Essay I knew a wonderful writer, her name was Tamara. Based on the text by F.A. Vigdorova “I knew a wonderful writer

Was it Kolya who wanted us to be seated? - Valya asked after a few steps.

What was my answer? I realized that I couldn’t answer the truth, and said cowardly:

Why do you think so?

The guys teased us. Well, there are “bride and groom”... I say: “Come to my birthday party.” And he says: “I won’t come.” And he didn’t come to us. And we don’t do homework together anymore. That's it guys! The teasing hurt. He was afraid.

What are you doing! Is Kolya afraid of anyone?

“And then I got scared,” Valya repeated stubbornly.

...She was right. This long-ago incident left such a deep imprint in my memory because for the first time I thought about many important things.

What is courage? What is courage? Mental independence? Directness? Why did all these questions arise in me then, on such a trivial matter? Just think, what a disaster: an eleven-year-old boy is embarrassed to sit with a girl! The guys pester you, tease you - you’ll feel shy here!

No, the reason is not trivial. Kolya, who really was not afraid of anything - neither heights, nor darkness, nor pain, nor his father's belt - was afraid of the guys. I was not afraid of beatings, not of pain - I was afraid of the word. And he was also afraid of Vali. He did not dare to admit his fear to her; he preferred that someone else, say, a teacher, take responsibility for his defection. Apostasy? Again a word that does not apply to the point. What kind of apostasy is this? The boy is only eleven years old... If I had been smarter then, if I had known life better, I would have told Kolya something like this:

“Are you giving up your friendship with Valya? Why are you standing then? After all, this is cowardice, betrayal. We will be good if we begin to abandon our friends, just so that we can live more peacefully! No, if now, during your school years, you don’t learn to value friendship, take care of it and defend it, then it will be difficult to become a faithful, reliable comrade.”

Or maybe there was no need to make long speeches. Perhaps this idea should have been conveyed to the boy’s consciousness in some other way. But it was necessary, absolutely necessary, for him to understand: courage is not only about walking along the ledge of the third floor. And not even just about rushing into a snowstorm to look for a child...

A few years later, when I was already teaching in high school, I was at a Komsomol meeting, which I remembered for a long time.

One young man was accepted into the Komsomol. Eighth-grader Sonya Rubleva stood up and said:

I'm against. He beats the kids and mocks them. I've told him to stop many times, but he doesn't listen. What kind of person is he if he beats the defenseless?

What kind of person are you if you tell lies? - someone shouted.

What started here! The young man who submitted the application was simply forgotten. The flames of argument spread from corner to corner, it raged, engulfing the entire class. Everyone shouted, and I no longer tried to restore order.

Why is she a sneak? Why, I ask you? If she hadn’t said it in front of everyone, then she would have been a sneak!

If you see meanness and remain silent, this is cowardice!

I want to say... In your opinion, Sonya is a sneak. Okay, let's imagine such a case. You're going to be a writer, you have to have imagination. Imagine: you have already graduated from the literary institute and are working in some editorial office. And there they promote to some high position a person whom you know is a careerist, a sycophant. Are you really going to sit and be silent? No, you answer! And if you remain silent, you will be a coward, you know that! And Sonya is a brave person.

There was laughter in the class, and the boy who was defending Sonya apparently immediately understood why everyone was laughing.

Yes, a brave person, and it doesn’t matter that she’s afraid of mice, and I don’t care that she saw the mouse and jumped up on the desk. She's still brave! This is my word, and you will not convince me!

Courage... Courage... What clear, firm, what excellent words! And is it really possible to argue about what they mean?

Apparently it is possible.

I knew a person, a wonderful writer - her name was Tamara Grigorievna Gabbe. She told me once:

There are many challenges in life. You can't list them. But here are three, they occur often. The first is the test of need. The second is prosperity, glory. And the third test is fear. And not only with the fear that a person recognizes in war, but with the fear that overtakes him in ordinary, peaceful life...

What kind of fear is this that does not threaten either death or injury? Isn't he a fiction? No, it's not fiction. Fear has many faces, and sometimes it affects the fearless.

“It’s an amazing thing,” wrote the Decembrist poet Ryleev, “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.”

More than a hundred years have passed since these words were written. But there are persistent diseases of the soul.

...The man went through the war as a hero. He went on reconnaissance missions, where every step threatened him with death. He fought in the air and under water, he did not run from danger, he fearlessly walked towards it. And now the war is over, the man returned home. To my family, to my peaceful work. He worked as well as he fought: with passion, giving all his strength, not sparing his health. But when, due to the libel of a slanderer, his friend, a man whom he knew as himself, of whose innocence he was convinced as his own, was removed from work, he did not stand up. He, who was not afraid of bullets or tanks, was scared. He was not afraid of death on the battlefield, but was afraid to say a word in favor of justice.

...The boy broke the glass.

Who did it? - asks the teacher.

The boy is silent. He is not afraid to ski down the most dizzying mountain. He is not afraid to cross an unfamiliar river full of treacherous sinkholes. But he is afraid to say: “I broke the glass.”

What is he afraid of? After all, flying from a mountain, he can break his neck. Swimming across the river, you can drown. The words “I did it” do not threaten him with death. Why is he afraid to say them?

...Among the many letters that arrive daily at the editorial office of a newspaper or magazine, an experienced journalist will immediately notice one or two that are somehow different from all the others. Sometimes such letters are written in block letters. Sometimes - in handwriting that is clearly altered: the letters are crooked and at random, it is clear that the person tried very hard to write differently than usual. These letters are anonymous. Without a signature. The one who writes them does not want to be recognized. Sometimes these letters are slanderous, dirty, there is anger in them, but there is no truth. But sometimes anonymous letters, letters without a signature, cry out for help. They are written by people who are afraid. These people want to restore justice, protect an honest person, punish a scoundrel, but they are afraid to do it out loud, directly, openly. They want to remain not even in the shadows, but in obscurity.

“In our technical school,” one letter said, “you cannot utter a word of truth. Whatever the director says, we must listen obediently and remain silent. The other day, Tolya Klimenko, our classmate, told the director that the graduating class should be exempt from working on a farm, and the director deprived him of his scholarship for this. Tolin’s father died at the front, his mother died, no one helps him, and without a scholarship he cannot graduate from college. Dear editors, help us."

The correspondent never found out who wrote this letter. He talked with thirty students - Klimenko's classmates. Each of them was vehemently indignant at the director’s action; each of them could have been the author of this letter. But not one of the thirty had the courage to express their opinion to the director.

"Why me?"

“What do I need more than anyone else?” - this is how Kolya’s classmates answered.

Nobody wanted to quarrel with the director. It's troublesome. You will be reprimanded, or you may even lose your scholarship.

It’s somehow scary for one,” said Sergei N.

But there were thirty of them! And, apparently, they wrote this letter all together. And everyone, as one, disagreed with the director. And everyone, as one, remained silent. They are honest guys and good comrades, they sincerely wanted to restore justice. But they wanted someone else to do it for them.

Here's another letter.

“Dear editors!

How to write an essay in the Unified State Exam format in the Russian language?

Task formulation:

Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read (open), which, in your opinion, are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Give reasons for your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations.
(the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

What you need to know:

Structure of an essay-reasoning for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language:

Clichés for writing the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

These clichés are intended only to help you formulate your thoughts and maintain the logic of construction. It is not at all necessary to use these exact phrases. The Unified State Exam essay may look more creative; a prerequisite is compliance with the above structure, since it reflects the criteria by which the examinee will be assessed.

