home-Dresses-Art the importance of such works for. On some general “laws” of art

Art the importance of such works for. On some general “laws” of art

No matter how complex and unpredictable our life may be, there are always moments and events that decorate it and make it beautiful. We always try to strive for the best, for something good. Living, loving, doing something useful for yourself and society is wonderful. The role of art is as important as life itself. Everything that surrounds us is a kind of art.

Even in ancient times, our ancestors tried to depict some pictures, events of their lives, battles, and hunting on walls, pieces of leather, and stones. At that time, they had no idea that their attempts would bring a lot of new knowledge for humanity in the future. Their sculptures, utensils, weapons, clothes are of great importance, thanks to these finds we know the history of the development of our ancestors. Then they had no idea that everything they did was art, and that the role of art in human life would be very great.

Cultural development and morality are promoted different directions art (the essence of which is to show and teach the real and wonderful world). With the help of music, poetry of professionals and amateurs, we can understand the aesthetic perception of our world. Therefore, the role of art in human life is simply enormous!

Artists, sculptors, poets, musicians and every person who tries to convey through their creativity the perception and vision of something special that surrounds us, occupies an important place in the cultural development of humanity. Even Small child Having made his first drawing, appliqué or craft, he has already to some extent touched the world of art. At an older age, as a teenager, his tastes in choosing a clothing style, preferences in music, books and his perception of life are formed. Worldview and aesthetic taste are aligned in logical chain in direct communication with works of art, but only personal assessment influences the choice and formation of taste. Therefore, it is necessary to encounter the world of art and real masterpieces more often.

The role of art in human life is so great that, once having acquired the habit of visiting museums and art galleries, read interesting books, poetry, you will want to touch the spiritual and historical world, meet new and interesting people, get to know the artistic creations of other peoples, get acquainted with their history and culture. All this brings variety and bright colors into our lives, contributes to the desire to live better, more interesting. There is a lot of spiritual wealth around us and the role of art in modern world takes no last place. Having touched the beautiful, a person tries to bring as many beautiful things into his life as possible, strives for the perfection of his body and speech, correct behavior and communication with other people. Studying and communicating with art, there is a desire to come up with something new and original, you want to create and invent.

Gorbunova Yulia

Research work on the topic "The role of art in human life"

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  1. Introduction
  2. Main part

2.1.The concept of art.

2.2.Types of art

2.3.Functions of art

2.4.The role of art in human life

2.5.Life is short, art is eternal.

  1. Conclusion
  2. Literature

1. Introduction.

I chose to work on the topic “The Role of Art in Human Life” because I wanted to deepen and generalize my knowledge about art. I was interested in expanding my horizons and finding out what functions art performs, what the role of art is in a person’s life, in order to further talk about this from the point of view of a knowledgeable person.

I consider the chosen topic of work to be relevant, since certain aspects of the topic have not been fully studied and the research conducted is aimed at bridging this gap. She encourages me to demonstrate intellectual abilities, moral and communication qualities;

Before starting work, I conducted a survey among students at our school. By asking them a few questions in order to identify their attitude towards art. The following results were obtained.

Total people surveyed.

  1. What role do you think art plays in modern human life?

Greater %

No %

Helps to live %

  1. What does art teach us and does it teach us at all?

Beauty %

Understanding life %

Doing the right thing %

Broadens the mind %

Doesn't teach anything

  1. What types of art do you know?

Theater %

Movie %

Music %

Painting %

Architecture %

Sculpture %

Other types of art %

  1. What type of art do you practice or are passionate about?

Passionate %

Not passionate %

  1. Have there been times when art has played a role in your life?

Yes %

No %

The survey showed that the work will help people understand the significance of art and, I think, will attract many, if not to engage in art, then to arouse interest in the problem.

My work also has practical significance, because the materials can be used to prepare for an essay on literature, for oral presentations in classes in fine art, art and art, and in the future to prepare for exams.

Target works: to prove the importance of various types of art in human life;show how art influences the formation of the spiritual culture of a person’s personality; arouse people's interest in the world of art.

Tasks - reveal the essence of art, consider the relationship between man and art in society, consider the main functions of art in society, their meaning and role for humans.

Problematic issues: How does art express human feelings and the world around us?

Why do they say “life is short, but art is eternal”?

What is art? When, how and why did art arise?

What role does art play in a person’s life and in my life?

Expected Result

After familiarizing yourself with my work, a higher level of development of an emotional and value-based attitude towards the world, the phenomena of life and art is expected; understanding the place and role of art in people's lives.

2. Main part

2.1.The concept of art

“Art gives wings and carries you far, far!” -
the writer saidChekhov A.P.

How nice it would be if someone created a device that would show the degree of influence of art on a person, society as a whole, and even on nature. How do painting, music, literature, theater, cinema affect human health and the quality of his life? Is it possible to measure and predict such an impact? Of course, culture as a whole, as a combination of science, art and education, is capable of beneficially influencing both the individual and society as a whole when choosing the right direction and priorities in life.

Art is a creative understanding of the world around us by a talented person. The fruits of this understanding belong not only to its creators, but to all humanity living on planet Earth.

Immortal beautiful creations ancient Greek sculptors and architects, Florentine mosaic masters, Raphael and Michelangelo... Dante, Petrarch, Mozart, Bach, Tchaikovsky. It takes your breath away when you try to grasp with your mind everything created by geniuses, preserved and continued by their descendants and followers.

IN primitive society primitive creativityis born with a viewHomo sapiensas a way human activity for solving practical problems. Originating in the eraMiddle Paleolithic, primitive artreached its peak about 40 thousand years ago, and was a social product of society, embodying new level mastering reality. The oldest works of art, such as a shell necklace found in South Africa, date back to 75 millennium BC. e. and more. In the Stone Age, art was represented by primitive rituals, music, dances, all kinds of body decorations, geoglyphs - images on the ground, dendrographs - images on the bark of trees, images on animal skins, cave paintings, rock paintings,petroglyphs and sculpture.

The emergence of art is associated withgames, rituals And rituals, including those causedmythologically- magicalrepresentations.

Nowadays the word “art” is often used in its original, very broad meaning. This is any skill in carrying out any tasks that requires some kind of perfection of its results. In a narrower sense of the word, this is creativity “according to the laws of beauty.” Works artistic creativity, like works of applied art, are created according to the “laws of beauty”. A work of art, like all other types of social consciousness, is always a unity of the object cognized in it and the subject cognizing this object.

In primitive, pre-class society, art as a special variety of social consciousness did not yet exist independently. It was then in unity with mythology, magic, religion, with legends about past life, with primitive geographical ideas, with moral requirements.

