there,
Write notes in notebooks.

The choir is singing there, the orchestra is playing.
There's someone there sometimes strumming,
And sometimes there is a creak,
And the false notes are in a noisy system.

They study magic there -
It doesn't come easy
But the fairy of music flies
And he helps everyone in their studies.

So our journey through the Land of Musical Instruments has come to an end.

Did you like it in the Land of Music? Do you want to be not only guests, but also residents of this country?
Then you need to study music, try to learn more about it, learn to play a musical instrument. To do this you need to be very patient, persistent, persistent.
Come to study at a music school and you will learn a lot of interesting things about music. Goodbye, see you again!

Magic musical instruments in the tales of the people of the world

Project manager: Tittel S.V.

teacher MBOU Secondary School No. 12, Pushkino

Goals and objectives: 1 Get acquainted with ancient folk instruments found in the texts of fairy tales of the peoples of the world; 2 Get acquainted with the sound of folk instruments; 3 Prepare an electronic version for presentations to primary schoolchildren

Russian folktale "Sadko"

How Sadko started playing

The goosebumps are spring-fed,

How the king began to dance

marine in the blue sea.

How the king of the sea danced

Russian folk instrument gusli

The gusli is an ancient Russian plucked string musical instrument. The word "harp" is characteristic of Slavic dialects

Karelian folk tale « Matti is a funny guy »

Matti stopped playing the kantele. The bear took a breath and said: - Hey, guy! Teach me to play the kantele! “You can,” says Matti the merry fellow. “Why not teach?” He put the kantele into the bear's paws. And the bear has thick paws, he hits the strings - oh, how badly he plays! “No,” says Matti, “you play poorly!”

Karelian musical instrument kantele

Kantele is a Karelian and Finnish plucked string instrument similar to a harp. Ancient kantele had five gut strings, modern ones are equipped with metal strings and their number reaches thirty-four. When playing, the kantele is held on the knees in a horizontal or slightly inclined position and the strings are plucked with the fingers of both hands.

Kantele

Many peoples of the world have instruments related to the kantele, but, perhaps, only the Karelians and Finns poetize and animate it so much.

Georgian folk tale "Chongurist"

A young man walks, plays his chonguri and sings a gentle song. The garden froze, the trees stopped rustling their leaves. The mountains and valleys listen to the song. Birds soaring in the sky descended on the trees to listen to the song of Chongurist

Georgian folk instrument Chonguri

Georgian 4-string plucked musical

tool. A traditional female instrument, but now also played by men; serves mainly to accompany singing and dancing, less often used as a solo

Ashanti folk tale (west Africa) « Osebo drum »

Once upon a time, the leopard Osebo had a large drum, which was admired by both animals and gods. Everyone admired it, but no one even dared to think about taking possession of this drum, because Osebo was the strongest of the animals on earth and everyone was afraid of him.

Belarusian fairy tale "Magic pipe"

Ivanka’s pipe plays, teaches people, and rouses them to a great battle. Only the tickle goes and walks from village to village, from edge to edge. And the pipe whistles, the pipe plays, the tickle walks far around the world, gathering people. There is no way to catch him or shoot him with cannons. He makes his way everywhere, knows no barriers

Belarusian folk instrument pipe-piston

Belarusian folk wind instrument. It became widespread in Western Belarus. It is a cylindrical wooden tube with a whistle device, into which a piston with a handle is inserted. Sound production is carried out by supplying a stream of air and rhythmic, pumping movements of the piston, which determine the pitch of the sound

Czech folk tale "Gonza and Violin"

“I would like another violin,” said Gonza, “but not a simple one, but one that, if you played it, everyone would start dancing... “Three,” said the old man, and on Gonza’s left shoulder there was already a scarlet violin hanging cord.

And Gonza still plays the violin when people want to have fun and dance.

Czech folk instrument violin dyndy

The violin is a bowed stringed musical instrument. It is of folk origin, acquired its modern appearance in the 16th century, and became widespread in the 17th century. Bowed instruments have been known for a very long time. In ancient Greece there was no bow yet.

It can be considered that the birthplace of bowed instruments was India first centuries AD. From India, bowed instruments came to the Persians, Arabs, and peoples of North Africa, and from there they came to Europe in the eighth century. Presumably the immediate predecessor of the violin was the so-called Lira da Braccio , originating from ancient viol

Mongolian folk tale "Damdin the musician"

Damdin left his father, disappeared for three years, and returned for the fourth: The father asks:

What did you learn? Tell me.

