Write a short legend. Short legends and parables for primary school children

"...In search of an answer to this question: “Who am I?”

we discover various aspects themselves, who are often so bizarre and different from each other,

as if they belong to different people...".

Irwin Polster "The Inhabited Man".

Each person is multifaceted in his essence. And, like the Divine with many faces, each person continuously appears actor many legends...

Legends are created with the help of roles and subpersonalities. Until recently, these concepts were familiar only professional psychologists, today they are known to almost everyone.

But how many of you have thought about how you can use these concepts in everyday life?

If you ask yourself the question: "Who am I?", - you will most likely get very different answers.

Women can say about themselves that they are daughters, lovers, wives, mothers, girlfriends.

Men can say about themselves that they are sons, husbands, lovers, fathers, grandfathers.

And every person can say something about themselves related to their profession - at work we habitually take on the roles of bosses and subordinates, accountants, marketers, nurses, teachers, surgeons, lawyers, etc.

We also have hobbies that allow us to express our creative inspiration. And then we become artists, dancers, poets...

Each role is a certain model of behavior; it has its own words, actions, as well as reactions to the words and actions of other people.

Roles are like costumes, which we sometimes change several times a day.

And roles create legends: about us - for other people, and for us - about ourselves.

They allow us to be effective in the most different areas and help you achieve your goals or overcome your limitations.

Each role both helps and limits. And sometimes we become so accustomed to one role that we stop noticing where the role is and where the true Self is.

• I'm not one of those who(wears a tuxedo, walks the dog in the evenings, flies business coffee...)..
• I'm too(old to learn dance, slow to get this job, introverted to lead people)…
• I am like(doctor, teacher, father) I can’t afford...

Familiar phrases, aren't they?

These are the limitations that a role can bring with it. And along with such restrictions - regrets about unfulfilled dreams, disappointments, unfulfilled hopes, anger, sadness that life is not what I dreamed of in my youth...

A person gets so used to his role that he forgets who he really is. And then the role begins to limit him in his dreams and actions, in his self-confidence, in achieving what he wants. This is how " black legend".

Such a black legend imprisons a person in a prison of internal limitations, when “I can’t” and “not for me” begin to determine the quality of life.

But things could be different.

Every man is greater than his legend. More than all your legends. And this means that he can write any life scenario. Whichever one he wants. What the Soul asks him to do.

Every person can create a shining legend, a legend of love and happiness. And then this legend will heal life, trigger internal transformation and lead to the creation of a new life scenario in which the walls of the false prison will collapse.

A person is usually able to flexibly switch between 15-20 roles. And as long as he realizes that the roles are just costumes, they help him. After all, each situation has its own “suit”. And then the possibilities that the role carries are “turned on”...

I know many situations where shy people became successful in public speaking— because they were mastering the legend of a successful speaker. And from the role of a successful speaker, they managed to do something that they could not do from their usual pattern of behavior.

Now let's talk about subpersonalities. This concept includes a set of personal characteristics that a person exhibits in certain situations. These are, first of all, emotional reactions, mental attitudes that determine behavior.

We can say that subpersonalities define roles and are, to some extent, the basis for them. In each situation, the subpersonality can “turn on” the most necessary qualities and abilities, the very ones that lead to success.

For example, a manager who was tough in communication was able to establish relationships with his team and become a leader for them when he allowed his other self to manifest itself more - "I who likes to drink cappuccino in the morning and listen to Mozart".

IN practical psychology important role plays a person’s acquaintance with his “I”, because this allows him to integrate inner world, to create order out of chaos, first within yourself, and then in life. The more internal qualities and abilities we bring from the realm of the shadow to the arena of life, thus to a greater extent we can use them in reality.

Agree, it’s difficult to enjoy painting landscapes if you’ve never done it and don’t even imagine what qualities it reveals in you. And it’s also difficult to prepare in a short time complex presentation, if you are not aware of your “Creative Self, capable of high concentration.”

"Some of the represented selves, such as the generous self, the hard-working self, or the exemplary self, may form the entire core of the patient's personality. Others—the greedy self, the irresponsible self, the destructive self—may to be suppressed, silent, rejected and unacknowledged. However, they are all important. Restoring a living perception of all these different elements of the self - important step on the path to forming a powerful and lasting sense of self..."

The more confident and stable a person feels from the inside, the fuller and more successful his life is, the more he is able to enjoy every day.

Every person wears different roles in life and displays different qualities of their personality. AND modern science suggests that many subpersonalities (or " inner voices") and our many roles allow us to effectively interact with other people, be successful, and achieve our goals in a short time.

It is important to see and realize what roles are familiar to a person, how they help him, how they hinder him, and what are the deep values ​​of a person, regardless of different roles.

Because all roles and all subpersonalities, all the inner selves of a person have their own value and perform a certain function. If they are consonant with each other and how musical instruments perform their part in in the right place and in right time, then the legends they create will be white and shining.

"In musical counterpoint, neither the main nor the secondary melodies lose their individuality. All themes contribute to general work. The same thing happens with all aspects of the “I” in their various manifestations... If some “I” escape the attention of a person, this does not mean that they are less real than the “I” presented at the moment.”(I. Polster "Inhabited Man")

We often drive ourselves into narrow boundaries and impose non-existent restrictions, because we do not hear the voice of our inner selves and do not know how to flexibly switch between different roles. And this rigidity often leads to the fact that we greatly limit ourselves in decisions. And thereby we narrow the quality of our own life.

"...We spend a lot of time trying to figure out our calling and are very afraid of making a mistake... There are 6 billion people in the world. Are you telling me that God looked at you and said that you can only do one thing in life? Or maybe you Are you blaming God for your own limitations?. (Chip Heath Dan Heath "Thinking Traps")

There are many tools you can use to get to know yourself better and learn to build on your strengths.

One of the tools for creating a shining legend about you, helping to change your life for the better is metaphorical association cards.

With their help, you can see your capabilities and limitations, bring roles and subpersonalities out of the shadows into the arena of life and make them your allies and assistants on the path to life of your dreams.

The need to write a legend yourself can be confusing if you don’t have the skill to write legends, and in general, in last time you wrote an essay at school. Let's start with the fact that in any game, creating a character and writing a legend is collaboration masters and player. The degree to which each of them contributes to the process varies from game to game. Quite often it happens that the player is responsible for most of the work with the text, and here you can run into a problem. What to do? It is quite possible to eat an elephant in parts, so let's see how we can approach this non-trivial task.