And then art stood out among them as a special, specific variety. It has become one of the forms of development of social consciousness of various peoples. That is how it should be viewed.

Thus, art is a type of consciousness of society; it is artistic content, not scientific. L. Tolstoy, for example, defined art as a means of exchanging feelings, contrasting it with science as a means of exchanging thoughts.

Art is often compared to a reflective mirror, reflecting reality through the thoughts and feelings of the creator. Through it, this mirror reflects those phenomena of life that attracted the artist’s attention and excited him.

Here one can rightfully discern one of the most important specific features of art as a type of human activity.

Any product of labor - be it a tool, a tool, a machine or a means of supporting life - is created for some special need. Even such products of spiritual production as scientific research may well remain accessible and important to a narrow group of specialists, without losing anything in their social significance.

But a work of art can be recognized as such only if its content is universal, “of general interest.” The artist is called upon to express something that is equally important for both the driver and the scientist, which is applicable to their life not only to the extent of the specificity of their profession, but also to the extent of their involvement in national life, the ability to be a person, to be a person.

2.2. Kinds of art

Depending on the material means with the help of which works of art are constructed, three groups of types of art objectively arise: 1) spatial, or plastic (painting, sculpture, graphics, art photography, architecture, arts and crafts and design), i.e. those that unfold their images in space; 2) temporary (verbal and musical), i.e. those where images are built in time, and not in real space; 3) spatiotemporal (dance; acting art and all based on it; synthetic - theater, cinema, television, variety and circus, etc.), i.e. those whose images have both extension and duration, physicality and dynamism. Each type of art is directly characterized by the method of material existence of its works and the type of figurative signs used. Within these limits, all its types have varieties, determined by the characteristics of a particular material and the resulting originality of the artistic language.

Yes, varieties verbal art are oral creativity and written literature; types of music - vocal and different types of instrumental music; varieties performing arts- dramatic, musical, puppetry, shadow theater, as well as stage and circus; varieties of dance - everyday dance, classical, acrobatic, gymnastic, ice dance, etc.

On the other hand, each type of art has generic and genre divisions. The criteria for these divisions are defined in different ways, but the very existence of such types of literature as epic, lyric poetry, drama is obvious. visual arts, such as easel, monumental-decorative, miniature, such genres of painting as portrait, landscape, still life...

Thus, art, taken as a whole, is a historically established system of various specific methods of artistic exploration of the world,

each of which has features that are common to all and individually unique.

2.3. Functions of art

Art has similarities and differences with other forms of social consciousness. Just like science, it objectively reflects reality and cognizes its important and essential aspects. But unlike science, which masters the world with the help of abstract theoretical thinking, art understands the world through imaginative thinking. Reality appears in art holistically, in the richness of its sensory manifestations.

Unlike science, artistic consciousness does not set itself the goal of providing any special information about private branches of social practice and identifying their patterns, such as physical, economic, etc. The subject of art is everything that is interesting for a person in life.

Those goals that the author or creator intentionally and consciously sets for himself while working on a work have a direction. It could be some kind of political purpose, a commentary on social status, the creation of a certain mood or emotion, a psychological effect, an illustration of something, the promotion of a product (in the case of advertising) or simply the transmission of some kind of message.

  1. Means of communication.In his simplest form art is a means of communication. Like most other forms of communication, it carries with it the intention of conveying information to the audience. For example, scientific illustration is also an art form that exists to convey information. Another example of this kind is geographic Maps. However, the content of the message is not necessarily scientific. Art allows you to convey not only objective information, but also emotions, mood, and feelings.
  2. Art as entertainment. The purpose of art may be to create a mood or emotion that helps one relax or have fun. Very often, cartoons or video games are created for this very purpose.
  3. Vanguard, art for political change.One of the defining goals of early 20th-century art was to create works that provoked political change. The directions that have emerged for this purpose are:Dadaism, surrealism, Russian constructivism, abstract expressionism- collectively referred to asavant-garde.
  4. Art for psychotherapy.Psychologists and psychotherapists can use art for therapeutic purposes. A special technique based on the analysis of the patient’s drawings is used to diagnose the state of personality and emotional status. In this case, the ultimate goal is not diagnosis, but mental health.
  5. Art for social protest, overthrow of the existing order and/or anarchy.As a form of protest, art may not have any specific political purpose, but may be limited to criticism of the existing regime or some aspect of it.

2.4. The role of art in human life

All types of arts serve the greatest of arts - the art of living on earth.
Bertolt Brecht

Now it is impossible to imagine that ourlifewould not be accompanied by art,creation. Where and whenever you liveHuman, even at the dawn of his development, he tried to comprehend the world around him, which means he strove to understand and figuratively, intelligibly pass on the acquired knowledge to future generations. This is how wall paintings appeared in caves - ancient human settlements. And this is born not only from the desire to protect one’s descendants from the mistakes already made by one’s ancestors, but from the transfer of the beauty and harmony of the world, admiration for the perfect creations of nature.

Humanity did not mark time, it progressively moved forward and higher, and art also developed, accompanying man at all stages of this long and painful path. If you look at the Renaissance, you admire the heights that artists and poets, musicians and architects reached. The immortal creations of Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci still fascinate with their perfection and deep awareness of the role of man in the world, where he is destined to walk his short but beautiful, sometimes tragic path.

Art is one of the most important stages in human evolution. Art helps a person to look at the world with different points vision. With each era, with each century, it is improved more and more by man. At all times, art has helped people develop their abilities and improve abstract thinking. Over the centuries, man has tried more and more to change art, improve it, and deepen his knowledge. Art is the great mystery of the world, in which the secrets of the history of our lives are hidden. Art is our history. Sometimes you can find answers to questions that even the most ancient manuscripts cannot answer.
Today, a person can no longer imagine life without a read novel, without a new movie, without a theater premiere, without a fashionable hit and a loved one. music group, without art exhibitions... In art, a person finds new knowledge, answers to vital questions, peace from the everyday bustle, and pleasure. A real work of art is always in tune with the thoughts of readers, viewers, and listeners. A novel can tell about a distant historical era, about people who seem to have a completely different way and style of life, but the feelings with which people at all times were imbued are understandable to the current reader, consonant with him, if the novel was written by a real master. Let Romeo and Juliet live in Verona in ancient times. It is not the time or place of action that determines my perception great love and true friendship, described by the brilliant Shakespeare.

Russia has not become a distant province of art. Even at the dawn of its emergence, it declared loudly and boldly about its right to stand next to greatest creators Europe: “The Tale of Igor’s Host”, icons and paintings by Andrei Rublev and Theophanes the Greek, cathedrals of Vladimir, Kyiv and Moscow. We are not only proud of the amazing proportions of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl and the Moscow Intercession Cathedral, better known as St. Basil's Cathedral, but also sacredly honor the names of the creators.