Unified State Exam sample essay

(1) I knew a wonderful writer. (2) Her name was Tamara Grigorievna Gabbe. (3) She told me once:
- There are many challenges in life. (4) You can’t list them. (5) But here are three, they occur often. (6) The first is the test of need. (7) Second - prosperity, glory. (8) And the third test is fear. (9) And not only with the fear that a person recognizes in war, but with the fear that overtakes him in ordinary, peaceful life.
(10) What kind of fear is this that does not threaten either death or injury? (11) Isn’t he a fiction? (12) No, it’s not fiction. (13) Fear has many faces, sometimes it affects the fearless.
(14) “It’s an amazing thing,” wrote the Decembrist poet Ryleev, “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.”
(15) Many years have passed since these words were written, but there are persistent illnesses of the soul.
(16) The man went through the war as a hero. (17) He went on reconnaissance, where every step threatened him with death. (18) He fought in the air and under water, he did not run from danger, he fearlessly walked towards it. (19) And now the war is over, the man returned home. (20) To my family, to my peaceful work. (21) He worked as well as he fought: with passion, giving all his strength, not sparing his health. (22) But when, due to the libel of a slanderer, his friend, a man whom he knew as himself, of whose innocence he was convinced as his own, was removed from work, he did not stand up. (23) He, who was not afraid of bullets or tanks, was scared. (24) He was not afraid of death on the battlefield, but was afraid to say a word in favor of justice.
(25) The boy broke the glass.
- (26) Who did this? - asks the teacher.
(27) The boy is silent. (28) He is not afraid to ski down the most dizzying mountain. (29) He is not afraid to swim across an unfamiliar river full of treacherous funnels. (30) But he is afraid to say: “I broke the glass.”
(31) What is he afraid of? (32) After all, flying from the mountain, he can break his neck. (33) Swimming across the river, you can drown. (34) The words “I did it” do not threaten him with death. (35) Why is he afraid to say them?
(36) I heard a very brave man who went through the war once say: “It was scary, very scary.”
(37) He spoke the truth: he was scared. (38) But he knew how to overcome his fear and did what his duty told him to do: he fought.
(39) In peaceful life, of course, it can also be scary.
(40) I’ll tell the truth, but they’ll expel me from school for it... (41) If I tell the truth, they’ll fire me from my job... (42) I’d rather remain silent.
(43) There are many proverbs in the world that justify silence, and perhaps the most expressive: “My hut is on the edge.” (44) But there are no huts that would be on the edge.
(45) We are all responsible for what is happening around us. (46) Responsible for all the bad and all the good. (47) And one should not think that a real test comes to a person only in some special, fatal moments: in war, during some kind of catastrophe. (48) No, not only in exceptional circumstances, not only in the hour of mortal danger, human courage is tested under a bullet. (49) It is tested constantly, in the most ordinary everyday affairs.
(50) There is only one courage. (51) It requires that a person always be able to overcome the monkey within himself: in battle, on the street, at a meeting. (52) After all, the word “courage” does not have a plural form. (53) It is the same in any conditions.

(According to F.A. Vigdorova*)

Transcript

1 Example of an essay [Unified State Examination in the Russian language] based on the text by F.A. Vigdorova What is cowardice? Self-preservation instinct or vice? What feelings does a person experience who has deviated from generally accepted moral norms and committed an act of which he is ashamed in the future? It is these questions that F.A. Vigdorova ponders. The author raises the problem of cowardice in his text. The writer illustrates the relevance of this problem. To do this, she quotes the Decembrist poet Ryleev, who wrote that “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.” The author is surprised how many actions people sometimes fail to commit precisely under the influence of momentary cowardice. Examples of such behavior are contained in the sentences of the text. The worst thing, according to the journalist, is to experience cowardice and betrayal in everyday life. A broken window, the accidental loss of something, or a perceived injustice. How scary it is sometimes to make a confession about even a minor offense! The author believes that cowardice can only be countered by courage. You need to learn to take responsibility for your actions, and for this you need to “always overcome the monkey within you.” It is impossible not to agree with the opinion of F. Vigdorova. To make a truthful confession, you need to be a brave and strong person. We are well aware of examples from the story

2 A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”. Shvabrin, throughout almost the entire work, commits cowardly acts: he lies, dodges, becomes a traitor, caring only about his own good. Pyotr Grinev, on the contrary, maintains dignity in any circumstances. So, the main character, risking his life, declares that he will not swear allegiance to Pugachev. We see another evidence of cowardice in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". Grushnitsky, shooting with Pechorin, knew perfectly well that the latter did not have a loaded pistol, but, nevertheless, he shot at a practically unarmed man. Fate cruelly punished the meanness of the young man killed in this duel. Perhaps Lermontov wanted to express his position on this issue in this way. Cowardice is the quality of a scoundrel, unworthy to live. Cowardice and betrayal always went hand in hand. I believe that we cannot be cowardly without committing betrayal towards those around us. Perhaps someone justifies their cowardice, but the mental trauma, the pain from the cowardly behavior of friends or those whom we considered friends, will be quite strong and will remain in the soul for a long time. Cowardice, and after it betrayal, not only destroys relationships between people, but also destroys the person himself. And Frida Abramovna Vigdorova is a thousand times right when she asserts in the final lines of the text that there is only one courage. It has no plural, while cowardice has many faces. Teacher's comment: An essay about cowardice and betrayal is easy to write for an adult. Based on your life experience, it is easier to distinguish between good and evil. How can a schoolchild who has only a short period of life behind him, and still has everything ahead, cope with this? How to find in the text the problem that he will write about?

3 You can determine the topic by asking: what is the text about? And highlight the problem that you will discuss. She must be alone. Several of them may be reflected in the text. In the control version, the author clearly calls things by their proper names, so there cannot be any difficulties with choosing definitions. We can advise you this: decide that you will discuss cowardice and betrayal or courage. When you work on your essay, don't be shy about writing emotionally. Let your emotional impulses be reflected on paper. Because it is impossible to write about cowardice and betrayal in dry language. But don’t get carried away with excessive expression, don’t use big words. The essay is not a letter to your best friend, but a journalistic document. If you can't focus on examples from life, remember the literature. You can find many examples on this topic in works of art. And be sure to make a plan, determine in what sequence you will write. Source text for writing an essay: (1) I knew a wonderful writer. (2) Her name was Tamara Grigorievna Gabbe. (3) She once told me: There are many trials in life. (4) You can’t list them. (5) But here are three, they occur often. (6) The first test of need. (7) The second is prosperity, glory. (8) And the third test is fear. (9) And not only with the fear that a person recognizes in war, but with the fear that overtakes him in ordinary, peaceful life. (10) What kind of fear is this that does not threaten either death or injury? (11) Isn’t he a fiction? (12) No, it’s not fiction. (13) Fear has many faces, sometimes it affects the fearless. (14) “It’s an amazing thing,” wrote the Decembrist poet Ryleev, “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in

4 the benefit of justice." (15) Many years have passed since these words were written, but there are persistent illnesses of the soul. (16) The man went through the war as a hero. (17) He went on reconnaissance, where every step threatened him with death. (18) He fought in the air and under water, he did not run from danger, he fearlessly walked towards it. (19) And now the war is over, the man returned home. (20) To my family, to my peaceful work. (21) He worked as well as he fought: with passion, giving all his strength, not sparing his health. (22) But when, due to the libel of a slanderer, his friend, a man whom he knew as himself, of whose innocence he was convinced as his own, was removed from work, he did not stand up. (23) He, who was not afraid of bullets or tanks, was scared. (24) He was not afraid of death on the battlefield, but was afraid to say a word in favor of justice. (25) The boy broke the glass. (26)Who did this? asks the teacher. (27) The boy is silent. (28) He is not afraid to ski down the most dizzying mountain. (29) He is not afraid to swim across an unfamiliar river full of treacherous funnels. (30) But he is afraid to say: “I broke the glass.” (31) What is he afraid of? (32) Flying down the mountain, he can break his neck. (33) Swimming across the river, you can drown. (34) The words “I did it” do not threaten him with death. (35) Why is he afraid to say them? (36) I heard a very brave man who went through the war once say: “It was scary, very scary.” (37) He spoke the truth: he was scared. (38) But he knew how to overcome his fear and did what his duty told him to do: he fought. (39) In peaceful life, of course, it can also be scary.

5 (40) I’ll tell the truth, but I’ll be expelled from school for it (41) If I tell the truth, I’ll be fired from my job (42) I’d rather remain silent. (43) There are many proverbs in the world that justify silence, and perhaps the most expressive: “My hut is on the edge.” (44) But there are no huts that would be on the edge. (45) We are all responsible for what is happening around us. (46) Responsible for all the bad and all the good. (47) And one should not think that a real test comes to a person only in some special, fatal moments: in war, during some kind of catastrophe. (48) No, not only in exceptional circumstances, not only in the hour of mortal danger, human courage is tested under a bullet. (49) It is tested constantly, in the most ordinary everyday affairs. (50) There is only one courage. (51) It requires that a person always be able to overcome the monkey within himself: in battle, on the street, at a meeting. (52) After all, the word “courage” does not have a plural form. (53) It is the same in any conditions. (According to F.A. Vigdorova *) * Frida Abramovna Vigdorova () Soviet writer, journalist. (From the Open Bank of FIPI) The material was prepared by Dovgomelya Larisa Gennadievna Example of the final essay in the direction of “Love”: “Everything

6 moves with love" Mandelstam) (O. E. Love. How many associations this word gives rise to. It is she who stands at the head of all human achievements, encourages great deeds, revives life, changes the course of history. This is stated in the poem by Osip Mandelstam " Insomnia", the lines from which are included in the title. I completely agree with him. The poet, trying to sleep, rereads Homer's Iliad and comes to deep thoughts that the Trojan War was unleashed not by human ambitions, but by Paris's love for the beautiful Helen. This The same feeling is driven by Menelaus, gathering an army to rescue his beautiful wife from Ilion. Odysseus, another hero of the Homeric epic, overcomes all obstacles to meet his beloved Penelope and the son whom he only once held in his arms. In tune with Mandelstam, I. S. Turgenev In one of his prose poems the phrase is heard: “Only love holds and moves life." Turgenev proves this in almost every work of his. His heroes undergo the test of love, as a result of which their worldview and life change. Bazarov, the character in the novel “Fathers and Sons,” successfully passes this test. At the very beginning of the work, Evgeny Bazarov is a man who denies everything and everyone, he considers love almost a disease,

