The problem of selfishness in relationships between people arguments. The problem of selfishness in relationships between people
THE PROBLEM OF PERSISTENCE AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS
1. In the novel L.N. Tostogo's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy at all costs, and not one that has a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that there was a ancient capital, heart of Russia, Moscow.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young girls who opposed the German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and restraint and showed themselves to be true patriots.
THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS
1. an example of sacrificial love is Jane Eyre, the heroine novel of the same name Charlotte Bronte. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person most dear to her when he went blind.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures her father's severity. She treats the old prince with love, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often too demanding of her. Marya's love is sincere, pure, bright.
THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HONOR
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is the most important for Pyotr Grinev life principle it was an honor. Even in the face of danger death penalty Peter, who swore allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize Pugachev as sovereign. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Alexey Shvabrin, on the contrary, committed treason and lost his own dignity when he joined the camp of the impostor.
2. The problem of maintaining honor is raised in the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the main character are completely different. Ostap is an honest and brave person. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic person. For the sake of love for a Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. His personal interests come first. Andriy dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, you always need to remain honest first of all with yourself.
THE PROBLEM OF DEVOTED LOVE
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinev from exile when she “asks for mercy” from the Empress. Thus, the basis of the relationship between Masha and Peter is mutual assistance.
2. Selfless love- one of the themes of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own and helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites the finished chapters, trying to keep the master calm and happy. A woman sees her destiny in this.
THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" is shown long haul to the repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of “permitting blood according to conscience,” main character despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity crime committed. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.
THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD
1. In the story by I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life was to accumulate wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.
2. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of life in family, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character refuses social life, devotes himself entirely to his family. Natasha Rostova found her purpose in this world and became truly happy.
THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY ILLITERACY AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUTH
1. In “Letters about the good and the beautiful” D.S. Likhachev claims that a book teaches a person better than any work. The famous scientist admires the ability of a book to educate a person and shape his inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach one to think and make a person intelligent.
2. Ray Bradbury in his novel Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to humanity after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society does not exist social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply unspiritual, since there is no literature that can force people to analyze, think, and make decisions.
THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION OF CHILDREN
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to Oblomov’s apathy and weak-willedness during adult life.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" the spirit of mutual understanding, loyalty, and love reigns in the Rostov family. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness and nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM
1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson works tirelessly. The main character rushes to help the sick in any weather. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to gain the love and respect of all residents of the city.
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THE PROBLEM OF A SOLDIER'S FATE IN WAR
1. The fate of the main characters of the story by B.L. was tragic. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls became an example of perseverance and courage.
2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. Further fate soldier's life turned out differently. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.
THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A PERSON IN LOVE
1. In the story by N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for a Pole, went over to the enemy's camp, betrayed his brother, father, and homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to take up arms against his yesterday’s comrades. For Andriy, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his youngest son.
2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, as in the case of the main character of P. Suskind's "Perfumer. The Story of a Murderer." Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is not capable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, creating a scent that inspires love in people. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who commits the most serious crimes to achieve his goals.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL
1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka eavesdropped and reported to the head everything that was said about him. Later, Romashov went so far as to begin collecting information proving Nikolai Antonovich’s guilt in the death of Captain Tatarinov’s expedition. All of Chamomile’s actions are low, destroying not only his life but also the fates of other people.
2. The action of the hero of the story by V.G. entails even deeper consequences. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but is also the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya.
THE PROBLEM OF DECEITIVE APPEARANCE
1. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", Helen Kuragina, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, is not rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual decline.
2. In Victor Hugo's novel "The Cathedral" Notre Dame of Paris"Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the main character is completely unsightly, but behind it lies a noble and beautiful soul capable of sincere love.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL IN WAR
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went on reconnaissance missions, and never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after some time, Guskov began to think about why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness took over, and Andrei committed irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and became the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya. The hero was tormented by pangs of conscience, but he was no longer able to change anything.