“I learned to play the morinkhur,” Damdin answers. The father got angry:

Other fathers' sons know how to forge iron, they can ride horses, but you only play the morinhur! What is the use of such a skill?

Damdin replied:

Whoever listens to my playing, life becomes easier for him, his heart beats more cheerfully.

Mongolian folk instrument morinkhur

Morinkhur, or Mongolian violin, is a bowed string musical instrument, a traditional instrument of the Mongols. The top of the instrument is carved in the shape of a horse's head. That is why the instrument got its name

Indian folk tale "Gutila the Musician"

Guttila broke one string, continuing to play on six. The broken end of the string sounded like divine music. Musila also broke the string, but it did not make any sound. Then the teacher broke the second string, then the third, and so on until the last, seventh string. And when he played on one tree, the sounds of his guilt spread throughout Benares

Indian folk instrument veena

Veena is an ancient Indian plucked string musical instrument. It is called Saraswati Vina, named after Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge and arts. It is shaped like a lute. The sound of the wine is soft, rich in nuances. Vina is a concert instrument that is also used as an accompaniment to vocal music and classical dance.

Latvian folk fairy tale "Magic Stabule"

The old man took pity on the orphan, thought and took out a stabule pipe from his bag. “I can’t give you anything else,” he says, “only this stabule. Maybe you’ll need it someday. As soon as you play it, everyone who hears it will start jumping.” The old man gave it to an orphan in Istanbul and immediately disappeared. The guy took the stabule and played it. As soon as he started playing, all the sheep and cows started jumping

Latvian folk instrument stabule

Pipes were known already in the 2nd millennium BC. This is a wind instrument. Pipes were made from wood or bone. Has five to six music holes and a drilled core

Burmese folk tale « The Adventures of Musician Cha Tan Pho »

A long time ago, in a village there lived a widow. She had a son named Cha Tan Pho. He was already 16 years old, but he was not friends with anyone, and all day long he played the palwe - the Burmese flute, so much so that everyone who listened to him play forgot about everything in the world, even about food and drink. Not only people, but also forest animals listened to his play

Burmese folk instrument

Flute is a common name for a number of instruments from the woodwind group. It is one of the most ancient musical instruments in origin. Unlike other wind instruments, the flute produces sounds by cutting the air stream against the edge, instead of using a reed

Serbian folk tale « The Trojan king has goat ears"

The elderberry grew and gave three red shoots, straight as an arrow. The shepherds cut off one rod and made a pipe out of it. But as soon as they started playing it, she began to sing: “Tsar Troyan has goat ears!”

Serbian folk instrument Frula

Since ancient times, Montenegrins have been making musical instruments with which they could reproduce the beautiful sounds of nature: birdsong, the murmur of a spring, mountain echoes, the rustling of leaves. One of the favorite musical instruments of local residents is the frula, a Montenegrin pipe whose sound resembles the trills of a nightingale. Listening to the unique range of frula melodies, your heart is filled with peace and joy

Japanese folk tale « Flutist Santa"

There lived a young man named Santa. No one in all of Japan could play the flute better than him. A cheerful song will play and everyone will start dancing.

Japanese folk instrument Ryuteki

Ryuteki ("dragon flute") is a bamboo Japanese transverse flute with seven playing holes. The sound of the ryuteki depicts dragons flying in the heavenly light, being watched by people

Kazakh folk tale « Master Ali"

But old Ali did not sleep. He brought thin boards and dry horse sinews and began to make something with a knife. The next morning the servants were awakened by gentle music. They jumped up and saw the old shepherd. Ali sat with his legs crossed and held in his hands a musical instrument they had never seen before. Thin strings were stretched across it. Ali fingered them, and the instrument sang in his hands as if alive.

Kazakh musical instrument dombra

Dombra is a Kazakh folk two-stringed musical instrument. It is used as an accompanying and solo instrument, as well as the main instrument in Kazakh folk music. Used by modern performers

Eskimo folk tale « Wonderful tambourine »

The woman took a tambourine, knocked on it, and began to sing. And she sang so well that the girl remembered every sound, every movement.