7 calls her “stupidity.” His views on life change after meeting the widow Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. Bazarov did not immediately accept the all-consuming feeling, he rejected it, but gradually his attitude towards love changes, he admits to Odintsova that he has sincere sympathy for her. She rejects Bazarov because she is not ready for self-sacrifice for the sake of another person. A radical change in Evgeniy’s beliefs occurs on the threshold of death: realizing that he is dying, he sends for Anna Sergeevna, forgives her and asks not to abandon his parents. Thus, we observe how love changes a personality and moves it towards perfection. Bazarov became the ideal that Turgenev was looking for in his novels. And what about the literature of the 20th century? Maybe the attitude of writers towards love has changed? What role do they attribute to her? For example, let's take Remarque's novel “Three Comrades.” It talks about the "lost generation" of people who survived the First World War, trying to live again in peacetime. Their souls are scorched by the war. The main character, Robert Lokamp, ​​is helped to be reborn by his love for the aristocrat Patricia. Only this bright feeling filled his life with meaning, he stopped “living for the sake of living.” Their meeting with Patricia took place in celebration of the hero’s birthday, which symbolizes the beginning of a new life, “rebirth from the ashes.” What gave the impetus? Love. Unfortunately, Patricia died of tuberculosis, but her real feeling for Lokamp helped her go to another world happy. Love has accompanied humanity throughout the centuries. The world is not static, and the main thing that guides people when they change themselves and change the circumstances of life is love.

8 Pedagogical commentary. This essay belongs to the “Love” block. To write a good essay on this topic, you need to correctly select literary material. You should be guided by the following criterion: the work must reflect exactly how love contributes to changing the lives of the heroes and influences the development of their personality. Try to include works of literature from different eras as evidence. For example, in the essay written above, an ancient Greek epic appears, a work of literature of the 19th and 20th centuries is given. This will add a plus to your essay, because... The examiner will see that you know a variety of literature, and not just works of a certain era. The choice of the novel “Three Comrades” by Remarque is not accidental. As a rule, it remains outside the scope of the school literature course. This gives reason to believe that the examinee reads the classics outside the syllabus and has his own personal literary taste. Alternatively, we can offer the following works to explore this topic: I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov” (having fallen in love with Olga Ilyinskaya, Oblomov changes, begins to be interested in those around him,

9 comes out of his “shell”); A classic example is the novel by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” (both main characters, Onegin and Tatyana, change after falling in love); The story of B. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet” (the feat of the anti-aircraft gunner girls was driven by love for the Motherland, children and loved ones) M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” (Margarita’s love saves the Master from madness and brings him back to life) M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil” "(The legend of Danko, who sacrificed his heart, lighting the way for people) Try to show that you know the source included in the title of the topic. Please note that at the beginning of our essay several lines are written about O. Mandelstam’s poem “Insomnia”. Include quotes in your essay, learn a few lines for each block, this will bring the story to life. As you can see, we managed to introduce a quote from I. S. Turgenev into the essay. Love is a very broad topic, do not deviate from the course: you need to write about the fact that love moves people and circumstances, it is guided in decision-making. In addition, you can write about parental love, love for the Motherland and neighbors. But don’t try to cover all these aspects in one essay, stop at just one. Good luck with your essay! "The Station Agent"

10 A.S. Pushkin: a brief retelling Station guards have always been the object of complaints, anger and curses. But if you put yourself in their place, then they are not so to blame. People who are tired from the road come to them from all over the world. And who else but them do these people take out their anger on? Especially if upon arrival there were no horses, or the caretaker gave them to the official who had just arrived. I traveled all over the country and knew many of the caretakers. Some became my friends. Listening to their stories is much more interesting than listening to some 6th grade official. In May 1816, when I was traveling through one province, I was caught in heavy rain. He stayed at the house of the station superintendent Samson Vyrin. There I saw his beautiful daughter named Dunya. Her beauty amazed me. A 14-year-old girl poured us tea and we chatted amicably. When I was leaving, I stopped in the hallway and kissed Dunya. I remember this kiss for a long time. Unfortunately, only three years later I had the opportunity to visit this place again. The house was unrecognizable, everything was neglected, the stationmaster had noticeably aged and did not get out of bed. Samson Vyrin told me a story about how he lost his daughter.

11 One day a hussar arrived at the station. There were no horses, and the hussar wanted to raise his voice, but then Dunya appeared, and the hussar spoke differently. While the horses were being prepared, the hussar suddenly became ill, and he stayed with the caretaker for 2 days. During this time, he became friends with the old man and Dunya. When it was time to leave, he offered to take Dunya to the church. The girl doubted, but the stationmaster said that she was not in danger. Dunya got into the wagon and drove off with the hussar. Afterwards the old man looked for her, but did not find her either in the church or at the next station. Fortunately, he knew that Hussar Minsky was heading to St. Petersburg. Seizing the opportunity, Dunya’s father took a vacation for 2 months and went to the city. There he found Minsky, but he did not let him in to Dunya. He just said that he would like to apologize and put the money up his sleeve. The old man did not have time to understand anything before he was kicked out the door. He threw the money away in anger and wanted to see his daughter at least once more. Two days later he saw Minsky and made his way into the house where Dunya lived. He saw his daughter through the open door, whose beauty was revealed even more. She lived in a well-furnished room and was dressed luxuriously. Noticing her father, she screamed in horror, and Minsky ran up to the old man and threw him out. The stationmaster returned to work at his station. The next time I passed by this station, I decided to stop by to check on the old man again. But he wasn't there. The fat old woman said that he died, and they buried him next to his wife. The old woman's red-haired son volunteered to help find his grave. On the way, he told me that no one knew about the stationmaster

12 didn’t ask anymore, except perhaps one kind young lady. I asked the boy to tell about this young lady. As it turned out, this beautiful woman arrived in a large carriage along with her small children and a wet nurse. She was upset that she did not find the old man alive and asked to see his grave. She lay on the grave for a long time, then gave the boy some money and left. List of references for the final essay 2016 Very soon you will begin the marathon of passing your final exams. The first one will be the essay. To make it easier for you to prepare, today we are publishing a list of works for the final essay in all areas. Love 1. M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”. Love can overcome everything, because there is nothing stronger on this earth. “Who told you that there is no real one in the world,

13 true, eternal love? (M. Bulgakov) I. Bunin “Clean Monday”, “Rusya”, “Natalie”. Love is only a moment, beautiful, enchanting, but tragic, because lovers part. A. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”, “Olesya”. Great love, a huge feeling, not everyone can experience true love, and not everyone is worthy of it. E. Zamyatin “We”. Love transforms a person, makes him better. Love is a test that “demonstrates a person” and refutes theories. A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, “The Captain’s Daughter”, I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, “First Love”, “Asya”, “Spring Inputs”. Love is a feeling that can resurrect a person. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". House 1. M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”. A.P. Chekhov “The Cherry Orchard”. Home is a place of peace, love, family. It can be lost, and then a person is doomed to wanderings and misfortunes. 2. E. Zamyatin “We”. Every person should have their own home; it is a place of privacy that gives warmth and peace. If there is no such home, then the person is either unhappy or loses his human qualities, and a society that does not recognize a person’s right to his home is flawed. 3. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Home, family is a reflection of society, a place where people are united not only by love and mutual understanding, but also by responsibility for other family members, for children. 4. M. Gorky “At the Bottom”. The absence of a home cripples a person, makes him defenseless, and dooms him to suffering. Path 1. M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”. The path of man is like a testing path that tests a person for strength and

14 presence of moral principles. The path depends on the moral “strength” of a person, on his principles and views. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The path is like a road to happiness, on which a person can experience ups and downs, the main thing is not to stop; the path of man and the path of the people in unity is the main condition for human happiness. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". A person’s path is not easy, life tests him, forces him to change his views, because life is broader than any theories. A.P. Chekhov "Ionych". A person on his life's path can lose everything if he does not have the strength to resist circumstances. A person is responsible for his own life. I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco". The path of civilization is the path to destruction if people have forgotten about time, space, the natural laws of life, are deaf to threats and careless about their own existence. Time 1. M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”. Time leaves its mark on every person and determines his fate, which can lead to tragic consequences. 2. A.P. Chekhov “The Cherry Orchard”. Conflict over time is one of the most dangerous for a person, because without “getting there” on time, a person loses everything that is dear to him or dooms to death everything that is dear to him and that he must save. 3. A.P. Chekhov “Student”. The feeling of the connection of times is a condition for a person’s happy life, no matter how difficult the conditions he finds himself in. 4. S. Yesenin “Anna Snegina”. Time interferes with a person’s life and can destroy it, but by maintaining moral guidelines, a person survives even in the most cruel times. 5. A. Block “Twelve”. It’s time for a turning point, it’s time for a new life to begin with new heroes. Time is in charge