It is not only ancient creations that attract our attention. We constantly encounter works of art in Everyday life. By visiting museums and exhibition halls, we want to join that wonderful world, which is accessible first only to geniuses, and then to others, we learn to understand, see, absorb the beauty that has already become part of our everyday life.

Pictures, music, theater, books, films give a person incomparable joy and satisfaction, make him sympathize. Eliminate all this from the life of a civilized person, and he will turn, if not into an animal, then into a robot or zombie. The riches of art are inexhaustible. It is impossible to visit all the museums in the world, you cannot listen to all the symphonies, sonatas, operas, you cannot review all the masterpieces of architecture, you cannot re-read all the novels, poems, poems. And there's no point. Know-it-alls actually turn out to be superficial people. From all the diversity, a person chooses for his soul what is closest to him, what gives the basis to his mind and feelings.

The possibilities of art are multifaceted. Art shapes intellectual and moral qualities, stimulates Creative skills, promotes successful socialization. IN Ancient Greece Fine art was considered as an effective means of influencing a person. Sculptures representing noble people were exhibited in the galleries. human qualities(“Mercy”, “Justice”, etc.). It was believed that, contemplating beautiful sculptures, a person absorbs all the best that they reflect. The same applies to paintings by great masters.

A group of researchers led by Professor Marina de Tommaso from the University of Bari, Italy, found that beautiful pictures can reduce pain, the Daily Telegraph writes today. Scientists hope that the new results will convince hospitals to take more care in decorating the rooms in which patients are kept.

In the study, a group of people, consisting of both men and women, were asked to look at 300 paintings by masters such as Leonardo da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli, and also select 20 paintings from them that they found the most beautiful and the ugliest. In the next stage, subjects were shown these pictures or nothing at all, leaving a large black wall free for pictures, and at the same time they hit the participants with a short laser pulse, comparable in strength to touching a hot frying pan. It was found that when people look at pictures that they like, pain is felt three times less intensely than when they are forced to look at ugly pictures or a black wall.

Not only children, but often adults too are unable to cope with their emotions. We live by the rules, forcing ourselves with constant “We need, we need, we need...”, forgetting about our desires. Because of this, internal discontent arises, which a person, being a social being, tries to keep to himself. As a result, the body suffers, because negative emotional condition often leads to various diseases. In this case, creativity helps to relieve emotional stress, harmonize the inner world and achieve mutual understanding with others. Of course, this can be not only drawing, but also appliqué, embroidery, photography, modeling from matches, prose, poetry and much more, one way or another related to art.

The question of how literature affects a person, his behavior and psyche, what mechanisms lead to unique experiences and, as a consequence, to changes in a person’s personal characteristics when reading a literary work, has occupied the minds of many scientists and researchers from ancient times to the present. Fiction, providing knowledge of reality, expands the mental horizons of readers of all ages, provides emotional experience that goes beyond what a person could acquire in his life, and forms artistic taste, delivers aesthetic pleasure, which occupies a place in the life of a modern person great place and is one of his needs. But most importantly, the main function fiction- this is the formation in people of deep and lasting feelings that encourage them to think through, determine their worldview, and direct their behavior personality.

Literature is for people a school of feelings and knowledge of reality and forms an idea of ​​the ideal actions of people, of the beauty of the world and relationships. The Word is a great mystery. Its magical power lies in the ability to cause vivid images, transport the reader to another world. Without literature, we would never have known that once upon a time there lived wonderful person and the writer Victor Hugo or, for example, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. We would know nothing about the time in which they lived. Thanks to literature, we become more educated and learn the history of our ancestors.

The influence of music on a person is great. A person hears sound not only with his ears; he hears the sound from every pore of his body. Sound permeates his entire being, and according to a certain influence slows down or speeds up the rhythm of blood circulation; either excites the nervous system or calms it; awakens more in a person strong passions or pacifies him, bringing him peace. According to the sound, a certain effect is produced. Therefore, knowledge of sound can give a person a magical tool to manage, tune, control and use life, as well as help other people to the greatest benefit.It's no secret that art can heal.

Isotherapy, dance therapy, music treatment - these are already common truths.

The creator of musical pharmacology, scientist Robert Shofler, prescribes listening to all the symphonies of Tchaikovsky, “The King of the Forest” by Schubert, and the ode “To Joy” by Beethoven for therapeutic purposes. He claims that these works promote accelerated recovery. And the researchers University of California They experimentally proved that after listening to Mozart’s music for 10 minutes, tests showed an increase in students’ IQ by 8-9 units.

But not all art heals.

For example: Rock music causes the release of stress hormones, which erase some information in the brain, causing aggression or depression. Russian psychologist D. Azarov notes that there is a special combination of notes, he called them killer music, having listened to such notes several times musical phrases, a person develops a gloomy mood and thoughts.

The ringing of bells kills quickly:

  1. typhoid bacteria
  2. viruses.

Classical music (Mozart, etc.) promotes:

  1. general calm
  2. increased milk secretion (by 20%) in nursing mothers.

The rhythmic sounds of some performers, due to their direct effect on the brain, contribute to:

  1. release of stress hormones
  2. memory impairment
  3. weakening (after 1-2 years) of the general condition (especially when listening to music on headphones).

Mantra, or meditative sounds “om”, “aum”, etc., have a vibrating nature.
Vibrations initially contribute to the activation of certain organs and brain structures. At the same time, many different hormones are released into the blood. (This probably helps to do monotonous work with less energy consumption).

Vibrating sounds cause

  1. pleasure - for some people, for others - the same sounds cause
  2. stress response with the release of hormones and a sharp increase in oxidative metabolism.
  1. contributes to a sharp rise in blood pressure,
  2. often leading to heart spasms.

In the literary sources of antiquity we find many examples of the purposeful influence of music on the mental state of people. Plutarch says that Alexander the Great’s fits of furious anger were usually pacified by playing the lyre. The mighty Achilles, according to Homer, tried, by playing the lyre, to cool his “famous” anger, with which the action in the Iliad begins.

There was an opinion that music saves people from imminent death from the bites of poisonous snakes and scorpions. Music was widely recommended as an antidote in these cases by one of the most famous doctors Ancient Rome Galen. Nirkus, a companion of Alexander the Great on his campaigns, having visited India, said that in this country, which abounds in poisonous snakes, singing is considered the only remedy for their bites. How can we explain the miraculous effect of music? Research of our time has shown that music in such cases acts not as an antidote, but as a means of eliminating mental trauma; it helps the victim to suppress the feeling of horror. This is just one example when a person’s health and even life largely depend on his state of mind. But this individual example allows us to judge how great the role is nervous system in organism. It must be taken into account when explaining the mechanism of the impact of art on people's health.