First of all, why do we need a legend?

Firstly, it is needed to imagine your character. Both you and the masters need this. You - to play, masters - to create a game, for example, to connect characters with each other, to create a plot. With a legend, you explain your character's way of thinking and behavior patterns to the masters.

Secondly, the legend is needed to make it easier for you to play. A well-developed character, and at the same time competently described, is half the confidence in one’s abilities. Understanding what your character is like, you will not painfully ask the question “How would a dwarf behave in this situation?” – you will do itknow.

Personally, when writing a legend, I prefer to work from rougher outlines to small details. Even if you are limited in time, it will help to have a more or less complete legend on hand at any time. This approach is also convenient for periodically checking with the masters and editing/adding the legend in accordance with their wishes.

I can reassure you right away: even the very first version will not need to be written with empty space. Writing a legend is one of the stages of preparing for a game, and certainly not the first. You can read about all the stages here:. If you have reached the point of writing the legend, it means that you at least have an idea of ​​what the game is about, what sources are required to be mastered and to what extent, and you have also probably sent an application indicating your wishes for the role. That's where we'll start. Next, it will be possible to think through and describe the character’s place in the world, his social connections. Well, for a snack, double-check the chronology and cause-and-effect relationships. First things first.

Stage 1. And who am I? (Business card)

Your wishes, indicated in the application for the game, will sooner or later take shape in what I would callbusiness card . This short description your character, most often including his name, occupation (or social status, origin), possibly age. For example, “Captain Jack Sparrow, adventurer,” or “Donna Ocana, middle-aged lady of the court,” or “space ranger in financial trouble.” If you did not formulate a business card when you applied, then the experts will certainly help you do this at the first meeting.

If the masters do not offer you a ready-made character name, you can come up with one yourself. Of course, in the end the name will still need to be agreed upon with them.

A name can carry a huge meaning. It can be translated in some way, be associated with something or someone else, reveal or hide something about your character. Make it your own symbol - or fit into an existing symbolic series. Even if this hint is clear only to you, it can serve well in determining the character of the character and getting used to the role.

Social status/occupation

When you meet people, you introduce yourself by name. Next question The question that is most often asked of a person concerns his occupation or origin (if this is important in the world of the game). Most likely, the answer to this question addressed to your character will be key to understanding what you will do during the game.

Again, if you don’t have a wording yet, go to the experts, they will help. However, if there is a wording, it would also be useful to check with the masters. So that it doesn’t turn out that in one game for 30 people there are 5 journalists and not a single newspaper editor.

Age

It's not often said on a business card, but age is an integral part of the role. Often the default age of a character is assumed to be approximately equal to the player's age. This usually makes roleplaying easier, which in itself is a plus. However, playing a character younger or older than yourself is interesting experience, which requires some effort.

• If your character is younger than you. It’s simple: remember yourself at that age. Compare with your current self. What has changed? Can you rewind yours? emotional condition to the indicated mark? Try to try on the occupation from a business card for this age: what is interesting to a person? What has he already achieved? what is it aiming for?
• If your character is older than you. It’s a little more complicated here, but there is also a way out. Remember your friends or relatives of a suitable age. Fictional characters(movies, TV series, books, etc.) are also suitable as samples. Try to imagine yourself at that age. How do people who have achieved it usually behave? What goals do you set for yourself? How do priorities change over time?

These are still preliminary questions, but even a quick answer to them is already the beginning of understanding the character of the character and how to play him.

A business card is the first thing you can agree on with the craftsmen. If everything is in order, we move on and add “meat” to our legend.

Stage 2. And where am I? (Character and surrounding world)

Any character exists in the game not on its own, but in connection with other characters. Social connections are the most important component of the legend. They are most often used to build the plot of your story.

Let me make a reservation right away: ALL the characters mentioned in your legend do not have to be present in the game. Many of them are very necessary in it, to explain why your character is the way you are and to kickstart the plot, but they do not play any role in the events that unfold directly in the game.

If the masters did not give you ties in general view, leave them the opportunity to do this: change names, move events a little in time, add another relative, or replace a brother with a sister. That is, there is no point in immediately writing down the contacts in great detail; they can be outlined in large strokes so that they can be finalized if necessary.

What social connections should be considered first:

• Family. Your character definitely has (or had) a mom and dad. Where are they? What are they doing? Please don't make your character an orphan right away. This is a very hackneyed technique. Of course, this is the easiest way to resolve the issue with the parents - but, it seems to me, it greatly impoverishes the character’s character if it is left without proper roleplaying. Understanding what kind of family a character grew up in gives a lot, a lot, both to understanding his character and to your game.

• love affair. Does your character have a spouse or lover? How was his personal life in general? What are his plans for the future? Maybe he is a confirmed bachelor or a strong independent woman? Or maybe he just became disillusioned with people of the opposite sex a long time ago? Or is he working hard to build a career? Here you can add one or more ties.

• Friends. Does your character even have people he trusts, counts on and can rely on? If not - why? If yes - who are they? Think about where and under what circumstances you met, why you became friends.

• Enemies.Your character could very well cross someone’s path without even knowing it. Or maybe he takes a principled position on some issue - and everyone who thinks otherwise is written down in his little black book. What could such a principle be? How does the character behave with his enemies? Why?

Usually masters see the overall picture of the role grid and can offer several options social connections.

Besides the people around the character, there is another important social aspect:work and money. What does your character do for a living? Where did he learn this? Does he have colleagues? Does he work in an office with a strict schedule - or travel the world alone? Is he generally satisfied with his job?

Additionally, consider how much your character earns. Is it a lot or a little? What can he afford – and what can’t he? How does he feel about money?

As a result, after answering questions regarding social connections and the main type of activity / source of profit, we received a fully developed legend. Most likely, it will already be enough to imagine the character and be ready to play it. So here I would add one more milestone - coordination with the masters. It is at this stage that the masters will certainly be able to offer you edits and additions that will allow you to design final version legends.

But for those who are overwhelmed, as well as for perfectionists, I can offer one more stage of work. It's not at all necessary, but it can greatly improve your legend if you have the time and the mindset to do it.

Stage 3. What am I doing here? (How did the character come to such a life)

Personally, my favorite answer to the whole legend is this last question: how did the character come to such a life? Why is he like this? How was his character formed? Why did he end up in the game world here at this particular time?

