Works about children during the war. Three stories about children of war

Great battles and destinies ordinary heroes are described in many works of fiction, but there are books that cannot be passed by and which cannot be forgotten. They make the reader think about the present and the past, about life and death, about peace and war. AiF.ru has prepared a list of ten books dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War that are worth re-reading during the holidays.

“And the dawns here are quiet...” Boris Vasiliev

“And the Dawns Here Are Quiet...” is a warning book that forces you to answer the question: “What am I ready for for the sake of my Motherland?” The plot of Boris Vasiliev's story is based on a truly accomplished feat during the Great Patriotic War: seven selfless soldiers did not allow a German sabotage group to blow up the Kirovskaya railway, through which equipment and troops were delivered to Murmansk. After the battle, only one group commander remained alive. Already while working on the work, the author decided to replace the images of fighters with female ones in order to make the story more dramatic. The result is a book about female heroes that amazes readers with the truthfulness of the narrative. The prototypes of the five volunteer girls who enter into an unequal battle with a group of fascist saboteurs are peers from the school of the front-line writer; they also reveal the features of radio operators, nurses, and intelligence officers whom Vasiliev met during the war.

“The Living and the Dead” Konstantin Simonov

Konstantin Simonov is better known to a wide circle of readers as a poet. His poem “Wait for Me” is known and remembered by heart not only by veterans. However, the front-line soldier’s prose is in no way inferior to his poetry. One of the writer’s most powerful novels is considered to be the epic “The Living and the Dead,” consisting of the books “The Living and the Dead,” “Soldiers Are Not Born,” and “The Last Summer.” This is not just a novel about the war: the first part of the trilogy practically reproduces the personal front-line diary of the writer, who, as a correspondent, visited all fronts, walked through the lands of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, and witnessed the last battles for Berlin. On the pages of the book, the author recreates the struggle Soviet people against the fascist invaders from the very first months of the terrible war to the famous “ last summer" Simonov's unique view, the talent of a poet and publicist - all this made “The Living and the Dead” one of the best works of art in its genre.

“The Fate of Man” Mikhail Sholokhov

The story “The Fate of Man” is based on real story that happened to the author. In 1946, Mikhail Sholokhov accidentally met a former soldier who told the writer about his life. The fate of the man struck Sholokhov so much that he decided to capture it on the pages of the book. In the story, the author introduces the reader to Andrei Sokolov, who managed to maintain his fortitude despite difficult trials: injury, captivity, escape, death of his family and, finally, the death of his son on the happiest day, May 9, 1945. After the war, the hero finds the strength to start new life and give hope to another person - he adopts the orphaned boy Vanya. In "The Fate of Man" personal story on the background terrible events shows the fate of an entire people and the strength of the Russian character, which can be called a symbol of victory Soviet troops over the fascists.

“Cursed and Killed” Viktor Astafiev

Viktor Astafiev volunteered for the front in 1942 and was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the medal “For Courage”. But in the novel “Cursed and Killed,” the author does not glorify the events of the war; he speaks of it as a “crime against reason.” Based on personal impressions, the front-line writer described historical events in the USSR, preceding the Great Patriotic War, the process of preparing reinforcements, the life of soldiers and officers, their relationships with each other and commanders, fighting. Astafiev reveals all the dirt and horrors of the terrible years, thereby showing that he does not see the point in the enormous human sacrifices that befell people during the terrible war years.

"Vasily Terkin" Alexander Tvardovsky

Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” received national recognition back in 1942, when its first chapters were published in the newspaper Western Front"Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda". The soldiers immediately recognized the main character of the work as a role model. Vasily Terkin is an ordinary Russian guy who sincerely loves his Motherland and his people, perceives any hardships of life with humor and finds a way out of even the most difficult situations. Some saw him as a comrade in the trenches, some as an old friend, and others saw themselves in his features. Image folk hero Readers loved him so much that even after the war they did not want to part with him. That's why it was written great amount imitations and “continuations” of “Vasily Terkin”, created by other authors.

“War does not have a woman’s face” Svetlana Alexievich

"War has no woman's face"is one of the most famous books about the Great Patriotic War, where the war is shown through the eyes of a woman. The novel was written in 1983, but for a long time was not published, as its author was accused of pacifism, naturalism, and debunking heroic image Soviet woman. However, Svetlana Alexievich wrote about something completely different: she showed that girls and war are incompatible concepts, if only because a woman gives life, while any war first of all kills. In her novel, Alexievich collected stories from front-line soldiers to show what they were like, girls of forty-one, and how they went to the front. The author took readers along the terrible, cruel, unfeminine path of war.

“The Tale of a Real Man” Boris Polevoy

“The Tale of a Real Man” was created by a writer who went through the entire Great Patriotic War as a correspondent for the newspaper Pravda. During these terrible years, he managed to visit partisan detachments behind enemy lines, participated in Battle of Stalingrad, in the battle on Kursk Bulge. But Polevoy’s world fame was brought not by military reports, but by a work of fiction written on the basis of documentary materials. The prototype of the hero of his “Tale of a Real Man” was Soviet pilot Alexey Maresyev, who was shot down in 1942 during offensive operation Red Army. The fighter lost both legs, but found the strength to return to the ranks of active pilots and destroyed many more fascist planes. The work was written in difficult times post-war years and the reader immediately fell in love with it, because it proved that in life there is always a place for heroic deeds.