Even more striking is the effect of music on emotions. The influence of music on emotions has been known since ancient times. Music was used for medicinal purposes and in war. Music acts both as a means of distraction from thoughts that disturb a person, and as a means of calming and even healing. Music plays a great role as a means of combating overwork. Music can set a certain rhythm before starting work, or set the mood for deep rest during a break.

Art makes the world of people more beautiful, alive and vibrant. For example, painting: how much has reached our time antique paintings, by which one can determine how people lived two, three, four or more centuries ago. Now there are many paintings painted by our contemporaries, and whatever it is: abstraction, realism, still life or landscape - painting is a wonderful art, with the help of which a person has learned to see the world as bright and colorful.
Architecture is another of the most important forms of art. There are a huge number of beautiful monuments scattered around the world, and they are not just called “monuments” - they contain greatest secrets stories and memories of them. Sometimes these mysteries cannot be solved by scientists around the world.
Of course, in order to perceive the beauty of the art of opera, for example, it is necessary to know its features, to understand the language of music and vocals, with the help of which the composer and singers convey all shades of life and feelings and influence the thoughts and emotions of listeners. The perception of poetry and fine art also requires certain preparation and appropriate understanding. Even interesting story will not captivate the reader if he has not developed the technique expressive reading, if he spends all his energy on composing words from spoken sounds and does not experience their artistic and aesthetic influence.

The effect of art on a person can be long-term or long-term. This emphasizes the great opportunities for using art to obtain a lasting and long-lasting effect, using it for educational purposes, as well as for general health improvement and prevention. Art acts not on any one human ability and strength, be it emotion or intellect, but on the person as a whole. It forms, sometimes unconsciously, the very system of human attitudes.

The artistic genius of D. Moore's famous poster “Have you signed up as a volunteer?”, which was so widely promoted during the Second World War, lies in the fact that it appeals to the human conscience through all the spiritual abilities of man. Those. The power of art lies in appealing to human conscience and awakening its spiritual abilities. And on this occasion we can cite the famous words of Pushkin:

Burn the hearts of people with the verb.

I think this is the true purpose of art.

2.5.Life is short, art is eternal.

Art is eternal and beautiful because it brings beauty and goodness to the world.

A person has very strict requirements and art must reflect these requirements. Artists of classicism looked up to classical examples. They believed that the eternal is unchangeable - therefore it is necessary to learn from Greek and Roman authors. Knights, kings, and dukes very often become heroes. They were convinced that beauty in art is created by truth - therefore a writer should imitate nature and depict life believably. Rigid canons of the theory of classicism appear. Art expert Boileau writes: “The incredible cannot move you, let the truth always look believable.” The writers of classicism approached life from the position of reason; they did not trust feelings, considering them changeable and deceitful. Accurate, reasonable, truthful and beautiful. “You need to think about a thought and only then write.”

Art never gets old. In the book of academician philosopher I.T. Frolov wrote: “The reason for this is the unique originality of works of art, their deeply individualized character, ultimately determined by their constant appeal to man. The unique unity of man and the world in a work of art, “human reality.” The famous Danish physicist Niels Bohr wrote: “The reason why art can enrich us is its ability to remind us of harmonies beyond the reach of systematic analysis.” Art often highlights universal, “eternal” problems: what is good and evil, freedom, human dignity. The changing conditions of each era force us to solve these issues anew.

Art has many faces, is eternal, but, unfortunately, it cannot influence people without their will, mental effort, and a certain work of thought. A person must want to learn to see and understand beauty, then art will have a beneficial effect on him and society as a whole. This will probably happen in the future. In the meantime, talented creators should not forget that their works have the power to influence millions, and this can be beneficial or detrimental.

Let me give you a simple example. For example, an artist painted a picture. The picture depicts negative scenes of murder, there is blood and dirt everywhere, the most chaotic, harsh tones are used, in short, the whole picture has a depressing effect on the viewer, causing negative emotions. The energy emanating from the picture is extremely depressing. So much for the complete relationship between the artist’s thinking and the physical creation of the painting and, accordingly, the viewer or viewers looking at it... Imagine thousands, tens of thousands of such depressing paintings. The same can be said about our cinema. What cartoons do our children watch, not to mention films for adults? And in general, now there is not even such a ban “Under 16” as in the 70s. Complete “negativism”... Imagine how much negative energy there is in the country, in the world, on the whole Earth!.. The same can be said about all types of our art!
“Thoughts combined with actions lead to change. If they are noble, then they liberate, save, promote flourishing. enrich. If they are base, then they enslave, impoverish, weaken, and destroy. If the propaganda of violence, the cult of power, and evil steps onto our screens, we will die after the hapless heroes of these one-day action films.

True art must be beautiful, have a good, humane beginning with centuries-old traditions.

3. Conclusion.

Art plays a vital role in our lives, helping future generations to grow morally. Each generation makes its contribution to the development of humanity, culturally enriching it. Without art, we would hardly be able to look at the world from different points of view, differently, look beyond the ordinary, feel a little more keenly. Art, like a person, has many small veins, blood vessels, and organs.

Passions, aspirations, dreams, images, fears - everything that every person lives with - acquires increativityspecial color and strength.

It is impossible for everyone to be creators, but it is within our power to try to penetrate into the essence of the creation of a genius, to come closer to understanding the beautiful. And the more often we become contemplators of paintings, architectural masterpieces, listeners wonderful music, the better for us and those around us.

Art helps us master science and gradually deepen our knowledge. And as mentioned above, it is a critical part of human development:

Forms a person’s ability to perceive, feel, correctly understand and appreciate the beauty in the surrounding reality and art,

Forms skills in using the means of art to understand people’s lives and nature itself;

Develops a deep understanding of the beauty of nature and the surrounding world. the ability to take care of this beauty;

Arms people with knowledge, and also instills skills in the field available types arts - music, painting, theater, literary expression, architecture;

Develops creativity, skills and abilities to feel and create beauty in the surrounding life, at home, in everyday life;

Develops an understanding of beauty in human relationships, the desire and ability to bring beauty into everyday life.

So, art influences our life from all sides, makes it diverse and bright, lively and interesting, rich, helping a person understand his purpose in this world better and better.Our earthly world made of perfection and imperfection. And it depends only on the person himself how he will make his future, what he will read, what he will listen to, how to speak.