This can be done in two parallel ways - chronology and cause-and-effect relationships.Chronology just lists important events in the character’s life with reference to dates and/or age.Cause-and-effect relationships allow you to identify why your character developed into such a personality and was involved in the plot.

Chronology

The older your character is, the longer the timeline (your K.O.) will be. And all the more necessary. Having before your eyes a table like “Date in the game world, character’s age, event,” it is much easier to navigate the biography. By the way, such a table can be very useful for masters if they need to bring together events from several legends, including yours.

Linking to dates external to the character (if any) will help to understand where the character was and what he was doing at the time when some significant events in the game world took place. Chronology also allows you to identify errors and inconsistencies. For example, if you wrote that your character went through a war and was left with scars and psychological trauma, it will be somewhat annoying if during the game it turns out that the character was 4 years old at that time. Well, or she has been married for 8 years, and now she is 20. How is this possible? If the action takes place in the Middle Ages or in some fictional world where early marriages are the norm, then no problem.

Causes and Effects

This part is the least amenable to formalization, but it seems to me that it is the most necessary for a deep understanding of the character and good roleplaying.

Essentially, there is only one question: why? But it must be applied to almost everything in the legend. For example, you indicated that your character does not have a wife and does not intend to get married. Why? Or, let’s say, he hasn’t seen his parents since he came of age. Why? He doesn't like cats or the smell of coffee. Why? Try talking to your character this way, and I bet you'll unearth something very interesting and definitely worthy of mention in the legend.

If you have gathered the courage and added a chronology to your legend and shoveled the text with the question “why” at the ready, let the masters know about it. After all, this is also a change in the legend, and it also needs to be agreed upon with the masters who can learn something for general plot.

Writing a legend means creating.

And finally, one more piece of advice: get inspired. Creating is not the same as writing highly artistic text on an industrial scale. To create is to invent. How do you arrange this is the second question. The main thing is that both you and the masters understand what you mean. For a high-quality legend, 2-4 pages of text will be enough. Of course, this is not a universal measure - in some places half a page is enough, and in others the masters will be asked to expand... In general, a 10-page legend written by a player with minimal participation from the masters can be considered indecent: in a game of 50 people, this means that the masters you will have to subtract 500 pages of text.

Listen to music that you associate with your character. Attach an audio recording to the legend when you send it to the masters. Scour the Internet for pictures and portraits of what your character might look like. Think about the suit, accessories. In general, don't isolate your legend work from the rest of your game preparation. You can read more about this process here:

And remember: all the effort you put into the legend will pay off handsomely in your game. Even if the details don’t come up, the clues don’t work, the plot doesn’t work – you will still have you, your character. Having an excellent legend, you can play perfectly even in almost complete vacuum. Not to mention how much pleasure the masters will get from reading :)
P.S. In principle, no one can forbid you to go through these stages in reverse order: first chronology and cause-and-effect relationships, then social environment, and finally age, occupation and the cherry on the cake - the name :)

Legend Aspect Ratio

The need to write a legend yourself can be daunting if you don’t have the skill of writing legends, and in general, the last time you wrote an essay was at school. Let's start with the fact that in any game, creating a character and writing a legend is a joint work of the masters and the player. The degree to which each of them contributes to the process varies from game to game. Quite often it happens that the player is responsible for most of the work with the text, and here you can run into a problem. What to do? It is quite possible to eat an elephant in parts, so let's see how we can approach this non-trivial task.

Disclaimer: everything written below is a personal opinion based on personal experience. According to the author, the described techniques and reasoning are applicable to a “regular” game. Of course, there are options when they are not applicable due to the specifics of a particular project, but that’s why they are specific projects, to approach each individual individually. The article was written to familiarize yourself with the standard (in the author's opinion) process of writing a legend.

First of all, why do we need a legend?

Firstly, it is needed to imagine your character. Both you and the masters need this. You - to play, masters - to create a game, for example, to connect characters with each other, to create a plot. With a legend, you explain your character’s way of thinking and behavior patterns to the masters, which is also very important for them.
Secondly, the legend is needed to make it easier for you to play. A well-developed character, and at the same time competently described, is half the confidence in one’s abilities. Understanding what your character is like, you will not painfully ask the question “How would a dwarf behave in this situation?” – you will know how your character would behave. And you will behave accordingly (I hope).
Personally, when writing a legend, I prefer to work from rougher outlines to finer details. Even if you are limited in time, it will help to have a more or less complete legend on hand at any time. This approach is also convenient for periodically checking with the masters and editing/adding the legend in accordance with their wishes. So we'll sketch out the legend first, and then we'll work out the details.
I can reassure you right away: even the very first version will not need to be written from scratch. Writing a legend is one of the stages of preparing for a game, and certainly not the first. You can read about all the stages here: Master – player: algorithm of work. If you have reached the point of writing the legend, it means that you at least have an idea of ​​what the game is about, what sources are required to be mastered and to what extent, and you have also probably sent an application indicating your wishes for the role. That's where we'll start. Next, it will be possible to think through and describe the character’s place in the world, his social connections. Well, for a snack, double-check the chronology and cause-and-effect relationships. First things first.

Stage 1. And who am I? (Business card)

Your wishes, indicated in the application for the game, will sooner or later take shape in what I would call business card. This is a short description of your character, most often including his name, occupation (or social status, origin), possibly age. For example, “Captain Jack Sparrow, adventurer,” or “Donna Ocana, middle-aged lady of the court,” or “space ranger in financial trouble.” If you did not formulate a business card when you applied, then the experts will certainly help you do this at the first meeting.

Name

Social status/occupation

When you meet people, you introduce yourself by name. The next question that is most often asked when they want to get to know a person concerns his occupation or origin (if this is important in the world of the game). Most likely, the answer to this question addressed to your character will be key to understanding what you will do during the game.

Again, if you don’t have a wording yet, go to the experts, they will help. However, if there is a wording, it would also be useful to check with the masters. So that it doesn’t turn out that in one game for 30 people there are 5 journalists and not a single newspaper editor.

Age

It's not often said on a business card, but age is an integral part of the role. Often the default age of a character is assumed to be approximately equal to the player's age. This usually makes roleplaying easier, which in itself is a plus. However, playing a character younger or older than yourself is an interesting experience that requires some effort.

