“The Fate of Man” by M. Sholokhov - a heroic song about a strong personality

The fate of the people in tragic periods
history (based on the works of M.A. Sholokhov)War as a tragedy of the people in Russian literature of the 20th centuryGreat
The Patriotic War ended 55 years ago, but the memory of it is alive and will live forever, because it was in
This war revealed the best features of the Russian national character: his courage, fortitude, mass heroism
and patriotism. Our people broke the back of the fascist beast, under whose feet Europe lay submissively. Yes, we
We won, but this victory came at too high a price. The war became not only the triumph of the people, but its greatest
tragedy. She left destroyed cities, extinct villages. She brought death to a whole generation of young people,
healthy, talented people. The flower of the nation was destroyed. How many of them, the great defenders of the homeland, died in
air battles, burned in tanks, killed in infantry?! Both heroic and tragic in the war were clearly seen by M.A.
Sholokhov captured it in the story “The Fate of a Man.” This is a story about a common man in a big war. Russian
the man went through all the horrors of the war imposed on him and at the cost of enormous, irreparable personal losses and
tragic hardships, he defended his homeland, asserting the great right to life, freedom and independence of his homeland.
The story raises the problem of the psychology of the Russian soldier - a person who embodied the typical traits
national character. The reader is presented with the life story of an ordinary person. Humble worker
the father of the family lived and was happy in his own way. And suddenly there was war... Andrei Sokolov went to the front to defend his homeland.
Like thousands of others just like him. The war tore him away from his home, from his family, from peaceful work. And all
his life seemed to go downhill. All the troubles of the wartime befell the soldier, life suddenly began for nothing.
beat and whip him with all your might. The feat of man appears in Sholokhov’s story mainly not on the battlefield and
not on the labor front, but in conditions of fascist captivity, behind the barbed wire of a concentration camp. In spiritual
combat with fascism reveals the character of Andrei Sokolov, his courage. Far from the front, the soldier survived
all the hardships of war, the inhuman bullying of the fascists. Andrei had to endure a lot of terrible torment in two
years of captivity. After the Germans poisoned him with dogs, so much so that his skin and meat flew in shreds, and then
kept in a punishment cell for a month for escaping, beaten with fists, rubber sticks and all kinds of iron, trampled underfoot,
They were given almost no food and were forced to work a lot. And more than once death looked him in the eye, each time he found
he had courage and, despite everything, remained human. He refused to drink on Muller's orders for victory
German weapons, although he knew that he could be shot for this. But he sees not only in a clash with the enemy
Sholokhov is a manifestation of a heroic person in nature. His losses become no less serious trials.
The terrible grief of a soldier, deprived of loved ones and shelter, his loneliness. After all, Andrei Sokolov, who came out of the war
the winner, who returned peace and tranquility to people, he himself lost everything he had in life, love, happiness... Harsh fate
did not even leave the soldier shelter on earth. In the place where the house built by his hands stood, there was a dark crater
from a German air bomb. Andrei Sokolov, after everything that he had experienced, it seemed that he could become embittered,
become bitter, break down, but he does not grumble at the world, does not withdraw into his grief, but goes to people. Left alone on
in this world, this man gave all the warmth that remained in his heart to the orphan Vanyusha, replacing his father. And again
life takes on a lofty human meaning: to raise a man out of this ragamuffin, out of this orphan. With all logic
In his story, M.A. Sholokhov proved that his hero is in no way broken and cannot be broken by life.
Having gone through difficult trials, he retained the main thing: his human dignity, love of life,
humanity, helping to live and work. Andrey remained kind and trusting of people. I believe that in “Fate”
person” sounds an appeal to the whole world. To every person. Stop for a minute. Think about what it means
war, what it can bring. The end of the story is preceded by the author’s leisurely thought, a lot of thought
who has seen and known a person in life. In this reflection there is an affirmation of the greatness and beauty of what is truly human.
Glorification of courage, perseverance, glorification of a man who withstood the blows of a military storm, endured
impossible. Two themes - tragic and heroic, feat and suffering - are constantly intertwined in the story
Sholokhov, forming a single whole. The sufferings and exploits of Sokolov are not an episode connected with the fate of one
people, this is the fate of Russia, the fate of millions of people who participated in the brutal and bloody struggle against
fascism, but despite everything they won, and at the same time remained human. This is the main point
story "The Fate of Man". The story “The Fate of Man” is addressed to our days, to the future, and reminds us of
what a person should be, reminds us of those moral principles without which life itself loses its meaning and
to which we must be faithful in all circumstances.