And the girl went to the middle of the yaranga, took a tambourine and began to sing. And as she began to sing, a noise was heard outside. Getting closer and closer. Soon the waves splashed at the entrance and water gushed into the canopy. Then the girl began to beat the tambourine faster, the waves rolled back, and - lo and behold! – there is a lot of tasty algae left in the canopy

Eskimo musical instrument tambourine

A tambourine is a musical percussion instrument in the form of a narrow round wooden shell with a leather membrane stretched on one side. Sometimes bells and bells are hung inside the shell, and rattling metal plates are inserted into the slots in the walls. The stick used to beat the tambourine is made of bamboo or bone from the leg of a small animal

Guinean folk tale « Gassira bark »

And then one night at a rest stop, Gassir sat alone by the fire and seemed to listen. Finally sleep overcame him too. Suddenly he woke up and jumped to his feet. He heard music, and this music seemed to sound inside him. Gassir trembled: it was the bark that sang! The heart of the brave warrior trembled, and he cried for the first time. Gassir realized that all his exploits were temporary, and only music could rise above life and death. So Gassir became a great singer

Guinean folk instrument kora

The kora is a 21-string plucked musical instrument common in West Africa. In structure and sound, the kora is close to the lute and harp. Traditionally, strings were made from thin strips of antelope or other animal skin. Nowadays strings are made from nylon fishing line or harp strings are used. Sometimes these strings are woven to make them thicker

Chinese folk tale « Musician Wen"

Great Xiang asked: “How is your qin playing?” Wen replied: “I have realized it. I ask you to check me.” It was spring then, but Wen touched the strings of Autumn. Suddenly, a cold wind rose and the growth of trees and grasses ended. Autumn has come. Wen touched the string of Spring, and a warm wind swirled, the trees and grass began to bloom. Spring has come, but Wen touched the string of Winter. It snowed and frost fell, rivers and reservoirs suddenly froze. Winter came. Then Wen touched the string of Summer. The heat of the bright sun immediately melted the strong ice

Chinese folk instrument qin

The Qin or Chinese zither is one of the most ancient Chinese plucked instruments. Almost all representatives of the upper classes and nobility in Ancient China knew how to play the qing. This instrument has also been called the "father of national music" and the "instrument of the sages." The instrument is used for accompanying, solo and orchestral performances. They mostly perform calm, smooth melodies

Uzbek folk tale « Young man with karnai"

The young man took the karnai and went from village to village,

Playing at holidays and celebrations

Uzbek folk instrument karnai

Karnai is one of the oldest Uzbek musical instruments, but few people remember that in the Middle Ages it was a military signal instrument. . The length of this wind instrument without valves or vents can reach up to three meters. In the present tense, Karnai is used throughout Uzbekistan as a herald of celebration and entertainment, accompanying people and circus shows, horses participating in races and other sports games.

The project was prepared under the guidance of music teacher S.V. Tittel. Borisenko Ekaterina, Zhiltsova Maria, Tittel Edgar MBOU Secondary School No. 12, Pushkino Thank you for your attention!

She accompanies him all his life, starting with his mother’s lullabies. Music arose a long time ago - who does not know Orpheus, who descended into the underworld for his beloved and so captivated Hades and Persephone with his singing and playing the lyre that they released Eurydice to earth? The plot from the myths of Ancient Greece, which is already several thousand years old, only says that music, like musicians, has existed since time immemorial, as well as epics and fairy tales about music.

Keepers of History

In ancient times, musicians, at least truly talented ones, were as legendary personalities as epic heroes. Stories about them were passed on from mouth to mouth, forming tales and legends. And thanks to the song creators themselves, such as the well-known Boyan, who is narrated in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” the names of heroes from those ancient times have come down to us. After all, musicians often accompanied heroes on their campaigns in order to delight their ears in moments of calm, raise their morale before attacks, and then capture their exploits in their songs.

Russian epics about musicians

Tales about music and musicians arose, as has been said, a very long time ago. The above-mentioned Orpheus, as well as the golden-haired lyre player Apollo, as well as the god Pan, who played the pipe, are heroes of the myths of Ancient Greece, which existed three thousand years BC. Our folklore tells about later times - the end of the 11th - beginning of the 12th centuries. Russian epics and fairy tales about music tell, for example, about Sadko, the legendary Novgorod merchant, traveler and guslar.

