home-Suits-Literary works about trips to other countries. Jack Kerouac "On the Road"

Literary works about trips to other countries. Jack Kerouac "On the Road"

Cecil Forester: Midshipman Hornblower

Young Horatio Hornblower was very unlucky. A midshipman with no experience ended up in salty society sea ​​wolves. At seventeen, the young officer was too serious, but timid by nature and did not easily get along with people. A monstrous despotism reigned on the ship, which immediately reminded Hornblower of classic looks degenerate Roman emperors. More and more often the young man began to think about death, and even more often about escape. He had no idea what an extraordinary fate the ocean was preparing for him.

Bogdan Sushinsky: Captain Scott's Pole

Action novel famous writer Bogdan Sushinsky is dedicated to a majestic and tragic event in the history of civilization - the campaign in 1911-1912. English polar explorer Captain Robert Scott to the South Pole of the Earth. The ascent to the polar summit of the planet turned into not only a disastrous struggle with natural conditions Antarctica, but also in no less destructive competition for the laurels of the discoverer.

Henry Haggard: King Solomon's Mines. The Adventures of Allan Quartermain. Benita

The mysterious treasures of King Solomon... They say these diamonds are cursed and bring only misfortune. Many searched for them, but no one came back - like Sir Henry's brother, who disappeared without a trace in an unknown direction. In search of him and in the hope of getting rich, three desperate daredevils set off to the Kukuana Country, lost in the heart of Africa...

Oleg Ryaskov: Notes of the forwarder of the Secret Chancellery. Adventures of a Russian princess in the New World

Events take place after the death of Peter the Great. Naval officer Semyon Plakhov, accused of murdering a fiscal official, unexpectedly gets a chance to escape if he fulfills one mysterious order. Together with the forwarder of the secret chancellery Ivan Samoilov, the magician Van Hoover, the young poisoner Fekla and the pupil Liza, Plakhov goes to London and the New World.

Curwood, Kipling, Rousselet: Grizzly

In the north of Canada, in a harsh and deserted region, the orphaned bear cub Muskwa meets the huge wounded bear Tyra. Incredible adventures and discoveries await them, but touching friendship will help them overcome all dangers! And the collection also included adventure stories and stories by various authors: “Wolf Hunters” (J. Curwood), “The Adventures of the Young Rajah” (W. Kingston), “The Snake Charmer” (Rousselet), “Coral Island” (Ballantyne), “ Little Toomai” (Kipling).

James Cooper: The Last of the Mohicans, or a Narrative of 1757

The novel tells the story of the struggle and death of the Indians North America under the onslaught of modern civilization. The main character of the novel is the hunter and tracker Natty Bumppo. Stern and fair, brave and noble, Bumpo is one of Cooper's most beloved heroes.

Robert Stilmark: Heir from Calcutta

The events of the novel develop rapidly. Courageous and noble heroes enter into a daring battle with vile villains, seductive women, thrown by fate into a stormy whirlpool of events, overcome tragic circumstances. Readers can expect earthquakes and storms, fights with predators and deadly poisons...

Wilbur Smith: Those in Danger

Oil. They kill and die for it. The daughter of Hazel Bannock, a woman who runs a giant oil corporation, has been kidnapped. The criminals demand that a controlling stake be transferred to them as a ransom. Is there any confidence that, having received what they want, the bandits will release the girl? The police are unable to help. Intelligence services too. And then Hazel decides to seek help from a very dangerous people. Officially, they are employees of a security company, but in reality they are real “soldiers of fortune.”

Reed Mine: White Chief

Myne Reid's books attracted and continue to attract people with their romance. This is the romance of the struggle for a just cause, the romance of feat in the name of a high idea, the romance of courageously overcoming the obstacles that people and nature put in the path of a brave hero. The style of narration is also romantic, rich in colorful descriptions, intense dialogues...

Bogdan Sushinsky: Rommel's Gold

By order of Field Marshal Rommel, in 1943, the Nazis removed treasures from Africa, but they failed to deliver them to their intended destination, and the convoy was forced to scuttle them off the coast of Corsica. The novel takes place in the post-war years, when a real “gold rush” began around the disappeared treasures. The search operation involves saboteurs - the former “Fuhrer's agent on special assignments” Otto Skorzeny and the leader of the Italian combat swimmers Valerio Borghese.

Mikhail Churkin: Through the taiga to the ocean

On April 4, 1918, two Japanese employees of a commercial company were killed in Vladivostok. The next day, without waiting for the case to be investigated, the Japanese landed troops in the city under the pretext of protecting Japanese citizens. Many years of foreign intervention in the Far East began. Japan cherished the hope of capturing all of Primorye and Eastern Siberia up to Lake Baikal. But the Far Eastern Republic and its People's Revolutionary Army stood in the way of the interventionists.

James Curwood: Ramblers of the North

The best adventure novels of the famous American naturalist writer and traveler James Oliver Curwood are dedicated to animals and harsh nature Northern Canada and Alaska, which the author loved very much. Under the cover of thisbookscollected five amazing stories about incredible friendship, loyalty and courage: “Ramblers of the North“, “Kazan”, “Son of Kazan”, “Golden Loop”, “Valley of Silent Ghosts”.

Emilio Salgari: Black Corsair. Treasure of the Blue Mountains

The vile Spaniards killed the brave brothers of the Black Corsair, and now only revenge will bring him peace. To defeat a powerful enemy, he must team up with the legendary pirates of the Caribbean - Francois Olonnet and Henry Morgan himself. The shipwrecked captain Fernando de Belgrano miraculously survived. Once captured, he managed to win their trust and become the leader of the tribe. Years later, he sent his children a letter in which he pointed out the path to the treasure...

Paul Sussman: The Vanished Oasis

The sister of the famous mountaineer Freya Hannen, the famous Egyptologist and former intelligence agent Alex, is dead. The police have no reason to consider the incident a murder. But the Bedouin who gives Freya a bag with mysterious cards and photographic films, transparently hints: her sister was killed. And danger threatens anyone who takes possession of these materials. At first, Freya simply brushes off his words, but soon realizes: he was not lying.

Robert Stevenson: Kidnapped. Catriona

The duology “Kidnapped” and “Catriona” tells the story of extraordinary adventures young Scottish nobleman David Balfour. Battles on land and sea, bloody battles and chases, conspiracies and rebellions, love adventures, described consummate master intrigues by Robert Louis Stevenson will not leave the reader indifferent... The publication reproduces a complete set of 80 illustrations by Louis Reed and William Hole.

Henri Charrière: The Moth

AuthorIn this story, Henri Charrière, nicknamed the Moth (Papillon), at twenty-five years old, was accused of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. But then the most fantastic of his adventures began. At hard labor in French Guiana, he went through incredible trials, more than once coming close to death. The survival instinct and an indomitable desire for freedom helped him eventually be released.

Arthur Doyle: The exploits of Brigadier Gerard. The Adventures of Brigadier Gerard

The cavalry officer Gerard is an adventurer and adventurer, of which there were indeed many in the army of Emperor Napoleon, which marched victoriously across Europe. He is frivolous, but noble, loves women, and is equally ready to risk his life for the sake of France, for the sake of the next lady of his heart - or just for the sake of thrills. Together with this charming Frenchman, the reader will experience many dizzying adventures - sometimes funny, and sometimes deadly...

Gilles Weber: Fanfan-Tulip

The novel introduces the protagonist to the fascinating world of love affairs and military adventures during the time of Louis XV. Fanfan-Tulip is a brave and resourceful Frenchman, defeats the enemies of France, saves his beloved girl and finds his brother.

Henry Haggard: Sacred Flower. Court of the Pharaohs

Together with his partner, the famous adventurer Allan Quartersine goes to the heart of Africa in search of a unique orchid. But the hunt for an orchid is full of dangers - in the native tribe it is considered a Sacred Flower. To get it, you will have to face a fierce faith that only a white man can defeat. One day, in a museum, John Smith saw a statue of the ancient Egyptian queen Ma-Mi. Captivated by her image, he vowed to find the tomb of the one he loved...

Vakhtang Ananyan: Prisoners of the Barsov Gorge

The story tells about schoolchildren who got into trouble in the Caucasus mountains. Finding themselves captive to the elements, they bravely endure the trials. Friendship, mutual support and fortitude help them overcome difficulties, and sometimes even mortal danger.

Robert Stevenson: The Adventures of Prince Florizel

Stevenson can be called one of the outstanding masters of adventure and genres. His works are full of all kinds of conspiracies, duels, kidnappings, murders, sensational revelations, secrets and other adventurous events. These are the two famous novelistic cycles of the classic of English prose Stevenson - “The Suicide Club” and “Raja's Diamond”, united by the eccentric figure of Prince Florizel of Bohemia.

Wilbur Smith: Blue Horizon

Young Courtney sets out to conquer a rebellious continent. But, at first sight, falling in love with a captive of Dutch sailors, he risks his life for the sake of the girl’s freedom. Now Jim is alone against the whole continent, which is fraught with a lot of dangers. Now he and his beloved face seemingly inevitable death. But Jim Courtney is not afraid of danger. He is ready for a lot, and if he has to, he will risk his own life!

Albert Piñol: Pandora in the Congo

London, 1914. Marcus Harvey is accused of murdering two English aristocrats, with whom he went in search of gold and diamonds in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa, in the Congo. Aspiring writer Thomas Thomson, commissioned by Harvey's lawyer, is working on a book designed to restore the truth and save the alleged murderer from the gallows. But the book tells not only the story of an expedition that cost the lives of many people, but also an absolutely incredible love story.