15 the hero of the poem, in the whirlwind of time the old disappears and the new is born. But no one knows what it will be like. Of course, you can find your works, and this will be correct. In general, if you know how (and I think this is the case!) to see the problems posed by writers, then you can easily find works that contain the same questions. You can use both non-program works and works by foreign authors. I think this is even more interesting, because it involves independent research. Good luck! The material was prepared by Larisa Vladislavovna Karelina, a teacher of the Russian language of the highest category, an honorary worker of general education of the Russian Federation. The comedy "The Minor" retelled by D.I. Fonvizin in brief

16 The action of the play takes place in the village of the Prostakov landowners. c Mrs. Prostakova is angry with her serf tailor Trishka, who, in her opinion, sewed a narrow caftan for her 16-year-old son Mitrofanushka. Trishka explains to the lady that he has never sewn caftans before, but Prostakova scolds her serf even more strongly. Having asked her husband about his opinion about the caftan, she hears from this simple-minded and not very smart man thoughts that the caftan looks baggy. But Mrs. Prostakova’s brother Taras Skotinin thinks that the caftan is good. It turns out that these clothes were sewn for Mitrofanushka for the conspiracy of his mother’s brother (Skotinin) with the Prostakovs’ distant relative Sofia, whose father died when the girl was young. Sophia was raised by her mother in Moscow, but six months ago she died and after that the girl began to live with the Prostakovs in order to look after her estate. Sophia has an uncle Starodum, who currently lives in Siberia, and nothing has been heard from him for a long time. The Prostakovs decided that he was no longer alive. Skotinin, for selfish reasons, plans to take Sophia as his wife. He can't wait to become the full owner of a rich dowry and is especially interested in pigs, which he simply adores. The girl has no idea about the far-reaching plans of the Prostakov family. Suddenly, Sophia receives a message from her uncle. Having learned about this,

17 Mrs. Prostakova is angry that her hopes are not justified, since Starodum turns out to be alive. After which she says that Sophia is lying and this letter is not from her uncle, but from a secret lover. Fortunately, Prostakova cannot read it herself, since she is illiterate; the same can be said about her husband and brother. Guest Pravdin decides to help them. He reads a message from Uncle Sophia, which says that Starodum leaves his entire fortune to his niece in his will. The income from this wealth is 10 thousand rubles a year. Prostakova is extremely surprised by this turn of events, and a plan is born in her head to marry her son to a rich heiress. In the village of Prostakovs, soldiers appear under the leadership of officer Milon, who meets with his old friend Pravdin, a member of the vicegerental board. Pravdin decided to travel around the area and sees around him ignorant and evil owners who mock their serfs. For the most part, he hints to Poe about the Prostakov family. Milon, in turn, told his friend that he was in love and had not seen the object of his adoration for six months. Quite recently, the officer received information that his beloved girl was orphaned and went to live with distant relatives in the village. At the same moment, Sophia appears in front of Milo and rushes into the officer’s arms. But then it turns out that her relatives want to marry the girl to Mitrofanushka. Milon does not like this news at all, but when he learns all the details about the undergrowth, he calms down a little.

18 Mrs. Prostakova’s brother approaches them and declares that he himself will ask for Sophia’s hand. Then Pravdin posts information about his sister’s new plans. This news drives Skotinin into a frenzy, and then a young boy appears in front of him, who is taken to study by his nanny Eremeevna. Skotinin tries to find out from Mitrofanushka all the details of the “conspiracy” and even wants to hit him, but the nanny does not allow him to do this. Young Prostakov's teachers Pafnutich (Tsyfirkin) and Sidorich (Kuteikin) appear. The latter has not yet graduated from seminary and serves as a clerk. He teaches the teenager to read and write in the Psalter and Book of Hours. Pafnutich is a former sergeant and teaches Mitrofanushka arithmetic. Young Prostakov does not want to acquire knowledge. He complains to his mother that his uncle has ruined his mood and he has no desire to study. His nanny also speaks of Skotinin not in the best terms. Mitrofanushka's mother takes pity on him and says that she will soon marry her son. She orders Pafnutich and Sidorich to be fed and called again, and she is dissatisfied with her son’s nanny, since she believes that Eremeevna did not protect him well from Skotinin. Mrs. Prostakova plans to deal with her brother herself. The offended nanny cries, and Kuteikin and Tsyfirkin console her. Starodum arrives in the village. Before he shows up at the Prostakovs’ house, he communicates with his old friend Pravdin. Sophia's uncle talks about his father, who served Peter I and says that in those days everything was different. Starodum explains that the main reason for his arrival is to free his niece from the ignorant people around her. He had already completed his civil service, but when he was still in the military, he met the young count. After the war began, Starodum served in the army, but the count did not want to do this. As a result, the count was promoted, but Sophia's uncle remained as he was. After his resignation, Starodum arrived at the court, but then decided that it was better to spend his future life in his own home than in the sovereign's hallway.

19 The uncle meets with his niece and promises to take her away from these ignorant people. Skotinin and Prostakova appear. There is a fight between them, which Milon tries to break up, and Starodum watches this scene with a grin, which extremely angers Mitrofanushka’s mother. After she realizes who is standing in front of her, Prostakova begins to fawn and flirt with Starodum. She faces the extremely important goal of marrying her son to Sophia. Starodum is firm in his intentions to take his niece from this house and marry her off to a worthy young man who is already in his sights. Everyone is amazed by this news, including Sophia. Seeing this, her uncle promises that there will be no wedding without the consent of her niece. Sophia calms down a little. Prostakova begins to praise the education of her son. She especially pays attention to the German teacher Adam Adamych Vralman, who has been teaching Mitrofanushka for 5 years and receives 300 rubles a year for this, while the salary of other teachers is 10 rubles. The German teaches the teenager French and other sciences. But Pafnutich and Sidorich complain about their student’s poor performance. He's been working on arithmetic for three years, but he can't even count to three. He has been learning to read and write for 4 years, but he cannot separate one line from another. It turns out that Adam Adamych indulges Mitrofanushka and pleases all his whims, and does not teach science. The teenager’s mother asks her son to “come to his senses,” but he wants to get married, not study. Pafnutich asks Mitrofanushka to solve two problems, but Mrs. Prostakova comes to the defense of the ignoramus and says that arithmetic is a useless science, especially if there is no money. But if they exist, then they can be found without arithmetic

20 count. Then Pafnutich finishes the lesson. Next, Sidorich begins the lesson, forcing Mitrofanushka to memorize a phrase from the Book of Hours. Adam Adamych comes into the room. According to the German, excessive knowledge is harmful to the fragile brain of Prostakova’s son. Vralman is sure that it is not necessary to know the Russian language and arithmetic, but only simple everyday wisdom. After which he allows the undergrowth to rest, and Sidorich and Pafnutich try to beat Adam Adamych. One of them swung the Book of Hours at Vralman, and the other with a board. Vralman flees for his life. Sophia is reading Fenelon's book on the education of young girls. Starodum talks to his niece about virtue. They bring him a letter from Count Chestan, who is Milon's uncle. The message talks about the marriage of his nephew to Sophia. Starodum tries to talk about marriage with the girl, but she is embarrassed. Milon and Pravdin enter the room. Starodum meets the nephew of Count Chestan. As it turned out, Milon often visited Sophia’s mother’s house in Moscow and was well received there. During a conversation with Milon, Starodum realizes that he is dealing with a worthy person. Milon asks for Sophia's hand and hints that she is not against it. The uncle is glad that his niece made the right choice. He agrees and blesses the young people. This is not yet known to the rest of the contenders for Sophia’s hand, who dream of getting to her wealth. Mrs. Prostakova's brother talks about their ancient family. Starodum makes fun of Skotinin and pretends to listen to him attentively, and the mother of the ignoramus praises her son’s education. Then the uncle “shows his cards” and says that his niece is already engaged and will soon leave their house. The stubborn Prostakova is confident that even before Starodum and Sophia leave, she will have time to resolve the issue in her favor. To do this, she places “sentinels” around the house. Pravdin is ordered to take custody of all property

21 Prostakovs together with serfs, in case people are in danger from their owners. Sophia's uncle finds out about this, but suddenly some noise is heard. They see a picture of Prostakova’s people dragging Sophia to the carriage for a wedding with a minor. Milon intervenes and saves the girl. Pravdin is outraged and threatens the village owner with court for violating civil peace. Prostakova begins to blame everyone for her actions. Sophia and her uncle forgive Mitrofanushka's mother. The mistress of the village is happy with this, since she will have the opportunity to “deal with” her people later. But things will not come to this, since Pravdin decides to exercise his right to guardianship over the serfs and the Prostakov village. Skotinin decides to get out of harm’s way, and Prostakova asks Pravdin to leave her master’s powers for a period of 3 days, but he denies the underage’s mother such a right and decides to settle accounts with Sidorich, Pafnutich and Adam Adamych, after which he releases them “on all four sides.” Kuteikin asks for more money for the worn-out boots, but Tsyfirkin does not take payment at all, since he believes that he has not taught the undergrowth anything. That is why he receives the most from Pravdin, Milon and Starodum, after which they offer Sidorich to settle accounts with Prostakova, but he categorically refuses this. It further turns out that Adam Adamych is Starodum’s former coachman, who decided to become a “fake” teacher. Sophia's uncle invites Vralman to take his old position. Milon with his bride and Starodum are about to leave. Mrs. Prostakova stands in an embrace with her son and says that she has no one else but him, to which the little girl rudely responds to her mother and she faints. Pravdin decides to send young Prostakov to serve, which greatly annoyed his mother. Starodum sums it up by pointing out that “the apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.”