2. In V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" the partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve " great Germany"His comrade Sotnikov, on the contrary, is an example of perseverance. Despite the unbearable pain he experiences during torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his act, wants to escape, but understands that there is no turning back.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND ON CREATIVITY
1. Yu.Ya. Yakovlev in the story “Woke by Nightingales” writes about a difficult boy Seluzhenka, whom those around him did not like. One night the main character heard the trill of a nightingale. The wonderful sounds amazed the child and awakened his interest in creativity. Seluzhenok signed up for art school, and since then the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens in the human soul best qualities, helps to unleash creative potential.
2. Love to native land - main motive creativity of the painter A.G. Venetsianova. A number of paintings belong to his brush, dedicated to life simple peasants. “The Reapers”, “Zakharka”, “Sleeping Shepherd” - these are my favorite paintings by the artist. Life ordinary people, the beauty of Russia’s nature prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have attracted the attention of viewers with their freshness and sincerity for more than two centuries.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood to be the most happy times. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from his parents and educators. Excessive care became the reason for Oblomov’s apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to awaken Ilya Ilyich. However, his lifestyle remained unchanged, because the way of life of his native Oblomovka forever left its mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced life path Ilya Ilyich.
2. In the poem “My Way” by S.A. Yesenin admitted that his childhood played a role important role in his work. Once upon a time, at the age of nine, a boy inspired by the nature of his native village wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined S.A.’s life path. Yesenina.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PATH IN LIFE
1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer especially emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. The lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize his potential.
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From the book by M. Mirsky “Healing with a scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko” I learned that the outstanding doctor first studied at a theological seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Having entered the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev in “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” states that “you need to live your life with dignity so that you are not ashamed to remember.” With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and caring person.
THE PROBLEM OF DOG LOYALTY
1. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky "White Bim" Black ear"told tragic fate Scottish Setter. Bim the dog is desperately trying to find his owner, who had a heart attack. On its way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog is killed. Bima can confidently be called a true friend, devoted to his owner until the end of his days.
2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family is forced to give up their collie to other people due to financial difficulties. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when new owner takes her far from her home. The collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with its former owners.
THE PROBLEM OF MASTERY IN ART
1. In the story by V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Pyotr Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, with his playing, helped people become purer in heart and a kinder soul.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is amazingly talented and hardworking. The boy's talent does not go unnoticed. His game was amazing famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.
THE PROBLEM OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE FOR WRITERS
1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the main character is interested in poetry. Yuri Zhivago - witness of the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. Thus, life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.
2. The theme of a writer's vocation is raised in Jack London's novel Martin Eden. The main character is a sailor who has been doing hard physical labor for many years. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this has become main theme his creativity. So life experience allowed a simple sailor to become a famous writer.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MIND OF A PERSON
1. In the story by A.I. Kuprin" Garnet bracelet"Vera Sheina experiences spiritual cleansing to the sounds of a Beethoven sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after the trials she has endured. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera find inner balance and find the meaning of her future life.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken in his soul feelings that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that it has been a long time since Oblomov felt “such vigor, such strength that seemed to rise from the bottom of his soul, ready for a feat.”
THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE
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In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilyevna was depressed when she learned that her son needed to leave for work for a long time. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because nothing could be harder for her than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna's love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WORKS OF ART ABOUT WAR ON PEOPLE
1. In Lev Kassil’s story “The Great Confrontation,” Sima Krupitsyna listened to news reports from the front every morning on the radio. One day a girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character to perform a feat.
THE PROBLEM OF Pseudoscience
1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White Clothes" Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological doctrine approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician is launching a fight against genetic scientists. He vehemently defends pseudoscientific views and goes to the extreme dishonorable acts to achieve fame. The fanaticism of an academician leads to the death of talented scientists and the cessation of important research.
2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story “Candidate of Sciences” speaks out against those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science, and, consequently, of society as a whole. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky focuses on the need to combat false scientists.
THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE
1. In the story by A.S. Pushkin " Stationmaster» Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter ran away with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. The caretaker died from melancholy and hopelessness. Only a few years later Dunya came to her father’s grave. The girl felt guilty for the death of the caretaker, but repentance came too late.
