Essay on the topic: “Relationships between Grinev and Shvabrin. Grinev and Shvabrin (based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”) (school essays)
Shvabrin and Grinev are the main characters of A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter".
Both are nobles, both are officers, both serve in Belogorsk fortress, both are in love with Masha Mironova.
This is where their similarities end. Shvabrin was transferred to the fortress for murder, Pyotr Grinev came here at the request of his father, who wanted his son to receive a first-class army training not in the capital.
Differently Young people understand their duty. As soon as Emelyan Pugachev took the Belogorsk fortress, Shvabrin, with his hair cut in a circle, immediately went over to his side, fearing for his life. Grinev honestly told the impostor that he swore allegiance to the Empress and would not serve him.
Shvabrin also behaves ugly towards Grinev. He tells his parents about his son’s unworthy behavior, jealous of the fact that Masha Mironova gave preference to Peter and not him.. In addition, he laughs at his friend’s poems instead of supporting him. Shvabrin doesn't know how to make friends; he doesn't know how to betray - at the expense of "one time".
Both Shvabrin and Grinev are nobles, but the second of them follows the precept “take care of honor from a young age,” and the first only thinks about his own skin. By presenting two peers to the readers, Pushkin makes it clear that the Shvabrins’ song before the court of history has long been sung, and the Grinevs are the elite of Russia and its future.
In his novel “The Captain's Daughter” A.S. Pushkin puts the problem of honor and human dignity in the first place. Throughout the entire work, he comprehensively develops this issue, pitting the main character Peter Grinev against other characters.
So, the complete opposite of Grinev is Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin. It would seem that these people have a lot in common. Both of them are of noble birth, both are young, fairly well educated.
These heroes, it seems to me, have many similar interests. It is not for nothing that Pushkin emphasizes that these people communicated closely: “Of course, I saw A.I. Shvabrin every day...”
We understand that both of them are interested in literature, poetry in particular. Thus, Shvabrin knows the work of V.K. well. Trediakovsky, and Grinev’s poems were highly appreciated by Sumarokov himself.
In addition, the heroes have another common interest - Masha Mironova. Both of them are in love with the captain's daughter, both look after her. But it was precisely this feeling, first of all, that revealed the difference between the heroes, their completely opposite moral qualities, life principles.
Masha refused Shvabrin, and he, in revenge, began to slander the innocent girl. He literally threw mud at the heroine, not at all embarrassed to sit down with her and her parents at the same table and visit their house. Moreover, Alexey Ivanovich, seeing that there was mutual sympathy between Grinev and Masha, did everything to prevent the young people from being together.
Pyotr Grinev does not share and does not accept this behavior of his “friend”. He considers him unworthy not only of a nobleman, but in general honest man. Grinev challenges Shvabrin to a duel, trying to protect good name to your beloved. It is important that in this duel of honor Alexey Ivanovich behaves dishonestly.
But the full nature of the heroes was revealed during Pugachev’s uprising. Both of them became witnesses and participants in terrible events that threatened them and their loved ones with death.
Shvabrin took the easy path. He, forgetting about his oath to the Empress, about his noble honor, went over to Pugachev’s side: “After all, he cut his hair into a circle and now he’s feasting with them right there!” Agile, nothing to say! Thus, Shvabrin becomes a traitor, preferring a dishonorable life to an honest death.
Grinev, under the same conditions, chooses something else. He declares to Pugachev’s face that he cannot become his supporter, because he swore on the Bible that he would be faithful to the Empress: ““No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.”
This behavior of the hero evokes respect even from Pugachev. He releases Peter from the fortress. But, Furthermore, the rebel helps Grinev to rescue Masha from captivity in which Shvabrin imprisoned the girl. The dishonest Alexey Ivanovich, taking advantage of his position, forced the girl to marry him. And only the brave act of loving Peter saved Masha from starvation.
As a result, Grinev, despite the evil machinations of Shvabrin, who slandered him, emerges victorious from all events. Preserved honor, self-esteem, as well as Masha’s love help the hero stay alive and move on with his head held high. Shvabrin, seriously wounded, was captured by state troops and began to bear the stigma of a criminal and traitor.