“The best means for cultivating feelings in general, for awakening feelings of beauty, for developing creative imagination, is art itself,” pointed out psychologist N.E. Rumyantseva.

4. Literature

1. Nazarenko-Krivosheina E.P. Are you beautiful, man? - M.: Like. Guard, 1987.

2. Nezhnov G.G. Art in our lives. - M., “Knowledge”, 1975

3. Pospelov G.N. Art and aesthetics. - M.: Art, 1984.

8. Solntsev N.V. Heritage and time. M., 1996.

9. To prepare this work, materials from Internet sites were used.

You moved, got a new job, or met a girl you've liked for a long time. Obviously, you need to look like an interesting person, not bore with empty talk about the weather, and generally not lead the conversation to a dead end. But when we are very stressed, the consciousness can resort to techniques that often sabotage absolutely any communication plan. And in such cases, nothing comes to mind except discussions about the weather. But fortunately, there is art, and to talk about it, you don’t have to be an expert in this field, it’s enough to know the titles and authors of the most popular works.

David statue 1501-1504

Michelangelo

Located at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence

Marble statue of the Old Testament, the second king of the people of Israel. According to the Bible, David reigned for forty years (according to Jewish chronology, this is c. 876 - 836 BC).

Michelangelo depicted a young man preparing to fight Goliath, an enemy many times superior to him in strength. At close examination you can see that the sculpture consists entirely of tense muscles. But at the same time, David is concentrated, eyebrows knitted, in his hands is a sling - an ancient hand weapon. Michelangelo's predecessors, as a rule, depicted David after a victorious battle, therefore the plot from the brilliant sculptor contained a kind of iconographic innovation.

Guernica May 1937

Pablo Picasso

Located in the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid

The revolution and civil war in Spain led to tragic events in Guernica, a city in northern Spain in the Basque Country. During the civil war in April 1937, several thousand bombs were dropped on the city, their total weight was about 40 tons. The city was almost completely burned, the inhabitants died. Picasso was simply shocked by this news. And although he had never been to Guernica, he still set to work on the painting. The first days he painted for 12 hours, the painting was completed a month later.

Picasso's Guernica is an allusion to the chaos of the bombing of the city. For the first time, the picture of the “horrors of war” was presented at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1937. The canvas was not understood at the time; it was called a “propaganda document” and literally turned their backs to her. Today Guernica is one of the most valuable and most famous paintings artist.

Campbell's Soup Cans 1962

Andy Warhole

"Campbell Cans" is an advertising campaign for ready-made soups in cans from Campbell Soup. Work belongs American artist and commercial illustrator Andy Warhol and was first presented to a wide audience at personal exhibition in June 1962. This exhibition is of particular importance in the history of modern art, since it was it that marked the beginning of the development of pop art in West Coast. “Campbell soup cans in the 60-70s were a symbol of the era of mass consumption, and for advertisers from all over the world, the picture is still a symbol today, which set the beginning of the motto - look at the profession more broadly, as an art.

"No. 5" 1948

Paul Jackson Pollock

Private collection

The leader of abstract expressionism and the author of the most significant works of the 20th century is Jackson Pollock. The artist rejected verticality in favor of a horizontal floor, on which he laid huge canvases and painted with a special “splashing” method. By the way, he is the author of this method.

Pollock's works do not pretend to be "images", they are moments and sensations, emotions. In the 50s, Pollock began to give preference to dark colors, even black. The artist's works are being bought by collectors of new art. In 2006, No. 5 was auctioned for $140 million, an amount that remains to this day the largest ever paid for a painting.

Thinker 1880-1882

Gustave Rodin

Located in the Rodin Museum, Paris

Without a doubt, one of the most significant and famous works of the French sculptor Gustave Rodin. The Thinker was originally conceived as part of sculptural composition“The Gates of Hell”, based on the poem “ The Divine Comedy" According to Rodin’s plan, “The Thinker” was supposed to become the image of Dante, but the sculptor gradually moved away from the idea and put a universal image of the creator into the sculpture “The Thinker”. The work was first presented to the general public in 1888. Today there are about 20 copies of the statue, all of them scattered around the world, and one of them, cast in bronze, is installed on Rodin’s grave in Meudon, a suburb of Paris.

Starlight Night June 1889

Vincent Van Gogh

Located at the Museum of Modern Art, New York

Today Van Gogh - recognized figure in the history of fine art, but during his lifetime his work was hardly recognized as painting. The artist’s most recognizable painting, “Starry Night,” was painted during a period of treatment in the psychiatric ward of a hospital in the city of Saint-Rémy; a year after painting the painting, Van Gogh would commit suicide. At that time he will be 37 years old.

Composition VIII 1923

Wassily Kandinsky

Located at the Solomon Guggenheim Museum

Nowadays, any person, regardless of his location, is surrounded by a lot of art objects, since it is not difficult to exhibit and present any object for public viewing; there are a large number of places where to organize an event.

Nowadays art has many different directions than, for example, in the Middle Ages. This is due to the fact that a person develops more, many institutions have appeared where he receives new knowledge, skills and is inspired to create something “beautiful”. The most well-known destination today is “contemporary art”, it is in greater demand, since people learn something completely unusual, unusual for them, thanks to strong interest see something new this direction extremely popular.

“Beautiful” was given to us so that we could improve, gain experience, be well developed and be able to see true beauty, created by gifted people, sometimes a person from a completely different field of activity, not related to art in any way, can become seriously interested in “beautiful” and make his life interesting and varied without the same everyday work life.

Often such global changes benefit people. We should be interested in various types activity, this prevents us from “fading out” and losing the meaning of life. One of man's assistants in this is art.

Life is made up of every day you live, which means that if you want to make your life more interesting, then all your individual days should become more eventful and vibrant.

Instructions

Take a piece of paper and try to extract from your consciousness all the most important things in your life, as well as what surrounds you now. Answer the questions:

What do you do?

What do you want to do?

Do you have a goal for the next five years?

What do you need to do for this?

What don't you like about your life right now?

What do you want to change?

What are you missing?

What do you want to bring into your life?

What are you interesting in?

Once you see a visual “scheme” of your life, you will understand what you need to get out of your head once and for all, and what is really worth doing to make life more interesting.

Come up with interesting activities for yourself. It’s great when they intersect with your work, but if the work in your life is still in the position of making money, you need to find something interesting, or better yet, several. Sign up for a foreign language course, get started spiritual path and go to yoga. Dancing, rock climbing, sculpting or painting - do what lights you up and inspires you.