2. In the story by K.G. Paustovsky's "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna had a presentiment imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at Katerina Petrovna’s grave. So K.G. Paustovsky argues that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.
THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY
1. V.G. Rasputin, in his essay “The Eternal Field,” writes about his impressions of a trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time much has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Rus'.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five girls fell fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their comrade Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina’s son Albert returned to the scene of the death of the anti-aircraft gunners to establish gravestone and perpetuate their feat.
THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE COURSE OF A GIFTED PERSON
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson is an example of selflessness combined with high professionalism. The most talented doctor rushed to help the sick every day, in any weather, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor earned the love and respect of all residents of the city.
2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin's "Mozart and Salieri" tells the life story of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart selflessly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite Mozart's death, his works live on and excite people's hearts.
THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVASTATING CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
1. In A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “ Matrenin Dvor"depicts the life of a Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to a loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy and became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.
2. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov’s “The Fate of a Man” shows the life path of soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family died during the bombing. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable thing they have.
THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTION OF THE HUMAN INNER WORLD
1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is distinguished by his intelligence, hard work, and determination, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who give in to feelings, but is convinced of the incorrectness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsova. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are characterized by inconsistency.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive features character. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and dependent. Oblomov is not interested real life, she makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by his sincerity, sincerity, and ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov’s character.
THE PROBLEM OF TREATING PEOPLE FAIRLY
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich is investigating the murder of an old pawnbroker. Investigator – subtle connoisseur human psychology. He understands the motives for Rodion Raskolnikov’s crime and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives young man a chance to confess. This will subsequently serve as a mitigating circumstance in Raskolnikov’s case.
2. A.P. Chekhov, in his story “Chameleon,” introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out over a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov is trying to decide whether she deserves punishment. Ochumelov’s verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The warden is not looking for justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN AND NATURE
1. In the story by V.P. Astafieva “Tsar Fish” Ignatyich was engaged in poaching for many years. One day, a fisherman caught a giant sturgeon on his hook. Ignatyich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself found himself overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatyich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: “The king of the river and the king of all nature are in one trap.” So the author emphasizes unbreakable connection man and nature.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels like an integral part of the world around her and knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin especially emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria “Casta Diva” awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov especially emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength, which seemed to all rise from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat.” Thus, music can awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.
2. In the novel M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don“Songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing on military campaigns, in the fields, and at weddings. Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, their love for the Don and the steppes.
THE PROBLEM OF REPLACEMENT OF BOOKS BY TELEVISION
1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society that relies on popular culture. In this world, people who can think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was replaced by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are unspiritual, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.
2. In the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” D.S. Likhachev thinks about the question: why is television replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because TV distracts people from worries and forces them to watch some program without rushing. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to people, because TV “dictates how to watch and what to watch” and makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE
1. A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor” depicts the life of a Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous and soulless. Only Matryona retained a feeling of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. Tragic death the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian village.
2. In the story by V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which is about to be flooded. It’s hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they spent their whole lives, where their ancestors are buried. The ending of the story is tragic. Along with the village, its customs and traditions are disappearing, which over the centuries have been passed down from generation to generation and formed the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY
1. A.S. Pushkin in the poem “The Poet and the Crowd” calls that part “stupid rabble” Russian society, who did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity. According to the crowd, the poems are in the interests of society. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that a poet will cease to be a creator if he submits to the will of the crowd. Thus, the poet’s main goal is not national recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.
2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “At the top of his voice” sees the poet’s purpose in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon that can inspire people and motivate them to great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that personal creative freedom should be given up for the sake of a common great goal.
THE PROBLEM OF TEACHER'S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" classroom teacher Lidia Mikhailovna is a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a village boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lydia Mikhailovna had to go against generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. While additionally studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and empathy.
2. In the fairy tale-parable of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry “ A little prince“The old Fox became a teacher for the main character, talking about love, friendship, responsibility, and loyalty. He opened it to the prince main secret of the universe: “You can’t see the main thing with your eyes – only your heart is vigilant.” So the Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS ORPHANS
1. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all his remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life difficulties, we must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.
