The story is a blank sheet of paper, Tatyana Tolstaya. Read online “Clean Slate”

What is the soul? Can you tell a sincere person from an indifferent one? Are you familiar with the states when “cats are scratching at your soul” or “your soul is singing”? Soul - 1. The inner mental world of a person, his consciousness is betrayed by soul and body. 2. This or that character property, as well as a person with certain properties Low d. 3. The inspirer of something, the main person. D. society. 4. About a person (in idioms) Not a soul in the house.5. In the old days, a serf peasant. Dead Souls. Dictionary by S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedov

“Clean Slate” “Every night, longing came to Ignatiev. Heavy, vague, with her head bowed, she sat on the edge of the bed and took her hand - a sad nurse of a hopeless patient. They remained silent for hours, hand in hand. Behind the wall, a sallow, tired, dear wife sleeps under a torn blanket. Little white Valerik was scattered - a frail, painful sprout, pitiful to the point of spasm - rash, glands, dark circles under the eyes. Toska waited, lay in a wide bed, moved over, made room for Ignatiev, hugged him, laid her head on his chest. To the felled gardens. Shallow seas, ashes of cities. But not everyone has been killed yet: in the morning, when Ignatiev is sleeping, the Living One comes out of the dugouts from somewhere; rakes away charred logs, plants small seedlings: plastic primroses, cardboard oaks, carries cubes, erects temporary huts. From a child’s watering can he fills the bowls of the seas and with a simple pencil draws the dark, winding line of the surf.”

“It’s bad, you know,” he presses. Every day I promise myself: tomorrow I will become a different person, I will cheer up, I will forget Anastasia, I will earn a lot of money, I will take Valera to the south... I will renovate the apartment, I will run in the morning... And at night - melancholy. “I don’t understand,” said a friend, “why are you trying to get away with it?” Everyone has approximately the same circumstances, what's the matter? We live somehow. “You understand: here,” Ignatiev, pointing to his chest, “it’s alive, alive, it hurts!” “What a fool,” a friend brushed his tooth with a match. “That’s why it hurts because it’s alive.” What did you want? - And I want it not to hurt. But it’s hard for me. But just imagine, I’m suffering. And the wife suffers, and Valerochka suffers, and Anastasia probably also suffers and turns off the phone. And we all torture each other... I am sick and I want to be healthy. - And if so, be aware: the diseased organ must be amputated. Like an appendix. Ignatiev raised his head and was amazed. - In what sense amputate? - In medical. Now they are doing it."

“Only the weak regret futile sacrifices. He will be strong. He will burn everything that creates barriers. He will lasso her, tie her to the saddle, and tame the elusive Anastasia. He will lift up the sallow, downcast face of his dear, exhausted wife. Contradictions will not tear him apart. Clearly, the worthy will be balanced fairly. This is your place, wife. Own it. This is your place, Anastasia. Kings. Smile too, little Valerik. Your legs will get stronger, and your glands will pass, because daddy loves you, pale city potato sprout. Dad will become rich. He will call expensive doctors with gold glasses and leather bags. Carefully passing you from hand to hand, they will carry you to the fruity shores of the eternal blue sea, and the lemon, orange breeze will blow away the dark circles from your eyes. Who is this coming, slender as a cedar, strong as steel, with springy steps, knowing no shameful doubts? This is Ignatiev coming. His path is straight, his earnings are high, his gaze is confident, women look after him.”

“The sound of a gurney was heard from behind, muffled groans - and two elderly women in white coats carried a writhing, nameless body, all covered in dried bloody bandages - both the face and chest - only the mouth in a black, moaning void. Also, this? Him?.. They tore it out, right? The nurse laughed sadly. - No, he got a transplant. They will remove it for you and transplant it to someone else. Don't worry. This is an inpatient. - Oh, so they do the opposite too? Why is this... - Not a tenant. They don't live. We take a subscription before the operation. Useless. They don't survive. - Rejection? The immune system? - Ignatiev swaggered. - Extensive heart attack. - Why? - They can’t stand it. They were born this way, they lived their whole lives, they didn’t know what kind of thing it was - and suddenly, here you go - give them a transplant. Fashion has gone like this, or something. They stand in line, roll calls once a month. There are not enough donors. - So, am I a donor?