• If your character is younger than you. It’s simple: remember yourself at that age. Compare with your current self. What has changed? Can you rewind your emotional state to the indicated point? Try to try on the occupation from a business card for this age: what is interesting to a person? What has he already achieved? what is it aiming for?
• If your character is older than you. It’s a little more complicated here, but there is also a way out. Remember your friends or relatives of a suitable age. Fictional characters (movies, TV series, books, etc.) are also suitable as samples. Try to imagine yourself at that age. How do people who have achieved it usually behave? What goals do you set for yourself? How do priorities change over time?

These are still preliminary questions, but even a quick answer to them is already the beginning of understanding the character of the character and how to play him.

A business card is the first thing you can agree on with the craftsmen. If everything is in order, we move on and add “meat” to our legend.

Stage 2. And where am I? (Character and surrounding world)

Any character exists in the game not on its own, but in connection with other characters. Social connections are the most important component of the legend. They are most often used to build the plot of your story. prosperity Let me make a reservation right away: ALL the characters mentioned in your legend do not have to be present in the game. Many of them are very necessary in it, to explain why your character is the way you are and to kickstart the plot, but they do not play any role in the events that unfold directly in the game.

If the masters did not give you the beginning in general terms, leave them the opportunity to do so: change names, shift events a little in time, add another relative, or replace a brother with a sister. That is, there is no point in immediately writing down the contacts in great detail; they can be outlined in large strokes so that they can be finalized if necessary.

What social connections should be considered first: Family. Your character definitely has (or had) a mom and dad. Where are they? What are they doing? Please don't make your character an orphan right away. This is a very hackneyed technique. Of course, this is the easiest way to resolve the issue with the parents - but, it seems to me, it greatly impoverishes the character’s character if it is left without proper roleplaying. Understanding what kind of family a character grew up in gives a lot, a lot, both to understanding his character and to your game.

Write three lines about your parents, like a business card: just their name, occupation, where they are, does your character keep in touch with them (why?), what kind of relationship they have in general. It would also be a good idea to think about your brothers and sisters and write a business card on them as well.

Love affair. Does your character have a spouse or lover? How was his personal life in general? What are his plans for the future? Maybe he is a confirmed bachelor or a strong independent woman? Or maybe he just became disillusioned with people of the opposite sex a long time ago? Or is he working hard to build a career? Here you can add another business card - or several :)

Friends. Does your character even have people he trusts, counts on and can rely on? If not - why? If yes - who are they? Write business cards about them too. Think about where and under what circumstances you met, why you became friends.

Enemies. Your character could very well cross someone’s path without even knowing it. Or maybe he takes a principled position on some issue - and everyone who thinks otherwise is written down in his little black book. What could such a principle be? How does the character behave with his enemies? Why? You might find a couple of business cards here too.

Experts can help you with lists of friends and enemies. Be sure to check with them who your character can be friends or enemies with. Typically, masters see the overall picture of the role grid and can offer several options for social connections.

Besides the people around the character, there is another important social aspect: work and money. What does your character do for a living? Where did he learn this? Does he have colleagues? (here we write a couple more business cards + briefly about our relationship with them) Does he work in an office on a strict schedule - or does he travel the world alone? Is he generally satisfied with his job? Additionally, consider how much your character earns. Is it a lot or a little? What can he afford – and what can’t he? How does he feel about money, does he save it - or does he even not know how much is in his pockets? If the character does not earn money, then on what means does he live?

As a result, after answering questions regarding social connections and the main type of activity / source of profit, we received a fully developed legend. Most likely, it will already be enough to imagine the character and be ready to play it. So here I would add one more milestone - coordination with the masters. It is at this stage that the masters will probably be able to offer you edits and additions that will allow you to create the final version of the legend. After some fine-tuning with a file, the legend is ready.

But for those who are overwhelmed, as well as for perfectionists, I can offer one more stage of work. It's not at all necessary, but it can greatly improve your legend if you have the time and the mindset to do it. We have already talked about these things in part in the description of the first two stages, but now we can focus on small but striking details.

Stage 3. What am I doing here? (How did the character come to such a life)

Personally, my favorite answer to the whole legend is this last question: how did the character come to such a life? Why is he like this? How was his character formed? Why did he end up in the game world here at this particular time?

This can be done in two parallel ways - chronology and cause-and-effect relationships. A timeline simply lists important events in a character's life by date and/or age. Cause-and-effect relationships allow you to identify why your character developed into such a personality and was involved in the plot.

Chronology

The older your character is, the longer the timeline (your K.O.) will be. And all the more necessary. Having before your eyes a table like “Date in the game world, character’s age, event,” it is much easier to navigate the biography. By the way, such a table can be very useful for masters if they need to bring together events from several legends, including yours.

Linking to dates external to the character (if any) will help to understand where the character was and what he was doing at the time when some significant events in the game world took place. Chronology also allows you to identify errors and inconsistencies. For example, if you wrote that your character went through a war and was left with scars and psychological trauma, it will be somewhat annoying if during the game it turns out that the character was 4 years old at that time. Well, or she has been married for 8 years, and now she is 20. How is this possible? If the action takes place in the Middle Ages or in some fictional world where early marriages are the norm, then no problem. In general, you just need to ask yourself this screening question.

Causes and Effects

This part is the least amenable to formalization, but it seems to me that it is the most necessary for a deep understanding of the character and good roleplaying.

Essentially, there is only one question: why? But it must be applied to almost everything in the legend. For example, you indicated that your character does not have a wife and does not intend to get married. Why? Or, let’s say, he hasn’t seen his parents since he came of age. Why? He doesn't like cats or the smell of coffee. Why? He doesn't remember his name younger brother, and in general has no idea where he is now. Why? Try talking to your character this way, and I bet you'll unearth something very interesting and definitely worthy of mention in the legend.

If you have gathered the courage and added a chronology to your legend and shoveled the text with the question “why” at the ready, let the masters know about it. After all, this is also a change in the legend, and it also needs to be agreed upon. It’s unlikely that they’ll tell you something, like, “No, that won’t work, this isn’t any good,” but they’ll definitely be able to make minor changes or learn something for the overall plot.