2. The story “The Republic of ShKID” by G. Belykh and L. Panteleev depicts the life of students at a social and labor education school for street children and juvenile delinquents. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and went along the right way. The authors of the story argue that the state should pay attention to orphans and create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.
THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN'S ROLE IN WWII
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young female anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for their Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to speak out against the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, on an equal basis with men, are capable of military feats and heroic deeds.
2. In the story by V.A. Zakrutkin’s “Mother of Man” shows the fate of a woman during the war. main character Maria lost her entire family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left completely alone, her heart did not harden. Maria took care of seven Leningrad orphans and replaced their mother. Tale by V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and troubles during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.
THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
1. A. Knyshev in the article “O great and mighty new Russian language!” writes with irony about lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded in foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings is polluting the Russian language.
2. V. Astafiev in the story “Lyudochka” connects changes in language with the decline in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is clogged with criminal jargon, which reflects the dysfunction of society, its degradation.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION
1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. Lyrical hero thinking about how to find the right path in life and type of activity. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and equally necessary for people.
2. In the story “Darwin” by E. Grishkovets, the main character, after graduating from school, chooses a business that he wants to do for the rest of his life. He realizes the “uselessness of what is happening” and refuses to study at the cultural institute when he watches a play performed by students. The young man has a firm belief that a profession should be useful and bring pleasure.
Continuation. Start at No. 37, 38, 40-42, 44-49
Approximate range of problems:
1. The problem of relationships between people. (What unites people?)
2. The problem of overcoming selfishness in relationships between people. (How to overcome selfishness in a relationship between two loving people?)
3. The problem of formal connections. (Why might formal connections be worse than loneliness?)
Author's position:
1. People are united by the difficulties they have experienced in moments of crisis.
2. To overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness, we do not need to try to remake people; we need to appreciate the individuality and uniqueness of the people we love.
3. Formal connections are characterized by pretense, which creates emptiness.
We did the first part of the task (“Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text. Formulate the position of the author (narrator of the text)”) together orally, and then writing at the lesson. The second (“Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argument your answer, relying primarily on the reader’s experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account)”) a week later. Everyone writes one lesson.
There were 56 people in three classes at school that day. It took me two lessons to analyze what I wrote. In general, I believe that debriefing is one of the most important parts of the work of a language teacher. Naturally, not a single name is mentioned when analyzing essays. And that's what we were talking about.
First of all, I must say that I do not quite understand what exactly the author's focus is. At the beginning we're talking about about “relationships with other people”, about what unites and separates people, and in the end everything is narrowed down to two people who love each other. However, below it is said that “it takes two for a relationship.” But your parents' relationships are largely determined by their children, their relationships with each other's parents. And if we remember Taras Bulba and his children, their relationship is included in common life and the struggle of the Cossacks. And here you can no longer say that “it takes two for a relationship.” I will proceed from what prevailed in the works - the problem of relationships between people, and not just between a man and a woman who love each other. Although, naturally, we wrote about this, we will also talk about this topic.
The thesis expressed in the proposed text, “We should not try to educate and remake people in our own image and likeness,” was addressed by only four people in all three classes. Two of them agreed with this position.
“We must not forget that the person who is next to you must be somehow different from you. It has its own zest and individuality. And it must be valued and respected, without trying to change a person, creating his own perfect image" This position is further illustrated by an example from Jack London’s novel “Martin Eden” - the relationship between Ruth and Martin Eden.
“Stolz and Olga are trying to remake Oblomov for themselves, to break down and reshape his “I.” This kills Oblomov’s soul: he suffers from this pain, from the fact that he is letting Stolz and Olga down, from the awareness of his own inferiority. And, in order to save his essence, he leaves Olga and Stolz and returns to himself.”
But two people disagree with this point of view: if there are disagreements and misunderstandings about something between people, it is necessary to sort it out, discuss it, and help the person free himself from something.
Everyone who wrote that people are united by “experienced difficulties in moments of crisis” (and the vast majority wrote about this) agrees with this position: “I believe that experienced difficulties strengthen the connection between people, checking their relationships with each other on strength"; “It is in difficult, crisis moments of life that spiritual unity, that harmony arises between people, which will serve as a support for these relationships for many years to come.”