“Take out your scalpel, knife, sickle, whatever is your custom, doctor, do a favor, cut off the branch. Still blooming, but already inevitably dying, and throw it into the cleansing fire. Ignatiev began to look and saw the doctor. a cap sat on his head like a stepped cone - a white tiara with blue stripes, a starched ziggurat. Dark face. Eyes lowered to the papers. And powerfully, a waterfall, but scary - from the ears to the waist down - in four tiers, forty spirals, the blue, stiff Assyrian beard twisted - thick rings, resin springs, night hyacinth. I, Doctor of Doctors, Ivanov. He had no eyes. From the empty eye sockets there was a breath of black abyss into nowhere, an underground passage to other worlds, to the outskirts of the dead seas of darkness. And I had to go there. There were no eyes, but there was a look. And he looked at Ignatiev."

Find changes in vocabulary “It’s nice to feel a dull spot in the solar plexus. Everything is fine. - Okay, beard, I got it. Give me five. Should I go to social security or where should I go? No, social security is after, but now write where you should and signal to someone that the doctor calling himself Ivanov is taking bribes. Write in detail, but it’s with humor: they say, there are no eyes, but the money is coming! And where are those who are supposed to look at this? And then to social security. Anyway, I can’t keep this little brat at home anymore. Unsanitary, you understand. Please provide a boarding school. They'll fight and you'll have to hit them on the paw. This is just the way it is. That's okay. Ignatiev pushed the post office door.”

Conversation on the content of the story What will be the future of our hero? Will he be happy? What does the author want to say with such an ending? Explain the meaning of the title of the story? Name the signs of postmodernism in Tolstoy's story. What meaning does the author give to the title of the story?

Melancholy Go away, melancholy! Tatyana Yezhevskaya Tatyana Yezhevskaya Why, melancholy, do you gnaw at your soul And eat, savoring bits and pieces? You are also feminine... Let's put an end to it now. Leave, leave without regret, No need to gnaw and torment your soul. Give it to me as my possession, I will not break our agreement. I won't bother you again. Fly, longing, live in peace. I’ll just forget about you, so that my soul doesn’t feel pain. And from the torn pieces I will mold a beautiful living thing, And I will round all the corners, Diving headlong into happiness

Sources of information: php start %20 with %20 a clean %20 sheet &noreask=1&img_url= %2F08%2F18%2F3674.jpg&pos=20 loneliness &noreask =1&img_url=i93.beon.ru%2F46%2F30%2F %2F56%2F %2F165 .jpeg&pos=3&rpt=simage soul %20 person &no reask=1&img_url= 12%2F03%2F23%2F1329%2F0.jpg&pos=22&r soul %20 person &no reask=1&img_url= 12%2F03%2F23%2F1329%2F0.jpg&pos=22 &r remin) portrait)

“Clean Water” - Search for solutions in the field of providing the population with clean water. Water is supplied in standard 5-6 liter bottles. Works in automatic mode. Water purification technology. Service card. The water purification system is based on membrane technology. Water is supplied in standard bottles of 5-19 liters.

“External structure of a leaf” - Questions for review. Leaf venation. Explain the difference between sessile and petiolate leaves. What venation is characteristic of dicotyledonous plants? Modified leaves. What venation is typical for monocotyledonous plants? Name the main parts of the sheet. In monocotyledonous plants, the root system is _______, leaf venation is ___________, ____________.

"Ferenz Liszt" - Liszt is considered a seminal figure in the history of music. Hungarian pianist and composer (1811–1886). And in 1847 F. Liszt undertook a farewell concert tour. In 1844 Liszt became bandmaster at the ducal court in Weimar. Most of the composer's piano heritage is transcriptions and paraphrases of music by other authors.

“Möbius Strip” - Möbius is one of the founders of modern topology. Art and technology. The Mobius strip is a symbol of mathematics, Which serves as the crown of the highest wisdom... An incredible project of a new library in Astana, Kazakhstan. This sculpture is made up of many tin cans. Director of the Leipzig Astronomical Observatory, A. Möbius was a versatile scientist.

“Essay on Leaves” - My Autumn. I. Turgenev. Linden Poplar Rowan Maple Lilac Oak. Movement of leaves. What colors are the leaves? Bunches of rowan. I. Bunin. Bronze Herbal Brown Light Green Malachite Scarlet. Essay topics. What are the leaves whispering about? Which trees have lost their leaves? Autumn sounds. But the pond has already frozen... Red. Yellow Orange Red Green Lemon Orange.