And finally, one more piece of advice: get inspired. Writing a legend means creating. Creating is not the same as writing highly artistic text on an industrial scale. To create is to invent. How do you arrange this is the second question. The main thing is that both you and the masters understand what you mean. For a high-quality legend, 2-4 pages of text will be enough. Of course, this is not a universal measure - in some places half a page will be enough, and in others the masters will be asked to expand... In general, a 10-page legend written by a player with minimal participation from the masters can be considered indecent: in a game of 50 people, this means that masters will have to subtract 500 pages of text.

Listen to music that you associate with your character. Attach an audio recording to the legend when you send it to the masters. Scour the Internet for pictures and portraits of what your character might look like. Think about the suit, accessories. In general, don't isolate your legend work from the rest of your game preparation. You can read more about this process here: How to prepare for a role-playing game.

And remember: all the effort you put into the legend will pay off handsomely in your game. Even if the details don’t come up, the clues don’t work, the plot doesn’t work – you will still have you, your character. Having an excellent legend, you can play perfectly even in an almost complete vacuum. Not to mention how much pleasure the masters will get from reading :)

P.S. In principle, no one can forbid you to go through these stages in reverse order: first chronology and cause-and-effect relationships, then social environment, and finally age, occupation and the cherry on the cake - name :)

I also suggest that you read the notes of my colleagues at RIkbez, Venedikt Krachkovsky and Alexander Nupreichik, about character creation.

The article presents paintings by the Polish surrealist Tomasz Alen Koper

Writing a legend

And in the far distance

The ball floats in the river...

(“My 20th century”)

Content:

1. What is a “legend”

1. What is a “legend”?

Having rummaged through our archive, I found very few works whose titles contain the word “legend”: "Legends of Haanstalg", Alex-Jane Cole; Erhe - legends, oh, oh, Darkflight, a direct reference to the legend is the story of Demonio "Love after the grave"... For most authors, the legend is most often “not their own”; in fact, it is also written according to the fandom.

Why is that? Is it lack of knowledge or imagination?

I tried to figure out what a “legend” is? How is it different from other works? And to begin with, naturally, I looked into dictionaries. I climbed in and... one by one I put aside the BES, the modern Dictionary Russian language T.F. Efremova, an explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language by V. Dahl, other dictionaries - Ozhegova, Ushakova... even Wikipedia did not leave me satisfied.

In all the dictionaries I found the most simple definitions, in principle, do not provide writers with the necessary guidelines.

All of them, of course, mentioned the translation of the word “legend” from Latin as “that which must be read”; they all spoke about the polysemy of the word, about its broad and in the narrow sense; about the poetry of legends, about the diversity of genres, about... In general, in a narrow sense, everything in dictionaries comes down to understanding the legend in its historical and literary development, and in a broad sense, that a legend is “an unreliable story about the facts of reality.”

I never received an answer to any of my questions. And these questions, I am sure, concern any writer:

1. What is a legend and what are its main features?

2. How does a legend differ from a fairy tale, and even more so from a myth?

3. What are the main genres and themes of legends?

4. What types and types of legends are there?

5. What is a modern legend?

6. Are there any differences in the structure, form of the legend, its language from other works?

So, let's take any dictionary definition and build on it:

Legend[legend] w. 1) a) A poetic fantasy tale (usually of religious content). b) Fantastic story, a poetic legend about smb. event or person. 2) An instrumental piece of a narrative nature, often embodying musical by some means. folk legend. 3) What seems incredible; fiction, fiction. 4) A biography of a scout, fictitious for the purpose of conspiracy. 5) transfer Inscription on the coin. 6) transfer Explanatory text and a set of symbols for a plan, drawing, map, etc. (Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by T.F. Efremova)

That's really what they don't call a legend! This and:

The greatest similarity is between legend and, of course, tradition. The main difference: historical accuracy in tradition is greater than in legend. More often than not, authors get confused - what is in front of them: a fairy tale, a myth or a legend?

2. The difference between a legend and a fairy tale and a myth

Fairy tales and legends have much in common: magic and magical transformations, miracles and miracles; assistance from third supernatural or divine forces; repeating plots, themes; even linguistic techniques and means - imagery, hyperbolization, the words of the beginning and ending may be similar, although they are not fixed in the legend - but there are fundamental differences. Let's look at them:

The line between legend and myth is even thinner. Many scientists do not share these concepts. However, I was still able to identify some differences between myth and legend in their works:

3. Types (types) of legends and their main themes

It is very difficult to classify legends. First of all, they highlight thematic groups legends, but there is no single classification; here scientists are based on some aspects, traditions, specifics, time, etc.

I tried to “collect” types of legends based on the themes that they embody. Of course, I collected all this without reference to time, I didn’t name all the topics (so you can put “etc.” everywhere), I probably missed a lot, but I hope that after all, what general vision has emerged and will be useful to you .

4. Features of the construction and language of the legend

Form legends are unstable, free. This is partly because the retelling of a legend allowed for improvisation, while a fairy tale or myth did not. Preserving ancient plots and themes, the legend “told” them from the point of view of the time in which it arose.

Legend - prosaic epic genre, a narration of past events (although there are exceptions, such as spiritual verse). However, most often it is a short story or a short story.

And yet it has rules of construction that have been established over centuries.

Initiation legends can be quite fabulous, built according to fabulous formulas:

"Lived once...",

"In a certain kingdom, in a certain state..." etc.

But more often the narrator immediately mentions the past:

"A long time ago it was..." ,

« It was in the old days...” ,

"Once upon a time in one city..." ,

"When the trees were big..." And so on.

“An old man told me...” ,

“It happened with one of my friends (acquaintances, scientists) ...” ,

"Smart people say that..." .

This is especially true for modern legends that tell about the recent past. Literally - about “yesterday”. Much less often, the narrator begins the legend with the words:

“I saw it myself...” ,

“I am a witness to this...” , although there may be such a beginning.

An interesting premise in the form of a question:

“Do you know about Liteiny Lane?” ,

“Have you been to Blue Lake?” ,

"Why are there black swans?" ,

“Have you heard about...?” etc.

Main part legends, as a rule, either have few episodes, or more often – one episode.

If this is a small chain of episodes showing the development of the action, they do not have a clear mandatory sequence, as in a fairy tale, but only serve to show the event. IN a short story– in the center is one episode around which everything develops.

The author tries to convince of the authenticity of what is happening, even if it is obvious fiction, he himself believes in what he says. Moreover, unlike a fairy tale, the phenomenon of “miracle” is used, and not “miracles, magic”.