Tinchurin Ramil Ildusovich

Project about wonderful works domestic authors about heroes of the same age who brought Victory Day closer in 1945

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Municipal educational institution

average comprehensive school Kobylkino village

Kamensky district

Contest creative works"Victory is far and near"

Nomination "Best Project"

Project “Children of War in Literature”

(based on works of domestic literature)

Introduction… ………………………………………………………………..3-6

Relevance of the chosen topic……………………………………..3-4
Hypothesis…………………………………………………………….4
Problem……………………………………………………………... 4
Project goal……………………………………………………….4
Tasks…………………………………………………………………………………5
Object of study…………………………………………………………...5
Research methods……………………………………………………………….. 5
Novelty of the project……………………………………………………...5
Practical significance……………………………………………………...5-6
Project product……………………………………………………..6

Main part

Chapter 1.

Analysis of works about the feat of young anti-fascist heroes.......... 6

1.1.Children of the siege.

(Based on the story by V. Dubrovin “Boys in the forty-first”).......... 6-7

Young scout.

(Based on the story “Ivan” by V. Bogomolov)……………………….. 7-8

Brave Yolka.

(Based on the story by S. Baruzdin “Her name is Yolka”)………………….. 8-9

Conclusion……………………………………………………………9-10

Chapter 2.

Studying the level of awareness of classmates about exploits

Young war heroes………………………………………………………………....

Survey results………………………………………………………… 10-11
Conclusion……………………………………………………….....11

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………..11
Bibliography…………………………………………………...11
Application ……………………………………………………………....13-14

Introduction

Their silhouettes are almost invisible
In marches their voice is not noticeable at all -

Children of the Great and Terrible War.
They may be heroes, but in essence they are children.
In May the birches are fresh and slender,
The sun shines equally for everyone...
A pure sacrifice for a dirty war -
Living children, dead children.

Sergey Afonin

Relevance of the selected topic

The problem of reading is recognized in modern world both national and state. The trend of declining interest in reading in Russia is an alarming phenomenon for a country in which reading has always been an extremely significant activity.

In order to maintain and improve reading competence

students, our class works together with parents on the project “ Family reading».

All 7th grade students read one work of fiction per week from the recommended list of works for the project.

This year marks the 72nd anniversary of Great Victory above itself terrible war humanity. In anticipation of this date, many activities are planned and carried out in our school and in the classroom: viewing documentaries, meeting with participants in military battles, poetry reading competitions and reading books about the war. The material about the Great Patriotic War was very interesting to me and my classmates.

We read a lot about the project interesting books about our peers and contemporaries. But it is no less important to know about the fates of those my peers who gave us a happy and bright future. The exploits of children in war deserve no less respect than the exploits of adults.The heroic history of our Fatherland, biographies of boys and girls in red ties, many of whom gave their lives for peace, happy childhood each of us should know today their current peers.

Discovering the heroic pages of literature, I became deeply interested in the feat of the brave “children of war.” This prompted me to take part in the creative work competition “Victory Far and Near.”

Hypothesis

The works of writers depict the truth about heroic fate my peers during the Great Patriotic War. Today's schoolchildren read few works about the war and do not know about the exploits of their peers.

Problem

For modern children and teenagers The Great Patriotic War is a distant history. Reading children's literature about the war will help us understand the importance of preserving the memory of current and future generations about the history of the Fatherland, and educate by example heroic deeds“children of war” a sense of patriotism and love for the Motherland.

Objective of the project

Expand your knowledge of the heroic past young participants Great Patriotic War, comprehend the origins of heroism, moral strength, devotion to the Motherland of little heroes by reading works of Russian literature. Find out whether my peers know about the exploits of young anti-fascist heroes.
Tasks:

Explore fiction on this topic.
Analyze the character and actions of the heroes, follow their fate.
Find out the similarities or differences in the reasons that prompted the little heroes to come out in defense of their homeland.
Reveal author's attitude to what is depicted.
Give your assessment of the works.
Find out what is known modern schoolchildren about young heroes of the Great Patriotic War.
Get your classmates interested in reading books about the war.

Object of study -works of art about the feat of my peers in the war:

Victor Dubrovin. The story "Boys in '41"
Vladimir Bogomolov. The story "Ivan".
Sergey Baruzdin. The story “Her name is Yolka.”

Research methods:

Analysis of fiction.
Comparative method.
Descriptive method.
Questioning.

Novelty of the project is that, by taking part in the “Family Reading” project and reading books about our peers, we are obliged to learn the names of our peers-liberators, who at the cost of their lives won Victory for the sake of our happy future. Now it is necessary to introduce the younger generation to reading works about the war.

Practical significance of the projectis that the results of my work can be used in lessons to discuss books on the Family Reading project, at a reading conference; An excerpt from O. Gromova’s story “Sugar Baby” was chosen for reading at the municipal stage of the reading competition “ Living classics" A list of works about the war will be recommended to my classmates for independent reading.