“Pure water lesson” - Discussion on the topic of the lesson. Leonardo da Vinci. Clean water lesson. Tasks: Cinquain on the topic “Clean Water”. Organizational moment. Discussion of measures to improve the ecological water environment of the region. Lesson summary: compiling a syncwine. Water Rain, spring Flows, freezes, evaporates Source of life Liquid.

born on May 3, 1951 in Leningrad, in the family of physics professor Nikita Alekseevich Tolstoy with rich literary traditions. Tatyana grew up in a large family where she had seven brothers and sisters. The maternal grandfather of the future writer is Mikhail Leonidovich Lozinsky, literary translator, poet. On her father's side, she is the granddaughter of the writer Alexei Tolstoy and the poetess Natalia Krandievskaya.

After graduating from school, Tolstaya entered Leningrad University, the department of classical philology (with the study of Latin and Greek), which she graduated in 1974. In the same year, she got married and, following her husband, moved to Moscow, where she got a job as a proofreader in the “Main Editorial Office of Oriental Literature” at the Nauka publishing house. Having worked at the publishing house until 1983, Tatyana Tolstaya published her first literary works in the same year and made her debut as a literary critic with the article “Glue and Scissors...” (“Voprosy Literatury”, 1983, No. 9).

By her own admission, what made her start writing was the fact that she had undergone eye surgery. “Now after laser correction, the bandage is removed in a couple of days, but then I had to lie with the bandage for a whole month. And since it was impossible to read, the plots of the first stories began to appear in my head,” said Tolstaya.

In 1983, she wrote her first story entitled “They Sat on the Golden Porch...”, published in Aurora magazine in the same year. The story was noted by both the public and critics and was recognized as one of the best literary debuts of the 1980s. The work of art was “a kaleidoscope of children’s impressions of simple events and ordinary people, who appear to children as various mysterious and fairy-tale characters.” Subsequently, Tolstaya published about twenty more stories in periodicals. Her works are published in Novy Mir and other major magazines. “Date with a Bird” (1983), “Sonya” (1984), “Clean Slate” (1984), “If you love it, you don’t love it” (1984), “Okkervil River” (1985), “Mammoth Hunt” ( 1985), “Peters” (1986), “Sleep well, son” (1986), “Fire and Dust” (1986), “The Most Beloved” (1986), “Poet and Muse” (1986), “Seraphim” ( 1986), “The Moon Came Out of the Fog” (1987), “Night” (1987), “Flame of Heaven” (1987), “Somnambulist in the Fog” (1988). In 1987, the writer’s first collection of stories was published, entitled similarly to her first story - “They were sitting on the golden porch...”. The collection includes both previously known and unpublished works: “Dear Shura” (1985), “Fakir” (1986), “Circle” (1987). After the publication of the collection, Tatyana Tolstaya was accepted as a member of the USSR Writers' Union.

Soviet criticism was wary of Tolstoy's literary works. She was reproached for the “density” of her writing, for the fact that “you can’t read a lot in one sitting.” Other critics greeted the writer’s prose with delight, but noted that all her works were written according to the same well-built template. In intellectual circles, Tolstaya gains a reputation as an original, independent author. At that time, the main characters of the writer’s works were “urban madmen” (old-regime old women, “brilliant” poets, feeble-minded invalids from childhood...), “living and dying in a cruel and stupid bourgeois environment.” Since 1989 he has been a permanent member of the Russian PEN Center.

In 1990, the writer left for the USA, where she taught. Tolstaya taught Russian literature and creative writing at Skidmore College, located in Saratoga Springs and Princeton, collaborated with the New York review of books, The New Yorker, TLS and other magazines, and lectured at other universities. Subsequently, throughout the 1990s, the writer spent several months a year in America. According to her, living abroad initially had a strong influence on her in terms of language. She complained about how the emigrant Russian language was changing under the influence of the environment. In her short essay of the time, “Hope and Support,” Tolstaya gave examples of ordinary conversation in a Russian store on Brighton Beach: “where words like “Swissloufet cottage cheese”, “slice”, “half pound cheese” and “ lightly salted salmon." After four months in America, Tatyana Nikitichna noted that “her brain turns into minced meat or salad, where languages ​​are mixed and some innuendos appear that are absent in both English and Russian.”