Convincing examples from the literature were given. Sonya and Rodion Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”, Margarita and the Master in Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”. Several people turned to Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter. And here we will linger a little.
When in 1977, in the 7th grade, I read Pushkin’s “The Captain’s Daughter” with my students (and I taught this class from the fourth to the tenth grade), we did several short written works. Stingy Pushkin's prose requires thinking about what is behind the text.
Finishing our lessons, I do the last such work. Topic: “Why did Grinev stop proving his innocence by telling everything as it happened, and thereby save himself?”
Several people wrote that “Grinev would still not have been released,” that he would still “remain in prison”; “It’s unlikely that they would have believed him. His enemy Shvabrin opposed him. Pugachev treated Grinev well. There was a lot of evidence against him, if he told everything, it would be useless.”
Firstly, these answers indicated inattention to the text. After all, having begun to tell the truth, Grinev saw that the judges began to “listen to the answers... with some favor.” And the empress, having become convinced of Grinev’s innocence, after hearing Masha’s story, understood everything. But it's not only that. Such an answer blocked the path to the most important thing, what is defined by the epigraph: “Take care of your honor from a young age.”
But most seventh graders wrote about something else:
“Grinev knew what he was getting into. But he decided it was better to die than to subject Maria Ivanovna to new tests.”
“Grinev is honest, courageous, a kind person. He would not have dared to tell about everything that happened between Masha and Shvabrin. Grinev was a real man, to whom honor is more valuable than life.”
“Grinev loved Masha very much, he was noble and honest and could not bear her presence in court, seeing how she, an orphan, a tortured girl, was interrogated by the judges. Yes, Grinev could have justified himself, but he was silent. I am sure that he would have endured everything, if only Maria Ivanovna did not suffer, and even in front of his eyes.”
“When Grinev needed to tell sincerely about Maria Ivanovna, he imagined how Masha would be called, they would ask down to the smallest details, how they would arrange confrontation with Shvabrin, he felt an irresistible disgust. He sacrificed his happiness, his honor for the sake of his beloved.”
So here are all those eleventh-graders of mine who gave an example from “ The captain's daughter", they wrote only about Masha Mironova, and no one about Pyotr Grinev. And right there in class I asked my eleventh graders the same question that my seventh graders were thinking about 37 years ago: why did Grinev, saving himself, not tell about everything that really happened? And none of the three classes answered this question. “Well, when was it! We have already forgotten everything!” But they still remembered Masha. Maybe they forgot. What if these are changes in the coordinate system? After all, modern seventh-graders do not understand Grinev, who refused to kiss Pugachev’s hand as the sovereign emperor: “What a fool. You risk your life for such nonsense.”
But let's return to our writings. “Yes,” I continued, “often experienced difficulties and moments of crisis unite people and strengthen their human ties. But here everyone put a period, but I would put a comma. Because often experienced difficulties and moments of crisis break these ties and separate people. Unfortunately, breakups, separations, departures are also part of our lives. The whole question is whether these separations are human or inhuman.
A long time ago, when one of my friends was getting married, she future husband warned: “Think carefully. After all, every Sunday I will leave home to visit my daughter.”
At the school where I worked before, one day two girls introduced themselves to me as sisters. Only later did I find out that they were not sisters at all. The father of one of them left for another woman, and the one she represented as her sister was the daughter of this woman. A quarter of a century later, I met them at the apartment where my former students had gathered.
According to my observations, today's children have become wiser than those with whom I began working in school. I remember how my student’s mother told me with pain about how she was about to get married, but her daughter was against it: “Why? We’re already fine with you.” I remember with shame how I, the class teacher, did not consider it possible to talk about this topic with my student. Today this situation is often resolved differently. “Mom,” the children say, “you are a very young woman. Why don’t you get married?” As for friendship and love for your brothers and sisters who appeared in new family father, then I encounter this all the time. The opposite is rare.