Pushkin shows us that to preserve ourselves, to emerge victorious from difficult life trials It is possible only by preserving your own honor, the Man in yourself. The writer clearly demonstrates this to us through the example of his two heroes - Grinev and Shvabrin. Frightened, following the lead of his base instincts, a person risks not his body, but his soul. And this is much worse, in my opinion.
Comparative characteristics Grineva and Shvabrina (2nd option)
The Belogorsk fortress was located far from the then cultural and political centers, however, the wave of Pugachev’s rebellion reached her too. The small garrison faced an unequal battle. The fortress fell. Emelyan Pugachev carries out his “imperial” trial, that is, he mercilessly deals with unarmed people. It is this moment in the story that is key for the comparative characterization of the two heroes of “The Captain’s Daughter” - Grinev and Shvabrin.
Grinev was raised in the family of a retired military man and became an officer himself. Petrusha is a gentle and conscientious young man, filled with the most rosy dreams. For him, the height of human well-being is service in the guard. However, life itself dispels his illusions. After losing to Zurin at cards, Grinev feels ashamed. The meeting with the counselor that soon followed shows that Petrusha - good man. Despite Savelich’s admonition, Grinev gives the counselor a rabbit sheepskin coat from his shoulder. Service in the Belogorsk fortress turned out to be easy, Petrusha falls in love with the commandant’s daughter Masha Mironova. Falling in love makes Grinev a poet. Petrusha shares her poetic tests with Alexei Shvabrin, a young officer exiled to the fortress for participating in a duel. It turns out that Shvabrin was also in love with Masha, but was refused. Shvabrin tries to denigrate the girl in the eyes of Grinev, and he challenges him to a duel. Petrusha receives from her ex friend's easy wound. But even after this, Shvabrin continues to envy Grinev, because Masha and her parents carefully look after the wounded young man. However, Shvabrin soon gets the opportunity to take revenge.
Pugachev invited everyone to join his rebellious army. Shvabrin happily agrees: he swears allegiance to the impostor. Grinev, despite the mortal danger, does not betray his military oath and dares to stand up for the orphaned Masha Mironova. Thus, rivals in love and opponents in duels stand on opposite sides of the barricades. Shvabrin’s position is still less favorable: by joining Pugachev, he thereby once and for all put himself outside the law. Grinev, whom Pugachev remembers from meeting on the road, tells the impostor the truth about his beloved, hoping for leniency from the leader. Grinev wins this psychological battle, saving himself and Masha.
Two officers Russian army- Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are bearers of two fundamentally different worldviews. This is exactly how the author of the story "The Captain's Daughter" portrays them.
Working on archival materials of the Pugachev uprising, A.S. Pushkin discovered documents about a certain officer Shvandich, who served in one of the remote fortresses. When the fortress was captured, he went over to Pugachev's side.
Pushkin had a high concept of honor and duty. Therefore, the poet was struck by the action of Shvandich the nobleman, and, trying to explain his behavior, he creates images of Grinev and Shvabrin. So, the two main characters of the story, like Shvandich, find themselves in a fortress captured by Pugachev. But in this situation they manifest themselves differently. What is the reason? The answer to this question is A.S. Pushkin also gives in the epigraph of the story: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” At Shvabrin and Grinev different views about duty, about honor and about other moral categories. Moreover, these concepts life ideals formed in them “from a young age”, and now, in extreme situations, appeared. The author compares these two young officers, putting them in the same position, pitting them against each other and with the same people.
Peter and Alexey are people of the same position and, it would seem, should have similar ideas about life. But one of Pushkin's heroes turned out to be noble man, and the other is a vile traitor and a coward.
Let's try, following the writer, to analyze the history of the nobility of the first and the betrayal of the second.
Grinev has grown up, and his parents send their son to serve. They send him not to St. Petersburg, not to Orenburg, but to a distant, forgotten fortress under the command of Captain Mironov (he had to cultivate courage and perseverance).
Shvabrin was sent to the fortress to serve his sentence. He doesn't care about the service, the situation in the country, or family traditions(they are not mentioned). He was sent here as punishment for killing a man in a duel. In this quiet and nice place, Alexey Ivanovich is bored, and therefore is looking for entertainment: he writes satires on the commandant and commandant, woo Masha. Having met Grinev, young and educated, he tries to draw the officer into his way of life and thoughts. At first he succeeds, but soon, having gotten to know those around him better, Petrusha realized that the commandant and his wife are kind and sweet people, Masha is a wonderful girl and not at all like what his friend said. There is no sense of honor in Shvabrin. Offended by Masha Mironova's refusal to marry him, he takes revenge on her by slandering her.