Project product

"About children-heroes."

II. Main part

Chapter 1. Analysis of works about the feat of young anti-fascist heroes.

Children of the siege.

(Based on the story “Boys in 1941” by Viktor Dubrovin)

This is a story about young Leningraders who remained in a blockaded city during the Great Patriotic War. Carefree and mischievous at the beginning of the story, the heroes go through great trials that forced them, perhaps, to grow up early, but not to lose heart.
The story is told on behalf of the boy Volodya. His sister Galya and dog Pirate were sent to the Urals along with his mother’s old friend. The rest of the family remained in Leningrad. He stayed right there best friend Volodya - Zhenya, who was a great inventor.
Autobiographical story about childhood in besieged Leningrad. Leningrad boys live their lives, make friends, quarrel, make peace, study... And suddenly war bursts into their lives. Of course, they want to beat the Nazis, fight for their city, for their Motherland, they imagine themselves as pilots, glorious heroes. For them, war is an exciting adventure; the boys do not yet suspect that it will bring hunger, cold, pain of loss, and their life will never be the same.

The story tells not only about the children of the blockade, but also about the fact that you always need to remain human, appreciate what you have, make real friends, admit your mistakes, be able to forgive and ask for forgiveness and never lose hope. Such books not only help to learn historical facts, but also cultivate respect for veterans and our history.

Young Scout

(Based on the story “Ivan” by Vladimir Bogomolov)

The main character of the story by V. O. Bogomolov is the boy Ivan. He is originally from Gomel. His father and sister died. Ivan had to go through a lot: he was in the partisans, and in Trostyanets - in the death camp.

And the hero made a decision - to take revenge on the enemy, to become useful to our army.

Ivan is still just a boy: he plays like his peers, collects knives, arms himself with binoculars, like a real commander. He would like to remain a child, but he is forced to look death in the face every day.

Ivan lives for a long time in German-occupied territory, walks through villages and towns and collects information for headquarters about the enemy’s strength and weapons. He sees everything, remembers everything. And the information he obtains is very valuable.

Reading about the boy's stay behind enemy lines, you understand that it is difficult and scary for him: he is alone, dangerous situations arise every day, and there is no one to ask for advice. What a courageous, strong-willed person you need to be - after all, you had to rely only on yourself. Even the brave Kholin, in a conversation with Galtsev, said: “Are you fighting for the third year?.. And I am the third... And in the eyes of death - like Ivan! - maybe we didn’t even look... There’s a battalion, a regiment, a whole army behind you... And he’s the only one - a Child!”

Kholin, Galtsev, Katasonych are Ivan’s adult friends partisan detachment. They treat him like a father, with tenderness, they are ready to do anything for him, because they understand how dangerous the work that the boy does for the army headquarters is.

Brave Yolka.

(Based on the story by Sergei Baruzdin “Her name is Yolka”)

The main character of S. Baruzdin’s story, Yolka, is 13 years old at the beginning of the work. She lives in a village near Moscow with beautiful name Earrings. At Yolka big family, the father was convicted of “attack on public property.” As the chairman of a collective farm, he distributed potatoes to people that had been caught by the frost. Yolka was expelled from the pioneers for this, but in spite of everything she wore a pioneer tie and wanted to join the Komsomol.

Time passed, and Yolka’s father was released from prison. But the war began. Yolka heard a message about the German attack on the country on the radio. All the men, including her father, were taken to the war. In the fall, they dug trenches and built defensive lines. Hundreds of enemy planes were flying towards Moscow, and at night the air shook with the roar of cars. Yolka’s entire native village was destroyed by German shells.

The war changed the girl. Instead of a cheerful, mischievous tomboy, she became “silent, withdrawn, as if she had been replaced. Not a smile. No glibness. And outwardly unrecognizable: a grimy face, a scarf pulled over her forehead, a tattered coat, high rubber boots. Hands are red, chapped, covered in pimples. It's from the water. Is this a Christmas tree? Christmas tree. Herringbone. Christmas tree... Is it her? She".

One day Yolka was called to headquarters. She was assigned a responsible task - to transmit information to the other side of the Nara. Yolka began to walk across the icy river to a foreign, now German, bank, and then returned back. Yolka’s father was the commander of the detachment, he was located in the neighboring forest and passed on through his daughter important information. The Nazis were preparing to cross the Nara River. The tree was supposed to convey the father’s words about the mining of the bridge over the Nara. She had to go through the Germans. She bravely walked several kilometers, but then she was grabbed and locked in a cellar. Then Yolka was taken out and forced to walk across the bridge. A column of German armored vehicles moved behind her. The girl bravely walked across the bridge, and when she reached the shore, a strong explosion was heard. She quickly ran to her people, because she needed to convey urgent information, her back and chest were burning. Then a German shell exploded near Yolka... The brave girl died. She was only fifteen years old. Her friend, Lenka, also did not return from the war; he was buried in a mass grave in distant Hungary.

Conclusion

Having read works of fiction about the exploits of my peers during the war, I would like to note that the writers each expressed their artistic view to what is happening.