Having decided on your tasks, start each day. Often, due to laziness or sluggishness, we miss a lot of time and spend it in idleness or unnecessary thoughts. Get yourself a planner and write down everything you do during the week. You will be surprised that with all the variety, you still have a lot of free time, and be sure to figure out what to do with it.

Be open always and everywhere. And, don’t be afraid to discover new things, change your beliefs, learn new things and skills, and meet new people. Go to social events, cultural events, presentations, meetings with unfamiliar interesting people. This creates an irreplaceable natural flow of new ideas into your life that will inspire you and provide you with creative energy.

RUSSIAN INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF TOURISM

VOLOKOLAMSK INSTITUTE OF HOSPITALITY

Department of Natural, Humanitarian and Social Sciences

__________________________________________

Name of the discipline

TOPIC: The place and role of art in the life of society

Completed by: Ishbekova E.I.

Form of study: correspondence

Course 1st group _______

Checked _________________

F. and. O. teacher

Volokolamsk 2008

Introduction. 3

Chapter 1. Art in the space of culture.. 4

1.1 Origin of art. 5

1.2 Art and other forms of culture.. 7

1.3 The nature of the artistic image. 9

1.4 Types of art. 10

Chapter 2. Art as the creation of aesthetic values. 13

2.1 Aesthetic values, their role in human life and society. 13

2.2 Modernism and postmodernism in the art of the twentieth century. 14

Conclusion. 18

References.. 19

Introduction

The purpose of this essay is to be able to understand the essence, laws of functioning and the social role of art, familiarity with which is the most important condition spiritual development person.

The formation of personality in all the versatility of its cultural development, professionalism, conscious discipline, and high morality is both the goal of culture and an indispensable condition for cultural progress.

Art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general character of the culture in which it is created and to which it belongs and represents holistically.

Studying art different nations And different eras, provided that its essence is understood, allows us to understand the general character of the respective cultures.

The essay makes an attempt to determine the place of art in the space of culture, to give an idea of ​​the types of art and the nature of the artistic image.

Chapter 1. Art in the space of culture

Essence artistic culture lies in the fact that the creator (professional, amateur, folk craftsman), thanks to his developed feelings, figuratively perceives and figuratively models some fragment of reality, and then conveys it to the viewer or listener in an aesthetically expressive form. Artistic culture embraces the entire population. So, many people write poetry and music, draw in their youth, some continue to do this throughout their lives. But only what is created by outstanding masters of their craft in the field of artistic activity is preserved for centuries as having the highest value for society and constitutes art. Art is part of artistic culture, its pinnacle.

In artistic creativity, the spiritual and material penetrate each other, forming something third; they are not simply connected, as in the spheres of material and spiritual production, but are mutually identified: for example, a table as a utilitarian, material object can be made of wood, metal, plastic. However, it is impossible to imagine “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” by V. Mukhina made of wood or the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin made of concrete. This spiritual-material integrity, indivisibility, is called artistry. This is thinking in material, through color, words, sound, movement. The content contained in a work of art cannot be conveyed without loss by means of another type of art or simply “retold” in a different way.

The need and importance of studying art and its role in the life of society is explained by the fact that art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general character of the culture (say, primitive, medieval, etc.) in which it is created, to which it belongs and which it holistically represents. Art has a structure similar to culture, since it figuratively reveals what connects culture with nature, society and man. Thus, studying the art of different peoples and different eras allows us to understand the general character of the respective cultures.

The word "art" has many meanings. As artistic creativity, it is delimited from art in the broader sense of the word (skill, skill, craft - the skill of a carpenter, doctor, etc.). It would be more accurate to call artistic activity and what is its result - a work - art.

Art has creative nature. Creativity is the proactive, inspired activity of people and their groups in the name of preserving and strengthening existing values, and most importantly, in the name of their enrichment. Creativity is present in almost all forms of human activity - right down to everyday communication. But the creative impulses and abilities of people are most fully realized in the spheres of socially significant activities: scientific, industrial, state-political, philosophical and, of course, artistic. It is no coincidence that art is usually called artistic creativity.

1.1 Origin of art

The problem of the origin of art remains open and relevant to the present day. IN modern science The most substantiated idea is that art arises in primitive society as a socially conditioned method of human activity, with the help of which people sought to solve some practical problems in their lives. Undoubtedly important role Labor (labor theory) played a role in the origin of art. It was he who provided people with the material means to implement their ideas: improvement of hands, appearance of speech. According to archaeological data, the origin of primitive art occurs 45-40 thousand years ago, when the species HomoSapiens was formed.

The appearance of art is associated with magical and mythological ideas. Mythological and magical images were the main content of ritual actions, rock paintings, and sculptures. Rituals provided better labor activity, happy hunting. People painted, danced, sang because they considered these actions to contribute to success in their daily affairs, in their relationship with natural forces.

Primitive art was undeveloped and interacted in unity with other forms of material and spiritual activity. The mythological, practical and play aspects coexisted in it - painting, music, words, dance were not separated; In ancient times there was no division between creators and consumers of art. Gradually, art stands out from this unity as an independent sphere of spiritual activity. IN magical rituals ancient people, of course, there is a playful element.

Art has enormous and beneficial power to influence the spiritual life of the individual, society, and humanity. Romantic thinkers often even exaggerated the possibilities and public role artistic activity, they placed art above other forms of culture, including science and philosophy.

Art, whose significance for humanity is enormous and unique, at the same time does not need hierarchical elevation above other forms of human activity; it is among the equal facets of culture (science, philosophy, morality, politics, moral and practical consciousness, personal communication and etc.).

1.2 Art and other forms of culture

The place, role, and significance of art in different socio-historical situations was understood differently. It often happened that art was understood as a subordinate, auxiliary phenomenon: in relation to the state (Plato’s aesthetics), to religion and morality (the Middle Ages as the era of the dominance of the church), to the givens of reason (the rationalism of classicism and enlightenment), to official political ideology (30 -50s in the USSR). These opinions are one-sided and historically exhausted. Over time, it became increasingly clear that art has independence (albeit relative) from other phenomena public life that it has its own purpose.

Thinkers and artists of the Romantic era said that art has enormous and beneficial power to influence the spiritual life of the individual, society, and humanity. Romantic thinkers often even exaggerated the possibilities and social role of artistic activity and placed art above other forms of culture, including science and philosophy.

Of course, the truth lies in the middle. Art, whose significance for humanity is enormous and unique, at the same time does not need hierarchical elevation above other forms of human activity; it is among the equal facets of culture (science, philosophy, morality, politics, moral and practical consciousness, personal communication and etc.).

Thus, art interacts with politics: we all know the times of brutal control and censorship in the field of art, the dominance in it of ideological attitudes dictated by the authorities, which, of course, limits or negates the freedom of the creator.