Legendary Sadko

Based on these epics, the Soviet folklorist writer A. N. Nechaev wrote a wonderful story, the meaning of which, like the epic itself, is to state the fact that the wonderful art of the singer and guslar Sadko turned out to be stronger than power and wealth. According to the plot of this tale, the poor guslar fell in love with Vodyanoy, the owner of Lake Ilmen, for his singing and playing, and he made Sadko rich and noble. There are other stories about this character, but in all of them, because of the playing of the guslar, he starts dancing so violently that a storm arises on the sea-ocean, and ships begin to sink. The magical power of music works all sorts of miracles.

The first songbooks of Rus'

Thanks to epics, we know the names of the instruments used by ancient musicians and buffoons. These include domra, spoons and pipes, balalaika, bells and zhaleika, gusli, rattle and bagpipes, as well as button accordion, box and Bylinas tell about the first Russian musicians, the most famous of whom were Boyan, Sadko and buffoons. The time of origin and existence of these works of folk art is the 11th-12th centuries, the Middle Ages. Boyan glorifies Yaroslav the Wise; Sadko lived during the heyday of Veliky Novgorod and the decline in the role of Kyiv, that is, almost in the same period. The most ancient Russian musicians and buffoon songwriters, bearers of synthetic art, from which not only music arose, but theater and circus, are mentioned in The Tale of Bygone Years. It also talks about the hatred of the church towards them, under whose pressure and insistence they ceased to exist in the 17th century.

The Brothers Grimm about music and musicians

In world literature, tales about music and musicians occupy a special place. The most famous foreign work in our country is the fairy tale “The Town Musicians of Bremen” by the brothers Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm. This is not even fame, but popular love. It arose thanks to the animated film of the same name and its sequel, which were released on the country's screens in 1969 and 1973, respectively.

The German fairy tale tells about essentially the same buffoons moving from city to city and amusing the audience not only with singing, but also with circus acts, dances, and theatrical sketches. These famous German storytellers penned several more sketches about music and musicians: “The Eccentric Musician” (a fairy tale also known as “The Extraordinary Musician” or “The Wonderful Musician”) and “The Singing Bone” - a sad story about the gullibility and insecurity of goodness, about black envy and betrayal, but also about inevitable retribution.

Musical tales of H. H. Andersen

The fairy tale about music “The Nightingale” by the most revered author in this genre, Hans Christian Andersen, is world famous. This long and philosophical tale tells about imaginary and true values. The main characters are the Chinese emperor and the nightingale, who was expelled from the palace as soon as a parcel with a golden artificial bird arrived from Japan, but returned and drove away Death, who came for the emperor, with his singing. The meaning of the work is that live music, in which there is a soul, cannot be replaced by anything, even the most skillful mechanics. There is also a fairy tale about music, “The Bell,” which tells about the search for an unknown bell, the sounds of which “grab straight to the heart.”

Magic pipe

Every nation has its own fairy tales and stories about music. Examples include the Belarusian fairy tale “Musician-Sorcerer”, or the Karelian “Matti the Merry Man”, or the Kazakh fairy tale “Master Ali”, which tells about the emergence of the national. Famous and often reproduced stories include the medieval church legend about a simple “dudar”, who saves the city from hordes of rats. This plot is mentioned both in Selma Lagerlöf’s beloved fairy tale “The Wonderful Journey of Nils...” and in the wonderful poem by Robert Browning “The Flutist from Gammeln”, known in the translation by S. Ya. Marshak.

Russian fairy tales about music

And there are simply countless fairy tales, stories, poems and poems dedicated to music and created by Russian authors. Among the classical works, besides “Sadko”, one can name “Gusli-Samoguda” or “The Shepherd’s Pipe”. A wonderful fairy tale about the music “Gusli-samoguda”, arranged by A. N. Afanasyev, tells about Ivan, who became a king thanks to the magic harp. Another Ivanushka from “The Magic Pipe” punished the greedy owners who did not want to pay him money for a job well done, which a miraculous musical instrument helped him do.