After analyzing the images of the main characters, I noticed a lot in common between them. This is not accidental, since the fates of many “children of war” are similar. Before the war these were ordinaryboys and girls. But a harsh hour came - they showed how huge a child’s heart can become when a sacred love for the Motherland and hatred for enemies flares up in it.Little heroes great war everywhere they fought alongside their fathers and older brothers. At the forefront, on warships, in Brest Fortress, in the Kerch catacombs. These are lines from the history of our Motherland and the biographies of its little citizens - ordinary boys and girls.

The young heroes of the stories have an “iron” character, they equally hate the Nazis and take revenge for their relatives;value the title of pioneers,everyone dies the death of the brave, they are awarded posthumously high reward, the streets of our cities are named in their honor, schools and ships are named after them...

Books about war are like a monument to the dead. They solve one of the problems of education - they teach the younger generation love for the Motherland, perseverance in trials, and teach high morality using the example of their fathers and grandfathers. Their importance is increasingly increasing due to the enormous relevance of the topic of war and peace today.

Chapter 2. Studying the level of awareness of classmates about the exploits of young war heroes.

2.1. Survey results.

I decided to find out what my classmates knew about their peers who fought along with adults, what they generally knew about the war, about the children who were direct participants or witnesses of those terrible days. I decided to find out if my peers read literature about the war. Are they interested in this topic? To this end We conducted a survey in class. The guys were asked the following questions:
1. Do you read books about the Great Patriotic War?

Name a book about the war that particularly affected you strong impression.
Do you know war heroes, your peers?
Name the authors of works of fiction who wrote about the war.

After conducting a survey, we found out that my classmates know military literature not good enough. Only 2 people out of 19 (Kachaeva Alsou and Akzhigitova Sultaniya) read books about the war, 3 students know some of the pioneer war heroes; Only one reader could name a book about the war that caused a strong impression; 3 students named the authors of works of fiction about the war. And then I decided to eliminate these gaps in their knowledge and recommend that the children read books about young heroes. Conduct reader's conference with the aim of attracting attention to the book, forming a collective reader's opinion, instilling in children patriotic qualities, a sense of compassion and respect for people who survived the terrible years of war.

Conclusion

A study was conducted on the knowledge of 7th grade students about war, heroic deeds children showed that not all of my classmates are interested in war heroes. Unfortunately, the “heroes” of our time are fictional, virtual characters from the computer world. By participating in our family project, my classmates meet new characters.

The reading level of children is increasing.

I will try to satisfy the reading interest of my peers by offering them a list of works of fiction about the war.

III. Conclusion

Each of us learns about the war in different ways: someone heard the story of a veteran, someone watched a film, and someone read a book by a front-line writer...

The works of fiction I read about the feats of brave little heroes expanded my understanding of the war, returned me to the difficult but heroic events of the war years, helped me see these events through the eyes of my peers, and go through them with them. severe tests and know the joy of feat in the name of Victory. Books about the war written “hot on the heels” of events are a kind of bridge connecting generations. These books are important for us, because it is with their help that we can compile full picture war, including historical facts and everyday details. Force artistic word so great that it makes the past come to life, finds oneself in a terrible hell of inhuman suffering, helps one feel what befell the participants in the war. From the content of what I read, I extracted the main moral lesson: stories teach goodness, humanity, justice.

I will try to “reach the hearts” of my classmates, to interest them in war works, so that stories and stories about the war become their reference books

IV. Bibliography

1. Baruzdin S.A. Her name is Yolka: a story. - M.: Det.lit., 1985.

2. Brinsky A.P. The Girl from Maryina Roshcha: a war story. - M.: Det.lit., 1973.

3. Children of the wartime / Comp. E. Maksimova. - 2nd ed., additional - M.: Politizdat, 1988.

4. There's a war going on folk Poems about the Great Patriotic War/comp. N.I. Gorbachev. – M.: Det.lit., 2002.

5. Forever in people's memory. – M.: Young Guard, 1975.

6. Nadezhdina N.A. Partisan Lara: a story. – M.: Det.lit., 1988.

7. Pecherskaya A.N. Children-heroes of the Great Patriotic War: stories. - M.: Bustard-Plus, 2005.

8. Hour of courage: poems and stories. – M.: Publishing House Onyx, 2008.

Internet resources

1. Big digital library http://www.big-library.info/

V. Appendix

"About children heroes"