22 M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”: summary In the novel, two plots develop in parallel, each of them is a separate story. The main storyline is being implemented in Moscow. Events take place over several days in May during the spring full moon in the thirties of the 20th century. For the additional plot, the author chose the city of Yershalaim, the prototype of the biblical Jerusalem, and the same month as in the first story, but the action was moved to the very beginning of the new chronology. The book is written in such a way that the chapters that deal with the events of the 20th century alternate with chapters from a fictional novel by the main character of the Master’s work or a description of the same distant events through the mouth of Woland. There was terrible heat in Moscow. It was during this weather that a mysterious person, similar to a foreign guest of the capital, named Woland, appeared on the Patriarch's Ponds. This strange character was introduced to his interlocutors as a professor of black magic, but it was implied that it was Satan himself. He arrived in Moscow accompanied by his retinue, consisting of a huge talking cat named Behemoth, a gloomy vampire Azazello, a cheerful and cynical ex

23 regent Koroviev, aka Fagot, and the attractive witch Gella. The first people this motley company met along the way were the editor-in-chief of one of the leading literary magazines of the USSR, Mikhail Berlioz, and the young poet Ivan Bezdomny. Woland approached them during a discussion of Bezdomny’s satirical poem about Jesus Christ. This happened at the moment when Berlioz explained to Bezdomny that no Messiah actually existed. Woland was extremely surprised by this and convinced his interlocutors that Christ really was and that he himself witnessed some of the events with his participation. The conversation also turned to the predetermination of human destiny and Woland predicted Berlioz’s death at the hands of a Komsomol member, after which the editor-in-chief was hit by a tram and his head was cut off. All this was seen by Homeless, who decided to catch the professor and hand him over to law enforcement agencies. The poet chases Woland throughout the capital and eventually comes to the restaurant of the Moscow Literary Association (MASSOLIT), where he confusedly tells his colleagues about what happened at the Patriarch's Ponds, after which he is tied up and placed in a psychiatric clinic. In his room, Ivan meets the main character of the novel, a former writer who calls himself the Master. At the same time, Woland and his retinue decide to stay in apartment 50 of building 302 bis on Sadovaya Street, where Berlioz lived before his death, and the next room is occupied by the director of the Moscow Variety Show, Stepan Likhodeev. Woland finds the latter in a state of terrible hangover and shows him a contract signed by the director of the Variety Show for several performances by the professor of black magic in the institution entrusted to him, after which Likhodeev mystically instantly moves to Yalta. Koroviev goes to the head of the housing association of the building in which Woland decides to stay, Nikanor Bosom, and asks him to rent out apartment 50. The chairman for some time

24 refuses the former regent, but receives a bribe from him and a large sum for rent, after which he signs the contract. Then Barefoot comes home and hides the money he received in the ventilation. After some time, law enforcement officers come to the chairman, conduct a search and find dollars on Bosoy, instead of the rubles that Nikanor Ivanovich Koroviev had given him, after which the chairman of the housing association is sent to the same clinic where the poet Bezdomny is. The financial director of Variety Rimsky and the administrator Varenukha cannot find their director. Suddenly they are brought a telegram from Yalta, signed by Likhodeev, asking them to confirm his identity. Rimsky refuses to do this, but the telegrams come one after another. In them, the director asks to send money and explains that he got to Yalta through the magical efforts of Woland. The financial director instructs the administrator to take all the telegrams to the appropriate authorities for investigation, but Varenukha fails, since Koroviev and Azazello kidnap him and the administrator ends up in Woland’s apartment, where the naked Gella kisses him and he loses consciousness. In the evening, at the Variety Show, there is a performance by professor of black magic Woland and his charges. After Koroviev fires a pistol into the ceiling, real chervonets fall from there in large numbers. The audience is massively filling their pockets with them. After which Behemoth opens a fashion store right on stage

25 women's clothing. Each lady from the audience has the opportunity to choose the best outfits from all over the world absolutely free of charge and exchange them for the dresses they wore to the Variety Show. Women fill the stage. But the show ends, and the money turns into cut paper, and the outfits simply disappear, resulting in women running naked around evening Moscow. At the end of the magic show, the findirector locks himself in his office and Varenukha, who by that time had already turned into a vampire, comes to see him. Rimsky notices that his administrator has no shadow, he turns gray from fear, breaks out of the theater, takes a taxi to the station, and from there he quickly leaves by train to Leningrad. In a psychiatric clinic, Ivan Bezdomny and his night guest, the Master, are in the same ward. The poet told him the story of the meeting with Woland and the death of Berlioz. The master tells Ivan that it was Satan himself and begins a story about his life. He received the name Master from his beloved Margarita. Homeless’s roommate once trained as a historian and worked in a museum. One day he was extremely lucky. The master won a large sum of money, 100 thousand rubles. He decided to leave his job, rented rooms in a house located in the alleys of Arbat and sat down to write a novel about Pontius Pilate. When the end of his work was nearing, the Master met Margarita and immediately fell in love with her, just as she fell in love with him. The woman at that time was married to a high-ranking official and lived with him not far from the Master, but did not feel love for her husband. Margarita and the Master began to meet regularly. The writer finished his novel with inspiration. They felt good together. After finishing work on the novel, the main character decided to take it to one of the literary magazines, but he was refused publication, after which articles appeared in the Soviet press in which

26, the Master’s work was crushed to smithereens by the critics Lavrovich, Latunsky and Ariman. This was a big blow for the writer and he fell ill. At the most critical moment of his illness, he decided to destroy his work and threw the novel into the stove, but suddenly Margarita appeared at his house and saved the book. She took the manuscript with her and decided to leave her husband, having previously explained it to him. Literally after the beloved left, there was a knock on the Master’s window. The homeless man understood what happened without words. Several months have passed. The main character was released and he decided to return home, but another person was already living there. Then the Master went to a psychiatric clinic, where he had already been there for four months at the time of his meeting with the poet. A new morning has come and Margarita woke up with an unexpected feeling of approaching new events. She sat at the table and looked through the burnt sheets of her lover’s surviving manuscript, after which she decided to take a walk through the Alexander Garden, where Azazello sat down on her bench, and conveyed Woland’s unusual proposal to Margarita. Satan invited a woman to become the hostess of his ball, which he holds every year around the world. Margarita unexpectedly agreed. Then Azazello handed her a bottle of cream.

27 Late in the evening the woman stripped naked, rubbed it on her body, and became invisible. After that, riding on a broom, Margarita flew out the window and decided to take revenge on the critic Latunsky by completely destroying his apartment. Then the newly-minted witch found herself in apartment 50, where Woland and his retinue were waiting for her. At exactly midnight, Satan's spring full moon ball began. The most notorious scoundrels, murderers, thieves and informers who have ever lived on Earth came to him. The men appeared in tailcoats, and the women were completely naked. Margarita kindly received guests, and her knee was kissed countless times by everyone who arrived at the ball. The enchanting performance came to an end and Woland invited Margarita to fulfill any of her wishes. The woman asked to return her lover, who immediately appeared in the room in hospital pajamas. Next, Woland returns the couple to the very house where the Master wrote his ill-fated novel. At the same time, law enforcement agencies are looking for those responsible for countless incredible incidents that have occurred over the past few days in the capital. Having built a logical chain, the investigators understand that this is the work of the same gang, which is headed by a strange professor, and their headquarters is apartment 50. Now let us take the reader two thousand years ago to the city of Yershalaim, to the palace of Herod the Great, where the procurator of Judea Pontius Pilate interrogates the preacher Yeshua Ha-Nozri, accused of a serious crime. This rebel faces the death penalty under Senidrion's sentence