Nobleman, a man has no right to humiliate a woman. If a young man could commit such a base act, then he is not a man, but a scoundrel. So, the lie is exposed, but Alexey still stands his ground and wants to quarrel between Petrusha and Masha. Unable to bear all this, Grinev challenges the offender to a duel. On it, Alexey Ivanovich once again demonstrates the entire baseness of his essence (when Pyotr Grinev turned away at Savelich’s call, Shvabrin attacked him and struck him). But this is not enough, Alexey still stands his ground. He writes an anonymous letter to the old man Grinev about his son, distorting the essence of Peter’s actions.
The duel shocked the inhabitants of the fortress. But soon they receive fateful news, more terrifying than before. The fortress should be attacked by the so-called army led by Emelyan Pugachev. Already after the first news of the uprising, Shvabrin began to think about treason, which he carried out when Pugachev took the fortress. At the military council convened by Captain Mironov, Shvabrin’s voice is not heard, and Peter is already worried about Masha: how to save her, where to hide her. Unlike Alexei Ivanovich, Pyotr Andreevich strives to fulfill his father’s behests and his officer’s duty. During the defense of the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev replies with a decisive refusal to Pugachev’s offer to go into his service, despite the fact that the commandant and his assistant have just died, and he is so young and wants to live. Pugachev liked his directness and sincerity, and Shvabrin’s act was disgusting and humiliating, since traitors are not loved anywhere.
Shown in the person of Shvabrin typical representative Guards officers of Catherine's time. Alexey, as a guard officer, sees himself as a person to whom everything is permitted. We know little about his past: his career is broken, there is no hope of returning to St. Petersburg. In these circumstances, his transition to Pugachev’s side can be seen as an opportunity for change. The choice is made between betrayal of the oath and the inevitable gallows in case of refusal. Alexey Ivanovich deeply despises the people, hates, fears Emelyan Pugachev, the goals of the uprising are alien to him. Peter sees in what is happening a “senseless and merciless rebellion,” but duty and honor for Grinev are above all. And Pugachev is a robber so talented that he was able to rally the people behind him, was able to correctly understand the two main characters. Even humanity itself, sociability and sincerity bind Peter and Emelyan. They became close, and Pugachev even helps Grinev in his personal affairs, while Shvabrin is only Pugachev’s subject. And the leader of the popular uprising has an extraordinary, popular mind, and he was able to figure out, albeit according to his own criteria, who is worthy of respect and who is not.
The uprising is defeated. A new challenge for heroes. Grinev is in the army, but is suddenly arrested following Shvabrin’s denunciation. Alexey Ivanovich is true to himself - life is above all: duty, conscience, honor. And Pyotr Andreevich could justify himself, but only by mentioning Masha’s name. He is a nobleman, loves Masha and will not bring her shame or trouble.
So, we have traced the path of nobility and betrayal. “Take care of your honor from a young age,” says folk proverb, and only then can you save it until gray hair. A person like Shvabrin evokes a negative attitude towards himself from the author and the reader, while a person like Grinev evokes respect.
The writer makes his characters go through trials of battle, risk and love. The author does not always agree with Grinev, but endows him with kind, decent parents, a sweet wife, and the respect of others, even Pugachev. The writer explains and understands Pyotr Andreevich’s communication with Pugachev. And little is known about Alexey; he is a “lone warrior”, prowling for prey and tucking his tail between his legs. Justice has prevailed; Grinev was released, Shvabrin was punished. And Pushkin made his hero a narrator, paying tribute to his objectivity.
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In the novel by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” two opposing characters are depicted: the noble Pyotr Grinev and the dishonest Alexey Shvabrin. The story of their relationship is one of the main plot points of The Captain's Daughter and reveals in detail the problem of protecting honor in the novel.
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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter” is dedicated to the problem of protecting and preserving honor. To explore this topic, the author portrays two opposing characters: the young officer Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin, exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel.