for middle aged children

Avramenko A.I. The story "Messengers from Captivity".
Baruzdin S.A. The story “Her name is Yolka.”
Bogomolov V.O. The story "Ivan".
Brinsky A.P. The story “The Girl from Maryina Roshcha.”
Vereiskaya E.N. The story "Three Girls".
Vishnev P.P. The story of "Yoongi".
Voronkova L.F. The story "Girl from the City".
Dubrovin V.B. The story "Boys in '41".
Zharikov A.D. Collection of stories "Young Partisans".
Ilyina E.Ya. The story "The Fourth Height".
Kassil L.A., Polyanovsky M.L. The story "Street of the Youngest Son".
Kataev V.P. The story "Son of the Regiment".
Korolkov Yu.M. Stories “Lenya Golikov”, “Marat Kazei”, “Valya Kotik”, “Zina Portnova”.
Kosmodemyanskaya L.T. The story of Zoya and Shura.
Krapivin V.P. The story "The Shadow of the Caravel".
Likhanov A.A. The stories “My General”, “Steep Mountains”, “Music”, “Wooden Horses”.
Nadezhdina N.A. The story "Partisan Lara".
Naidich M.Ya. The story “Overcoat for Growth.”
Suvorina E.I. The story "Vitya Korobkov".
Yakovlev Yu.Ya. The fairy tale “How Seryozha went to war”, the story “Girls from Vasilyevsky Island”.
Kozlov V. “Vitka from Chapaevskaya Street”
Rudny V. “Children of Captain Granin”
Sobolev A. “Quiet Fast”
Alekseev S. “Stories about war”
Balter B. “Goodbye, boys!”
Bogomolov V. “Zosya”
Mityaev A. “Letter from the front”

Story 1. Vitka

Vitka is a hot and heavy boy - like his father, silent - like his mother. Lived in Moscow. The father drank shamelessly, was rowdy and lived poorly with his mother. Sometimes, when he returns from work, you can hear him half the street away from home. Not just our own, but besides Vitka there was also Galka, a younger sister and older brother Tolik, but the neighbor’s kids from the yard were also molting. Don't fall under the drunken hand. The mother of the neighbors in the communal apartment was waiting for her husband to fall asleep. She endured it like a woman, as best she could. Children are common, after all. Galka fiercely hated her father for his cruelty to her and her mother - he beat both of them, the brothers perceived such a life as a normal state of affairs. Similar things were observed in neighboring families, although less frequently.
Every summer, my mother sent Vitka and Galka to the village of Verzilovo, near Kashira, to visit their grandfather and grandmother. At the beginning of July 1941, Vitka turned eleven. They knew that the war had begun, and my father had gone to the front. And at the beginning of August a funeral came for him: He died the death of the brave in an unequal battle with the fascist invaders. The grandmother, having learned about the grief, sat down to lament: “My orphans! The kids are unhappy." The brother and sister returned home and found the grandmother in tears:
- Grandma, what happened?! - they shouted out loud.
- Your dad is dead! My orphans! - Grandma cried.
- God bless! – Galka exhaled.
- Stupid! - the grandmother barked and slapped her on the back of the head.
Vitka silently climbed onto the stove. Fell asleep. And in the morning I woke up with a firm conviction: “We must take revenge for our father.” And he informed his sister about his decision. We agreed that he would leave the next evening, as soon as the grandparents fell asleep. At night, unnoticed, he will reach the railway station, which is eleven kilometers from the village, will board some military train, and then all that matters is getting to the front. And he will take revenge. At the same time, Vitka furiously clenched his fists.
The preparations have begun. In the afternoon I washed myself in a barrel, cut my nails, otherwise “how is it - a soldier’s dirty claws will tear his boots” - Galka suggested this. Vitka shaved his temples with his grandfather’s old penknife, this was for the sake of respectability, so that they would not be mistaken for a boy at the front. Jackdaw collected a bag: a crust of bread, a couple boiled eggs, lard clothes, sugar head. And as the old men fell asleep, she put a jug of milk on the table for the future warrior. Vitka did not approve of the milk. He demanded that he be cleared. Galka waved her apron at her father, as her mother used to do, but immediately pressed it to her eyes and burst into tears, as usual. She crossed herself as best she could. We said goodbye with a kiss. You're supposed to shout, but you can't do that - your grandparents will wake up. Put the bag on your shoulders and behind the door as a shadow. The jackdaw stood there and waved her white handkerchief into the darkness...
A day later, Vitka was removed from the train. I managed to drive about thirty kilometers from the station.
At home, the grandfather walked around the soft spot with a belt and buckle, saying:
- These are for my grandmother’s tears, these are for my sciatica, these are for Galka and for her bruises on her ass, these are for the mother who received a funeral for her husband. You are her helpers and joy in life, but what are you thinking, you bastard!
- Grandfather, why does Galka have bruises on his butt? – Vitka asked through tears not of pain, but of resentment at being caught.
- So, I asked her where you ran off to! Eh, stubborn girl, what an ass!
After the first failure, Vitka ran to the front three more times with the same outcome. Until I saw the Germans in my native village.