/ / / The moral feat of man in Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man”

The remarkable Russian writer Mikhail Sholokhov was not afraid to pose difficult moral questions in his works and resolve them. The most frequent themes in his work were man and war. In the story “The Fate of Man,” the author showed the moral feat of a true humanist, who not only survived after going through all the tests, but also did not become embittered at everyone.

The whole story is permeated with the writer’s faith in the resilience of the Russian people. This is confirmed by many striking episodes. The main character Andrei Sokolov went to the front. And at first he was lucky, but one day he is captured by the Germans.

The first moral test that the hero experiences there is connected with other prisoners. He accidentally overhears a conversation from which it is clear that one of the prisoners wants to inform on a colleague. Andrei cannot allow an innocent person to suffer, and therefore commits lynching of the traitor.

The second test involves denunciation of himself. The Germans did not spare prisoners of war and forced them to work in a stone quarry, demanding a very large amount of output per day. Sokolov once dropped a careless phrase about the injustice of such an attitude. The next day he was summoned to the camp commandant. Everyone understood that this was tantamount to execution. But the incredible happened - the hero survived and even emerged victorious from the situation.

How did this happen, and what did Sokolov do? The commandant loved to mock prisoners and show his power. Therefore, when Andrei entered the room, he saw a table with all kinds of food. It was torture for a starving man. But Andrei did not rush to the table, did not beg for a piece of bread, as his enemies expected, but found the strength to turn away from the table. The hero behaved with dignity, did not chicken out and did not go back on his words in order to avoid execution. Then the Lagerführer, as the commandant was called, invited Sokolov to drink their weapons to the victory. When the hero refused to do this, he was offered a drink to his unfortunate fate. Andrey drinks three times, refusing to have a snack. At the same time, he stood firmly on his feet, although for an exhausted body this was almost impossible. The commandant was amazed by the resilience of the Russian soldier and made an unexpected decision - to pardon him and give him some food.

The writer shows that the hero won due to the fact that he turned out to be a morally steadfast person and did not sink to the level of a hungry beast.

Shown in many episodes as a morally high person. But his most important feat was the decision to adopt Vanyusha. When the hero is left completely alone without a family, he accidentally meets an equally lonely person, a little boy. Vanechka had no one left in his early years; he didn’t even have a place to lay his head. Andrei decides that he will not let Vanechka disappear and takes him for his son. The hero saves the child and thereby saves himself. After all, the boy becomes his new meaning in life.

The moral feat of man in Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man” is in perseverance, humanity, and thirst for life.