In 1991 he began his journalistic activities. He writes his own column “Own Bell Tower” in the weekly newspaper “Moscow News”, collaborates with the magazine “Stolitsa”, where he is a member of the editorial board. Essays, essays and articles by Tolstoy also appear in the Russian Telegraph magazine. In parallel with her journalistic activities, she continues to publish books. In the 1990s, such works as “If you love - you don’t love” (1997), “Sisters” (co-authored with sister Natalia Tolstoy) (1998), “Okkervil River” (1999) were published. Translations of her stories appear into English, German, French, Swedish and other languages ​​of the world. In 1998, she became a member of the editorial board of the American magazine Counterpoint. In 1999, Tatyana Tolstaya returned to Russia, where she continued to engage in literary, journalistic and teaching activities.

In 2000, the writer published her first novel “Kys”. The book received a lot of response and became very popular. Based on the novel, many theaters staged performances, and in 2001, a literary series project was carried out on the air of the state radio station Radio Russia, under the leadership of Olga Khmeleva. In the same year, three more books were published: “Day”, “Night” and “Two”. Noting the commercial success of the writer, Andrei Ashkerov wrote in the magazine “Russian Life” that the total circulation of the books was about 200 thousand copies and Tatyana Nikitichna’s works became available to the general public. Tolstaya receives the prize of the XIV Moscow International Book Fair in the “Prose” category. In 2002, Tatyana Tolstaya headed the editorial board of the Konservator newspaper.

In 2002, the writer also appeared on television for the first time, in the television program “Basic Instinct.” In the same year, she became a co-host (together with Avdotya Smirnova) of the TV show “School of Scandal,” aired on the Culture TV channel. The program receives recognition from television critics and in 2003 Tatyana Tolstaya and Avdotya Smirnova received the TEFI award in the category “Best Talk Show.”

In 2010, in collaboration with her niece Olga Prokhorova, she published her first children's book. Entitled “The Same ABC of Pinocchio,” the book is interconnected with the work of the writer’s grandfather, the book “The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Pinocchio.” Tolstaya said: “The idea for the book was born 30 years ago. Not without the help of my older sister... She always felt sorry that Pinocchio sold his ABC so quickly and that nothing was known about its contents. What bright pictures were there? What is it even about? Years passed, I switched to stories, during which time my niece grew up and gave birth to two children. And finally, I found time for the book. The half-forgotten project was picked up by my niece, Olga Prokhorova.” In the ranking of the best books of the XXIII Moscow International Book Fair, the book took second place in the “Children’s Literature” section.

In 2011, she was included in the rating of “The One Hundred Most Influential Women of Russia” compiled by the radio station “Echo of Moscow”, information agencies RIA Novosti, “Interfax” and Ogonyok magazine. Tolstoy is referred to as a “new wave” in literature, called one of the bright names of “artistic prose”, which has its roots in the “game prose” of Bulgakov and Olesha, which brought with it parody, buffoonery, celebration, and the eccentricity of the author’s “I.”

Talks about himself: “I am interested in people “from the margins,” that is, to whom we, as a rule, are deaf, whom we perceive as ridiculous, unable to hear their speeches, unable to discern their pain. They leave life, having understood little, often without receiving something important, and when they leave, they are perplexed like children: the holiday is over, but where are the gifts? And life was a gift, and they themselves were a gift, but no one explained this to them.”

Tatyana Tolstaya lived and worked in Princeton (USA), taught Russian literature at universities.

Now lives in Moscow.

(Tambov)

The Dream of the Soul in Tatyana Tolstoy’s story “Clean Slate”

The plot of Tatyana Tolstoy’s story “A Blank Slate” is typical of the “era of the nineties”: Ignatiev, exhausted by everyday troubles, worries and longing for the unrealizable, decides to undergo an operation to remove the suffering soul, wanting to become powerful in this world. The result is predictable: he turns into one of those impersonal, soulless people about whom Yevgeny Zamyatin wrote in the science fiction novel “We.”

By losing the ability to compassion, the hero loses the main component of human happiness - the ability to make others happy, his neighbors and those far away.

Soulless people really walk the earth. Literally. It has become fashionable to write about zombies now. New details on this topic are appearing in newspapers and magazines. But even earlier, Sergei Yesenin remarked:

“I’m scared - because the soul is passing,

Like youth and like love."