Olga Kryuchkova: Captain of the Marauders

Descriptions of travel have been known since time immemorial. These were stories about unknown lands and peoples, about the adventures and dangers that befell the traveler. So, for example, the son of the Venetian merchant Marco Polo in his “Book” (1298) told Europeans about his travels to the East, about his life in China, and the Russian merchant from Tver Afanasy Nikitin in “Walking across the Three Seas” - about the strange India of the 15th century . Nowadays, T. Heyerdahl's Voyage to Kon-Tiki has opened to modern humanity the ancient culture of Easter Island, and “The Road to Space” by Yu. A. Gagarin made it possible to see the globe from the orbit of a spaceship.

The roots of many literary journeys should be sought in mythology and folklore, where the hero’s journey becomes the most important test for him.

Literary journey many faces. It appears and how special genre(for example, “Odyssey” by Homer, ancient Russian “walkings”), and as a type of poem, essay, novel (“Who Lives Well in Russia” by N. A. Nekrasov, “Journey to Arzrum” by A. S. Pushkin, “The Adventures of Huckleberry” Finn" by M. Twain), and as an integral part of the work ("Onegin's Journey" in Pushkin's novel). Most often, travel becomes the compositional basis of a literary work, as it gives the author complete freedom to unfold and connect events.

One of the oldest mythological and folklore stories is a journey to the kingdom of the dead: Orpheus is looking for the deceased Eurydice there, Ivan Tsarevich is looking for the abducted Vasilisa the Wise, in the Babylonian epic Gilgamesh goes to the underworld in search of human immortality, the hero of the Kalevala Väinämöinen steals the Sampo mill of happiness and abundance in another world. In ancient and medieval literature such a journey becomes the plot and compositional basis of great works - “The Aeneid” by Virgil (1st century BC) and “ Divine Comedy» Dante (1307–1321). It also turned out to be fruitful for literature. folklore tradition a fun carnival journey through the underworld, which is given in the fourth book of the famous French novel of the Renaissance “Gargantua and Pantagruel” by F. Rabelais.

An important role in the history of literary travel was played by the transfer of the reader’s attention from the external plane to the internal one - to the feelings and experiences of the traveling hero. At the origins of this turn lies “Sentimental Journey through France and Italy” in English writer XVIII V. L. Stern, which gave rise to a whole literature of sentimental travel, for which the travel route was no longer significant: one could travel without leaving one’s room, by the will of one’s imagination and with the help of a geographical map. Sentimental travels at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. become the object of parody, which indicates the flourishing and popularity of the genre: for example, the untitled “My Cousin's Journey into Pockets” (1803) describes the contents of pockets. One witty person counted 506 reasons for wandering at this time.

In Russian literature of the late 18th century. the experience of a sentimental journey was included in a transformed form in the “Letters of a Russian Traveler” by N. M. Karamzin with their deep thoughts about the place of Russia in European history and culture. It was also reflected in the outstanding monument to Russian artistic journalism- “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” by revolutionary writer A. N. Radishchev, who painted terrible pictures of Russian reality and openly opposed autocracy and serfdom.

Romantic writers of the 19th century cultivate a form of lyrical journey, the theme of the “spiritual wandering” of the romantic hero (a typical example is “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage” by J. Byron). Travel for romantics with their cult of freedom is a manifestation of the simplest of human rights - the right to movement, as opposed to prisonerhood. It is no coincidence that the favorite motive romantic poem becomes an escape from captivity (“The Robber Brothers” by A. S. Pushkin, “Mtsyri” by M. Yu. Lermontov).

It is difficult to overestimate the place of travel in the history of the formation and development of the novel genre. The motive of wandering becomes the organizing idea of ​​the novel, one of the leading ways of testing and revealing the character of the hero (from Apuleius’s “The Golden Ass” to Ch. Aitmatov’s “The Scaffold”).

IN psychological novel travel embodies the idea spiritual search, especially important for the so-called novel of education (“The Years of Wanderings of Wilhelm Meister” by J. W. Goethe). The hero's journey in the novel has another metaphorical meaning - it acts as a school of life. The journeys and trials of a novel hero usually embody the essence of his life path, his fate (“The Story of Tom Jones, Foundling” by G. Fielding, the hero’s movement from the provinces to the capital in the novels of Stendhal and O. de Balzac). It is also possible to replace movement in space with time travel. This type of literary journey is most actively developed by science fiction writers (“The Time Machine” by H. G. Wells, “A Sound of Thunder” by R. Bradbury, etc.).

Travel is an ever-living, never-frozen literary phenomenon. Almost every famous literary journey sooner or later becomes the object of parody. Rabelais parodies Dante, Cervantes parodies a knight's journey, Stern parodies the journeys of enlightenment writers, and "The Wanderer" by A. F. Veltman is a sentimental journey. A literary traveler is free to choose any method of transportation - from an old raft (Huck Finn) to a cannonball (Baron Munchausen).

A characteristic metaphor has emerged: reading is a journey. The reader seems to be traveling with the hero, going through the school of life with him.

Travel is a genre that allows you to include letters and a diary in the narrative, sentimental story and autobiography, love story and moral sermon, freely alternating them, as if imitating the natural, unorganized flow of life itself. This freedom of the genre, which practically knows no boundaries, lies in its attractiveness for literature, ancient and modern.

  • “A journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step.” (Lao Tzu)
  • “When I contemplate the wonders of a sunset or the grace of the sea, my soul bows in awe of the Creator.” (Mahatma Gandhi)
  • “Travel is the only thing you buy that makes you richer” (author unknown)
  • “The world is a book. And whoever has not traveled along it has read only one page of it.” (St. Augustine)
  • “Once a year, go somewhere you’ve never been.” (Dalai Lama)
  • "Don't tell me what you know, tell me how far you've been." (Prophet Muhammad)
  • “To reach the goal, a person needs only one thing - to go.” (Honore de Balzac)
  • “It's the journey, not the destination that matters.” (From the movie “Step Up 3-D”)
  • “It is not necessary to live. Traveling is necessary.” (William Burroughs).
  • “No wind is fair if you don’t know where you’re sailing.” (Robert Benchley)
  • “A leg that can walk is worth a thousand others.” (Sinhala proverb).
  • “It doesn’t matter what exactly you do, it is important that everything you touch changes shape, becomes different from what it was before, so that a part of you remains in it. This is the difference between a person who simply cuts the grass on his lawn and a real gardener. The first one will pass, and it will no longer exist, but the gardener will live for more than one generation.” (Ray Bradbury "Fahrenheit 451")
  • “We know a person not by what he knows, but by what he rejoices in.” (Rabindranath Tagore)
  • “It’s better to travel all the time, but never reach your destination.” (Buddha)
  • “A good path has no clear plan, and this path has no specific purpose." (Lao Tzu)
  • “You are a traveler. Don’t say: I have such and such a city, and I have such and such. No one has a city; city ​​- mountain (in heaven); and the present is the way. And we travel every day as nature moves.” (John Chrysostom)
  • “Move, breathe, soar, swim, receive what you give, explore, travel - this is what it means to LIVE.” (Hans Christian Andersen)
  • “The big changes that happen in our lives are, to some extent, a second chance.” (Harrison Ford)
  • “The offer of unexpected journeys is a dance lesson taught by God.” (Kurt Vonnegut. "Cat's Cradle")

About enjoying life

  • “Don’t think about what you’ll say when you get back. Time is here and now. Seize the moment." ( Paulo Coelho. "Aleph")
  • “We enjoy it greatly just in anticipation.” (Claude Adrian Helvetius)
  • "I can handle everything except temptation." (Oscar Wilde)
  • “Being alive is a gift. Being happy is your choice." (Osho)
  • “Life gives a person best case scenario one unique moment, and the secret of happiness is to repeat this moment as often as possible.” (Oscar Wilde)
    • “I love life obscenely.” (Salvador Dali)
    • “If you want to be happy, be it! And don't put anything off until tomorrow. Create your life right now." (Author unknown)
    • "Life is too short to drink bad wine." (Johann Wolfgang Goethe)
    • “No consciousness and no action can compare with the pleasure of sailing on the waves into unknown distances.” (Yukio Mishima. “The Golden Temple”)
    • “Waking up completely alone in an unfamiliar city is one of the most pleasant feelings in the world.” (Freya Stark)
    • “Loving life is easy when you are abroad. Where no one knows you and you are alone, and your whole life is in your hands, you feel like a mistress like never before.” (Hannah Arendt)
    • “One day I was bitten by a travel bug. I didn't take the antidote in time. Now I'm happy." (Michael Palin)
    • “You can lie on the bridge and watch the water flow. Or run, or wander through the swamp in red boots, or curl up in a ball and listen to the rain pattering on the roof. It's very easy to be happy." (Tove Jansson. “All about the Moomins”)
    • “We’re not leaving yet, if that’s what you mean,” answered the first swallow. - We are just busy with plans and preparations. We discuss which way we should fly and where we will stop to rest and so on. That's half the fun." (Kenneth Grahame. “The Wind in the Willows”)
    • “The most enjoyable part of the trip is getting ready. A dog's bark is worse than the dog itself. And a woman is often more beautiful from the back. The sight of me can destroy your dreams." (from the animated film "Spice and Wolf")
  • “My aunt dreams of Paris,” said the professor. “She dreams of drinking coffee from small cups on the left bank of the Seine.
    “Yes, that’s wonderful,” said Clara.
    - No I do not understand! - said the professor. - Why? – How the taste of coffee can change depending on the place where you drink it.
    - But that’s exactly how it is!
    - Let it go! But I haven't experienced this.
    Clara Jorgensen looked at him sympathetically.
    “It’s not about drinking coffee,” she said. – The main thing is the mood.
    -Are you drinking in the mood?
    - Yes. Travel is a sensory experience." (Christine Valla. “Muscat”)

Why do we need travel?