Denouement May be

– expected(for example, in legends telling about the deeds of heroes, great people, exploits, battles);

– "turning point" , changing everything: “Since then, Ivan has become completely different...”, “From that day...”;

– at all unexpected : “But everything didn’t turn out that way...”, “Suddenly he looks...!”

Ending legends are also unstable.

Sometimes it is the result of actions, events: “That’s how it all happened...” , “People kept it in their memory...” , “Life has changed since then...” ,“Since then the swans have been black...” etc.

It can also be in the form of enshrining some rule: “They didn’t go there anymore...” , “I did the right thing...” ,“A lesson for everyone...” .

Morality and moral teaching can be in context - as a certain conclusion that the listener, reader must make, but they can also be open and direct: “You shouldn’t have climbed...” , "It's a sin..." etc.

The modern legend also preserves ancient features constructions, events, heroes and, of course, language change, but the basics remain.

The language of the legend is characterized by:

– change of narrative, style of speech (from simple to high);

– personification ;

– antithesis(including social);

– fantasy and humor ;

– hyperbola(perceived as reality)

– symbolism of images (including elements of ancient “taboos”, prohibitions, rules, rituals, traditions);

– anthropomorphic (everything about a person)));

– animism(belief in the soul, the animation of everything and everyone);

– initiation(transition to some new level of thinking, development, status, abilities, etc.);

–metamorphosis(transformation, reincarnation)

In my opinion, a legend is the most “folk” work, a kind of mirror of time, human understanding and explanation of reality. She is immortal. And I am sure that all the important events of the past century and the future century will be reflected in legends.

Write legends. Good luck to you.

Buslaev F.I. Historical essays Russian folk literature and art.

Afanasyev A.N. Russian folk legends.

Drahomanov M.I. Little Russians folk legends and stories.

Veselovsky A.N., Experiments on the history of the development of the Christian legend.

Propp V.Ya., Folklore and reality.

Morokhin V.N. Prose genres of Russian folklore.

Dear reader! Collected here short parables, fables and legends for children junior classes. They are redone and written in short sentences. Easy to read children. Will fit for children of any grade. Parables are added. If you have your own good parable, fable or legend - please send it. Or post it in the comments. Thank you! 🙂

Parable. What to be afraid of?

One day it started heavy thunderstorm. All the children ran home. But the little girl herself was not there.

Mom went to look for her. It was raining in the yard. Lightning flashed brightly. Thunder rumbled loudly.

Mom was scared. She closed her eyes from every lightning. And from every thunder she covered her head with her hands.

Mom found her daughter on the street. The girl was all wet. She jumped and danced in the rain. And when lightning flashed, the girl raised her face up. And smiled at the sky.

Mom was very surprised. She asked:

- Daughter! Are not you afraid? Are you scared?

But the daughter answered in surprise:

- No, mom! I'm not scared! I don't know what to be afraid of here?

And then she said:

- Mother! Look! I dance and the sky takes pictures of me!

The same parable performed by Alexandra

Don't judge strictly, performance without rehearsal:

Two apples

A parable about not making hasty conclusions.

A little girl brought two apples from the street. Probably someone gave it to me.

– Mom, look how beautiful the apples are!
- Yes, beautiful! Will you treat me? - Mom asked.

The little girl looked at the apples. And then she took a bite from one apple. I thought for a second and... – I bit the second one.

Mom was surprised. And I thought:

– What a greedy girl I’m growing up. She started eating both apples, but didn’t offer me one.

But to her surprise, the girl handed her mother one apple with the words:

- Mommy! Take this apple! It's sweeter! 🙂

Dear reader!

Fable for children

Fable Lion and Mouse

The lion was sleeping under a tree. And under this tree there was a Mouse hole. The mouse began to crawl out of the hole and woke up the Lion. The lion woke up and caught the mouse. The mouse began to ask:

- Let go! I promise to help you when you ask me.

The Lion let go of the Mouse and laughed. He said:

- How can you help me? You're so small.

Time has passed. The hunters wounded the lion. They tied him up with rope and decided to sell him to the zoo.

The lion roared loudly, but none of the animals came to the rescue. All the animals were also afraid of the hunters.

But the Mouse came running. She chewed the rope at night. And Leo was freed.

Then the Mouse said to the Lion:

– Remember, you laughed at me for being so small. You didn't believe that I could help you.

Lev said:

- Sorry, Mouse, that I laughed. I didn’t know that small animals can also be useful.

Fable for children

Fable Dog and Reflection

The dog walked along the plank across the river. She carried a bone in her teeth.

Suddenly the Dog saw her reflection in the water. She thought that another dog was carrying prey there. And it seemed to the dog that that dog had a much larger bone than hers.

The dog abandoned his prey and rushed to take the bone from the reflection.

As a result, the Dog was left with nothing. She lost hers and couldn’t take away someone else’s.

This fable is about a cowardly heart.
No matter how much you help a coward, he will still be afraid.

Mouse heart

Once upon a time there lived a little Mouse who was unhappy because he was afraid of everything. But most of all he was afraid of falling into the paws of a cat.

The mouse came to the Wizard and began to ask him to make him a cat.

The wizard took pity on the mouse and turned him into a cat.

But then this cat began to be afraid of dogs.

The wizard turned a former mouse into a dog. But then he began to be afraid of wolves.

The wizard turned him into a wolf. But then he became very afraid of hunters.

And then the Wizard gave up. He again turned him into a mouse and said:

- Nothing will help you. Because you have the heart of a cowardly mouse.

The Legend of King Solomon's Ring.

There is a legend about King Solomon.
This legend is about King Solomon and the magic ring. I think children will understand it just as much as adults.

The sage gave King Solomon a magic ring. He put this ring on the king's finger and said:

“Never take off the ring!”

On this ring was the inscription:

"All will pass!"

When the king was sad, Solomon looked at the ring and read the inscription:

"All will pass!"

And the magic of the ring acted on the king. Solomon stopped grieving.

The ring always helped the king. Even when Solomon was angry, he also looked at the ring and read:

"All will pass!"

He smiled and calmed down.

But one day a great grief happened. Solomon looked at the ring and read the inscription. But he didn’t calm down, he even got angry. Then he took the ring off his finger for the first time and wanted to throw it away. But he saw that there was also an inscription inside the ring. He read:

“This too shall pass!”

Solomon calmed down and smiled.

He never took his magic ring off his hand again. And he gave the sage an expensive gift.