Story 2. Germans in the village

From mid-November, nearby shell explosions could be heard. Fascist planes flew by. They hit mainly in strategic places, in Kashira.
In the twentieth of November, a rumor spread through the village: “The Germans are coming, they’re already in Venyovo.” Venyovo is a town thirty kilometers from Verzilovo, where Vitka and Galka live. My mother and older brother are in Moscow at a military factory making shells for the front. And the younger ones at least help their grandparents. There is a lot to do in the village. All summer they dug bomb shelters and trenches. They worked in the fields, collecting hay and tying it into sheaves. They dug holes in which they hid bread, flour, cereals - millet, rye - everything that they received for their workdays and grew in their gardens. And as the Germans began to approach, grandfather and other villagers drove the livestock - sheep, pigs and cows to Kashira. Only they didn’t have time to drive the horses away. Grandfather Dimitri himself “hid” a herd of 30 heads in the forest.
Once Vitka and Galka were sitting with another child on the porch of the house. Suddenly a wedge comes along. I reached the porch, a man in an unfamiliar military uniform took out a pistol. The guys, as if on command, fell to the ground and covered their heads with their hands. At the same moment, enemy planes took off. The wedge man shot into the sky. A rocket launcher was in his hands. Apparently, he made it clear to the pilot that his people were here. The planes were flying towards Kashira. The tankman left. A powerful explosion of a bomb thrown from an airplane was heard nearby:
- Wow! The bomb has dropped! – the boys shouted, “let’s run and see what kind of funnel it turns out to be!”
Then Vitkina-Galkina’s grandmother, Anna Rodionovna, came running:
- Hey, what did you think?! - and drove everyone into a bomb shelter dug behind a neighboring garden.
There were about twenty people there. While waiting out the raid, the women agreed to arrange “ kindergarten" Away from sin, so that children don’t run around on their own and jump on unexploded mines and shells. We decided to take the children to one house every morning and leave everyone there under the supervision of the village teacher.
And a few days later the Germans came to the village. We were distributed to our homes. Grandma drove Vitka and Galka onto the stove, which stood in the middle of the hut, and pulled the curtain over them. Has entered A tall man in an officer's uniform.
- Is Rousseau a soldier? - He asked and went to the stove and pulled back the curtain.
From there, two pairs of eyes narrowed in hatred stared at him.
- There are Russo children here! - Vitka barked.
The grandmother hastily closed the curtain and stood between the officer and the stove with a belligerent look.
- I-I! Gut! - the officer said and left.
A few minutes later German soldiers entered the house. They brought in the hay and spread it throughout the house, then they stored all their weapons at the door and... went to bed.
Grandma Anna did not sleep that night. She was afraid to breathe. And I kept looking at the soldiers - that’s what they are, Germans, like ordinary people... And then he sees Vitka’s legs hanging from the stove. The boy quietly got down, went to the door, grabbed all the weapons and left the house. Anna could barely contain herself not to scream. She sneaked between the sleeping soldiers, slipped out the door, out of the house through the gate. Vitka, bending to the ground from the weight of the weapon, quickly walked towards the forest. Grandma ran after him. She caught up, grabbed him by the shoulders, and shook him:
- What are you doing?! After all, they will put everyone under a machine gun, they will not regret it, they will not look at them as “Russian children”! - she mimicked Vitka, grabbed the weapon from him and dragged him home. Vitka was ordered to stay outside.
The weapon was returned to its place. Anna woke up Galka, putting her finger to her lips and showing - be quiet, they say. They quickly got out and ran to the bomb shelter, where they sat for the next four days.
These days there were battles. Grandfather Dimitri remained in the house. German soldiers returned between actions and not all alive. They brought the dead with them, loaded them into a large car, and the car drove away.
One day my grandfather heard wild screams and looked out the window. A German soldier was carrying a wounded man. He had a huge wound on his head. Blood left a black stream behind the people. The soldier brought the wounded man to the “corpse wagon,” threw him inside and shot. The screams stopped.
On the fourth day after the battle, two German soldiers returned without an officer. Grandfather Dimitri watched them from the stove. They washed, sat down at the table, took out biscuits and some canned food. Then a hefty fellow, blond and red-cheeked, entered the hut. In the village they said that he was Finnish by nationality. The fascist pulled the grandfather by the collar from the oven and began to shout, showing with his hands that he needed round bread. Grandfather throws up his hands, saying, there is nothing. He pulled out a revolver and put it to his grandfather's head. At that moment a German officer entered the hut. Realizing what was going on, the officer let out a long tirade in his own language and swung at the Finn. The soldier flew out of the house like a bullet. And the grandfather climbed back onto the stove.
On the fifth day, Soviet soldiers entered the village. But for a long time, villagers watched the Katyusha salvos and heard explosions. The Germans were never seen again. But the whole war was still ahead.