M. Sholokhov posed and resolved serious philosophical and moral problems in his works. In all the writer’s works, in one context or another, the interweaving of two main themes can be traced: the theme of man and the theme of war.
In “The Fate of Man,” Sholokhov reminds the reader of the disasters that the Great Patriotic War brought to the Russian people, of the fortitude of a person who withstood all the torment and did not break. Sholokhov's story is permeated with boundless faith in the spiritual strength of the Russian person.
The plot is based on vivid psychological episodes. Farewell to the front, captivity, attempted escape, second escape, news of the family. Such rich material would be enough for a whole novel, but Sholokhov managed to fit it into a short story.
Sholokhov based the plot on a real story told to the author in the first post-war year by a simple driver who had just returned from the war. There are two voices in the story: “led” by Andrei Sokolov, the main character. The second voice is the voice of the author, listener, random interlocutor.
Andrei Sokolov's voice in the story is a frank confession. He told a stranger about his entire life, pouring out everything that he had kept in his soul for years. The landscape background for Andrei Sokolov's story was surprisingly unmistakably found. The junction of winter and spring. And it seems that only in such circumstances could the life story of a Russian soldier be heard with the breathtaking frankness of confession.
This man had a hard time in life. He goes to the front and is captured in inhuman living conditions. But he had a choice; he could have ensured a tolerable life for himself by agreeing to inform on his own comrades.
Once at work, Andrei Sokolov carelessly spoke about the Germans. His statement cannot be called a remark thrown at the enemy, it was a cry from the soul: “Yes, one square meter of these stone slabs is enough for the grave of each of us.”
A well-deserved reward was the opportunity to see my family. But, having arrived home, Andrei Sokolov learns that the family has died, and in the place where the family home stood there is a deep hole overgrown with weeds. Andrei's son dies in the last days of the war, when the long-awaited victory was just around the corner.
The author's voice helps us to comprehend human life as a phenomenon of an entire era, to see in it universal human content and meaning. But in Sholokhov’s story, another voice sounded - a ringing, clear child’s voice, which seemed not to know the full extent of all the troubles and misfortunes that befall the human lot. Having appeared at the beginning of the story so carefree and loud, he then leaves, this boy, in order to become a direct participant in the final scenes, the protagonist of a high human tragedy.
All that remains in Sokolov’s life are memories of his family and an endless road. But life cannot consist of only black stripes. The fate of Andrei Sokolov brought him together with a boy of about six years old, as lonely as he was. Nobody needed the grimy boy Vanyatka. Only Andrei Sokolov took pity on the orphan, adopted Vanyusha, and gave him all his unspent fatherly love.
It was a feat, a feat not only in the moral sense of the word, but also in the heroic one. In Andrei Sokolov’s attitude towards childhood, towards Vanyusha, humanism won a great victory. He triumphed over the inhumanity of fascism, over destruction and loss.
Sholokhov focuses the reader’s attention not only on the episode of Sokolov’s meeting with the orphan Vanya. The scene in the church is also very colorful. The Germans shot a man only because he asked to go outside so as not to desecrate God’s temple. In the same church, Andrei Sokolov kills a man. Sokolov killed a coward who was ready to betray his commander.
Andrei Sokolov endured so much in his life, but he did not become embittered at fate, at people, he remained a man with a kind soul, a sensitive heart, capable of love and compassion. Perseverance, tenacity in the struggle for life, the spirit of courage and camaraderie - these qualities not only remained unchanged in the character of Andrei Sokolov, but also increased.
Sholokhov teaches humanism. This concept cannot be turned into a beautiful word. After all, even the most sophisticated critics, discussing the topic of humanism in the story “The Fate of Man,” talk about a great moral feat. Joining the opinion of critics, I would like to add one thing: you need to be a real person in order to be able to endure all the grief, tears, parting, death of relatives, the pain of humiliation and insults and not after that become a beast with a predatory look and an eternally embittered soul, but remain human.