But something else is possible. Here on this sheet of paper I have a lot of newspaper extracts with sad figures. I will give only one. 3.2 million children live in divorced families. Of these, only every third receives alimony. About two million fathers are hiding from child support.
But now I remember something else. For six years I went to a sanatorium in the summer " Russian field" People like me vacationed there, that is, those who bought vouchers, those who were luckier and whose vouchers were paid for at work, and children with blood oncology in remission. They, their accompanying mothers and grandmothers were paid for vouchers and tickets from anywhere in Russia. I talked a lot with the unfortunate mothers of these unfortunate children (and vacationers told me more than once: “You came for treatment and rest. Why are you complicating your life and burdening it with other people’s tragedies?”). And all of them, having the experience of lying on the same bed with their children in the hospital for many months, knowing about many, many tragedies and not knowing how it would all end with their child, told me the same figure: when the disease came to the house, then everyone the second husband and father left this house.
Do not misunderstand me. I am not saying all this so that you would write about all this in as much detail in your essay as I am saying now. It’s just that where you put a period, you had to put a comma and finish the sentence to the end. Because in your writings life appears one-sided, monochromatic, simplified. But in fact it is complex, multi-colored, voluminous, contradictory.
And only in one essay did I read something different:
“Life’s difficulties unite people, but I believe that moments of joy and happiness bind people no less tightly. For example, the birth of a child - greatest event in family life. Many people close to each other unite as one in a special moment. Emotions are overflowing. Someone is crying with happiness; another is ready to jump with joy that he now has a grandson, son, brother; the third one is quietly happy for everyone. Small new life combined all three different destinies into a single whirlwind of happiness. Happiness, like difficulties, unites people. It is a reward for testing. We value every moment of happiness with a loved one as worth its weight in gold.”
Why is intelligence good, but two are better? Not because two is more than one. But because two minds are different minds. Trouble school essays is that they often lead to one-mindedness. Although in fact, I know this very well, our students are different and have different thoughts. Without such diversity of thought there is no progress either in science, or in technology, or in art, or indeed in anything at all. A step to the right, a step to the left is not a crime, but a necessity of movement. And the work I just quoted is more than just an essay. This is a manifestation creative potential personality.
I immediately remembered Pushkin: “They say that misfortunes are GOOD school; May be. But happiness is the BEST university.” I checked Olga Sedakova’s commentary on these words using Yandex. " Best University“Having completed it, you can no longer survive, but live.”
So we come to the most difficult thing - the conjunction “a”, provoked by the proposed text and killing me.
“I value spiritual qualities in people, not material ones.” "For sincere feelings“We don’t need material wealth, but only sincerity and respect for each other.” “You don’t need to look for a person who has a lot of money, big house, but you need to live your life with a person who is close to your soul.” “As they say, it’s heaven in the hut with the darling.” “It is not material, but spiritual ties that strengthen human relationships.” “I completely agree with the author, in a relationship you should never rely on money, external attractiveness and other superficial goods.”
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(1) It is a waste of time to try to evaluate relationships, to painstakingly and closely analyze what separates us. (2) The main question, after all, is another question to which we must find an answer if we want to improve or save our relationships: “What unites us?”
(3) The wise rightly said that our relationships with other people will last as long as what unites us exists. (4) If we are connected by a house, a dacha, money, external attractiveness, or any other short-term things that are there today and not tomorrow, then the very first problems in this area will jeopardize our relationships. (5) Connections in which nothing unites people anymore are like Potemkin villages, where outwardly everything is normal, but behind the beautiful façade there are only problems and emptiness. (6) Often such formal connections are worse than loneliness.
(7) People are united by the difficulties and moments of crisis they have experienced together. (8) If, in overcoming obstacles, in searching for solutions, all parties equally make efforts and fight to make things better, this not only strengthens any relationship, but also gives birth to new, deeper, amazing states of the soul, opening new horizons and directing the development of events in a completely different direction.
(9) You need to learn to take the first step without losing yourself and your inner dignity. (10) It takes two for a relationship, and any step we take should cause a resonance, a response from the other person, followed by his reaction, his reciprocal steps towards us. (11) If after our prolonged efforts this does not happen, then one of the conclusions suggests itself: either we are taking the wrong steps, or our relationships are built on shaky ground, because they rest on only one person and one person is trying to carry everything on himself, and this is already absurd and artificial.