Story 3. The whole war is ahead

After the German part left the village, people gradually came out of the air-raid shelters. They saw something terrible. No, the houses stood still, the villagers, even those who were not hiding, were alive, but former fields turned into one continuous pit of craters. The suffocating smell of death hung in the air. The ground was littered with shells and rotting corpses of soldiers. Soviet soldiers.
On Bugre, at the highest point of the village, residents staged mass grave. Someone said that three of “ours” tried to knock out a German machine gunner from Bugr, who had settled there the day before the capture of the village. Two soldiers were killed on the approaches by machine-gun fire. Only the third managed to get to the height from the forest, but he also died. He shot at the fascist while receiving bullets in himself. All three were buried there. The monument was built. They died defending every village, every house...
The women brought domestic animals that had survived the bombing from Kashira and restored the destroyed barns and stables. Gradually they began to return to normal life.
The surrounding area was “infected” with iron disease. There were weapons lying around everywhere, which the village boys were very interested in. Everyone wanted to know what it consisted of and how it worked. Unexploded shells and mines posed a particular danger. To prevent misfortunes, villagers sent their children and grandchildren to a “kindergarten” during work. But…
This happened in the spring, when the sun was shining, when the trees and bushes turned green, and the first grass began to emerge, hiding the bloody horror of the earth. The fields had to be leveled and plowed for sowing. The oldest children, who were already eleven to twelve years old, were taken from the “kindergarten” to do field work. Three friends - Vitka, Zhenka and Kolka were walking behind horses with a plow when a whole mine was discovered on the way. Curiosity took precedence over caution. The boys pulled the mine out of the ground and tried to dismantle it. It didn't work out. Then they dragged her into the barn while the adults weren’t looking. Zhenya, the eldest of all, suggested:
- Let’s hit it with a stone to open this lid. But here's the thing, if there's an explosion, you fall. And I’ll run to the “kindergarten” for help.
And so they did. They hit the mine with a stone. There was a deafening explosion. Vitka and Kolka fell to the ground, and Zhenya ran...
The next day Zhenya and Kolya were buried. Vitka was wounded in his hand and survived.

Publishing house “CompassGuide”

Age 12+

Soviet writer Stanislav Olefir was 2 years old when the war began. In their storiesZakh he writes about his childhood in a small village occupied by the Germans and after liberation.This is a book not only about war, cruelty and hunger, but also about amazing people living next to the hero.

Ella Fonyakova, “Bread of That Winter”

Publishing house “Rech”

Age 6+

Ella Fonyakova, like her heroine Lenochka, was 7 years old during the first winter of the siege. In this autobiographical book, the writer describes the life of a family in Leningrad surrounded by the Germans. On behalf of pfirst-grader Lenochka talks about her children's world: joys and pranks, games, friendship. And it’s even more terrible that air raids, hunger and death burst into this quiet world.

Gennady Cherkashin, “Doll”

Publishing house “Rech”

Age 6+

A girl and her mother return home to Leningrad from evacuation. My mother’s parents remained in the besieged city and did not survive. Their apartment is occupied by another family, and all their belongings have been sold.

Once upon a time in a shop window thrift store The girl sees her doll Mashenka, a gift from her deceased grandfather. Every day the girl comes to her doll, reads books to it, and her mother saves money to buy her daughter’s favorite toy back.

There is no description of cruelty and violence in the story; Gennady Cherkashin hardly writes about the terrible realities of that time, so the book may become the first work about war in a child’s life.

Eduard Verkin, “Cloud Regiment”

Publishing house “CompassGuide”

Age 14+

Writer Eduard Verkin was born 30 years after the end of the war, but his novel about the life of teenage partisans took first place in the Kniguru children's book competition.

This modern novel about pioneer heroes, children whom the war found at school. A group of boys become partisans, they fight in forests and swamps, come under fire and face death for the first time.

Peter van Gestel, “Winter when I grew up”

Publishing house “Samokat”

Age 12+

The novel by Dutch writer Peter van Gestel takes place immediately after the war, in 1947. Ten year old boy Thomas appears new friend Pete. Everything about him is unusual: Pete has no parents and he lives with his aunt Yos. Over time, Thomas learns that all of his new friend's relatives died in the camps. Thanks to Pete and his sister Beth, Thomas finds out the terrible truth about the persecution of Jews, yellow stars and concentration camps.

Yuri German, “That's how it was”

Publishing house “Rech”

Age 6+

Another autobiographical work about Leningrad during the war.

The book is written from the perspective of first-grader Misha, who talks about the blockade, famine, bombing, and the heroism of his parents. In the eyes of a child, everything doesn’t look so scary.

Thanks to simple language and a “childish” view of what is happening, the book can be read by preschoolers and students primary school.

Judith Kerr, “How Hitler Stole the Pink Rabbit”

Publishing house “White Crow”

For middle and older children

Nine-year-old Anna lives ordinary life German schoolgirl, but one day her life changes. Fearing persecution by the Nazis, Anna's family flees their native Berlin, first to Switzerland, then to France and England. The girl leaves her home, her friends and even her beloved pink rabbit. But despite the descriptions of the hardships of life for refugees, the book a happy ending– after all, the girl’s family remained together.

The events that the writer talks about are familiar to her not only from books: Judith Kerr’s family also fled from Germany in the 30s.

John Boyne, "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas"

Publishing house “Phantom Press”

The father of nine-year-old Bruno is transferred to new job, and with him the family moves to Poland. In the new city, the boy is bored and has no one to play with, so he decides to go to the settlement, which he sees from the window, where all the people wear striped pajamas.

Bruno is naive and does not understand that this strange place is the Auschwitz concentration camp, and his father is its commandant. On the other side of the bars he finds a new friend, Jewish boy Shmuel.

Olga Kolpakova, “Wormwood Tree”

Publishing house “CompassGuide”

Age 12+

Little Mariyhe, her sisters, mother and aunt are Russian Germans. When the war starts, all of them peaceful life turns over. The girl's father goes to the front, and Mariykha has to leave her home and go to Siberia with her family. In simple terms the writer talks about the difficult road, hunger, poverty and the hardships of war. And also about friendship and love, and about the wormwood tree with dough toys, which the relatives build for the girl and her sisters on their first Christmas in exile.