  • “He who does not travel does not know the real value human life" (Moorish proverb)
  • “Knowledge of the countries of the world is the decoration and food of human minds.” (Leonardo da Vinci)
  • “If you pour the contents of your wallet into your head, no one will take it away from you.” (Benjamin Franklin)
  • “When we strive to look for the unknown to us, we become better, more courageous and more active than those who believe that the unknown cannot be found and there is no need to look for it.” (Plato)
  • “Three things make a person happy: love, interesting job and the opportunity to travel." (Ivan Bunin)
  • “The road teaches patience.” (Benjamin Disraeli)
  • “What the hell should we do at home?” (Fyodor Konyukhov)
  • “It’s not my fault if such wonders happen to me that have never happened to anyone else. This is because I love to travel and am always looking for adventure, and you sit at home and see nothing but the four walls of your room.” (Rudolf Erich Raspe. “The Adventures of Baron Munchausen”)
  • “Travel, as the greatest science and serious science, helps us find ourselves again.” (Albert Camus)
  • “Only roads can delay old age. When you drive all the time and go to bed, knowing that the alarm clock will wake you up at night in order to catch a plane that is going God knows where and in general God knows why you are flying on it, then time stands still.” (Yulian Semenov)
  • “They say that travel is the best way to educate yourself in everything: it’s true, it’s definitely true! You will learn so much here.” (Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky)
  • “Increasing knowledge, I consider visiting foreign lands a good deed” (Sebastian Brant. “Ship of Fools”)
  • “This happens to me too. I look at the map and suddenly there is a wild desire to go to God knows where. As far as possible from the conveniences and benefits of civilization. And see with your own eyes what the landscapes are like there and what’s happening in those parts. To fever, to trembling. But you can’t explain to anyone where this desire came from. Curiosity in pure form. Inexplicable inspiration." (Haruki Murakami. “1Q84”)
  • "Curious! Curious! - thought Passepartout, returning to the ship. “I now see that traveling is a magnificent thing, not worthwhile if you want to see something new.” (Jules Verne. “Around the World in Eighty Days”)
  • “When a person wanders, he, without noticing it, experiences a rebirth. Every now and then he finds himself in situations that are new to him, his days are long, and most often a language unknown to him is heard around him. He is like a baby who has just left his mother's womb. And he pays much more attention to what surrounds him, because it determines whether he will survive or not. He becomes more accessible to people, because they can come to his aid in Hard time. And he perceives the fleeting mercy of the gods with jubilation and will remember it until the end of his days. And at the same time, since everything is new to him, he notices only beauty and is happy simply because he lives.” (Paulo Coelho. “The Diary of a Magician”)
  • “First we go on journeys to lose ourselves, and then we go all the way and find ourselves. We embark on travel to open our eyes and hearts, to learn something new, something that is not published in newspapers and textbooks. We travel to bring into the world what little we are capable of, what our knowledge allows us to do. And we travel to slow down time and fall in love like when we were young.” (Pico Iyer)
  • “The most wonderful thing that can happen to a traveler is to stumble upon something he was not looking for.” (Lawrence Block)
  • “Life while traveling is a dream in its purest form.” (Agatha Christie)
  • "Life is motion. As soon as the movement ends, the river of life turns into a swamp.”
  • “Personally, I don’t travel to be somewhere, I travel for the movement and fellow travelers. Movement is the most beautiful thing in life.” (Robert Louis Stevenson)
  • “Of course, travel does not prevent fanaticism. But if a person sees that we all cry, eat, laugh, worry and die, then he will understand that we are all similar to each other, and we can all become friends.” (Maya Angelou)
  • “The road makes a wise man better, and a fool stupider.” (Thomas Fuller)
  • “Travel reveals not so much our curiosity about what we are going to see, but rather our weariness from what we are leaving behind.” (Alphonse Carr)
  • “Travel teaches more than anything else. Sometimes one day spent in other places gives more than ten years of life at home.” (Anatole France)
  • “Travel develops the mind, if, of course, you have one.” (Gilbert Keith Chesterton)
  • “To travel is to discover that everyone is wrong about their countries.” (Aldous Huxley)
  • “In 20 years, you will be more disappointed by the things you didn't do than by the things you did do. So set sail from the quiet pier. Feel the tailwind in your sail. Move forward, act, open up!” (Mark Twain)
  • “Don't compare. Don’t compare anything: neither prices, nor cleanliness, nor quality of life, nor transport. Nothing! You don't travel to prove that you have a better life. Get to know the lives of others and find what you can learn from them.” (Paulo Coelho)
  • “Walking alone with your beloved being in a foreign city, among strangers, is somehow especially pleasant: everything seems beautiful and significant, you wish everyone good, peace and the same happiness that you are filled with.” (Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. “On the Eve”)
  • “For a person who has never traveled, every new place that is in any way different from native land, looks very tempting. Apart from love, travel brings us the most joy and consolation. For some reason, everything new seems very important to us, and the mind, which in essence only reflects the perceptions of our senses, gives in to the influx of impressions. On the way, you can forget your beloved, dispel grief, and drive away the ghost of death. In the simple expression “I’m leaving” lies a whole world of feelings that cannot find an outlet.” (Theodore Dreiser. “Sister Carrie”)
  • “Wandering is the best thing in the world. When you wander, you grow rapidly, and everything you see is reflected even in your appearance. I recognize people who have traveled a lot from thousands. Wanderings purify, intertwine meetings, centuries, books and Love. They make us related to Heaven. If we have received the unproven happiness of being born, then we must at least see the earth.” (K.G. Paustovsky. “Romantics”)
  • Nothing opens your eyes to the world and broadens your horizons like travel.” (Charlize Theron)
  • “One of the benefits of traveling is the opportunity to visit new cities and meet new people.” (Genghis Khan)
  • “Travel is a great salvation from loneliness.” (Michelle Williams)
  • “They say that people who have seen the world are distinguished by ease of manner and do not get lost in any society. But this is not always the case: perhaps traveling across endless Siberia in a dog-drawn sleigh, or long walks on an empty stomach and alone to the heart of black Africa are not the best way acquisition of secular gloss." (Herman Melville. “Moby Dick, or the White Whale”)
  • “I realized that the surest way to find out whether you like a person or not is to go on a trip with him.” (Mark Twain. “Tom Sawyer Abroad”)
  • “Hurry towards Adventure, listen to the call now, before it falls silent. All you need to do is slam the door behind you, joyfully take the first step, and now you are out of old life and entered a new one! And then someday, not very soon, please, go home, if you want, when your cup is drunk and the game is played, sit down near your quiet river and sit in the company of wonderful memories.” (Kenneth Grahame. “The Wind in the Willows”)
  • “For him, there were only two favorite moments left in life: when he approached the big city and when he left it.” (Peter Hoeg. “The Woman and the Monkey”)
  • “I have always believed that travel is best time for memories, especially traveling on water, because water is an image of time. I have never forgotten that I am the son of a photographer, and that my memory only develops film.” (From the film “A Room and a Half or a Sentimental Journey to the Homeland”)
  • “A train ticket raises more expectations than a lottery ticket.” (Paul Morand. “Allure Coco Chanel”)
  • “Salvation is in wanderings.<…>The sign “Fasten your seat belts” lights up, and you are disconnected from your problems. Broken armrests rise above broken hearts." (Alex Garland. “The Beach”)
  • “Away from our native language and loved ones, deprived of all our usual disguises and supports (after all, you don’t even know the price of a tram ticket), we are completely on the surface. But at the same time, feeling out of place, we discover in every object and in every wondrous creature their true magical essence.” (Albert Camus. “Love of Life”)
  • “... I generally like to leave, because without leaving one city it is quite difficult to come to another, and I like coming more than anything else.” (Max Frei. “The Big Cart”)
  • “... everyone believes that in Rus' life is boring with its monotony, and they go abroad from here to have fun, while I affirm and will have the honor to prove to you that life nowhere is so replete with the most sudden diversity as in Russia. At least I am leaving here abroad precisely to calm down from the kaleidoscopic diversity of Russian life and I think that I am not the only specimen of my kind.” (Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov. “Laughter and Grief”)
  • “To change the world, you have to see it.” (From the film “The Missing” (“Traveller”))
  • “Travel helps to understand the beauty of space and the pricelessness of time” (Georgy Alexandrov)
  • “Travelling broadens your horizons and reduces your stupidity.” (Georgy Alexandrov)
  • “It is impossible to value in hard currency the feeling of freedom and timelessness that the mountains give you when you stand on a high spur under a flawless blue April sky and look around.” (Jonathan Coe. "Before the Rain Falls")

Who to travel with?

  • "Only travel with those you love." ( Ernest Hemingway. "A holiday that is always with you")
  • “Every relationship is a journey. And travel is always full of dangers. Therefore, the best thing you can do is to find a companion with whom you are not afraid to travel.” (Richard Paul Evans. "Sunflower")

Who needs travel?