Parable for children

Where does a zebra get stripes? African legend.

Once upon a time, the zebra was one color. She was brown, like an antelope. And Zebra didn't like it. But she didn't know what color she should be. She liked black and white.

The zebra took two brushes and two cans of paint: white and black.

Each time she painted herself, sometimes with black paint, sometimes with white. This is how the stripes appeared. She never decided what she should be, white or black.

Then Zebra decided to take a swim to wash off the paint. But the paint was already so ingrained that it was impossible to get rid of it. Since then, Zebras have become black and white striped.

The Legend of Narcissus.

It was a long time ago. Back when people didn't have mirrors.

One young man was very handsome. And to see his beauty, he went to the stream to look at his reflection.

He looked at his reflection for a long time and admired himself. Then a Fairy appeared from the forest and made the young man beautiful flower. This beautiful flower remained on the bank of the stream, admiring its reflection.

And people began to say to those who often look at their reflection:

– Don’t admire yourself for too long, lest you turn into a flower like Narcissus

Parables for children

The legend of how the kangaroo got its name.

The famous navigator James Cook sailed to Australia. There he saw amazing animals that jumped with huge leaps on two legs.

The surprised captain asked local resident:

-What is the name of this beast?

The native shrugged his shoulders because he didn’t understand anything.

Cook asked again:

- Who is this?– and pointed to the jumping animal.

The native replied:

- Kan garu.

In the local language this meant: "I do not understand you".

Cook asked:

- Kangaroo?

The native nodded his head:

– Kan garu

Cook wrote in his journal that he saw amazing animals that run by jumping on two legs. And these animals are called: kangaroo.

Parables for children

The dispute between the Sun and the Wind. Who is stronger?

The wind was bragging about how strong it was. The Sun decided to teach the Wind a lesson. It said:

“You see, there’s an old man in a raincoat.” Can you take his cloak off?
“Of course I can,” answered the Wind.

The sun hid behind a cloud, and the wind began to blow. It got stronger and stronger until it finally turned into a hurricane. But the stronger the Wind blew, the more the traveler wrapped himself in his cloak.

The sun said:

- Enough! Now it's my turn!

The wind died down and stopped.

And the Sun smiled at the traveler and warmed him with its rays. The old man cheered up, he felt warm - and he took off his cloak.

And the Sun said to the Wind:

- You see! There is another force.

Since then, the Wind has stopped boasting of its power in front of the Sun.

Parables for children

Parable. How to divide equally?

Two brothers lived in the same village. Father, we will give them a field. And the brothers decided to divide the field in half.

We started dividing. It seemed to one that the other most of gets... it’s the other way around... They couldn’t draw the line. We thought and wondered... we almost came to a fight...

And they decided to turn to the Sage.

- Tell me, Sage... How can we equally and peacefully divide the field among ourselves?

And the sage says:

- Do this. Let one brother divide the field in half as he decides to do it. And let the second one choose from two halves: which part will be his, and which part will go to his brother.

And so they did. One brother divided the field in half. He tried very hard to make sure the halves were the same. The second brother chose one half of the field. And I was pleased too. After this incident, the brothers began to divide everything in this way.

Parables for children

How to feel about your work.

Three workers were carrying bricks. A boy came up to them and asked:

- What are you doing?

The worker wiped the sweat from his forehead and replied:

– Don’t you see that we are carrying bricks?
- But why?
- Baby, this is our job.

The boy did not understand why people carry bricks. He approached another worker and asked:

- What are you doing?

He rolled up his sleeves and said matter-of-factly:

– Don’t you see? - We earn money.
- What for?
- What do you mean why? I need money, otherwise I wouldn't take this job.

Then the boy approached the third worker.

- What are you doing?

The man smiled and said:

- Like what? We are doing a good job. We are building a house for good people. People will live happily in it. I am glad that I have already built many beautiful houses.

The boy thought about it. People do the same job for different reasons. And with different moods.

Children's parables

Fight with Leo

Lion resting in the shade big tree after hearty lunch. It was midday. Heat.

The Jackal approached the Lion. He looked at the resting Leo and timidly said:

- A lion! Let's fight!

But the answer was only silence.

The jackal began to speak louder:

- A lion! Let's fight! Let's have a battle in this clearing. You are against me!

Leo didn't pay any attention to him.

Then the Jackal threatened:

- Let's fight! Otherwise I’ll go and tell everyone that you, Leo, scared me terribly.

Leo yawned, stretched lazily and said:

- And who will believe you? Just think! Even if someone condemns me for cowardice, it is still much more pleasant than the fact that they will despise me. Despised for fighting with some Jackal...

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Parables for children

Fly and bee

Mosquito asked Mukha:

- Is there somewhere nearby? beautiful flowers?

But the Fly answered Mosquito:

- There are no flowers here. But there are a lot of good trash heaps. You definitely need to fly to them. There's so much interesting stuff there.

The mosquito flew away. And he met the Bee. He asked:

- Bee! Where are the trash cans? I can't find them at all.

And the Bee answers:

- Don't know. I saw only beautiful flowers nearby. Let's fly together and I'll show them to you.

Parables for children

Ghost tree.

Not far from the road stood a large withered tree.

One night a thief passed by on the road. He saw a tree in the dark. But this silhouette seemed to him in the form of a policeman. The thief got scared and ran away.

In the evening a lover passed by. From a distance he noticed an elegant silhouette and thought that it was his beloved who had been waiting for him for a long time. His heart began to beat joyfully. He smiled and quickened his pace.

One day a mother and child walked past the tree. Kid scared scary tales, thought there was a ghost near the road and burst into tears.

But the tree always remained just a tree!

The world around us is a reflection of ourselves.

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Parables for children

What else could I become?

There lived two brothers. There was one brother successful person who achieved fame for their good deeds. The other brother was a criminal.

One day the police caught the criminal and the case was brought to court. Before the trial, a group of journalists surrounded him, and one asked a question:

- How did it happen that you became a criminal?
- I had a difficult childhood. My father drank, beat my mother and my brother and me. Who else could I become?

After a while, several journalists approached the first brother, and one asked:

- You are known for your achievements and good deeds. How did you achieve all this?

The man thought for a moment and then answered:

- I had a difficult childhood. My father drank, beat my mother, my brother and me. Who else could I become?