The soul passes. You don’t even need to “extract” it.

People often become colder and callous over the years.

Tatyana Tolstaya in her work asks the most important questions:

What happens to the soul?

In what depths, in what abysses does she hide?

Where does it go or how is it transformed, what does this eternal longing for truth, goodness, beauty turn into?

Tatyana Tolstaya knows that there are no clear answers to these questions. To stage them, she uses (following Zamyatin) the techniques of fiction.

Having presented her hero, who easily parted with his soul, in a new capacity with a blank sheet of paper in his hands, the writer just as easily parted with him, without giving an answer as to how one can overcome such a terrifying “cleansing of souls” that become indifferent. The hero became a blank slate. One could write on it:

“And with all my soul, which I don’t feel sorry for

Drown everything in the mysterious and sweet,

Light sadness takes over,

How moonlight takes over the world."

Ignatiev’s soul was overcome by melancholy. Longing, doubt, pity, compassion - this is the way of existence of the soul in a person, because it is a “dweller of other places.” Ignatiev became faint-hearted and could not stand her presence in himself. By deciding to have the operation, he signed his own death warrant - he lost his immortal soul, he lost everything (but he thought that he had gained everything!).

Though weak, but alive, doubtful, but full of reverent fatherly love and tenderness (“he jumped with a push and rushed through the door to the barred crib”), restless, but pitying his wife and admiring her (“The wife is a saint”), Ignatiev was interesting auto RU.

Having ceased to suffer, he ceased to occupy the writer. Everyone knows what a soulless person he is.

On his blank sheet of paper he will write a complaint - the first thing he was going to do after the operation. And Tosca will never come to him again, sit on the edge of his bed, or take his hand. Ignatiev will not feel how from the depths, from the abyss, “the Living One comes out of the dugouts somewhere.” From now on, his destiny is loneliness and emptiness. Everyone leaves him - both the author and the reader, since he is now a dead man, “an empty, hollow body.”

What did Tatyana Tolstaya want to tell us? Why is she talking about what is already known? This is how we see it.

The Russian language has established phrases: “to destroy your soul”, “to save your soul”, that is, man, being an earthly and mortal being, has the power to save or destroy his immortal unearthly soul.

There are five men (one of them a boy) and five women in the story. Everyone is unhappy, especially women. The first is Ignatiev’s wife. The second is Anastasia, his beloved. The third is his friend's divorced wife. The fourth one left the office of the big boss in tears, who was the first to get rid of the soul. The fifth listens into the telephone receiver to the entreaties of a dark-skinned man whose “entire living space is covered in carpets.”

“Woman”, “wife” is the soul. But Tatyana Tolstaya never says this word. Creates a taboo. (Doesn't want to say it in vain?)

How does the story begin? - “The wife is sleeping.”

Ignatiev's soul sleeps. She is sick and weak. It seems that Tatyana Tolstaya is talking about her, describing Ignatiev’s wife and child: “exhausted,” “weak sprout,” “little cinder.” Could Ignatiev become strong and lead his family out of pain and sorrow? It’s unlikely, because it is said: “Whoever doesn’t have it, it will be taken away from him.”

Having removed the soul, Ignatiev immediately decides to get rid of what reminds him of it - its visible embodiment - his loved ones.

Look at the people closest to you. This is the visible embodiment of your invisible soul. How are they next to you? This is the case with you and your soul.

He affirms this idea in his small masterpiece - the story “Blank Slate”.

Notes

1. Thick sheet. With

2. Yesenin with Mariengof (“There is unbridled happiness in friendship...” // Yesenin’s collected works: In 7 volumes. – M.: Nauka, 1996. Vol. 4. Poems not included in the “Collected Poems” - 1996. – C 184-185.

3. Night at home // Collected works in three volumes: T.1. – M.: Terra, 2000. – P. 78.

Grade: 11

Subject: “What does it profit a man if he gains the whole world and loses his own soul?” (Gospel of Matthew ch. 16) (based on the story “Blank Slate” by T. Tolstoy)

Target:

• get acquainted with the works of T. Tolstoy;
• through linguopetic analysis of the text, to identify its ideological orientation.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Teacher's word

T. Tolstaya is a striking phenomenon in postmodern literature. Her collections “Day”, “Night”, “Raisin” attract the attention of readers of different ages. What is so attractive about her prose? First of all, the complexity and beauty of poetics. It is important not only what Tolstaya talks about, but also how she does it.