Young Pyotr Grinev appears in the novel as an infantile, poorly educated nobleman, not ready for adult life, but in every possible way wanting to do so. adult life break out. The time spent in the Belogorsk fortress and in the battles near Orenburg changes his character and fate. He not only develops all his best noble qualities, but also finds true love, as a result remaining an honest person.
In contrast, the author from the very beginning portrays Alexei Shvabrin as a man who has clearly crossed the line between honor and dishonor. According to Vasilisa Egorovna, Alexey Ivanovich “was discharged from the guard for murder and does not believe in God.” Pushkin endows his hero not only with a bad character and a penchant for dishonest acts, but also symbolically paints a portrait of a man with a “swarthy face and distinctly ugly,” but at the same time “excessively lively.”
Perhaps it is Shvabrin’s liveliness that attracts Grinev. The young nobleman is also very interesting to Shvabrin, for whom the Belogorsk fortress is an exile, a disastrous place in which he does not see people. Shvabrin’s interest in Grinev is explained by the desire to “finally see human face"After five years of being in the hopeless steppe wilderness. Grinev feels sympathy for Shvabrin and spends a lot of time with him, but gradually his feelings for Maria Mironova begin to take hold of him. This not only alienates Grinev from Shvabrin, but also provokes a duel between them. Grinev wants to take revenge on Shvabrin for slandering his beloved, whom Shvabrin takes revenge on for rejecting him.
During all subsequent events, Shvabrin increasingly shows his dishonor and, as a result, turns into the ultimate villain. All the traits most disgusting to Grinev awaken in him: a slanderer, a traitor, who forcibly wants to marry Maria to himself. He and Grinev are no longer friends or even comrades in arms; Shvabrin not only becomes disgusted by Grinev, they become on opposite sides in the Pugachev uprising. Even entering into relations with Pugachev, Grinev cannot go all the way, he cannot betray his noble honor. For Shvabrin, honor is initially not so important, so it costs him nothing to run over to the other side and then slander honest Grinev.
Grinev and Shvabrin are two opposites that diverge as quickly as they attract. These heroes choose different ways, but the outcome still turns out to be successful precisely for honest Grinev, who was pardoned by the empress and lived a long happy life, unlike Shvabrin, who disappeared unknown to the sound of chains in the prison corridors.
Even more essays on the topic: “Relationships between Grinev and Shvabrin”:
Historical story "The Captain's Daughter" - last piece A.S. Pushkin, written in prose. This work reflects the most important topics Pushkin's creativity late period– the place of the “little” person in historical events, moral choice in harsh social circumstances, law and mercy, people and power, “family thought.” One of the central moral problems The story is a problem of honor and dishonor. The resolution of this issue can be traced primarily through the fates of Grinev and Shvabrin.
These are young officers. Both serve in the Belogorsk fortress. Grinev and Shvabrin are nobles, close in age, education, and mental development. Grinev describes the impression the young lieutenant made on him: “Shvabrin was very intelligent. His conversation was witty and entertaining. With great joy he described to me the commandant’s family, his society and the region where fate had brought me.” However, the heroes did not become friends. One of the reasons for the hostility is Masha Mironova. It was in the relationship with the captain's daughter that they revealed moral qualities heroes. Grinev and Shvabrin turned out to be antipodes. The attitude towards honor and duty finally separated Grinev and Shvabrin during the Pugachev rebellion.
Pyotr Andreevich is distinguished by kindness, gentleness, conscientiousness, and sensitivity. It is no coincidence that Grinev immediately became “native” to the Mironovs, and Masha fell in love with him deeply and selflessly. The girl confesses to Grinev: “... until your grave, you will remain alone in my heart.” Shvabrin, on the contrary, makes a repulsive impression on those around him. The moral flaw is already evident in his appearance: he was short in stature, with “excellent ugly face" Masha, like Grinev, is unpleasant about Shvabrin, the girl is scared away by him evil tongue: “...he’s such a mocker.” In the lieutenant she feels dangerous person: “He’s very disgusting to me, but it’s strange: I wouldn’t want him to like me the same way. That would worry me with fear.” Subsequently, having become a prisoner of Shvabrin, she is ready to die, but not submit to him. For Vasilisa Egorovna, Shvabrin is a “murderer,” and the disabled Ivan Ignatich admits: “I’m not a fan of him myself.”