Nobody likes war. But for thousands of years people suffered and died, destroyed others, burned and broke. To conquer, take possession, destroy, take over - all this was born in greedy minds both in the depths of centuries and in our days. One force collided with another. Some attacked and robbed, others defended and tried to preserve. And during this confrontation, everyone had to show everything they were capable of. There are enough examples of heroism, courage, perseverance and bravery in Russian history. This is the invasion of the Tatar-Mongols, when the Russians had to, without sparing themselves, fight for every piece of their native land, when their multimillion-strong army was forced to take cities for weeks, defended by one or two hundred heroes. Or during the invasion of Napoleon, beautifully described by Tolstoy in “War and Peace,” we meet the boundless strength, courage and unity of the Russian people. Each individual person and the entire nation were a hero. The larger the world's population became, the more hatred accumulated in the hearts, the more fierce the wars became. With the development of science, military technology and military art also improved. Everything depended less on each individual person; everything was decided in battles of huge armies and equipment. Still, people remained the determining factor. The combat effectiveness of companies, regiments, and armies depended on the behavior of each. There are no superheroes in war. All heroes. Everyone accomplishes their own feat: some are eager to fight, facing bullets, others, outwardly invisible, establish communications and supplies, work in factories until exhaustion, and save the wounded. Therefore, it is the fate of an individual person that is especially important for writers and poets. Mikhail Sholokhov told us about a wonderful man. The hero experienced a lot and proved what strength a Russian person can have.
Before the war, he lived an ordinary, inconspicuous life. He worked “in a carpentry artel, then went to a factory and learned to be a mechanic.” I found myself a good, kind, loving wife. Their children were born and went to school. Everything was calm, quiet, smooth. And the man began to think about a happy old age. “And here it is, war.” It crosses out all hopes and forces you to leave your home. But duty to the Motherland and to himself forces Sokolov to boldly go to meet the enemy. Any person experiences terrible torment when separated from his beloved family, and only truly courageous people can go to death not only for the sake of their home and relatives, but also for the sake of the life and peace of other people.
But fighting is not as easy as it seems. It is difficult to maintain order and clarity during combat. Where is the enemy, where are our friends, where to go, who to shoot at - everything is mixed up. So Sokolov, in the chaos of the war, was shell-shocked and captured. “I woke up, but I couldn’t get to my feet: my head was twitching, I was shaking all over, as if I had a fever, there was darkness in my eyes...” That’s when the Nazis took him. And here, in captivity, the most terrible trials begin. People are cut off from their homeland, there is no chance of survival, and they are also subjected to bullying and torture. “They beat you because you are Russian, because you still look at the world...” They fed me poorly: water, gruel, sometimes bread. And they forced me to work from morning to evening.
But being in captivity does not mean being useless to the country. This is not betrayal, not weakness. Even in captivity there is a place for heroic deeds. You must not lose heart, you must believe in victory, believe in your strength and not lose hope of deliverance. Despite the fact that a person has been deprived of shoulder straps and weapons, he must still remain a soldier and be faithful to his homeland to the end. This is why Sokolov cannot accept Kryzhnev’s betrayal. This vile and vile man is ready to betray his friends for the sake of his life. “Your shirt is closer to your body,” says this nonentity. And therefore, fulfilling his soldier’s duty, Sokolov strangled the traitor with his own hands and did not experience either pity or shame, but only disgust: “... as if I were not strangling a person, but some kind of creeping reptile...” Much more Sokolov had to see and experience in captivity. They drove them all over Germany, humiliated them, forced them to bend their backs. And more than once death passed nearby. But the strongest, most acute test happened to Sokolov during a meeting with the commandant of the B-14 camp, when a real threat of death hung over

In M. A. Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man" we see not just a story, but really the fate of a man who embodies the typical features of the national Russian character. Andrei Sokolov, a humble worker, the father of a family, lived and was happy in his own way. But suddenly there is war... Sokolov went to the front to defend his homeland. Like thousands of others like him, Andrei faced inevitable and inevitable horrors during the war. She tore him away from his home, from his family, from work. Andrei Sokolov’s existence seemed to have capsized; not long ago such a happy life suddenly began to beat and whip him with all its might. Why was this man punished like this? Sokolov's suffering is not an episode related to the private fate of a person. . The horrors of the Second World War were imposed on the Russian people, and at the cost of enormous sacrifices and personal losses, tragic shocks and hardships, he defended his Motherland. This is the meaning of the story "The Fate of Man." In Sholokhov’s story, a man’s feat appeared mainly not on the battlefield or on the labor front, but in conditions of fascist captivity, behind the barbed wire of a concentration camp. In the spiritual combat with fascism, the character of Andrei Sokolov and his courage are revealed. Andrei Sokolov survived all the hardships of the war far from his homeland. His share is the inhumane trials of fascist captivity. More than once death looked him in the eye. And the whole point of the story is that every time Andrei Sokolov found the courage to remain human. But not only in a clash with the enemy does Sholokhov see a manifestation of the heroic nature of a person. No less serious test for the hero is his loss, the loss of loved ones and home, his loneliness. After all, Andrei Sokolov emerged victorious from the war, returned peace to the world, but in the war he himself lost everything he had in life “for himself”: family, love, happiness. A merciless and heartless fate did not even leave the soldier a shelter on earth. In the place where his house stood, built by him, there was a dark crater left by a German air bomb. Andrei Sokolov says to his random interlocutor: “Sometimes you don’t sleep at night, you look into the darkness with empty eyes and think: “Why, life, did you cripple me like that? “I don’t have an answer, either in the dark or in the clear sun... No, and I can’t wait!” After all that he experienced, Andrei Sokolov, it would seem, could consider life a curse. But he does not complain about the world, does not withdraw into his grief, but goes to people. Left alone in this world, this man gave all the warmth that remained in his heart to the orphan Vanyusha, replacing his father. He adopted an orphan and that is why he himself began to gradually return to life. M.A. Sholokhov proved with all the logic of his story that his hero is in no way broken and cannot be broken. Having gone through the most difficult trials, he retained the most important thing - human and civil dignity, love of life, humanity, which help to live, fight, and work. . He is kind, trusting of people, caring, helpful with his comrades, attentive to a person in trouble, fair and under no circumstances loses his high human dignity, conscience, and honor. His moral ties with people are so strong that even the most difficult experiences of the war could not break them. Andrey Sokolov M. Sholokhova is a truly Russian person, the best representative of a great people