  • “Anywhere in the world I feel at home. For a type like me, the hardest thing to feel at home is at home.” (Henry Miller "Books in My Life")
  • “At times, especially in the fall, he suddenly began to feel sad about some wild places, and strange visions of unfamiliar mountains filled his dreams." (John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. “The Lord of the Rings”)
  • “But, despite everything, travel remains my great and true love. All my life, from my very first trip to Russia at the age of sixteen using the money I saved (sitting with the neighbor’s kids), I knew that I was ready to sacrifice everything for the sake of travel, that I would not regret any money on it. I remained faithful and constancy to this love, unlike my other hobbies. I feel about traveling the same way a happy mother feels about a terrible, colicky, screaming baby - I don’t care what challenges await me. Because I love. Because it’s mine.” (Elizabeth Gilbert. “Eat, Pray, Love”)
  • “To a cheerful person the whole world seems cheerful.” (Johann Wolfgang Goethe)
  • “If you are young, healthy and eager to learn new things, then I implore you - travel. And go as far as possible. Sleep on bare ground if you have to, but be true to the idea. Learn from people about life, learn from them how to cook, how to cook and everything in general, wherever you go.” (Anthony Bordian.)
  • “If you can randomly make your way to your own bed in complete darkness without hurting yourself, then it’s time to travel.” (Boris Krieger)
  • “Traveling is something you should do a real artist(creative personality), because this is real art - a precious stone that the traveler must subsequently process.” (Freya Stark)
  • “Adventure is the journey. True adventure is undertaken by self-determined, driven people. And as a rule, it is always risky. Sometimes you have to “eat straight from the hands of fate.” Only after traveling a sufficient distance will you encounter true gratuitous kindness and boundless cruelty and realize that you are capable of both. All this will fundamentally change you, and the world will no longer be black and white for you.” (Mark Jenkins)
  • “When I was still very young and I was haunted by the urge to go somewhere where we were not, mature people assured me that in maturity they would be cured of this itch. When my age approached this standard, old age was promised to me as a healing remedy. In my older years I heard assurances that over time my fever would go away, but now that I am fifty-eight years old, I can only hope for a very old age. Nothing has helped so far. Four hoarse steamship whistles make the hair on the back of my neck stand on end, and my feet begin to stamp themselves. I’ll hear the roar of a jet plane, the warming up of the engine, even the clatter of hooves on the pavement - and immediately the eternal trembling throughout the body, dry mouth, wandering eyes, heat in the palms and the stomach rolls somewhere right under the ribs. In other words, there is no recovery; Simply put, the grave will correct the tramp. I'm afraid that my illness is incurable. I am not talking about this for the edification of others, but for my own information.” (John Steinbeck. Travels with Charlie in Search of America)
  • “I am not a tree, born to always stand in one place and not know what is behind the nearest mountain.” (Jack London. “Beauty Li-Wan”)

For whom is travel contraindicated?

  • “Travel is destructive of prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness.” (Mark Twain. “Innocents Abroad”)
  • “If you refuse food, ignore traditions, fear religion and avoid people, you are better off staying home.” (James Michener)
  • “The bad traveler is the one who, having set out on the open sea, believes that there is no land anywhere.” (Francis Bacon)
  • “The wind of wanderings does not blow for pessimists.” (Igor Subbotin)
  • “He who has seen one cathedral 10 times has at least seen something; the one who saw 10 cathedrals, but only once, saw a little less; and the one who spent half an hour in a hundred cathedrals saw nothing at all.” (Sinclair Lewis)
  • “Your planet is very beautiful,” he said. - Do you have oceans?
    “I don’t know that,” said the geographer.
    “Oh-oh-oh...” the Little Prince said in disappointment.
    -Are there mountains?
    “I don’t know,” said the geographer.
    - What about cities, rivers, deserts?
    - I don’t know that either.
    - But you are a geographer!
    “That’s it,” said the old man. - I am a geographer, not a traveler. I miss travelers terribly. After all, it is not geographers who count cities, rivers, mountains, seas, oceans and deserts. The geographer is too important a person; he has no time to walk around. He doesn't leave his office." (Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. “The Little Prince”)

Where to go?

  • “Leaving Barcelona is stupid. Coming to it is criminal frivolity.” (Slava Se. “Summer is small everything”)
  • “...He will take her to London so that she will love everything that he loves - parks, squirrels, rain, grass, chestnuts, pubs, funny dogs and old cars.” (Tatiana Ustinova. “Vices and Their Fans”)
  • “Paris is a holiday that is always with you.” (Ernest Hemingway)
  • “Paris is the envy of those who have never seen it; happiness or misfortune (depending on how lucky you are) for those who live in it, but always grief for those who are forced to leave it.” (Honore de Balzac)
  • “No city in the world is so conducive to bliss and idleness as Vienna, where the art of walking without a goal, contemplating in inaction, being a model of grace has been brought to truly artistic perfection...” (Stefan Zweig. “Fantastic Night”)
  • “If there is a paradise on earth, ... then it is definitely located on the East Coast of Australia, somewhere in the Great Barrier Reef ...” (Saul Shulman. “Australia - Terra Incognita: When Animals Were Still People”)
  • “Europe for me is like a magic box from an old children’s fairy tale. (Jennifer Lopez)
  • “I grew up in Europe, which is where history comes from.” (Eddie Izzard)
  • “To understand Europe, you need to be a genius - or a Frenchman.” (Madeleine Albright)
  • “The twentieth century was the century of Europe, the 21st century is the century of Asia.” (Sho Kosugi)
  • “Asia is time flowing through your fingers.” (Gennady Prashkevich. “The Cain Paradox”)
  • “It’s funny how oriental flavor combined with the scent of mystery affects Europeans. They just go numb." (Boris Akunin. Black City)
  • “East... One day a close associate of the Sultan said: “Fear the night, because the night is ruled by completely different forces than those that rule the day.” And in the East the forces of mysterious magic and riddles rule. The East is a kingdom of illusions and mirages, framed within the framework of our world. This is the pungent smell of spices in the bazaars of Baghdad, this is the rustling of women's bedspreads in the narrow streets of Samarkand, this is the intricacy of calligraphic script on the mosques of Khorezm. The East... is a little pearl that everyone has in their soul... because the beauty of the oriental ornament, the mystery of the tales of the 1000 and 1 nights of Scheherazade will not leave anyone indifferent.” (From the site http://www.inpearls.ru)
  • "The sun goes to the West,
    But to be born again,
    Hurries to the East..." (Igor Talkov)
  • “The Swiss build lovely landscapes around their hotels.” (George Mikes)
  • “So, I’m already in Switzerland, in the country of picturesque nature, in the land of freedom and prosperity! It seems that the local air has something revitalizing in it: my breathing has become easier and freer, my figure has straightened, my head rises up of its own accord, and I think with pride about my humanity.” (Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. “Letters of a Russian Traveler”)
  • “What is the difference between America and England? Americans think that a hundred years is an era, and the British think that a hundred miles is a distance.” (Earl Hitchner)
  • “America has two friends better than any other nation has ever had. These are the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.” (Will Rogers)
  • “The island of Mauritius was created long before God created paradise. He served as a model for him." (Mark Twain)

How to travel?