Tolstoy's style is tough and stingy. In her speech there are no words that are empty, unnecessary, or not filled with essence. Every detail is precise and expressive. Tolstoy’s heroes are sweet, sometimes sadly naive eccentrics whom she loves, even if she loves them, there seems to be no reason for them. The main thing that the author conveys to readers is the preciousness and joy of existence, the happiness of human life as such. This idea is the main one in the stories of Tatyana Tolstoy.

The story “A Blank Slate” stands out for its somewhat far-fetched plot. There is a certain fusion of reality and fantasy in it. According to A. Genis, “Tolstaya is by no means a kind wizard, and her fairy tales have a bad ending.” But even here Tolstaya remains true to her writing credo: stand next to her heroes, look around through their eyes, experience their pain, feel their misfortune and share it with them.

III. Work on the content of the story “Blank Slate”.

While working on the content of the story, you looked for key words that would help you understand its essence, the main idea.

What is unusual about the story? (realistic reality turns into fantasy)

Why does Ignatiev feel sadness every night? What kind of image is this? (Tolstaya’s metaphor is unusual and unexpected) melancholy is a sad nurse.

How are the characters in the story portrayed?

• wife – “haggard face”, “mummy”;
• Ignatiev - “I’m completely sick”, “I didn’t know how to cry and that’s why I smoked”, “I was ashamed of low thoughts”, “I bow down”, “I tremble”;
• Valerochka, Valerik - “a frail, painful sprout, pitiful to the point of spasm.”

What role does Ignatiev’s dream play in the story? (painful delirium, a person cannot free himself from the feeling of hopelessness, despair, hence the nightmare visions: a ship with sick children. A rocky desert with a dead rider, a swamp with a red flower).

The color red appears several times in the story: red wine, red flower, red dress , burning with a love flower. What is the significance of this color? (as a signal of danger, as what is desired and unattainable, as death itself -"swamp bog with red flower").

When does the conversation about the Living first begin? (conversation with a friend in the cellar).

What does Ignatiev’s friend mean by life?

What is it - alive? (soul; “the living thing hurts”, “harmony of the body and ... the brain”; “when it is transplanted to others, they do not survive, they cannot stand it”, “the living king-bell beat and buzzed in his trembling chest”; “as if anticipating something - then my chest would shrink, then I would squat down, closing my eyes, covering my head with my hands”).

Why does Ignatiev want to remove living things? (to save my son, become rich, successful, self-confident).

What is the symbolic meaning of burning your father's shirt? (this is a “vain sacrifice”. Anastasia does not love him. “He will be strong. He will burn everything that destroys barriers”).

In the corridor of the hospital, Ignatiev examines signs with “instructive medical stories”: “Gleb had a toothache.” “And the eye had to be removed”: the author’s phrase follows: (If your eye seduces you, tear it out) - How do you understand this “neighborhood”? (This is from the Gospel, about temptation. The text has a different meaning:the soul cannot be pulled out, like a bad tooth).

How did you feel when reading about supermen who were devoid of “living”? (Regret, anxiety, shock. People, literally deprived of a soul, are truly soulless. These are no longer people, but biological mechanisms: blond, N., doctor).

What is striking about the image of a doctor? (He had no eyes “From his empty eye sockets there was a black hole blowing into nowhere...” Eyes are the mirror of the soul. The doctor has no soul, therefore, no eyes. What’s even more terrible is that for money this “doctor” is capable of committing a murder of the soul, which even worse than physical murder).

What did Ignatiev become after the removal of the living? And what did this living mean for himself and for his loved ones? (without a soul, and the Living is a soul, a person ceases to be a person).

Ignatiev’s soul endured pain, suffering, tossed about, not finding peace, but at the same time it pitied, loved, and took care of the people close to him. The metamorphosis that happened to Ignatiev is terrible and natural. Again I remember his nightmare dream: “a swamp with a red flower.” In pursuit of the coveted “peace”, he lost everything, but did he gain it?...

IV. Conclusions.

Today's lesson topic is indicated by the Gospel line. How do you understand it? What does T. Tolstaya make you think about? Can this story be perceived only as fantasy? (Students' reasoning).