28 because he insulted Caesar with his words. Pontius Pilate only needs to approve the decision of the Sanhedrin. During the interrogation, the procurator understands that Yeshua is not a robber who called the people of Yershalaim to revolt, but a wandering philosopher preaching the kingdom of truth and justice. But over Ga-Notsri, like the sword of Damocles, hangs the charge of insulting Caesar. Pilate cannot go against the authorities and signs Yeshua’s death warrant. After which the procurator asks the high priest Kaifa to release the wandering philosopher in honor of Easter, since this can be done according to local traditions, but instead of Ha-Nozri, he releases the robber Bar-Rabban. Bald Mountain. There are three crosses with crucified criminals on it. The crowd of onlookers has already dispersed and in this place there is only Matthew Levi, who was a disciple of Yeshua, and previously served as a tax collector. After one of the warriors guarding the convicts put them to death by stabbing them with a spear, an endless stream of water poured from heaven to earth. Pontius Pilate invited Afranius, who led the secret service, and instructed him to kill Judas from Kiriath, who betrayed Yeshua into the hands of Caiaphas for money. A beautiful girl Nisa meets Judas in Yershalaim and invites him to come to the Garden of Gethsemane, located outside the city. There, unknown assailants attack him and kill Judas, taking away his wallet with money. A little time passes and Afranius reports to the procurator that Judas was stabbed to death and the money was planted in Caiaphas’s house. Pontius Pilate meets Matthew Levi. Yeshua's disciple shows the procurator the scroll where he wrote down the speeches of his Teacher. It says that the most serious human vice is cowardice. And again Moscow of the 30s of the XX century. Sunset. Terrace of one of the capital's high-rise buildings. Woland and his retinue say goodbye to the city. Matthew Levi appears in front of them. He asks Satan to take away

29 Master and his girlfriend with you and give them peace. Woland asks why Levi Matvey does not take him himself, to which the former tax collector replies that the Master did not deserve light, but only peace. Next, Azazello arrives at the house where the lovers are with a bottle of wine from Woland. After they drink the drink, the Master and Margarita lose consciousness. Immediately there is a noise in the psychiatric clinic associated with the death of one of the patients. On jet-black horses, Woland, with his retinue that has changed in appearance, as well as a pair of lovers, sets off on a long journey. Satan decides to show the Master his hero, who has been sitting on the lunar platform for almost two thousand years and talking in his thoughts with a wandering philosopher. Woland invites the author of the novel to release Pontius Pilate. The master shouts: “Free! He is waiting for you!" and suddenly a city of extraordinary beauty appears in front of them with a garden, towards which a lunar path stretches, and Pontius Pilate hurries along it. Woland says goodbye to the lovers, and they set off across the bridge over the stream and Margarita shows the Master their house, where they will meet with friends, and at night they will be alone. After Woland and his retinue stayed in Moscow, their case was investigated there for a long time, but they could not find out anything significant. According to psychiatrists, the gang leaders had hitherto unprecedented hypnotic abilities. Years have passed. The former poet Bezdomny comes to the Patriarch's Ponds every year on a full moon, sits on the bench where he met Woland, walks along Arbat, returns home, goes to bed and in a dream the Master and Margarita, Yeshua and Pontius Pilate appear to him.

30 Poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”: summary Prologue At the beginning of his work, the author describes a dispute between peasants about who “lives freely and cheerfully” in Rus'. This conversation subsequently turns into a fight, after which the men make peace. They want to find out the same question from the priest, the merchant and the king. The men set out across their native land in search of happiness. Chapter I The first person the peasants meet is the priest. The priest tells them about his difficult life. He convinces the wanderers that both landowners and peasants are in equally poor conditions and have stopped donating to the church. The peasants feel sorry for the priest. Chapter II In this chapter, the author outlines several characters characteristic of that time.

31 It happens at a fair, where all seven men come. They pay attention to the sale of paintings. In this place, the author reflects with hope that someday the time will come when the people will take home not just some decorated “my lord,” but Gogol and Belinsky. Chapter III The fair has passed, and at night people begin to walk. Of course, most of the people who arrive at the fair are drunk, but not the main characters of the poem. Besides them, there is also a sober gentleman who writes down folk songs and observations of ordinary people in his little book. Thus, the author is trying to show himself in the poem. One of the seven wanderers, Yakim Nagoy, asks the master not to make fun of drunken people in his book. This guy says that there are many people in Rus' who don’t drink, but life is easier for drunkards, since everyone suffers the same. The Russian man is strong both in work and in revelry. This is one of his key character traits. The men got ready to go home, but before that they decided to find a happy person among the walkers. Chapter VI The wanderers began to call the men to them and promised everyone plenty of vodka if the person proved that he was happy. There are more than a dozen such “happy” people. The soldier is happy that he is alive, that he passed through sticks and bullets. The young stonecutter boasts of his strength, and the old one is glad that, although he was sick, he finally made it from St. Petersburg to his native village and remained alive. The bear hunter is also glad that he did not fall into the clutches of the beast.

32 There was less and less vodka in the bucket and our heroes realized that it was a waste of time to transfer the intoxicating stuff. There were people who advised to recognize Yermil Girin as happy. He always tells the truth, which is why people love him. He also helps others and people pay him kindness for it. Recently they helped him purchase a mill, which a tricky merchant almost bought out by deception. As a result, it turned out that Girin was in prison for telling the truth. Chapter V Next, the seven men met the landowner Gavrila Afanasyevich Obolt-Obolduev, who also complained about his difficult lot. When he had serfs, he lived well and richly. He could punish his careless peasants for any offense, as if as an edification. After serfdom was abolished, in his opinion, there was less order and many manorial estates went bankrupt. Various writers want landowners to be learned and hardworking, but this cannot be, since this is not what they live for. They are ordered from above to “waste the people’s treasury” and “smoke God’s heaven.” It's written in their blood. The master's ancestors were noble bear leader Obolduev, Prince Shchepkin, who wanted to burn Moscow for the purpose of robbery. After Gavrila Afanasyevich spoke out, he burst into bitter sobs. At first the peasants were touched by this story, but then they changed their minds. The Last One Seven men find themselves in the village of Vakhlaki and observe unusual conditions there. Local peasants of their own free will decided to remain serfs and endure all the antics of the cruel landowner and tyrant Prince Utyatin. Wanderers are interested in why serfdom is still preserved in this place?

33 II The “wild” landowner Utyatin does not want to recognize the abolition of serfdom. As a result, he suffered a stroke. He blames his heirs for the fact that men are leaving him. And they, afraid of being left without an inheritance, asked the villagers to pretend to be serfs, for which they would subsequently receive flood meadows. The men gave the go-ahead. Firstly, they were not used to it, and secondly, sometimes the peasants even liked that they had a master over them. III Seven wandering men learn that the local burgomaster is glorifying Utyatin, and the local people are praying for his health and are sincerely rejoicing for their benefactor. The prince dies from another blow. After this, problems begin for the local peasants, since they cannot share the flood meadows with the heirs of the late prince. A feast for the whole world Introduction One of the Vakhlaks, Klim Yakovlevich, decides to set the table on the occasion of the death of Prince Utyatin. Traveling men join the feast and want to hear local songs. I

34 Next, the author tries to describe the essence of folk songs in literary form. First there are “bitter” songs, in which they sing about everything bad that accompanies peasant life. Before the singing begins, there is a lamentation with a saying that the people are living well on Russian soil, and at the end a song is performed dedicated to the exemplary slave Yakov, who punished his master for mocking him. As a conclusion, the author reflects that the people will not allow themselves to be offended. II During the feast, wanderers hear people talking about God’s people, who are fed by simple men, who take advantage of their kindness and faith and consider themselves righteous. It is true that among the pilgrims there are ordinary people who heal the sick, bury the dead and defend the truth. III Next comes a discussion about whose sin is greater than the peasants or the landowners. According to Ignatius Prokhorov, the peasants were more guilty before the Lord. To confirm this idea, he starts a song about a widowed admiral, who, before his death, ordered the headman to release all his serfs, but he did not do this, thereby sinning against people like him. Ignatius concludes that men can often sell each other out for a penny. Those gathered agree that it is sinful to do this and that is why the men live in poverty and dishonor. VI Morning came, the feast died down. One vakhlak starts a cheerful song, where he sings that life will definitely get better someday. Through the song, the idea is conveyed to the wanderers that Russia is still

An example of an essay [Unified State Examination in the Russian language] based on the text by F.A. Vigdorova What is cowardice? Self-preservation instinct or vice? What sensations does a person experience who has deviated from generally accepted moral norms and committed

Poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”: summary Prologue At the beginning of his work, the author describes a dispute between peasants about who “lives freely and cheerfully” in Rus'. This conversation later

Why is the Master in Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” deprived of “light”, but deserves peace? [Example of completing task 17.3 on the Unified State Exam in Literature] Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” is philosophical. I had to

Typical mistakes in the final essay: food for thought What are typical mistakes? Those that are repeated very often, therefore, they are systemic. An information letter was recently published