  • “For those who have just walked out the door, the hardest part is behind them.” (Dutch proverb)
  • "I don't like to feel at home when I'm abroad." (George Bernard Shaw)
  • “Why on earth would you visit the same place when there are still so many unexplored corners in the world?!” (Mark Levy “Those words we didn’t say to each other”)
  • “Traveling and living are much more interesting if you follow sudden impulses.” (Bill Bryson “Travels in Europe”)
  • “In America there are two types of travel: the first and with children.” (Robert Benchley)
  • “Even in the summer, when going on a voyage, take something warm with you, because how can you know what will happen in the atmosphere?” (Kozma Prutkov)
  • “The traveler sees what he sees, the tourist sees what he came to see.” (Gilbert Keith Chesterton)
  • “There are only two ways to live life. The first is as if miracles do not exist. The second one is like there are only miracles all around.” (Albert Einstein)
  • “Seek and see miracles all around you. You get tired of looking at yourself, and this fatigue makes you deaf and blind everywhere to everything else.” (Carlos Castaneda "The Teachings of Don Juan")
  • “...wandered through the streets, looking around not with the eyes of a tourist who is looking for something that is supposed to be admired, and not with the eyes of a writer who is looking for his own everywhere (and can find a beautiful phrase in the colors of the sunset or guess the character in the face he meets), but with the eyes of a tramp, for whom, no matter what happens, everything has its own complete meaning.” (William Somerset Maugham. “Ashenden, or the British Agent”)
  • “When you travel, the main thing is not to forget that the meaning is in the journey itself, and not in its end. If you rush too much, you will miss the purpose for which you are traveling.” (Felicite Robeo de Lamennais)
  • “Don't be afraid of the beaten path. They are trampled for a reason. If millions of people before you gasped at the sight of Notre-Dame de Paris, feel free to gasp too.” (Peter Weil)
  • “A person who goes on a trip to a country whose language he does not know is actually going to school, not on a trip.” (Francis Bacon)
  • “The border is not only a border guard booth, passport control and a man with a gun. At the border everything becomes different; life will never be the same again after your passport has been stamped.” (Graham Green)
  • “An expedition is what it means: everyone follows each other, single file...” (Alan Alexander Milne. "Winnie the Pooh and all-all-all").
  • “I’m talking about real travel, son. Not about any nonsense from tourist brochures. Parisian Pont Neuf in the early morning, when no one is there, only tramps crawl out from under the bridges and from the metro, and the sun is reflected in the water. New York, Central Park in spring. Rome. Ascension Island. Cross the Italian Alps on a donkey. Sail away from Crete on a greengrocer's caique. Cross the Himalayas on foot. Eating leaf rice in the Ganesha temple. Get caught in a storm off the coast of New Guinea. To welcome spring in Moscow, when a whole winter of dog shit crawls out from under the melted snow.” (Joan Harris. "Blackberry Wine")
  • “It’s very correct to arrive in a foreign city in the morning. By train, by plane - it’s all the same. The day starts with clean slate..." (Sergei Lukyanenko. "The Last Watch")
  • “You can run around the world as much as you like and visit all sorts of cities, but the main thing is to go then to a place where you will have the opportunity to remember the bunch of things that you have seen. You've never really been anywhere until you come home." (Terry Pratchett. "Mad Star")
  • “When traveling, it is important not to forget the main thing - when one thing ends, something else begins.” (From the film “Love Happens”)
  • “Traveling must be serious work, otherwise it, unless you drink all day long, becomes one of the most bitter and at the same time the stupidest activities.” (Gustave Flaubert)
  • “At the beginning of the journey, we cannot look too far into the future. Let us be glad that the first part of the journey went well.” (John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. “The Lord of the Rings”)
  • “Never save on something you can’t repeat.” (Tony Wheeler)
  • “You learn a lot by traveling if you don’t close your eyes.” (Joan Harris. "Blackberry Wine")
  • “Don’t follow where the path leads, go further where there is no path, and leave a path behind you.” (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
  • “No adventure-rich journey will be forgotten. Travels without adventure are not worth devoting books to.” (Lewis Carroll. “Symbolic Logic”)
  • “The average delighted tourist is happy with everything because he has escaped for a while from the usual cycle of life: he does not have to jostle in public transport, buy food for dinner, take out the trash, checking the instruments, calculate the rent, go to bed early, prudently setting an alarm clock at the head, tossing and turning from side to side, composing answers to tricky questions that the boss will certainly ask tomorrow morning - nothing like that at all. A lifelong slave to the routine, he is drunk with the sudden onset of freedom, he feels so good that he almost does not see the city, which he sincerely praises; it is not surprising that the natives are only irritated by his inappropriate enthusiasm, like the babble of a drunken reveler who suddenly finds himself among sober, busy people, preoccupied with everyday affairs.” (Max Frei. “The Big Cart”)
  • “My opinion about travel is brief: when traveling, do not go too far, otherwise you will see something that will be impossible to forget later...” (Daniil Kharms)
  • “Adventure is experienced during the journey, not at the destination. The destination is just a pause before the next journey. Enjoy your journey. It’s completely on its own.” (Joe Vitale)
  • “The journey to your dream begins today.” (Johann Rowling. “Harry Potter and Philosopher's Stone" (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone))
  • “The wind blows in the faces of only the worthy.” (Pavel Sharpp)
  • “Trains are amazing; I still adore them. Traveling by train means seeing nature, people, cities and churches, rivers - in essence, it is a journey through life." (Agatha Christie)
  • “It is better to measure the road traveled by the friends acquired, rather than by the kilometers traveled.” (Tim Cahill)
  • “Real travel is not about discovering horizons, but about meeting new people.” (Marcel Proust)
  • “Angels always speak German. It's traditional." (From the film “A Dangerous Method”)
  • “When you travel without knowing English, you begin to understand what it means to be born deaf and dumb.” (Philippe Bouvard)

Travel as a search for yourself and the meaning of life

  • “Life is not how many breaths you take, but how many times you lose your breath.” (Maya Angelou)
  • “A person takes himself with him when he travels. Here he goes beyond his limits, becomes richer in fields, forests, mountains.” (Ernst Simon Bloch)
  • “Rejoice! Rejoice! The work of life, its purpose is Joy. Rejoice in the Sky, in the Sun, in the stars, in the grass, in the trees, in the animals, in the people. And make sure that this Joy is not disturbed by anything. This Joy is violated, which means you made a mistake somewhere - look for this mistake and correct it. Everything is in you and everything is now.” (Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy)
  • “Trust life. Wherever fate takes you, travel is necessary. You have to cross the field of life experience and check for yourself where the truth is and where the lie is. And then you can return to your inner center - a soul that has become purified and wiser.” (Louise Hay)
  • “Only two things will we regret on our deathbed - that we loved little and traveled little.” (Mark Twain)
  • “I follow my path, but I don’t know where it leads. And I don't know where I'll be, and that inspires me." (Rosalia de Castro)
  • “Is it fair to reproach a traveler for spending so much time on the road, when overcoming the journey is the subject of his journey?” (Kozma Prutkov)
  • “I could spend my whole life walking through a new city every day.” (Bill Bryson. “Travels in Europe”)
  • “Open your eyes wider, live as greedily as if you will die in ten seconds. Try to see the world. He is more beautiful than any dream created in a factory and paid for with money. Don’t ask for guarantees, don’t seek peace—there is no such beast in the world.” (Ray Bradbury. “Fahrenheit 451”)
  • “To lose your way while traveling is unpleasant, but to lose the sense of going further is even worse.” (from the film “One Tree Hill”)
  • “A tourist, as soon as he arrives somewhere, immediately begins to want to go back. And the traveler... He may not return..." (Paul Bowles. "Under the Cover of Heaven")
  • "It's good to have a ship in a safe harbor, but that's not what it was built for." (John A. Shedd)
  • “People don’t make journeys… journeys make people.” (John Steinbeck)
  • “I am no longer the same person who looked at the shining moon on the other side of the planet.” (Marie Anne Radmacher)
  • “Like all travelers, I remember less than I saw, and I remember more than I saw.” (Benjamin Disraeli)
  • “A person who travels a lot is like a stone carried by water for many hundreds of miles: its roughness is smoothed out, and everything in it takes on soft, rounded shapes.” (Jacques Elisée Reclus)
  • “The purpose of travel is not to visit as many foreign places as possible, but to set foot on your own land as if it were someone else’s.” (Gilbert K. Chesterton)
  • “The road makes us more humble, because we understand how insignificant we are.” (Scott Cameron)
  • “The road meant its own special world. You take your bag and staff, go out the door - and you are already a resident of this world, you are a wanderer. Yesterday is forgotten, tomorrow is unknown, you go and look for something beyond the horizon. You don’t know for sure, but you hope that there will be food and a fire, and maybe a roof over your head - preferably low and without stars, but at least endless and with stars. You hum the song under your breath and understand: this world with its dangers and quirks can also be loved.” (Nadeya Yasminska. “Green songs of Ermintia”)
  • “To hell with all work if you live only for this! I have worked enough in my life and I can work as well as any of them. Since you and I have been traveling, I have firmly understood one thing: work is not everything in life! Crap! Yes, if all life consisted only of work, then you would need to quickly cut your throat, and goodbye.” (Jack London. “Valley of the Moon”)
  • “There are probably few impressions in the world comparable to the feeling experienced early in the morning on a sunlit street about which you know nothing, in a city about which you know nothing, in a crowd of people about whom you know nothing. The joy of discovery bubbles within you, because anything can happen around the next corner. With bated breath, you expect something, like in childhood, when you read about the fairy-tale prince: “And he set off to wander around the world.” Ah, I always liked it when the prince went to wander around the world, because then the adventures began, there you could find him in the grass Golden Apple, and the galoshes of happiness were just waiting to be put on your feet.” (Astrid Lindgren. “The Adventures of Katya”)
  • “Trust life. Wherever fate takes you, travel is necessary. You have to cross the field of life experience and check for yourself where the truth is and where the lie is. And then you can return to your inner center - a soul that has become purified and wiser.” (Louise Hay).
  • “If a traveler, returning from distant countries, were to tell us about people completely devoid of stinginess, ambition or vindictiveness, who find pleasure only in friendship, generosity and patriotism, we would immediately, on the basis of these details, discover the falsity in his story and prove that he lies with the same certainty as if he had filled his story with tales of centaurs and dragons, miracles and fables.” (David Hume)

Quotes about diving

  • “Diving is like meditation! A person is aware of every moment and every breath. Just imagine, you can live like this all your life - live life to the fullest every moment... every moment...” (from the film “Life Can’t Be Boring” (“Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara”))

Through travel, geography sees and describes itself. Travel is writing in motion, generating images of countries, cities, localities that penetrate literature, changing it. Literature, in turn, creates genres and canons - frameworks for understanding travel images.

The role of travel in Russian literature cannot be overestimated. Through literary works (and texts that became such), Russia realized and comprehended vast, poorly developed spaces. Russian literature developed, shaking in a carriage, in a tarantass, on a cart along dusty country roads and highways. Hence the importance for its understanding travel notes, letters, essays, diaries. Travel has transformed the classical forms of the novel, novel and short story: plots are often “strung” onto entirely (partially) fictional journeys. A brilliant collection of such Russian classics is formed by Gogol’s “Dead Souls” with the epigone “Tarantas” by V. Sollogub, “Chevengur” by Platonov, “Lolita” by Nabokov, “Moscow-Petushki” by Venedikt Erofeev. Travel gave birth to works that were more powerful than travel diaries and letters. Karamzin’s “Letters of a Russian Traveler” still belongs to the era of sentimentalism and owes a lot to Stern (as do subsequent imitations). Radishchev with “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow”, Goncharov with “Frigate “Pallada”” and Chekhov with “Sakhalin Island” turned travel into a special genre and a way of self-knowledge for writers. Radishchev's route became sacred.

There are two types of travel that are important for Russian literature: 1) the plot type, which changes the structure of literary forms, 2) the genre (setting) type, which changes the ideological structure of literature. The purity of the typology is violated by the works of travelers and geographers (most often to Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East): Przhevalsky, Grumm-Grzhimailo, Potanin, Pevtsov, Kozlov, etc. The influence of their descriptions is rather stylistic. Nabokov did not hide it in his novel “The Gift,” and the novel lives with the sense of path inherent in the great Russian travelers.