There is a point of view that proclaims the absolute autonomy of art from other spheres of culture (especially from politics, ideology, social life). It is realized in the slogans “pure art” or “art for art’s sake.”

Art and religion. There are entire periods in history in relation to which we can talk about the complete subordination of art to a religious worldview. This is the art of the Middle Ages, Buddhist and muslim art. U religious art its own features: it is symbolic, canonical, and most often impersonal.

A typical example of religious art and its features is Russian orthodox icon, during the creation of which, as believers believe, God guides the hand of the icon painter. This entails an indifferent attitude towards the specific author of the work.

In icon painting, the desire to convey the supernatural in earthly images, through material means, is organically realized. Each type of icon ("Our Lady Hodegetria", "Transfiguration", "Annunciation", etc.) is built according to established canons, most of which in Russia go back to Byzantine models.

An iconographic work, unlike the work of a secular painter, becomes not a reflection real world, but a symbol, a sign through which a person comes into contact with God. The “dissimilarity” between the world in the icon and the real world is deliberate, because the icon is a symbol of the eternal, heavenly world.

The connection between art and philosophy is very deep: art, like philosophy, is the self-consciousness of culture. The worldview and philosophy of a certain era are reflected in art and symbolized by it. This is especially noticeable in the practice of modernism at the beginning of the twentieth century. In Russia in the 19th century, literary works often not only raised philosophical questions, but also formed a picture of the world, philosophical system(for example, we can talk about the philosophy of F.M. Dostoevsky, which is captured in his works of art).

Art and technology also interact, which is especially evident in our time (examples include photography, cinema, television, stage, etc.) Thus, theater today is not only the acting and the work of the director, but also lighting, musical arrangement performance.

1.3 The nature of the artistic image

An artistic image is something new that did not exist in nature. “In a work of art,” wrote V. Korolenko, “we have a world reflected, refracted, perceived by the human soul. The most important feature of an artistic image is that it expresses an emotional and value-based attitude towards the object. Knowledge about the object serves only as a background in it , on which the experiences associated with this object emerge.

Consequently, with the help of visual and expressive means, the author must not only tell about the event, but instill in the audience the experiences and impressions associated with it, i.e. artistic image created with the active participation of the imagination. The artist’s imagination is not only a psychological stimulus for his work, but also a certain reality present in the work.

Another important feature of an artistic image is its conventionality. But not photographicity, not illusoryness, not naturalism in the image are the primary tasks of artistic creativity. Goethe said that if an artist paints a poodle that looks very similar, then one can rejoice at the appearance of another dog, but not a work of art.

It must be added that artistic images created by art often become generally accepted cultural symbols, such as: Hamlet, Othello, Faust, Oblomov, Manilov, etc.

1.4 Types of art

The distinction between types of art is carried out on the basis of elementary, external, formal characteristics of works. Hegel identified and characterized five so-called great arts. This is architecture, sculpture, painting, music, poetry. Along with them, there is dance and pantomime (the arts of body movement), as well as stage direction - the art of creating a chain of mise-en-scenes (in the theater) and shots (in cinema): here the material carrier of imagery is spatial compositions that replace each other in time.

Architecture, decorative and applied arts, sculpture, painting and graphics are spatial arts. All of them operate with volumetric plastic materials in three-dimensional or two-dimensional space. They are also called plastic arts. They differ from each other in their iconic nature.

Architectural arts (architecture, decorative arts, design) do not depict anything in particular; the artistic image is built in them in a non-pictorial way. Therefore, they convey thoughts, feelings, and moods of people in an indirect, associative way.

Sculpture, painting and graphics are fine arts, in which the principle of creating an artistic form is based on the image (using lines, a colorful spot, volume, etc.) Important: they do not depict impressions of objects (like, for example, literature), but the similarity of the objects themselves in their visible existence.

Architecture, to a greater extent than other arts, is associated with utilitarian forms of human activity. The definition of the essence of architecture is well known: strength, usefulness and beauty. This truth remains unshakable to this day.

Sculpture is a type of fine art whose works are three-dimensional and have a three-dimensional shape. Since ancient times, the very activity of the sculptor has been understood as an act of creation, similar to the biblical one. In the sculptor’s work, thought is not separated from the material, giving rise to the image as a created spatial reality.

Painting is one of the main and oldest types of fine art. It received its most complete development with the spread of technology oil painting(XV century). The scope of painting compared to sculpture is undoubtedly wider. She is not limited only to the artistic depiction of living beings; she is able to convey almost any phenomena, almost all visible world. On canvas you can capture a large-scale battle, a sunset over a lake, or a look full of joy.

Graphics is the most paradoxical of all types of fine art. On the one hand, this type of art is very democratic. We encounter works of graphic art literally at every step (books, posters, newspapers, announcements, packaging, etc.) But at the same time, this is the most mass art is elitist because very few connoisseurs understand, understand, and appreciate graphics.

Usually, when talking about graphics, they indicate that this is the art of black and white (a black line on a white surface). But at the same time, we can say that some book has bright, multi-color illustrations.

Temporary arts in the system of artistic culture are literature and music, those types of art whose works unfold in time.

The art of words is almost omnipotent in its visual and expressive possibilities, while painting and music one-sidedly reflect the visible and audible aspect of existence. Since language is the main means of communication between people, literature seems to be the simplest and most accessible form of art.

The word does not exhaust the image; it serves only as a material basis behind which the verbal-figurative meaning is hidden. With the help of words, you can recreate not only visually perceived reality, but also what is accessible to other senses - hearing, touch, smell. With the help of words you can convey the emotional and intellectual state of a person.

Traditionally, literature is divided into three types: epic, lyrical and dramatic.

Music is an art form that reflects reality and influences a person through meaningful and specially organized sound sequences. Music is a specific type of sound activity of people. It is united with other varieties, such as speech, by the ability to express a person’s thoughts, emotions and volitional processes in an audible form and serve as a means of communicating between people and controlling their behavior.

In addition to the listed types of art, there are also spectacular arts in the system of artistic culture. This is pantomime and dance, circus and theater, cinema and stage. Their artistic material is objective, included in the spatial environment and works only in this environment. But at the same time, it is not static, but lives in time, develops, transforms, and changes. Existing in the space of the stage, arena, screen, these arts, at the same time, are presented to the public and are focused on visual perception, which allows them to also be called spectacular arts.

The performing arts are synthetic in nature. They combine both opposite and similar arts in their characteristics. For example, theater combines the art of speech and pantomime on stage; Besides, acting on stage surrounded and supported by architecture, music, painting.