Russian classics about music

Stories about music, musicians and their instruments were written by many famous Russian writers - Leo Tolstoy (“The Heart of a Musician”), A. P. Chekhov (“Double Bass and Flute”), K. G. Paustovsky (“The Old Cook” (about Mozart) , “Musical Canary”, “Basket with Fir Cones” (about Grieg)), V. V. Bianchi (“Who sings with what?”). The story “The Blind Musician” by V. G. Korolenko, published in 1886, tells about the limitless power of music, which can make a boy blind from birth a happy and full-fledged member of society. There are several wonderful stories about music by the Russian writer Evgeny Permyak: “For all the colors of the rainbow”, “The Shepherd and the Violin”, “A Thin String” and “The Happy Trumpet”.

Modern tales about music

The fairy tale on the theme of music has not died, but continues to live in our time, because it is best to introduce children to the world of music in a more familiar and accessible form. An example is the wonderful modern work of this genre about musical instruments “As if it weren’t so.” Or a fairy tale about the music of the wonderful children's writer V. A. Levshin “The Little Sorceress”. It’s definitely worth introducing your children to the works of these writers. And modern children's writer Tatyana Domarenok writes wonderful fairy tales about music for kids. Here are some of them: “Holy Music”, “Musical Key”, “Divine Violin” and many others. A wonderful work dedicated to the topic we are considering was written by the Soviet writer Semyon Garin (“Singing Friends”). One cannot ignore the wonderful tales about music that V. Sukhomlinsky wrote. These are “Music of Spring Meadows”, and “Child of the Sun”, and “Forest Twilight”, and “Grasshopper-Musician”, and others.

Little-known fairy tales of the peoples of the world

Now on the Internet there are many interesting collections of modern fairy tales about music, notes, instruments and everything, everything, everything that relates to the world of music. Some little-known folk tales of the peoples of the world about music are also listed there. For example, "The Magic Harp". This Burmese folk tale tells the story of the unfortunate orphan Maung Sita and how he healed the queen with his music. The Algerian folk tale “The Wonderful Lute” also talks about the saving power of music. The Altai fairy tale “Little Rystu” tells the story of a boy who transforms the sounds of nature into beautiful music. He was happy free and almost died at the khan's. The same sounds of nature saved him from death.

Fairytale box

The most comprehensive information on this topic and, probably, all the fairy tales and poems about music existing in the world are collected in the wonderful book “The Magic World of Music.” It lists all the authors - both domestic and foreign - who have ever written something about this type of art. Among the most beautiful fairy tales, I would like to especially highlight the following: “The Chongurist” (Georgia), “McCrimmons’ Silver Pipe” (Scotland), “The Bird Embroiderer” (Greece), “The Queen of the Mountains” and “The Sokolov Guitar” (gypsy legends). Although, of course, all the fairy tales, legends, songs and legends of the peoples of the world about music deserve attention.

BALALAIKA

The balalaika is considered to be the personification of Russian culture.
The name “balalaika”, or, as it was also called, “balabaika”, comes from the consonant Russian words balakat, balabonit, balabolit, balagurit, which means to chat, empty ring. These concepts convey the essence of the balalaika - a playful, light, “strumming” instrument, not very serious.
According to one version, the balalaika was invented by peasants. Gradually it spread among buffoons traveling around the country. Buffoons performed at fairs, entertained people, and earned their living. Such fun, in the opinion of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, interfered with work, and he issued a decree in which he ordered all instruments (domras, balalaikas, horns, harps, etc.) to be collected and burned. But time passed, the king died, the balalaika began to sound again throughout the country. The balalaika is a plucked string instrument. This is a type of lute, one of the main musical instruments of the 16th–17th centuries. The ancient balalaika did not always have a triangular shape. It could be oval or semicircular, and had two and sometimes four strings. The modern balalaika was created in 1880 by masters Paserbsky and Nalimov, commissioned by the founder of the first folk instrument orchestra and a remarkable balalaika player, Andreev. The instruments made by Nalimov remain the best sounding to this day.
The group of balalaikas in the orchestra of musical instruments has five varieties: prima, second, viola, bass and double bass. They differ in size and sound timbre. The leader of the group is the prima, who most often performs solo. They play it by clanking - making single strikes on the strings with the index finger, tremolo - by quickly alternating strikes on the strings down and up, and pizzicato - by plucking the strings. The largest of the balalaikas, the double bass, has a height of 1.7 m.
The balalaika is a common musical instrument that is studied in academic music schools.
PUZZLES
And only three strings
She needs it for music.
The game makes everyone happy!
Oh, it's ringing, it's ringing,
Who is she? Guess it...
This is our... (balalaika).
Three strings, and what a sound!
With shimmer, alive.
I recognize him the moment -
The most Russian instrument.
(Balalaika)