How did images of travel penetrate into the depths of Russian literature, changing its image? Let me first note that this penetration led, as a rule, to an increase in the power of literary works. There are three main eras: before the beginning of the 19th century. (relatively pre-Pushkin), from the beginning of the 19th century. before the 1910s, from the 1910s to the present. In the pre-Pushkin era, travel is a dry inventory of waypoints, dishes on the tables and exotics of near and far countries. Afanasy Nikitin is a rare exception. The journey takes place with half-closed eyes; the letter itself still does not know how to move well.

The golden age of travel in Russian literature is divided into two parts. The years 1800-1830 are characterized by the growth of travel descriptions performed by journalistic and literary means. This is the era of expansion. Previously tongue-tied, Russian literature has found language, voice, color. Simultaneously with the expansion of the territory of the empire, works of literature appeared, exploring new regions and countries. Pushkin set the tone with “Journey to Arzrum”. The conquest of the Caucasus gave rise to a genre of novels and short stories, especially the Caucasian stories of Bestuzhev-Marlinsky. Foreign campaigns of the Russian army 1813-1815. revived the interest of the noble elite in the politics and culture of European countries. It becomes the subject of literary descriptions. Later, novels by Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and Goncharov were written (at the same time they described the images of their host countries). A genre of descriptions of travel to the Holy Land (Palestine) arose, which did not become literary events.

The second part of the golden age of travel - 1840-1910s. In the 1840s, Russian literature began to master the richness of travel. The basis was the genre of “physiological” essays on the morals, life of cities and localities in Russia (here Lermontov managed to make his mark with the essay “Caucasian”). Professional essayists and writers appeared who devoted themselves to travel, its “physiology,” the smells of space, etc. One of the pioneers of this genre was the poet, translator and publicist Alexander Rotchev. Classics of the genre - works by V. Botkin (“Letters from Spain”), S. Maksimov, Vlad. Nemirovich-Danchenko, E. Markova. He achieved his greatest success by the beginning of the 20th century. Vasily Rozanov, whose essays about the Volga (“Russian Nile”), about travels to Italy, Germany, and the Caucasus are still read in one breath. His student at the Yelets Gymnasium, M. Prishvin, was not inferior to him with essays about the Russian North. The genre survived until the 20th century, although it lost its former positions. In Soviet times, K.G. managed to preserve the romance of the genre. Paustovsky.

The golden time of travel in Russian literature is adventure, exoticism, and romance. A number of descriptions were born as a result of dizzying journeys, sometimes unintentional. These are the descriptions of Alexander Rotchev. In the pre-Pushkin era, the merchant Efremov, who was captured in the Kyrgyz-Kaisak steppes, distinguished himself. The “Arabesque”, adventurous style of writing was preserved by Osip Senkovsky in the 1840s, and by the end of the era - by N. Gumilyov, who traveled in Africa and wrote a number of poetic and geographical cycles. Forced travel (link) became the source of descriptions of the snow-covered spaces of Northern Asia. Trips to Siberia, started by Radishchev and the Decembrists, became iconic for writers and essayists.

Around the 1910s comes new era relationship between Russian literature and travel. Now travel means an inner search, an experiment with literary writing, sometimes with one’s own life. Images of travel move into literature: A. Bely, V. Khlebnikov, O. Mandelstam, A. Platonov and B. Pasternak subordinate the literary rhythm to the rhythm of travel. Bely and Mandelstam happily coincided in their descriptions of Armenia. In the notes “Reading Pallas” Mandelstam grasped the structures and foundations of travel writing. Khlebnikov literally put his life on the geographical map - a case of geoliterature. Pasternak's early prose and poetry breathe images of the path. In the novel “Doctor Zhivago,” the poet connected the fate of the heroes with a trip to the Urals. Tradition in the second half of the 20th century. Joseph Brodsky continued. A number of his poems and essays are flowing images of St. Petersburg, Venice, Crimea, England, and America.

How did Russian literature perceive geographical images of travel? In the golden age of travel, she loved them “like a child”: the brightness of landscapes, landscapes, sketches of everyday scenes and customs - this is rather naturalistic painting, ethnographic cinema. They enlivened the picture of comparing the politics and culture of Russia with other countries - especially if the traveler was a Westernizer or a Slavophile (description of London by A.S. Khomyakov). The writer's interest in traveling as an opportunity to comprehend his life and his own country arises. If the writer emigrated, a transformation of interest became simply necessary. Pecherin’s “Grave Notes”, Herzen’s memoirs and letters confirm that their travels in Russia are reflected in their travels in Europe.

By the end of the 19th century. The “childhood love” of Russian literature for travel is passing. Images of travel go back to childhood and youth in memoirs, novels, and stories of Russian writers. While preserving some of the exoticism, the wanderings of childhood and youth evaluate the hero’s life path as if through a magnifying glass. Hence the diversity, “subjectivity,” and post-factum cruelty of travel descriptions. The “photoflash” effect is triggered. Geographical images personify the twists of fate in Gorky’s early stories, Korolenko’s memoirs, Bunin’s “The Life of Arsenyev,” and Paustovsky’s “The Tale of Life.”

Having embraced the images of travel, Russian literature could not help but change. After Khlebnikov, Mandelstam, Platonov, geographical images became a natural literary means of expressing attitudes towards the world. Travel has become a convenient literary device and a powerful literary metaphor. Books by P. Weil and A. Genis, V. Aksenov, A. Bitov and V. Pelevin confirm this. Real areas and countries can be mixed with fictional ones, space and path are often independent heroes and determine plots. Travel itself, as an archetype image, entered literature, becoming the basis of almost all literary genres.

And literature

MBOU secondary school No. 36

Tomsk - 2012

Goal of the work: consider the features of the travel genre in Russian literature of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Achieving this goal will be facilitated by solving the following tasks:

· analyze the history of the emergence of the travel genre;

· using texts works of art, to identify the features of the travel genre in the works of N. Karamzin, A. Radishchev, M. Lermontov, N. Gogol.

Abstract structure

The abstract consists of an introduction, main part, conclusion and bibliography.

Introduction – pp. 3 - 4

Main part – p.5 - 12

Conclusion – p.13

References – p.14

Introduction

There are two categories of travel:

One is to set off into the distance,

The other is to sit still,

Flip back through the calendar.

The travel genre was and remains the favorite in Russian literature: “Walking across Three Seas” by Afanasy Nikitin, “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” by Radishchev, “Journey to Arzrum” by Pushkin. Roads in Russia have always represented more than just the direction of travel. Classic works of Russian literature are directly related to the road. Here is a carriage with Chichikov, buying “dead souls”. And officer Pechorin travels along the Caucasian roads on official business. There was a snowstorm on the road, and the newlyweds got lost, which became the basis for Pushkin’s story “The Snowstorm.” In my work, I consider the genre of travel in Russian literature, the importance of the genre for revealing the characteristics of the characters, expressing the author’s thoughts.

Journey - a literary genre based on a description of the hero’s wanderings. This can be information about the countries and peoples the traveler has seen in the form of travel diaries, notes, essays, and so on.

Since the adoption of Christianity, travel from Kievan Rus to Constantinople and the Christian East, mainly to Palestine. To the commercial and military interests that guided travelers of the pre-Christian era, the tasks of the Russian church organization were now added. Representatives of the Russian Church went to the East, either for books, icons and other items, or simply in search of church leadership and to strengthen ties with more authoritative church organizations. More than seventy works written in the genre of “walking” are known; they constituted a noticeable part in the reading circle Ancient Rus'. Among the “walks,” the so-called “travelers” are known - short route indicators that contained only a list of points through which the pilgrim’s path from Rus' to the Holy Land lay.

Pilgrimages to “holy places” created in Russian literature a special literary genre of “walkings”, “wanderers”, “travelers” - descriptions of pilgrimage journeys. The most famous works genre of “walking” or “walking” of ancient Russian literature of the 12th-15th centuries are: “Walking” by Hegumen Daniel, “Walking across the Three Seas” by Afanasy Nikitin, a work of the 15th century.

The definition of the travel genre was formulated and included in the “Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary” (1987) and the “Literary Encyclopedia of Terms and Concepts” (2001). emphasizes that a literary “journey” can take various shapes presentation: “notes, memos, diaries (magazines), essays, memoirs,” and also emphasizes the authenticity of the narrative. .

1) The genre of travel notes has its own specifics, which is manifested in the principles of material selection and the features of the narrative. The genre of travel notes has its own subject of depiction, genre content and form. Travel notes are based on a description of the traveling hero’s movements in space and time, a narration about the events that occurred during the trip, the traveler’s impressions, and his thoughts about what he saw.

2) Travel notes emerged as a genre at the end of the 18th century based on the evolution of pilgrimage and secular travel.

The golden age of travel in Russian literature is divided into two parts:

The years are characterized by the growth of travel descriptions performed by journalistic and literary means. This is the era of expansion. Previously tongue-tied, Russian literature has found language, voice, color. Simultaneously with the expansion of the territory of the empire, works of literature appeared, exploring new regions and countries. Pushkin set the tone with “Journey to Arzrum”. Later, novels by Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and Goncharov were written (at the same time they described the images of their host countries).

The second part of the golden age of travel - 1840-1910s. In the 1840s, Russian literature began to master the richness of travel. The basis was the genre of “physiological” essays on the morals, life of cities and localities in Russia (essay “Caucasian”). The greatest success was achieved at the beginning of the 20th century. Vasily Rozanov, whose essays about the Volga (“Russian Nile”), about travels to Italy, Germany, and the Caucasus are still read in one breath.