The story is based on the stories of the matured Mariikhe.

Elena Ilyina, “The Fourth Height”

Publishing house AST

For middle school age

Everyone knew this book by the writer Elena Ilyina Soviet schoolboy. This is a story about a real-life girl, Gula Koroleva, about her childhood and youth, independence, courage, temper and ability to admit her mistakes. About how the girl tried to escape to Spain, acted in films - and about how she left her newborn child in evacuation, went to the front and died heroically when she was only 20 years old.

Oh, war, what have you done, vile one:

our yards have become quiet,

our boys raised their heads -

they have matured for the time being,

barely loomed on the threshold

and they left, following the soldier - the soldier...

Goodbye boys!

boys,

No, don't hide, be tall

spare neither bullets nor grenades

and don’t spare yourself,

And still

try to go back.
Bulat Okudzhava

Voronkova L.F. Girl from the city
The story “The Girl from the City,” written in the harsh year of 1943, still touches the hearts of children and adults. All the best in a person is most clearly manifested in years of difficult trials. This is confirmed by the story of the little refugee Valentinka, who found herself among strangers in an unfamiliar village.
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Gaidar A.P. The Tale of the Military Secret, of Malchish-Kibalchish and his firm word
A heroic tale by a wonderful children's writer. Malchish-Kibalchish embodies all the best features of our boys who dream of accomplishing a real feat in the name of the Motherland.
The presence of this work in the list dedicated to the Great Patriotic War is controversial, because it refers to Civil War(1918-1921), the enemies are “bourgeois”, not fascists... But this is a fairy tale-parable! About perseverance, loyalty, courage...
“Trouble came from where we didn’t expect it. The damned Bourgeois attacked from behind the Black Mountains. Again bullets are whistling, again shells are exploding. Our troops are fighting the bourgeois, and messengers are rushing to call for help from the distant Red Army...”
The Great Victory would not have been won if there had not been such big and small heroes. Didn’t the fate of the pioneer heroes repeat the fate of Malchish-Kibalchish?
The text by A. Gaidar in the proposed source is accompanied by drawings by V. Losin.
If you remember the film "The Tale of Malchish-Kibalchish", which older generation watched as a child, it reproduces a direct parallel with the Great Patriotic War, that’s how I remember this fairy tale...
So, read and judge for yourself!
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Kassil L. Street of the youngest son
The story of the life and death of the young partisan Volodya Dubinin- hero of the Great Patriotic War.
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Kataev V. Son of the regiment
The orphan boy Vanya Solntsev, by the will of fate, ended up in a military unit with intelligence officers. His stubborn character, pure soul and boyish courage were able to overcome the resistance of harsh military people and helped him stay at the front, becoming the son of the regiment.
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Mikhalkov S. True story for children
Despite the well-known ideological orientation, “Facts for Children” - good work about the war, capable of conveying to modern children what our country suffered during that terrible time. The poem covers the events of 1941 - 1945. This resource represents scanned pages books (Children's literature, M., 1969) with drawings by N. Kochergin.
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Oseeva V.A. Vasek Trubachev and his comrades
The heroes of the trilogy “Vasyok Trubachev and his comrades” lived, studied, played pranks, made friends and quarreled several decades ago, but it’s even more interesting to take a trip in a “time machine” and look into their world. But the cloudless time of childhood for Trubachev and his friends turned out to be too short: it was cut short by the Great Patriotic War.
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Paustovsky K. G. The adventures of the rhinoceros beetle
The soldier carried with him in his traveling bag a rhinoceros beetle, which his son gave him as a souvenir before leaving for the front. This beetle became a good comrade for the soldier in military life. They went through a lot together, they both have a lot to remember.
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Platonov A. Nikita
The story is named after the main character - little boy Nikita. The writer Andrei Platonov was one of those who forever remembered what kind of person he was as a child - and not everyone remembers this. Probably, Platonov was never told as a child: you are not mature enough yet, this is not for you. That’s why he tells us about little people, but respects them as big ones. And they also respect themselves in his stories, they even see that they, perhaps, are the most important on earth...
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Platonov A. Flower on Earth
The world is wide, it contains a lot of interesting things. Small man makes discoveries every day. The hero of the story “Flower on the Earth” suddenly looked at an ordinary flower with completely different eyes. The grandfather helped his grandson to see the holy worker in the flower.
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Simonov K. Son of an artilleryman
K. Simonov's ballad is based on real events. The poetic story about Major Deev and Lyonka is remembered from the first reading, it is written so simply, clearly and impressively.
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Yakovlev Yu. Girls from Vasilyevsky Island
Yuri Yakovlev in his stories reveals to children the whole truth of life as it is, without hiding from solving problems behind the external fascination of the plot. Book “Girls from Vasilievsky Island” is a story about little Tanya Savicheva, who died of hunger, written based on her surviving notes. (Go to the next section (grades 5-7)