Essay on the topic of whether the cherry orchard needs to be saved, essay, Choose! Lopakhin, a wealthy merchant, helps many people try to save Ranevskaya’s cherry orchard. But to do this, all the trees need to be cut down! Cherry Theme

Final essay on the thematic area “Home” 1. Introduction to the essay. Home Parent's home. For each of us it has exceptional significance. After all, in his father’s house a person is not only born,

An essay on the topic of loyalty and betrayal in the novel The Master and Margarita The novel The Master and Margarita is a novel about the events of two thousand years ago and about loyalty and betrayal, as well as justice and mercy

Okay "done" hali? asked the son, listening to the woman's voice from behind the door. He knew that it was the voice of the one who met him at the entrance . Yes, she entered the carriage again. Vronsky remembered

I.A. Alekseeva I.G. Novoselsky HOW TO HEAR A CHILD 2 I.A. Alekseeva I.G. Novoselsky HOW TO HEAR A CHILD 2 Moscow 2012 The manual is intended for conducting interviews with school-age migrant children

Workbook based on the novel by M.A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” (part one) 1. Biography of M.A. Bulgakov. Chronological table. Date May 15, 1891 1910 1916 Events of 1910 1913 First youth

Essay on the topic of the problem of loneliness in Bulgakov’s novel The Master and Margarita Essay The problem of creativity and the fate of the artist based on the work: The Master and himself under the pressure of Soviet censorship, persecution in the press,

My beloved friend 1. Yesterday I told the teacher. 2. These are friends. 3. 18 years old. 4. I always give a book for my birthday. 5. We study in the same group. 6. I explained why I bought this computer. 7.

An essay on the topic why the master did not deserve light but deserved peace Lesson plan (literature, grade 11) on the topic: Three worlds in the novel The master did not deserve light, he deserved peace. Peace is punishment.

Discourse Cohesion Activity Handout. 1. Read two versions of the retelling of F.A.’s story. Iskander "Lesson". 2. How are these two retellings different? 3. Tell what the story is about in your own words, using linking words.

Municipal budgetary cultural institution "Novozybkov city centralized library system" Central Library Nadtochey Natalya, 12 years old Novozybkov Romantic pages of love Materials

Blizzard 1 1. At the end of 1811, he lived on his estate 2 Nenara - dove dobry Gavri la Gavrilovich R**. He was "very hospitable" to many people; neighbors "went to him" a hundred times to eat, drink, play

Lesson 61 1. -How did the shepherds guard their sheep at night? -Before nightfall, the shepherds built a corral of thorns and stones, and made one entrance open, like a door. 2. -When the fold was ready, the shepherds drove the sheep

An essay on the topic of whether Pontius Pilate had a choice. The theme of choice in the novel by M.A. Bulgakova The Master and Margarita Roman N.A. It was a story about Pontius Pilate, the all-powerful procurator. In his own. Not only was he awarded

An essay on the topic: my impressions of the novel Fathers and Sons The role of landscape in I. S. Turgenev’s novel Fathers and Sons In Russian history, the painful impression of what I saw: a sparse and low bush, from my point of view,

Bible for Children Presents the Church in Trouble Author: Edward Hughes Illustrated by: Janie Forest Adapted by: Ruth Klassen Published by: Bible for Children www.m1914.org 2010 Bible for Children, Inc.

Why did Raskolnikov come to Sonya after the murder? It was in such conditions that Raskolnikov’s idea about the right of the strong could have been born. Why after the murder of the old woman and Lizaveta Sonya Marmeladova So

DIRECTION 3. GOALS and MEANS Commentary from FIPI specialists The concepts in this direction are interconnected and allow you to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal setting, and the ability to

Bible for Children Presents the Church in Trouble Author: Edward Hughes Illustrated by: Janie Forest Adapted by: Ruth Klassen Published by: Bible for Children www.m1914.org 2009 Bible for Children, Inc.

Essay reflection my understanding of human happiness Essays Essays by Tolstoy War and Peace essays based on the work. L. N. Tolstoy, Natasha Rostova won my heart, entered my life True

FINAL WORK 1 ON READING FOR 3rd GRADE (2012/2013 academic year) Option 2 School Class 3 Last name, first name INSTRUCTIONS for STUDENTS Now you will do the reading work. First you need to read the text,

Bible for Children Introduces Heaven, God's Wonderful Home Author: Edward Hughes Illustrated by: Lazarus Adapted by: Sarah S. Published by: Bible for Children www.m1914.org 2009 Bible for Children, Inc. License:

Ali and his camera Ali lives in Istanbul, a large city in Turkey. He lives in an old house next to the famous Blue Mosque. After school Ali returned home and sat by the window. He looked at the boats coming out

Bible for Children Presents a Man Sent by God Author: Edward Hughes Illustrated by: Byron Unger; Lazarus Adapted from: E. Frischbutter; Sarah S. Published by: Bible for Children www.m1914.org 2010 Bible

Completed by Anna Telezhnikova, Elizaveta Lavrenova The academic subject within which the project is being carried out is literature Class: 9 “D” Number of participants: 2 Time to work on the project: 1 month Mode

Should you always obey your parents? YES, BECAUSE OH ADULTS.. Yes, but Adults deserve the respect of children? Are all adults worthy of respect? Does obedience always convey respect? Is it possible to manifest

Timofey Veronin The Life of Saint Vladimir, Equal-to-the-Apostles, retold for children Artist Victor Britvin Moscow Nikeya Publishing House 2016 4 How do people become saints? Probably they have been since

Children's Bible Presents Jacob the Deceiver Author: Edward Hughes Illustrated by: M. Maillot; Lazarus Adapted from: M. Kerr; Sarah S. Published by: Bible for Children www.m1914.org BFC PO Box 3 Winnipeg, MB R3C

May holiday! The May holiday, Victory Day, everyone knows it like this: There is a fireworks festival in the sky, Tanks are driving, soldiers are in formation, they shout “Hurray” to the defenders! Nikishova Violetta Cities and villages are burning with fire, And you can hear

Test of Russian as a foreign language I certification level Subtest 1. VOCABULARY. GRAMMAR Time to complete the test is 60 minutes. You cannot use a dictionary when taking the test. Write your name and

Children's Bible Presents Jacob the Deceiver Author: Edward Hughes Illustrated by: M. Maillot; Lazarus Adapted from: M. Kerr; Sarah S. Published by: Bible for Children www.m1914.org 2010 Bible for Children, Inc.

An essay on what Oblomov’s novel made me think about. And the last pages of the novel made me think: Zakhar turned out to be. This lazy Oblomov really annoyed me. I wrote essays. essay on liter-

Bible for Children Presents the Beautiful Queen Esther Author: Edward Hughes Illustrated by: Janie Forest Adapted by: Ruth Klassen Published by: Bible for Children www.m1914.org 2010 Bible for Children, Inc.

Series “School reading program” Leo Tolstoy Prisoner of the Caucasus (Byl) Rostov-on-Don “Phoenix” 2018 UDC 821.161.1-1 BBK 84(2Ros=Rus)1 KTK 610 T53 Tolstoy, Lev. T53 Prisoner of the Caucasus: true story / Leo Tolstoy.

Bible for Children Presents a Man Sent by God Author: Edward Hughes Illustrated by: Byron Unger; Lazarus Adapted from: E. Frischbutter; Sarah S. Published by: Bible for Children www.m1914.org 2009 Bible

The main state exam is the main type of certification assessment of the knowledge of ninth-graders. In order to gain admission to take the Main State Exam, ninth-graders must pass

I've already walked around the whole city. It is seen? Can you see it? (Can you clearly see what’s on the board? Can you see?) She wanted to move to Zelenogorsk, but then changed her mind. I don't know where to go. We were in a church in Zelenogorsk.