Parables for children

ALL IN YOUR HANDS
Parable

Once upon a time, in one city, I lived great sage. The fame of his wisdom spread far around him hometown, people from afar came to him for advice.

But there was a man in the city who was jealous of his glory. He once came to a meadow, caught a butterfly, planted it between his closed palms and thought:

- Let me go to the sage and ask him: tell me, oh wisest one, which butterfly is in my hands - alive or dead? - If he says dead, I will open my palms and the butterfly will fly away. If he says alive, I will close my palms and the butterfly will die. Then everyone will understand which of us is smarter.

That's how it all turned out. An envious man came to the city and asked the sage: “Tell me, oh wisest one, which butterfly is in my hands - alive or dead?”

Looking intently into the eyes, the sage said:

"All in your hands".

Parables for children

Parable. MASTER OF TOYS

Lived in a distant country an old man, Very loving children. He constantly made toys for them.

But these toys turned out to be so fragile that they broke faster than the child had time to play with them. Having broken another toy, the children were very upset and came to the master to ask for new ones. He gladly gave them others, even more fragile ones...

Finally, the parents intervened. They came to the old man with a question:

- Tell us, O Wise One, why do you always give our children such fragile toys that the children cry inconsolably when they break them?

And then the sage said:

- Quite a few years will pass, and someone will give these former children their heart. Maybe, having learned not to break fragile toys, they will be more careful about someone else’s heart?..

The parents thought for a long time. And they left, thanking the Teacher.

Parables for children

Paper

The teacher called his students and showed them a piece of white paper.

-What do you see here? – asked the Sage.

“Point,” one answered.

All the other students nodded their heads as a sign that they also saw the dot.

“Take a closer look,” said the Teacher.

But no matter how hard the students looked, they saw nothing but a black dot.

And then the teacher said:

- You all saw a small black dot, and no one noticed a clean white sheet...

“So I still have something to teach you.”

Parables for children

About trading methods

Once at the bazaar an ancient old man appeared in a skullcap and an oriental robe embroidered with an unusual pattern. The old man was selling watermelons.

There was a sign above his product:

“One watermelon – 3 rubles. Three watermelons – 10 rubles.”

A bearded man comes up and buys a watermelon for three rubles...

Then another watermelon for three rubles...

And at parting he joyfully says to the seller:

- Look, I bought three watermelons, but only paid 9 rubles, not 10. You don’t know how to trade!

The old man looks after him:

- Yes! They buy three watermelons from me instead of one, and then teach me how to trade...

Children's parables

Parable of two wolves

Once upon a time, an old Indian revealed one vital truth to his grandson.

- You see, in every the man is walking struggle. This fight is very similar to the fight between two wolves. One wolf represents evil: envy, jealousy, regret, selfishness, greed, lies... And the other wolf represents good: peace, love, hope, care, kindness, loyalty... And others good qualities person.

The little Indian thought for a long time. And then he asked:

- Grandfather! Which wolf wins in the end? Bad wolf or good wolf?

The old Indian smiled faintly and replied:

- Remember: the wolf you feed always wins.

Parables for children

A stupid boy

A little boy walks into a barber shop. The hairdresser recognizes him immediately and says to his clients:

- Look, this is the stupidest boy in the world! Now I will prove it to you.

The barber takes $1 in one hand and 25 cents in the other. He calls the boy and invites him to choose:

– Do you choose 1 or 25?
- Twenty five!

Everyone laughs. The boy receives 25 cents and leaves.

Soon, one client catches up with the boy and asks:

- Boy! Tell me, why did you choose 25 cents and not 1 dollar? Are you really that stupid that you don't realize that $1 is more than 25 cents?
- Fine! What will I get for this?
- You'll get another 25 cents.

The boy receives coins and says:

- Because the day I choose $1, I think the hairdresser will stop being happy. Visitors will have nothing to laugh about. I will become “smart”, I will no longer be “stupid”. And I won’t be able to get 25 cents every time.

Children's parables

The Legend of the Temple of a Thousand Mirrors

Many hundreds of years ago, high in the mountains there was a Temple with a Thousand Mirrors. Many people went to see him.

One day, a dog entered this temple. Looking around, the dog saw a thousand dogs in the mirrors and, frightened, bared its teeth.

At that moment she saw a thousand grinning dogs. The dog growled. And the echo responded with a growl...

With its tail between its legs, the dog jumped out of the temple, convinced that evil dogs lived in this temple.

A month later, another dog came to the temple with a thousand mirrors.

She entered it and, looking in the mirrors, saw a thousand friendly and peaceful dogs. She wagged her tail. And I saw a thousand friendly dogs.

Barking joyfully, she left the temple with full confidence that this Temple was full of friendly dogs.

• The world is often only a reflection of ourselves: if we look at the world brightly and joyfully, then it responds to us in the same way!

Parables for children

Bucket of apples

The man bought it for himself new house- large, beautiful - and a garden with fruit trees near the house. And nearby in an old house lived an envious neighbor.

One day a man woke up in good mood, went out onto the porch, and there was a pile of garbage.

What to do? Your porch needs to be cleaned. And also to find out who it was. And he found out - an envious neighbor.

I wanted to go and argue, but after thinking about it, I decided to do it differently.

He went into the garden, picked up the ripest apples and went to his neighbor.

The neighbor, hearing a knock on the door, thought maliciously: “Finally, my neighbor is angry!” Opens the door.

To his surprise, there was no one there, only apples. And on the apples there is a note:

He who is rich in what, shares it!

Children's parables

Bad words.

Two friends quarreled. And one began to say bad words about his friend to everyone he knew.

But then he calmed down and realized that he was wrong. He came to his friend and began to ask him for forgiveness.

Then the second friend said:

- Fine! I'll forgive you. Only on one condition.
- Which one?
- Take a pillow and let all the feathers out into the wind.

The first friend did just that. He tore the pillow. And the wind carried the feathers throughout the village.

A satisfied friend came to another and said:

- I completed your task. Am I forgiven?
- Yes, if you put all the feathers back into the pillow.

But you understand that it is impossible to collect all the feathers back. Likewise, bad words that have already scattered throughout the village cannot be taken back.

Sincerely, rhetoric coach Oleg Bolsunov.

Dear reader! I'm glad you visited my site! A big request: leave comments! What else can you read on this topic on the website:

• Proverbs
• Other legends and parables

Short legends, parables, fables for primary school children

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