(12) For the success of any relationship, it is necessary that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness. (13) Very often we do not see the individuality, uniqueness of the people we love, and continue to view them as a reflection of our own views, requirements, ideas of what they should be. (14) We should not try to educate and remake people in our own image and likeness. (15) Love requires a feeling of air and freedom of the soul. (16) People, loving friend each other, do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.
(According to E. Sikirich*)
*Elena Anatolyevna Sikirich(born in 1956) - modern publicist, philosopher, psychologist, public figure.
Human relationships. What is necessary for their success? This is precisely the problem raised by E.A. Sikirich in the text proposed for analysis.
Reflecting on this issue, the publicist says that when people are bound by short-term things such as material values, their relationship is at risk. The author notes with regret that such human connections are worse than loneliness. E.A. Sikirich believes that in fact people are united by the difficulties they have experienced together, as stated in sentence 7. The psychologist concludes his reasoning with the fair conclusion that “people who love each other do not dissolve in each other and do not lose their individuality; they are two columns supporting the roof of one temple.”
The position of the author of the text on the issue raised is expressed clearly and unambiguously and is revealed in the following sentence: “For the success of any relationship, it is necessary that both parties try to overcome feelings of possessiveness and selfishness.” E.A. Sikirich is convinced that to improve relationships, people need to fight selfishness.
Russian classical writers spoke about this repeatedly in their works. Let us remember the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". In this work, the author showed the relationship between Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and Olga Sergeevna Ilyinskaya. They were in love with each other for some time, and Oblomov even dared to propose to Olga. At first she agreed, but then she realized that she would not be able to make Oblomov like herself, so she broke off the relationship. Of course, it happened that Oblomov acted selfishly. For example, when he wrote a letter saying that he was leaving, but stayed to see Olga’s reaction. Seeing her tears, he was happy. This was a manifestation of selfishness, which Oblomov did not particularly struggle with. On the other hand, Olga also acted selfishly, all the time trying to change Oblomov to her character. All this led to a breakup. Thus, it is selfishness that prevents people from building successful relationships.
Let me give you another example that shows: for a relationship to be successful, it is necessary to overcome selfishness. Crisis psychologist M.I. Khasminsky said that true love It is possible to grow in yourself, it is possible to grow up to it. But first you need to kill your egoism, because egoists see only themselves. Therefore, without overcoming egoism happy relationship cannot exist between people.
All of the above allows us to draw the following conclusion: successful relationships do not fall from heaven; their development requires painstaking work on oneself. And first of all, you need to get rid of egoism as much as possible.
What other arguments can be given to prove this point of view?
How much do you love yourself
Mostly the problem of selfishness in relationships between people , is associated with the fact that a person goes overboard and begins to love himself too much, not paying attention to people. Such people in most cases were insecure or wanted to commit suicide, but as a result of hard work on themselves, they overdid it a little. But not necessarily, since it may be a simple character, innate feelings associated with selfishness, manifested only today. You need to calm down right now and understand whether you have selfishness. Even if there is, you will be able to solve it in any case, since you have thought about this issue and are reading these lines.
Our complexes
All problems associated with selfishness are the basis of an inferiority complex. In this case, people try to show and express themselves in society so that no one finds out that they have this complex. But if you cannot get rid of the inferiority complex, then you will not be able to overcome selfishness. Since this complex reaches the point of selfishness, and this needs to be addressed today. If you have other complexes, then understand whether they are connected with your egoism, and also deal with them immediately.
Family destruction
The problem of selfishness is also based on and affects the family. IN in this case a person suffering from selfishness, seeing that there are many problems in the family, will consider it right to leave this family what would be better for him. Such a person does not even think about his children, leaving them alone, without parents. In this case, it is better to destroy selfishness first, and then make decisions about divorce. Why hurt others because of your selfishness.