An essay on the topic: my impression of the story The Captain's Daughter An essay based on the work The Captain's Daughter by Pushkin: The Image of Masha Mironova by Pushkin) My impression of the story by A.S. Pushkin The Captain's Daughter

“Dad, Mom, I’m a friendly family” Collection Moscow, Southern Administrative Okrug State Educational Institution Central Educational Institution “School of Health” 1998 “Lukomorye”. 2008 Usanova Nastya, 5-b My family loves to read, She reads different books. There are detective stories, there is science fiction, and

Bible for Children Introduces Samuel, God's Servant Boy Author: Edward Hughes Illustrated by: Janie Forest Adapted by: Lyn Doerksen Published by: Bible for Children www.m1914.org 2010 Bible for Children,

Essay on the topic of undergrowth family of simpletons Print the essay Analysis Undergrowth Fonvizina D AND CREATIVITY D.I. FONVIZINA The Prostakov-Skotinin family in a comedy comedy, the action seems to be carried out

I wish my grandfather was a veteran of that war. And he always told his war stories. I wish my grandmother was a labor veteran. And she told her grandchildren how difficult it was for them then. But we

Chapter Ten Living Forever Many, many years ago, God promised to send a Savior who would save people from the punishment of sin. He will save people from the Second Death. God commanded the people to bring a lamb to show

28 QUESTIONS ABOUT LOVE 151 answers to questions about... 1 Can God tell a girl that this or that person will be her husband, while the girl doesn’t like that person at all, he’s not her type? God never

An essay on the topic of flowers for a beloved poet >>> An essay on the topic of flowers for a beloved poet An essay on the topic of flowers for a beloved poet Goodness is stronger not in itself, but by the strength of each of us. Here for my daughter Tanya in a little bundle

Lesson 52 1. -How did Nicodemus know that God sent Jesus? -Because Jesus performed many miracles that only God was able to do. 2. - Does being born of water mean being baptized? 3. -Maybe

Conflict with time in the play by A.P. Chekhov’s “The Cherry Orchard” [Preparing for the final essay] We continue the series of articles on working materials for the December essay. And again about the topic “Time”. A.P. Chekhov believed

Class hour. We are all different, but we have more in common. Author: Alekseeva Irina Viktorovna, history and social studies teacher This class hour is built in the form of a dialogue. At the beginning of the class hour, the guys sit down

Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves In ancient times, there lived two brothers, Kasim and Ali Baba. Qasim was a wealthy merchant, his wife's name was Fatima. But Ali Baba was poor, and he was married to the girl Zeinab. One day my wife said

1. Preparation and writing of an Unified State Examination essay based on a popular science text by N.S. Sher “In Boldin, like never before” (1) In Boldin, like never before, Pushkin faced the poverty and lack of rights of the serfs,

(1) I knew a wonderful writer. (2) Her name was Tamara Grigorievna Gabbe. (3) She told me once:

– There are many challenges in life. (4) You can’t list them. (5) But here are three, they occur often. (6) The first is the test of need. (7) Second - prosperity, glory. (8) And the third test is fear. (9) And not only with the fear that a person recognizes in war, but with the fear that overtakes him in ordinary, peaceful life.

(10) What kind of fear is this that does not threaten either death or injury? (11) Isn’t he a fiction? (12) No, it’s not fiction. (13) Fear has many faces, sometimes it affects the fearless.

(14) “It’s an amazing thing,” wrote the Decembrist poet Ryleev, “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.”

(15) Many years have passed since these words were written, but there are persistent illnesses of the soul.

(16) The man went through the war as a hero. (17) He went on reconnaissance, where every step threatened him with death. (18) He fought in the air and under water, he did not run from danger, he fearlessly walked towards it. (19) And now the war is over, the man returned home. (20) To my family, to my peaceful work. (21) He worked as well as he fought: with passion, giving all his strength, not sparing his health. (22) But when, due to the libel of a slanderer, his friend, a man whom he knew as himself, of whose innocence he was convinced as his own, was removed from work, he did not stand up. (23) He, who was not afraid of bullets or tanks, was scared. (24) He was not afraid of death on the battlefield, but was afraid to say a word in favor of justice.

(25) The boy broke the glass.

- (26) Who did this? - asks the teacher.

(27) The boy is silent. (28) He is not afraid to ski down the most dizzying mountain. (29) He is not afraid to swim across an unfamiliar river full of treacherous funnels. (30) But he is afraid to say: “I broke the glass.”

(31) What is he afraid of? (32) After all, flying from the mountain, he can break his neck. (33) Swimming across the river, you can drown. (34) The words “I did it” do not threaten him with death. (35) Why is he afraid to say them?

(36) I heard a very brave man who went through the war once say: “It was scary, very scary.”

(37) He spoke the truth: he was scared. (38) But he knew how to overcome his fear and did what his duty told him to do: he fought.

(39) In peaceful life, of course, it can also be scary.

(40) I’ll tell the truth, but I’ll be expelled from school for it... (41) If I tell the truth, I’ll be fired from my job... (42) I’d rather remain silent.

(43) There are many proverbs in the world that justify silence, and perhaps the most expressive: “My hut is on the edge.” (44) But there are no huts that would be on the edge.

(45) We are all responsible for what is happening around us. (46) Responsible for all the bad and all the good. (47) And one should not think that a real test comes to a person only in some special, fatal moments: in war, during some kind of catastrophe. (48) No, not only in exceptional circumstances, not only in the hour of mortal danger, human courage is tested under a bullet. (49) It is tested constantly, in the most ordinary everyday affairs.

(50) There is only one courage. (51) It requires that a person always be able to overcome the monkey within himself: in battle, on the street, at a meeting. (52) After all, the word “courage” does not have a plural form. (53) It is the same in any conditions.

(According to F.A. Vigdorova*)

* Frida Abramovna Vigdorova (1915–1965) – Soviet writer and journalist.

Text Information

(1) I knew a wonderful writer. (2) Her name was Tamara Grigorievna Gabbe. (3) She told me once:

– There are many challenges in life. (4) You can’t list them. (5) But here are three, they occur often. (6) The first is the test of need. (7) Second - prosperity, glory. (8) And the third test is fear. (9) And not only with the fear that a person recognizes in war, but with the fear that overtakes him in ordinary, peaceful life.

(10) What kind of fear is this that does not threaten either death or injury? (11) Isn’t he a fiction? (12) No, it’s not fiction. (13) Fear has many faces, sometimes it affects the fearless.

(14) “It’s an amazing thing,” wrote the Decembrist poet Ryleev, “we are not afraid to die on the battlefields, but we are afraid to say a word in favor of justice.”

(15) Many years have passed since these words were written, but there are persistent illnesses of the soul.

(16) The man went through the war as a hero. (17) He went on reconnaissance, where every step threatened him with death. (18) He fought in the air and under water, he did not run from danger, he fearlessly walked towards it. (19) And now the war is over, the man returned home. (20) To my family, to my peaceful work. (21) He worked as well as he fought: with passion, giving all his strength, not sparing his health. (22) But when, due to the libel of a slanderer, his friend, a man whom he knew as himself, of whose innocence he was convinced as his own, was removed from work, he did not stand up. (23) He, who was not afraid of bullets or tanks, was scared. (24) He was not afraid of death on the battlefield, but was afraid to say a word in favor of justice.

(25) The boy broke the glass.

- (26) Who did this? - asks the teacher.

(27) The boy is silent. (28) He is not afraid to ski down the most dizzying mountain. (29) He is not afraid to swim across an unfamiliar river full of treacherous funnels. (30) But he is afraid to say: “I broke the glass.”

(31) What is he afraid of? (32) After all, flying from the mountain, he can break his neck. (33) Swimming across the river, you can drown. (34) The words “I did it” do not threaten him with death. (35) Why is he afraid to say them?

(36) I heard a very brave man who went through the war once say: “It was scary, very scary.”

(37) He spoke the truth: he was scared. (38) But he knew how to overcome his fear and did what his duty told him to do: he fought.

(39) In peaceful life, of course, it can also be scary.

(40) I’ll tell the truth, but I’ll be expelled from school for it... (41) If I tell the truth, I’ll be fired from my job... (42) I’d rather remain silent.

(43) There are many proverbs in the world that justify silence, and perhaps the most expressive: “My hut is on the edge.” (44) But there are no huts that would be on the edge.

(45) We are all responsible for what is happening around us. (46) Responsible for all the bad and all the good. (47) And one should not think that a real test comes to a person only in some special, fatal moments: in war, during some kind of catastrophe. (48) No, not only in exceptional circumstances, not only in the hour of mortal danger, human courage is tested under a bullet. (49) It is constantly tested,
in the most ordinary everyday affairs.

(50) There is only one courage. (51) It requires that a person always be able to overcome the monkey within himself: in battle, on the street, at a meeting. (52) After all, the word “courage” does not have a plural form. (53) It is the same in any conditions.

(According to F.A. Vigdorova*)

* Frida Abramovna Vigdorova (1915–1965) – Soviet writer and journalist.

Show full text

Fear...Under what circumstances is it important to be able to overcome it? Frida Abramovna Vigdorova reflects on this difficult question in her text.

Talking about fear, the writer talks about its many faces. She focuses her attention on the fact that even the bravest person, who was not afraid to die on the battlefield, may be “afraid to say a word in favor of justice.” To further explore the problem, the author gives the example of a boy who broke glass. He was not afraid to put his life in danger by swimming across the river and flying from the mountain, but the boy was afraid to admit what he had done.

Frida Abramovna Vigdorova strives to convey the idea that not only in war and in the hour of mortal danger, but also in peaceful life, a person must overcome fear by showing courage.

I cannot but agree with the opinion of the Soviet writer. Sometimes it takes even more courage to overcome the fear that overtakes a person in everyday affairs than in war.

There are many examples in Russian literature confirming

Criteria

• 1 of 1 K1 Formulation of source text problems
• 3 of 3 K2