Grinev is honest, open, straightforward. He lives and acts at the behest of his heart, and his heart is freely subordinate to the laws of noble honor, the code of Russian chivalry, and a sense of duty. These laws are unchanged for him. Grinev is a man of his word. He promised to thank the random guide and did this, despite Savelich’s desperate resistance. Grinev could not give half a ruble for vodka, but gave the counselor his rabbit sheepskin coat. The law of honor forces young man pay off the huge billiard debt of the hussar Zurin, who played not too honestly. Grinev is noble and ready to fight a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the honor of Masha Mironova.
Grinev is consistently honest, and Shvabrin commits immoral acts one after another. This envious, evil, vengeful person is accustomed to acting with deceit and deceit. Shvabrin deliberately described Grineva Masha as “a complete fool” and hid from him his matchmaking with the captain’s daughter. Grinev soon understood the reasons for Shvabrin’s deliberate slander, with which he persecuted Masha: “He probably noticed our mutual inclination and tried to distract us from each other.”
Shvabrin is ready to get rid of his opponent by any means necessary. Insulting Masha, he skillfully infuriates Grinev and provokes a challenge to a duel, not considering the inexperienced Grinev a dangerous opponent. The lieutenant planned murder. This man stops at nothing. He is used to having all his wishes come true. According to Vasilisa Egorovna, Shvabrin was “transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for murder”, for the fact that in a duel he “stabbed a lieutenant, and even in front of two witnesses.” During the duel of officers, Grinev, unexpectedly for Shvabrin, turned out to be a skilled fencer, but, taking advantage of the favorable moment for him, Shvabrin wounded Grinev.
Grinev is generous, and Shvabrin is low. After the duel, the young officer forgave the “unfortunate rival,” but he continued to insidiously take revenge on Grinev and wrote a denunciation to his parents. Shvabrin constantly commits immoral acts. But the main crime in the chain of his constant baseness is going over to Pugachev’s side not for ideological, but for selfish reasons. Pushkin shows how in historical trials all the qualities of nature are fully manifested in a person. The vile beginning in Shvabrin makes him a complete scoundrel. Grinev's openness and honesty attracted Pugachev to him and saved his life. The hero's high moral potential was revealed during the most difficult tests on the strength of convictions. Grinev several times had to choose between honor and dishonor, and in fact between life and death.
After Pugachev “pardoned” Grinev, he had to kiss his hand, that is, recognize him as the king. In the chapter " Uninvited guest“Pugachev himself arranges a “test of compromise,” trying to get a promise from Grinev to “at least not fight” against him. In all these cases, the hero, risking his life, shows firmness and intransigence.
Shvabrin doesn’t have any moral principles. He saves his life by breaking his oath. Grinev was amazed to see “among the elders Shvabrin, with his hair cut in a circle and wearing a Cossack caftan.” This scary man continues to relentlessly pursue Masha Mironova. Shvabrin is fanatically obsessed with the desire to achieve not love, but at least obedience from the captain's daughter. Grinev assesses Shvabrin’s actions: “I looked with disgust at the nobleman lying at the feet of the runaway Cossack.”
The author's position coincides with the views of the narrator. This is evidenced by the epigraph to the story: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” Grinev remained faithful to duty and honor. The most important words he told Pugachev: “Just don’t demand what is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience.” Shvabrin violated both his noble and human duties.
Source: mysoch.ru
The story “The Captain's Daughter” by A. Pushkin attracts the reader not only with its interesting historical facts, but also with bright, memorable images of heroes.
Young officers Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin are characters whose characters and views are completely opposite. This is evidenced by how differently they behave in everyday life, in critical situations, in love. And if you feel sympathy for Grinev from the very first pages of the story, then meeting Shvabrin evokes contempt and disgust.
The portrait of Shvabrin is as follows: “... a young officer of short stature, with a dark and distinctly ugly face.” His appearance matches his nature - evil, cowardly, hypocritical. Shvabrin is capable of dishonorable acts, it costs him nothing to slander or betray a person for his own benefit. This person cares most about his “selfish” interest.
Having failed to achieve the love of Masha Mironova, he not only seeks to stand in her way to happiness, but also tries, with the help of threats and force, to force the girl to marry him. Saving his life, Shvabrin is one of the first to swear allegiance to the impostor Pugachev, and when this is revealed and he appears in court, he perjures himself against Grinev in order to at least take revenge on him for all his failures.