Chapter 2. Art as the creation of aesthetic values

2.1 Aesthetic values, their role in human life and society

Art performs a number of functions; different researchers count them up to ten or twenty. And yet the most important, specific function of art is artistic, which lies in its ability to provide a holistic concrete sensory reflection of life and a holistic influence on spiritual world person. Art is first and foremost an aesthetic phenomenon. Its sphere is the creation by the creative effort of a person of a work intended for aesthetic perception, for the perception of beauty.

Art is directly related to the creation, accumulation, and transfer of values, not material, but spiritual values. Value is something that has positive significance. This can be a really existing object or a metaphysical principle, conceivable and imaginary.

Values ​​play the role of guidelines in people's lives. Ideas about values ​​are historically variable. In European antiquity, for example, beauty, proportionality, and truth were considered the highest goods; in the Christian world - faith, hope, and love. In the era of rationalism, status highest value gains intelligence.

We learn eternal values ​​from art, thanks to which art develops our morality. It orients and orients towards them, comprehends and illuminates reality in relation to them. Artistic values- are able to have an uplifting effect on the feelings, will and mind of people. These are perfect creations of art, necessary for each of us for a full-fledged spiritual existence and successful activities of people in various fields.

The spiritual assimilation of works of art is one of the highest human needs. The artistic need is inherent in all people who have reached the level of conscious existence. However, the artist highest degree endowed with such a need.

The aesthetic experience of humanity, rich and varied today, has been formed over thousands of years.

The importance of the aesthetic in the life of each person and humanity as a whole is enormous. Aesthetic emotions are able to acquire scale and mark certain upsurges of the spirit, stellar moments in the history of mankind.

Thanks to aesthetic experiences, the unity of people with the good and universal principles of existence is strengthened. Aesthetic emotions give a person the opportunity to gain spiritual freedom.F. Schiller argued that beauty opens a person's path to perfection and harmony, to the harmony of sensual and spiritual forces.

2.2 Modernism and postmodernism in the art of the twentieth century

At the beginning of the twentieth century, an aesthetic revolution took place in the world, the connection of which with the social upheavals of that time is obvious. The classical pictorial system stopped working where the picture of the world itself lost its clear outlines. The ideology, the way of life of people, its rhythm have changed. Scientific and technical progress also transforms human society beyond recognition. At the beginning of the century, mass standardized production arises, people's tastes and preferences change more and more, which ultimately leads to the spread of mass culture and mass art. On historical scene mass consumers are coming out, mass consciousness, Mass culture.

So, in the twentieth century. The nature of artistic creativity is changing radically, and this is primarily due to the practice of modernism (avant-gardeism) and postmodernism. The art of previous times was perceived as an extremely serious activity. It claimed no less than the mission of the savior of the human race (which was especially clearly manifested in the aesthetic views of the romantics). Modern Art, on the one hand, feels structureless and inexpressible modern realities, on the other hand, the artist’s desire to rise above the fray, to transform chaos into order, remains irresistible.

Modernism was built on the negation of previous art, but at the same time it was a throw into the future and developed an adequate artistic appearance of the era. It was “modernity’s reworking of its own meaning.”

Modernism is associated with the departure of culture from realism, with the proclamation of the independence of art from reality. Modernist (avant-garde) artists experiment with artistic material, create new style, language, and content in the visual arts.

The art of the twentieth century is becoming increasingly complex. The absence of stable stylistic movements (such as classicism, romanticism, etc. in previous eras), noticeable since the beginning of the twentieth century, often makes the very process of artistic contact very problematic.

The growing education of the population led to the invasion of the masses into art, as a result of which in the twentieth century works began to be targeted at certain segments of consumers - the highly erudite elite and the not-so-literate mass audience. This is how elite and mass culture (high and mass art, respectively) become widespread.

The division of culture into culture for all and culture for the elite has existed for a long time. Priests and shamans already in ancient times constituted the cultural elite. When writing arose, a line between culture appeared educated people and folk culture (folklore).

Folk culture and folk art reflect the highest spiritual, emotionally experienced and enshrined in feelings and tastes of a person’s state and his satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the world, the desire to harmonize relations with it, embodies ideal performances wt. Exactly at folk culture ideas about good and evil, about a hero and a villain, about the beautiful and the terrible, etc. are formed.

Elite culture is created by a privileged part of society or at its request by professional creators. It includes fine art, classical music, literature. High culture is difficult for an unprepared person to understand. The circle of its consumers is a highly educated part of society (critics, writers, regular visitors to museums, theatergoers, artists, etc.), that is, specialists in any field of high culture.

Classical, high or elite art, as time has shown, is the foundation on which values ​​are and will be created that replenish the spiritual arsenal of humanity.

Unlike elite culture, which requires serious intellectual and spiritual readiness to master it, mass culture is perceived as effortless, a natural phenomenon, over which there is no need to rack one's brains and experience emotional shock.

Mass art endlessly reproduces surrogates and fakes, which dulls the public's taste. Examples of mass art include pop music, music video culture, the fashion industry, certain genres of film and television (melodrama, action, etc.)

Mass culture was, is and will always be. The amount of information contained in modern culture, immense. Works with deep content are often difficult to understand and require significant emotional and intellectual effort to master. Contemporary art has also become extremely complex.

Of course, high and mass art are oriented towards primarily satisfying different needs of people. Thus, mass art is aimed, first of all, at satisfying recreational and compensatory needs with the unconditional implementation of other functions by its individual works, while high art - a repository of aesthetic values ​​created by humanity - is a source of satisfying the widest range of human needs (cognitive, educational , social, etc.).

Conclusion

Thus, art cannot be considered an optional addition to the more pressing benefits and needs of people. It plays a huge role in life human society, ensuring the creation, accumulation and transmission of spiritual experience and aesthetic values ​​from generation to generation, from person to person, from culture to culture. Art is a kind of mirror and self-awareness of any culture, which reflects its essential features. By mastering works of art, a person socializes, gets to know the world, its past, present and future, learns to comprehend the emotional and intellectual world of another. The need for art never leaves a person; even in the most difficult historical moments he experiences it. Refusal of artistic activity can return a person to a primitive state; neglect of high culture and its values ​​can and does lead to a decline in morality and, as a consequence, rampant crime, drug addiction, etc. phenomena. AND cultural policy any state must provide support high art, which is going through far from the best times in market conditions.

Bibliography

1. M.G. Balonova - Art and its role in the life of society, (textbook), Nizhny Novgorod, 2007

2. E.G. Borisova - Culture, its significance in human life and society, Ulyanovsk, 2004

3. Soviet encyclopedic Dictionary, ed. 3, M. 1985



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