and a person” is written in the usual Sholokhov manner: the plot is built on vivid psychological episodes. Seeing off to the front, captivity, first meetings with the Germans on the road, attempted escape, explanations with Muller, second escape, news about the family, news about the son. Such rich material would be enough for a whole novel, but Sholokhov managed to fit it into a short story. The plot of “The Fate of Man” by M. Sholokhov was based on a real story told to the author in the first post-war year, on the day of the big spring flood, by a simple driver who had just returned from the war. There are two voices in the story. The first belongs to Andrei Sokolov, the main character, talking about his life. The second voice is the voice of the author, the listener, the casual interlocutor. Andrey Sokolov had a hard time in life. First, he goes to the front, leaving his wife and children at home, then falls into fascist captivity. How many humiliations, insults, and beatings the hero had to endure in captivity. A well-deserved reward for such perseverance of soul was the opportunity to see his family. But, having arrived home, Andrei learns that the family has died, and in the place where their home stood there is a deep hole filled with rusty water and overgrown with weeds. It would seem that all that is left in Andrei Sokolov’s life is weeds and rusty water, but he learns from his neighbors that his son is at the front. However, here too, fate did not spare the man tormented by grief: Andrei’s son dies in the last days of the war, when the long-awaited victory was just a stone’s throw away. The author's voice helps us not only to experience, but also to comprehend an individual human life as a phenomenon of an entire era, to see in it universal human content and meaning. But in Sholokhov’s story another voice was heard - a ringing, clear child’s voice. Having appeared at the beginning of the story so carefree and loud, he leaves then in the final scenes to become a direct participant, the protagonist of a high human tragedy. In “The Fate of Man,” a humanistic condemnation of war and the fascist regime is heard not only in the story of Andrei Sokolov. With no less force of a curse, it is heard in the story of Vanyusha. And what an ineradicable power of goodness, the beauty of the soul is revealed to us in Andrei Sokolov, in the way he treated the orphan. He returned Vanyushka’s joy, protected him from pain, suffering and sorrow. It was here, in Andrei Sokolov’s attitude towards childhood, towards Vanyusha, that humanism won a great victory. M. Sholokhov focuses the reader’s attention not only on the episode of Sokolov’s meeting with the orphan Vanya. The scene in the church is also very colorful. The cruel Germans shot a man only because he asked to go outside so as not to desecrate a shrine, God’s temple. In the same church, Andrei Sokolov kills a man. But not the way real cold-blooded killers do - he saved another person from imminent execution (the Germans killed all communists and Jews). Andrei Sokolov endured so much in his life, but he was not broken, did not become embittered at fate, at people, at himself, he remained a man with a kind soul, a sensitive heart, capable of pity, love and compassion. Perseverance, the spirit of courage and camaraderie - all these qualities not only remained unchanged in the character of Andrei Sokolov, but also increased. Joining the opinion of critics, I would like to add one thing: you need to be a great personality, a real person, in order to be able to endure all the grief, misfortune, tears, separation, death of relatives, the pain of humiliation and insults and not become after that a beast with a predatory look and an eternally embittered soul, but to remain a person with an open soul and a kind heart.

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