All the best features were embodied in the image of Pyotr Grinev noble class. He is honest, brave, courageous, fair, knows how to keep his word, loves his fatherland and is devoted to his duty. Most of all, the young man is liked by his sincerity and straightforwardness. He is alien to arrogance and sycophancy. Having managed to win the love of Marya Ivanovna, Grinev reveals himself not only as a gentle and devoted admirer. Above all, he puts her honor, her name, and is ready not only to defend them with a sword in hand, but also to go into exile for Masha’s sake.
with their own positive qualities Grinev's character even conquered the robber Pugachev, who helped him free Masha from the hands of Shvabrin and wanted to be imprisoned by his father at their wedding.
I am sure that in our time many would like to be like Pyotr Grinev, while they would never want to meet Shvabrin.
Source: www.ukrlib.com
Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is not only a negative character, but also the opposite of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, the narrator on whose behalf the narration in “The Captain's Daughter” is told.
Grinev and Shvabrin are not the only characters in the story who are in one way or another compared to each other: similar “pairs” form almost all the main characters works: Empress Catherine - false emperor Pugachev, Masha Mironova - her mother Vasilisa Egorovna - which allows us to talk about the comparison as one of the most important compositional techniques, used by the author in the story.
It is interesting, however, that not all of the named heroes are absolutely opposed to each other. Thus, Masha Mironova, rather, is compared with her mother and displays as much devotion to her chosen one and courage in the fight for him as captain Mironova, who was not afraid of the villains and accepted death with her husband. The contrast between the “couple” Ekaterina and Pugachev is not as clear as it seems at first glance.
These hostile and warring characters have many similar traits and similar actions. Both are capable of cruelty and of showing mercy and justice. In the name of Catherine, supporters of Pugachev (a mutilated Bashkir with his tongue cut out) are brutally persecuted and brutally tortured, and Pugachev commits atrocities and executions together with his comrades. On the other hand, both Pugachev and Ekaterina show mercy towards Grinev, saving him and Marya Ivanovna from trouble and ultimately arranging their happiness.
And only between Grinev and Shvabrin nothing but antagonism is revealed. It is already indicated in the names with which the author calls his heroes. Grinev bears the name Peter, he is the namesake of the great emperor, for whom Pushkin, of course, had the most enthusiastic feelings. Shvabrin is given the name of the traitor to his father's cause - Tsarevich Alexei. This, of course, does not mean at all that every character in Pushkin’s work bearing one of these names should be correlated in the reader’s mind with those named historical figures. But in the context of the story, where the problem of honor and dishonor, devotion and betrayal is so important, such a coincidence seems no coincidence.
It is known how seriously Pushkin took the concept of family noble honor, what is commonly called roots. It is no coincidence, of course, that this is why the story tells in such detail and detail about the childhood of Petrusha Grinev, about his family, in which the traditions of centuries-old noble upbringing are sacredly preserved. And even though these “habits of dear old times” are described not without irony, it is obvious that the author’s irony is full of warmth and understanding. And in the end, it was the thought of the impossibility of disgracing the honor of the clan and family that did not allow Grinev to commit betrayal against his beloved girl and violate the officer’s oath.
Shvabrin is a man without a family, without a tribe. We know nothing about his origin, about his parents. Nothing is said about his childhood or upbringing. Behind him, it seems, there is no spiritual and moral baggage that supports Grinev. Apparently, no one gave Shvabrin the simple and wise instruction: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” And therefore he easily neglects it to save his own life and simply for his personal well-being. At the same time, we note that Shvabrin is an avid duelist: it is known that he was transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for some kind of “villainy,” probably for a duel. He challenges Grinev to a duel, and in a situation where he himself is entirely to blame: he insulted Maria Ivanovna, vilely slandering her in front of the lover Pyotr Andreevich.
It is important that none of the duels in the story honest heroes does not approve: neither Captain Mironov, who reminded Grinev that “fights are formally prohibited in the military article,” nor Vasilisa Yegorovna, who considered them “murder” and “murder,” nor Savelich. Grinev accepts the challenge, defending the honor of his beloved girl, while Shvabrin - from the fact that he was rightly called a liar and a scoundrel. Thus, in his addiction to duels, Shvabrin turns out to be a defender of superficial, falsely understood honor, a zealot not for the spirit, but for the letter of the law, only for its external observance. This once again proves that ideas about true honor he doesn't have.