The central figure, the measure of all things in travel literature is a person, he wanders, finds himself in unknown states and localities, comprehends their history, geography and ethnography, social structure and laws, sees foreign living cultures from the inside, the life of the people, studies languages. That is, he develops spiritually and enriches himself, becomes a citizen of the universe. At the same time, a person on the way comprehends himself, better understands his character, interests, spiritual roots and traditions, his country and his people, and learns everything in comparison. The attractiveness of this genre for writers and its popularity among readers are clear.

Main part

“Journey beyond three seas” by Afanasy Nikitin is of considerable value as a kind of harbinger of essay literature, as an indicator of high cultural level Russian person.

In “Journey across Three Seas,” the main character Afanasy Nikitin describes his journey. It describes how people live in other countries. He describes the customs of the peoples living in India: “And here is the Indian country, and ordinary people walk naked, and their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, and everyone walks with bellies, and children are born every year, and they have many children. Of the common people, the men and women are all naked and all black. Wherever I go, there are many people behind me - they are amazed at the white man.”

The autobiographical nature and lyricism of “Walking Beyond Three Seas,” which conveys the author’s emotional experiences and moods, were new features in ancient Russian literature, characteristic of the 15th century. The personal character of “Walking”, the ability of its author to reveal for us his state of mind, mine inner world- with all these features, Afanasy Nikitin’s diary became a kind of basis for the creation of new works in the “travel” genre.

The main character of the novel N. Karamzin “Letters of a Russian Traveler”, written already in the 18th century, goes on a long-awaited journey and in letters reflects his impressions and emotions evoked during this journey. In the first letter, sent from Tver, the young man says that the fulfilled dream of traveling caused in his soul the pain of parting with everything and everyone that was dear to his heart, and the sight of Moscow receding made him cry. In St. Petersburg, the hero learns that the passport received in Moscow does not give the right to travel by sea, and the hero has to change his route and experience the inconvenience of endless breakdowns of wagons, wagons and carts.

The traveler's cherished dream was to meet Kant. He goes to him on the day he arrived in Konigsberg. Quite quickly he gets to Berlin and hurries to inspect the Royal Library and the Berlin Menagerie, mentioned in the descriptions of the city. Arriving in Dresden, the traveler went to inspect the art gallery. He not only described his impressions of the famous paintings, but also added to the letters biographical information about the artists: Raphael, Correggio, Veronese, Poussin, Giulio Romano, Tintoretto, Rubens, etc. From Dresden, the traveler decided to go to Leipzig, describing in detail the pictures of nature visible from the window of a mail carriage or long walks. Leipzig amazed him with the abundance of bookstores, which is natural for a city where book fairs are held three times a year. Switzerland - the land of “freedom and prosperity” - began for the hero in the city of Basel. Later, in Zurich, the author met several times with Lavater and attended his public speaking. The events taking place in France are indicated very carefully - for example, a chance meeting with Count D'Artois and his retinue, who intended to go to Italy, is mentioned.

The traveler enjoyed walks in the Alpine mountains, lakes, and visited memorable places. He discusses the peculiarities of education and expresses the opinion that French should be studied in Lausanne, and all other subjects should be studied at German universities.

The village of Ferney was also a place of pilgrimage, where “the most famous writer of our century”, Voltaire, lived. The Traveler noted with pleasure that on the wall of the great old man’s bedroom there was a portrait sewn on silk. Russian empress with the inscription in French: “Presented to Voltaire by the author.”

On December 1, 1789, the author turned twenty-three years old, and early in the morning he went to the shore of Lake Geneva, reflecting on the meaning of life and remembering his friends. After spending several months in Switzerland, the Traveler went to France. The first French city on his way was Lyon. The author was interested in everything - the theater, Parisians stuck in the city and waiting to leave for other lands, ancient ruins. Ancient arcades and the remains of a Roman water supply made the author think about how little his contemporaries think about the past and future, and do not try to “plant an oak without the hope of resting in its shade.” Here in Lyon he saw new tragedy Chenier "Charles IX" and described in detail the reaction of the audience who saw the current state of France in the play. The Young Traveler writes: “Without this, the play could hardly have made an impression anywhere.”

Soon the writer goes to Paris, impatient to meet the great city. He describes in detail the streets, houses, people. Anticipating questions from interested friends about French Revolution, writes: “Do not think, however, that the entire nation will participate in the tragedy that is now being played out in France.” The Young Traveler describes his impressions of meeting with royal family, which he accidentally saw in the church. He does not dwell on the details, except for one thing - the purple color of the clothes.

In Paris, the young Traveler visited almost everywhere - theaters, boulevards, Academies, coffee houses, literary salons and private houses. At the Academy, he became interested in the Lexicon of the French Language, which was praised for its rigor and purity, but condemned for its lack of completeness. He was interested in the rules for holding meetings at the Academy, founded by Cardinal Richelieu. Conditions for admission to another Academy - the Academy of Sciences; activities of the Academy of Inscriptions and Literature, as well as the Academy of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture.

Coffee houses attracted the attention of the author as an opportunity for visitors to publicly speak out about the latest in literature or politics, gathering in cozy places where one can see both Parisian celebrities and ordinary people who wandered in to listen to poetry or prose being read.

The hero leaves Paris and goes to London. The author's very first English impressions indicate a long-standing interest in this country. The first acquaintance with the best English public took place in Westminster Abbey at the annual performance of Handel's oratorio "Messiah", where the royal family was also present. The author immediately drew attention to the fact that well-mannered Englishmen, who usually know French, prefer to express themselves in English. He visited London courts and prisons, delving into all the circumstances of legal proceedings and the detention of criminals. He noted the benefits of a jury trial, in which a person’s life depends only on the law, and not on other people. His reasoning about English literature and theater is very strict, and he writes: “I repeat: the English have only Shakespeare! All their newest tragedians only want to be strong, but in fact they are weak in spirit.”

The Traveler's last letter was written in Kronstadt and is full of anticipation of how he will remember what he experienced, “sad with my heart and consoled with my friends!”

A sentimental journey is necessary in order to reveal the spiritual qualities of a person, show weaknesses and strengths, the inconsistency of character and the importance of momentary impressions for its formation.

The main character of the work A. Radishchev “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” travels from St. Petersburg to Moscow. When choosing his genre, Radishchev consciously relied on the Russian tradition of travel, but put fundamentally new content into the old form. The writer filled it with topical political content; Instead of scattered notes and observations of a traveler, deep in his own thoughts and experiences, occupied only with himself, we find in Radishchev a completely different hero - a Citizen, a Fighter, living in the interests of his people, Russia.

At different stations and in different cities, he meets new people who tell him about their lives. The traveler thinks about their problems and reassures himself that this is not happening to him and that everything is fine with him.

For example, when the hero heads from Tosny to Lyuban, he sees a peasant who was plowing “with great diligence,” despite the fact that it was Sunday. The plowman said that six days a week his family cultivates the master’s land and, in order not to die of hunger, he is forced to work on holidays, even though this is a sin. The hero reflects on the cruelty of the landowners, and at the same time reproaches himself for the fact that he also has a servant over whom he has power.

On the road from Chudov to Spasskaya Polest, a fellow traveler sits down with the hero and tells him his sad story: having trusted his companion in matters of ransom, he was deceived, lost his entire fortune and was put on criminal trial. His wife, experiencing what had happened, gave birth prematurely and died three days later, and the premature baby also died. Friends, seeing that they had come to take him into custody, put the unfortunate man in a wagon and told him to go “wherever his eyes looked.” The hero was touched by the story of his fellow traveler, and he reflects on how to bring this incident to the attention of the supreme authority, “for it can only be impartial.” Realizing that he is unable to help the unfortunate man in any way, the hero imagines himself as the supreme ruler, whose state seems to be prospering, and everyone sings his praises.

At Podberezye station the hero meets a seminarian who complains about modern training. The hero reflects on science and the work of the writer, whose task he sees is enlightenment and praise of virtue.

In Zaitsev, at the post office, the hero meets an old friend, Krestyankin, who served in the criminal chamber. He resigned, realizing that in this position he could not bring any benefit to the fatherland. A peasant told a story about a cruel landowner whose son raped a young peasant woman. The girl's groom, defending the bride, broke the rapist's head. Together with the groom there were several other peasants, and according to the code of the criminal chamber, the narrator should have sentenced all of them to death penalty or lifelong hard labor. He tried to justify the peasants, but none of the local nobles supported him, and he was forced to resign.

In Krestsy, the hero witnesses the separation of a father from his children going off to serve. The hero shares his father’s thoughts that the power of parents over children is insignificant, that the union between parents and children should be “based on the tender feelings of the heart” and that a father cannot see his son as his slave.

Through the plot“Travels” is the story of a man who realized his political errors, discovered the truth of life, new ideals and “rules” for which it was worth living and working, the story of the ideological and moral renewal of a traveler. The journey was supposed to educate him. The writer pays great attention to the personality of the traveler. Closely following his hero, he reveals his moral wealth, emphasizing his spiritual delicacy, responsiveness, and merciless demands on himself. An intelligent and subtle observer, he is endowed with a sensitive heart, his active nature is alien to contemplation and indifference to people, he knows how not only to listen, but always strives to come to the aid of those who need it.

After Radishchev, the genre of travel in Russian literature was firmly connected with the theme of Russia. It was the image of the road that made it possible to organize into a single art space endless Russian open spaces and diversity of Russian morals.