DRUM

What's the easiest way to get sound without using your voice? That's right - hit something with something at hand.
The history of percussion instruments goes back centuries. Primitive man beat out rhythm using stones, animal bones, wooden blocks and clay jugs. In Ancient Egypt, they knocked (played with one hand) on special wooden boards at festivals in honor of the goddess of music, Hathor. Funeral rites and prayers against disasters were accompanied by blows on the sistrum, a rattle-type instrument in the form of a frame with metal rods. In Ancient Greece, the crotalon or rattle was common; it was used to accompany dances at various festivals dedicated to the god of wine.
In Africa, there are “talking” drums that serve to transmit information over long distances using the language of rhythm and imitation of traditional tone speech. There, as well as in Latin America, rattles are currently common to accompany folk dances. Bells and cymbals are also percussion instruments. A modern drum has a cylindrical wooden body (less often metal), covered on both sides with leather. You can play the drum with your hands, sticks or mallets covered with felt or cork. Drums come in different sizes (the largest reach 90 cm in diameter) and are used by musicians depending on what sound they want to “knock out” - low or higher.
The bass drum in the orchestra is necessary to emphasize important places in the work - the strong beats of the measure. This is a low sounding instrument. They can imitate thunder, imitate cannon shots. It is played using a foot pedal.
The snare drum comes from military military and signal drums. Inside, under the skin of the snare drum, metal strings are stretched (4–10 in a concert drum, up to 18 in a jazz drum). When playing, the strings vibrate and a specific crackling sound occurs. It is played with wooden sticks or a metal whisk. It is used in orchestras for rhythm purposes. The snare drum is an invariable participant in marches and parades.
PUZZLES
It's easy to go hiking with me,
It's fun with me on the way,
And I'm a screamer, and I'm a brawler,
I am ringing, round... (drum).
Inside is empty
And the voice is thick.
He himself is silent,
And they beat him and he grumbles...
(Drum)

GUITAR

One of the most popular and widespread instruments in the world is the guitar. Ancient people pulled two or three strings onto a bow and used them to produce different sounds. Then they began to attach a hollow resonator to the bow. It was made from different materials: dried pumpkin, turtle shell, and hollowed out from a piece of wood. This is how the class of plucked string instruments appeared.
The name "guitar" comes from the merger of two words: the Sanskrit "sangita", which means music, and the ancient Persian "tar" - string.
The guitar is one of the few instruments on which sound is produced directly with the fingers. Sometimes they play not with their fingers, but with a plate - a mediator. This makes the sound clearer and more sonorous. The main way to control the pitch of the sound when playing the guitar is to change the length of the vibrating part of the string. The guitarist presses the string against the fingerboard, causing the working part of the string to shorten and increasing the tone produced by the string.
The guitar did not acquire its appearance immediately. Masters experimented with the size and shape of the body, neck fastening, and so on. In the 19th century Spanish guitar maker Antonio Torres gave the guitar a modern shape and size. Guitars designed by Torres are today called classical. The body resembles a voluminous figure eight, in which there is a hole decorated with ornaments. There are six strings attached to the headstock.
A variety of guitar with seven strings is called Russian (sometimes gypsy). Nowadays it is used mainly in the performance of romances. On the professional stage, the seven-string guitar is used very rarely.
Another type of guitar is a twelve-string guitar with six double strings. It is distinguished by richness and volume of sound.
In the 30s of the 20th century, when sound reinforcement technology began to develop, electric guitars appeared.
The basis of the guitar playing technique was laid by brilliant performers: the Spaniards - Fernando Sor and Dionisio Aguado; Italians - Matteo Carcassi and Mauro Giuliani.
The guitar is an accessible musical instrument. People often take it with them on hikes and sing songs to it around the fire. The reason for this is the simple technique of playing the guitar: you just need to know a few chords and you can play different melodies. However, to perform classically beautiful works you need to study for a long time.
MYSTERY
This string instrument
It will ring at any moment -
And on stage in the best hall,
And on a camping trip.
(Guitar)