For Shvabrin, nothing is sacred at all: no love, no friendship, no duty. Moreover, we understand that neglecting these concepts is commonplace for him. From the words of Vasilisa Yegorovna, we learn that Shvabrin “does not believe in God,” that he was “discharged from the guard for murder.” Not every duel and not every officer was dismissed from the guard. Obviously, some ugly, vile story was connected with that duel. And, therefore, what happened in the Belogorsk fortress and subsequently was not an accident, not a consequence of momentary weakness, not just cowardice, which is ultimately excusable under certain circumstances. Shvabrin came to his final fall naturally.
He lived without faith, without moral ideals. He himself was incapable of love, and neglected the feelings of others. After all, he knew that he was disgusted with Masha, but, despite this, he harassed her, stopping at nothing. The advice he gives to Grinev regarding Marya Ivanovna reveals him as a vulgar (“... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender poems, give her a pair of earrings”), Shvabrin is not only mean, but also cunning. After the duel, fearing new troubles, he acts out a scene in front of Grinev sincere repentance. Further events show that the simple-minded Grinev was in vain to believe the liar. At the first opportunity, Shvabrin takes vile revenge on Grinev by betraying Marya Ivanovna to Pugacheva. And here the villain and criminal, the peasant Pugachev, shows a nobility incomprehensible to Shvabrin: he, to Shvabrin’s indescribable anger, lets Grinev and Masha Mironova go with God, forcing Shvabrin to give them “a pass to all outposts and fortresses under his control. Shvabrin, completely destroyed, stood dumbfounded”...
The last time we see Shvabrin is when he, arrested for his connection with Pugachev, shackled in chains, undertakes last try slander and destroy Grinev. He had changed greatly in appearance: “his hair, recently pitch black, had turned completely grey,” but his soul was still black: he uttered his accusations, albeit in a “weak but bold voice” - so great was his anger and hatred of his opponent’s happiness.
Shvabrin will end his life as ingloriously as he lived: loved by no one and loved by no one, serving no one and nothing, but only adapting all his life. He is like a tumbleweed, a plant without a root, a man without a clan, without a tribe, he did not live, but rolled down,
until he fell into the abyss...
The story “The Captain's Daughter”, written by Pushkin in 1836, is a logical continuation of the theme of the “insignificant hero,” an ordinary person who cannot boast of great wealth, influence or serious connections. Main character close to the people, has positive character qualities, kind, fair. The story is based on the uprising led by Pugachev, but Pushkin did not at all set himself the goal of recreating historical events, against their background he described life stories ordinary people.
General characteristics of Grinev
Petr Grinev - a native of noble family, but his parents are poor, so he grew up in an atmosphere of provincial-manorial life. The hero cannot boast good upbringing, admits that he grew up undersized. Since his father was a retired military man, Peter became an officer. This is a conscientious, gentle, kind and fair young man, looking at everything through the eyes. They dissipate, and he understands how the world really works.
Thanks to his moral sense, Peter Greenv comes out of even the most difficult and dangerous situations unharmed. The characterization of the hero shows his impetuous spiritual growth. The man managed to see Masha Mironova moral personality and a pure soul, he had the courage to ask for forgiveness from the serf Savelich, Peter saw in Pugachev not just a rebel, but a fair and generous person, he realized how low and vile Shvabrin really was. Despite terrible events, which took place during the internecine struggle, Grinev managed to maintain honor, humanity and loyalty to his ideals.
General characteristics of Shvabrin
The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin allow the reader to figure out who is who in reality. Alexey Ivanovich is a nobleman by birth, he is animated, dark, and not very handsome. During Grinev’s arrival in Belgorod fortress Shvabrin had served there for five years; he was transferred here for murder. Everything speaks of his meanness, arrogance and heartlessness. At the first meeting with Peter, Alexey Ivanovich introduces him to the inhabitants of the fortress, speaking about everyone with contempt and mockery.
Shvabrin is very smart and much more educated than Grinev, but there is no kindness in him. Many compared this character to a tumbleweed, a man without a family, who only knew how to adapt to different circumstances. Nobody loved him or waited for him, but he didn’t need anyone either. At the end of the story, Shvabrin’s black hair turned gray after the unrest he experienced, but his soul remained black, envious and evil.