Novel structure "Hero of our time" is fragmentary, therefore the novel is a system of disparate episodes-narratives, united common hero- Pechorin. Such a composition is deeply meaningful: it reflects the fragmentation of the protagonist’s life, his lack of any goal, any unifying principle. The hero's life passes at crossroads in an eternal search for the meaning of human existence and happiness. Pechorin is on the road almost all the time. “This is a world on the road,” Gogol said about “A Hero of Our Time.” The motive of wandering is one of the leading ones in the novel “A Hero of Our Time”. Pechorin calls himself a “wandering officer.” Indeed, in almost every chapter of the novel he appears for a while, and then leaves again, never to return. The only exception is the chapter “Fatalist”.

The novel consists of five parts, in which the action takes place in different time, V different places. Are changing characters, the narrators on whose behalf the story is told change. With the help of this creative technique, the author manages to give a versatile characterization to his main character. called this composition of the novel “five paintings inserted into one frame.”

A young officer travels on business to the Caucasus. On the way he stops in Taman. There he meets with smugglers, they rob him and even try to drown him. (Tale "Taman".)
Arriving in Pyatigorsk, the hero encounters a “water society”. An intrigue ensues, which serves as a pretext for a duel. For participating in a duel in which Grushnitsky dies, Pechorin is sent to serve in the fortress. (“Princess Mary.”)

While serving in the fortress, Pechorin persuades Azamat to steal Bela for him. When Azamat brings his sister, Pechorin helps him steal Karagez, Kazbich’s horse. Kazbich kills Bela. (The story "Bela".)
“Once it happened (Pechorin) to live for two weeks in a Cossack village.” Here the hero tests in practice the theory of predestination and fate. At the risk of his life, he disarms a drunken Cossack, who shortly before killed a man. (The story “Fatalist”.)

Having experienced a lot, having lost faith in everything, Pechorin goes traveling and dies on the road. (The story “Maksim Maksimych”.)

In each of the parts of “A Hero of Our Time” Pechorin is shown in completely different environments, in different environments: now these are free mountaineers, accustomed to living according to the harsh laws of nature and patriarchal life (“Bela”), now the world of “honest smugglers” (“Taman”), now idle secular society, on the Caucasian mineral waters (“Princess Mary”). There is a kind of “wandering” of Pechorin through various layers of the contemporary author. public life Russia. The plot of the novel is structured in such a way that the hero is involved in all the depicted spheres of life, but at the same time is constantly rejected, separated from them, finds himself in the position of a wanderer, a wanderer.

The motif of wandering and wandering in the novel deepens more and more, taking it beyond the specific fate of the central character. And in “Fatalist,” the final chapter of “A Hero of Our Time,” in Pechorin’s bitter reflection, wandering is directly related to the theme of generation. Pechorin, reflecting on himself and on the character of his generation, directly speaks on behalf of this generation, writing the following in his diary: “And we, their pitiful descendants, wandering the earth without convictions and pride, without pleasure and fear, except for that involuntary fear, squeezing the heart at the thought of the inevitable end; We are no longer capable of making great sacrifices, either for the good of humanity, or even for our own happiness, because we know its impossibility, and we indifferently move from doubt to doubt.”

I look sadly at our generation!

His future is either empty or dark,

Meanwhile, under the burden of knowledge and doubt

It will grow old in inactivity.

The travel genre continues with its work "Dead Souls". It was on him that Gogol placed his main hopes. The plot of the poem was suggested to Gogol by Pushkin. Gogol began work on the poem in the fall of 1835. As he writes “Dead Souls,” Nikolai Vasilyevich calls his creation not a novel, but a poem. He had an idea. Gogol wanted to create a poem similar to the Divine Comedy written by Dante. The first volume of Dead Souls was thought of as “hell”, the second volume as “purgatory”, and the third as “paradise”.

Censorship changed the title of the poem to “The Adventures of Chichikov, or Dead Souls” and on May 21, 1842, the first volume of the poem was published.

The purpose of the poem is to show Russia through the eyes of one hero, from which comes the theme of travel, which has become the core and connecting theme in “ Dead souls", since the main action of the main character is travel.

The image of the road serves as a characterization of the images of the landowners whom Chichikov visits one after another. Each of his meetings with the landowner is preceded by a description of the road and estate. For example, this is how Gogol describes the way to Manilovka: “Having traveled two miles, we came across a turn onto a country road, but already two, three, and four miles, it seems, were done, and the two-story stone house was still not visible. Then Chichikov remembered that if a friend invites you to his village fifteen miles away, it means that it is thirty miles away.” The road in the village of Plyushkina directly characterizes the landowner: “He (Chichikov) did not notice how he drove into the middle of a vast village with many huts and streets. Soon, however, he was made aware of this by a considerable jolt produced by the log pavement, in front of which the city stone pavement was nothing. These logs, like piano keys, rose up and down, and the careless traveler acquired either a bump on the back of his head, or a blue spot on his forehead... He noticed some special dilapidation on all the village buildings...”

“Dead Souls” is rich in lyrical digressions. In one of them, located in Chapter 6, Chichikov compares his worldview with the objects around him while traveling.

“Before, long ago, in the years of my youth, in the years of my irrevocably flashed childhood, it was fun for me to drive up for the first time to an unfamiliar place: it didn’t matter whether it was a village, a poor provincial town, a village, a settlement - I discovered a lot of curious things in there is a childish curious look. Every building, everything that bore the imprint of some noticeable feature - everything stopped me and amazed me... If a district official walked past, I was already wondering where he was going... Approaching the village of some landowner, I looked curiously at a tall narrow wooden bell tower or a wide dark wooden old church...

Now I indifferently drive up to any unfamiliar village and indifferently look at its vulgar appearance; It’s unpleasant to my chilled gaze, it’s not funny to me, and what would have awakened in previous years a lively movement in the face, laughter and silent speech, now slides past, and my motionless lips keep an indifferent silence. Oh my youth! Oh, my freshness!

The image of the road appears from the first lines of the poem; one might say he stands at its beginning. "At the hotel gates provincial town NN a rather beautiful small spring britzka drove in...”, etc. The poem ends with the image of the road; the road is literally one of last words text: “Rus', where are you going, give me the answer?”

But what a huge difference between the first and last images of the road! At the beginning of the poem, this is the road of one person, a certain character - Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. In the end, this is the road of the state, of Russia, and even more, the road of all humanity, on which Russia overtakes “other nations.”
At the beginning of the poem, this is a very specific road along which a very specific britzka is dragging, with the owner and his two serfs: the coachman Selifan and the footman Petrushka, drawn by horses, which we also imagine quite specifically: both the root bay, and both harness horses, the forelock and Kaurogo, nicknamed the Assessor. At the end of the poem, it is quite difficult to imagine the road specifically: this is a metaphorical, allegorical image, personifying the gradual course of all human history.

IN lyrical digression about the “three bird” at the end of the poem there are words that fully express author's attitude to the road. For Gogol, the whole Russian soul is on the road, all its simple and inexplicable charm, all its scope and fullness of life: “Eh, troika! bird three! Who invented you? Know spirited people you could only be born...” Gogol draws an open parallel between the “troika bird” and Russia: “Aren’t you, Rus', like a lively, unstoppable troika, rushing?” Thus, the road for Gogol is Rus'. What will happen to Russia, where does the road lead, along which it rushes so that it can no longer be stopped: “Rus, where are you rushing?” This is the question that bothered the writer, because in his soul there lived a boundless love for Russia. And, most importantly, Gogol, unlike many of his contemporaries, believed in Russia, believed in its future. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the road in Gogol’s work is Russia’s road to a bright future.

Conclusion

People have traveled at all times, their journeys were different... But they always loved to listen and read the stories of wanderers, both in ancient times and in modern times. A person sets out on a journey in search of happiness, answers to questions, in search of a way out of difficult life situations, in the hope of salvation. The result of the path - moral, spiritual - the person became better, changed internally.

1. The “travel” genre is based on a description of the movement of a traveling hero in space, a narrative about the events that occurred during the trip, a description of the traveler’s impressions, his thoughts after what he saw, and a broad information and educational plan. In literary travels, unlike scientific and other types, information material is covered on the basis of the artistic and ideological concept of the author.

2. Literary travel emerges as a genre in the 18th century
the basis of the evolution of “walkings” in travel notes, for further development
The genre is influenced by European examples of literary travel.
Subsequently, in the 19th century, the genre continued to develop in the form of diary
epistolary and memoir travel notes of artistic or
artistic and journalistic character.

3. Reading works in the travel genre, we can trace how the hero behaves in different situations throughout his entire journey, we can see changes in his character and soul. Travel embodies the idea of ​​spiritual search; the motive of travel becomes one of the ways to reveal the character of the hero.

Literature

1. Literary encyclopedia of terms and concepts, ed. . RAS. M.: NPK "Intelvac", 2001

2. Afanasy Nikitin “Walking across Three Seas.” 1466-1472.

3. Karamzin, N. Selected works in two volumes. M.; L., 1964.

4. Lermontov, . Poems. Masquerade. Hero of our time. M.: Artist. Lit., 19 p.

5. Gogol, souls: Poem. M.: Statistics, 19 p.

6. Gogol's works. Meaning and form: Yuri Mann. Moscow, St. Petersburg University Publishing House, 2007.

7. Radishchev, A. Travel from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Liberty. Prose/Note , . L.: Artist. Lit., 19 p.

Internet resources:

8. http:///feb/irl/il0/il1/il123652.htm

9. http:///read. php? pid=10884

10. http:///puteshestviye-radishev

11. http:///nikolaev/205.htm

12. http://dic. /dic. nsf/enc_literature/3857/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5

13. http://palomnic. org/bibl_lit/drev/andr_perets/



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