Childish resentment
Those who have a problem with selfishness are generally not to blame for its occurrence. The whole reason is in their childhood, the upbringing of their parents, society, and school. If a person was humiliated, insulted, or misunderstood in childhood, then he will definitely grow up to be an egoist. But there is no need to be upset, as there are ways that will help you get rid of and overcome selfishness.
Love not only yourself
The first way is to overcome selfishness in relationships between people, is to start loving your family, parents, those around you and the whole world. By applying this method, you will notice that the world has changed for the better, which may shock you. You can't just fall in love, so make a list positive qualities the person you want to love. Just make a list best sides society and the world and place it in a prominent place. You will receive more positivity and change your attitude towards people.
Change your way of thinking
The second way to combat selfishness is to change your way of thinking. To do this, you just need to start respecting and appreciating yourself, then excessive love will disappear. Start thinking about people the same way, respect them, and they will begin to respect you. Don't spend all your time just on yourself.
Help people
Also, to overcome selfishness, you just need to start helping people. But you don’t need to expect anything in return, you just help those you yourself want to help. This way, you will spend time not only with yourself, and you will feel much better. Because all aggression and disrespect towards you will disappear. But you don’t need to forcefully help those people you don’t want to help, as this will not give you anything useful.
Get creative
If you have excessive egoism, start working at full capacity until egoism leaves you. The ideal option is to do this creative work, but if your soul is not in it, find your purpose in life. Understand what you like and do it all your life, then selfishness and other bad things will leave you forever. Plus, you will be able to achieve success in your business, and you will also feel happiness and joy from the work you do. The problem with selfishness is that a person does a job he doesn’t like.
Be calm
Mostly selfish people
, constantly worry. By overcoming anxiety, you will get rid of selfishness. To do this, you just need to find peace of mind and start living from scratch. Feel like a child who has just been born, as you begin your life, this is how it will become. Start doing things that will help you achieve your goals in the future. Think more about good times, and they will come into your life.
Fear
Problems with selfishness associated with the fact that a person is afraid for himself. He seeks security, warmth and love, but the result is only disappointment and self-love takes root. Of course, you need to love yourself, but not too much, and think not only for yourself, but also for other people who live no better than you. By understanding this, you will get rid of fear and excessive self-love.
If you have any questions, contact our psychologists or write your questions and problems in the comments below.
Composition
Author of this text, talking about very important issue, poses the questions: what can unite people, can a person who has isolated himself from society and opposed himself to people be happy? In my opinion, this problem is very relevant now, because in last years All we did was share everything. They divided the country, the authorities, factories, lands, forests - this is on a national scale. The worst thing is that the epidemic of “separation” has also affected our families, relationships with relatives and friends. All this leads to the fact that a person is left alone with his problems. We are lonely in the family, lonely at school, lonely among crowds. big city. We don't care about anyone, and no one cares about us.
E. Sikirich believes that for the success of any relationship, people must unite their efforts, that those who truly love each other are “columns supporting the roof of one temple,” and what especially unites people is “experienced difficulties and moments of crisis.”
I share the author's point of view. Indeed, most of all, we are united by a common cause, feelings, trials that we experience together, and then our relationship becomes truly human. But no “beautiful façade” can hide emptiness, selfishness, and heartlessness.
Let us remember the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The Rostov family is an example of the spiritual kinship of people, when children and parents understand each other, know how to empathize, and share joy and sorrow among everyone. But Prince Vasily failed to properly raise his children. Helen, Anatole and Hippolyte are only formally relatives, there is no spiritual closeness between them. Such people do not know how to be together with anyone: neither with other people, nor with the whole country... Members of other families - the Rostovs and the Bolkonskys - in the hour of danger that loomed over the Motherland, were able to join in a single impulse of patriotism, and the misfortunes they experienced only families were united more tightly. They experience the joy of mutual understanding, heartfelt unity, and love.
About Judas, the hero of the novel by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Gentlemen Golovlevs” can be said in the words of F. M Dostoevsky : “Selfishness kills generosity.” This man set himself the goal of “rounding up the estate”, becoming the sole owner of all family lands. The fate of his relatives did not bother him. And what? He achieved his goal, robbed all his relatives - and the finale?
Loneliness has never brought happiness to anyone.