Grineva and Shvabrina
Every story must have an antagonist to the main character. If Pushkin had not created the image of Shvabrin, then Grinev’s spiritual growth would not have been so noticeable, and besides, development would have been impossible love line between Mary and Peter. The writer contrasts two young officers in everything noble origin. a brief description of Shvabrina and Grineva show that they even ended up serving in the fortress for different reasons. Peter was sent here to serve by his father so that his son could smell real gunpowder and serve in the army. Alexey was exiled for the murder of a lieutenant.
Expression " military duty“Each of the characters understands differently. Shvabrin doesn’t care who he serves, as long as he feels good. During this time, Alexey immediately went over to the rebels, forgetting about the oath and honor. Grinev is under threat death penalty refuses to swear allegiance to the rebels, but his natural kindness saved him. The fact is that he once gave Pugachev a hare sheepskin coat and a glass of wine, and he in return pays with gratitude and saves Peter’s life.
It became for heroes Captain's daughter. Grinev and Shvabrin fell in love with Masha, but their love is very different. Peter composes poems for the girl, and Alexey criticizes them, tearing them to smithereens. This is understandable, because he himself likes Maria, but is he sincere? loving person could put his beloved in a bad light and recommend that his rival give her earrings instead of poems so that she would come to him at dusk.
Relationship between Shvabrin and Maria
Alexei Ivanovich likes the captain's daughter, he takes care of her, but when he receives a refusal, he spreads dirty and false rumors about her. This person is not capable of sincere, kind and pure feelings, He only needs Masha as a beautiful doll, which can be remade in your own way. The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin show how different these people are from each other. Peter would never allow himself to slander or force his beloved to do anything.
Alexey is vile and cowardly, he acts in roundabout ways. During a duel, he wounded Grinev in the chest with a sword, then informed Peter’s parents about the duel so that they would forbid their son to marry Maria. After going over to Pugachev's side, Shvabrin uses his power, forcing the girl to become his wife. Even in the end, he cannot allow the happiness of Grinev and Mironova, so he slanderes Peter.
Relationship between Grinev and Masha
Pyotr Andreevich has the brightest and purest feelings for the captain’s daughter. He became attached with all his soul to the Mironov family, which became his own. The officer immediately liked the young girl, but he tried to act delicately, composing poems for her in order to win the beauty’s heart. The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin give an idea of the concept of honor among these two people.
Alexey Ivanovich wooed Mironova, but was refused; he could not admit his defeat with dignity, so he tried with all his might to tarnish the girl’s reputation. Grinev, in turn, protects his beloved, challenging the enemy to a duel. Peter is ready to give his life for Masha, taking risks, he rescues the girl from Shvabrin’s captivity, takes her out of the fortress. Even at trial, he tries not to tarnish Mironova’s honor, although he faces lifelong hard labor. This behavior speaks of the nobility of the hero.
Grinev's attitude towards Pugachev
Pyotr Andreevich does not approve of the actions of the rebels and zealously defends the fortress from them; during the execution of the officers, he refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev because he serves the empress. Nevertheless, Grinev admires the generosity, justice and organizational skills of the rebel leader. The hero and Pugachev develop their own, somewhat strange, but friendly relations based on mutual respect. The rebel remembers Grinev’s kindness and repays him in kind. Although Peter did not go over to Pugachev’s side, he still has a good opinion of him.
Shvabrin's attitude towards Pugachev
The characteristics of Shvabrin and Pyotr Grinev show different attitude to the military credit of these officers. If main character and, under pain of death, did not want to betray the Empress, then for Alexei Ivanovich the most important thing is own life. As soon as Pugachev called on the officers to come over to him, Shvabrin immediately went over to the side of the rebels. For this person, nothing is sacred; at the right moment he is always ready to trip up others, so recognizing the power of the rebels is nothing more than an attempt to save his life.
The spiritual formation of Grinev and the fall of Shvabrin
Throughout the story, the reader follows the spiritual growth of the protagonist. The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin speak for themselves: if for Alexei nothing is sacred, he is ready to step over anyone in order to achieve his goal, then Peter conquers with his nobility, kindness, honesty and humanity.
