Art accompanies the entire history of mankind. What does art give to a person?
RUSSIAN INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF TOURISM
VOLOKOLAMSK INSTITUTE OF HOSPITALITY
Department of Natural, Humanitarian and Social Sciences
__________________________________________
Name of the discipline
TOPIC: The place and role of art in the life of society
Completed by: Ishbekova E.I.
Form of study: correspondence
Course 1st group _______
Checked _________________
F. and. O. teacher
Volokolamsk 2008
Introduction. 3
Chapter 1. Art in the space of culture.. 4
1.1 Origin of art. 5
1.2 Art and other forms of culture.. 7
1.3 The nature of the artistic image. 9
1.4 Types of art. 10
Chapter 2. Art as the creation of aesthetic values. 13
2.1 Aesthetic values, their role in human life and society. 13
2.2 Modernism and postmodernism in the art of the twentieth century. 14
Conclusion. 18
References.. 19
Introduction
The purpose of this essay is to be able to understand the essence, laws of functioning and the social role of art, familiarity with which is the most important condition for the spiritual development of a person.
The formation of personality in all the versatility of its cultural development, professionalism, conscious discipline, and high morality is both the goal of culture and an indispensable condition for cultural progress.
Art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures general character the culture in which it is created and to which it belongs and represents holistically.
Studying art different nations And different eras, provided that its essence is understood, allows us to understand the general character of the respective cultures.
The essay makes an attempt to determine the place of art in the space of culture, to give an idea of the types of art and the nature of the artistic image.
Chapter 1. Art in the space of culture
Essence artistic culture is that the creator (professional, amateur, craftsman) thanks to their developed senses figuratively cognizes and figuratively models some fragment of reality, and then conveys it to the viewer or listener in an aesthetically expressive form. Artistic culture embraces the entire population. So, many people write poetry and music, draw in their youth, some continue to do this throughout their lives. But only what is created outstanding masters of his work in the field of artistic activity, has been preserved for centuries as having the highest value for society and constitutes art. Art is part of artistic culture, its pinnacle.
In artistic creativity, the spiritual and material penetrate each other, forming something third; they are not simply connected, as in the spheres of material and spiritual production, but are mutually identified: for example, a table as a utilitarian, material object can be made of wood, metal, plastic. However, it is impossible to imagine “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” by V. Mukhina made of wood or the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin made of concrete. This spiritual-material integrity, indivisibility, is called artistry. This is thinking in material, through color, words, sound, movement. The content contained in a work of art cannot be conveyed without loss by means of another type of art or simply “retold” in a different way.
The need and importance of studying art and its role in the life of society is explained by the fact that art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general character of the culture (say, primitive, medieval, etc.) in which it is created, to which it belongs and which it holistically represents. Art has a structure similar to culture, since it figuratively reveals what connects culture with nature, society and man. Thus, studying the art of different peoples and different eras allows us to understand the general character of the respective cultures.
The word "art" has many meanings. As artistic creativity it is more separated from art in a broad sense this word (skill, skill, craft - the skill of a carpenter, doctor, etc.). It would be more accurate to call artistic activity and what is its result - a work - art.
Art has creative nature. Creativity is the proactive, inspired activity of people and their groups in the name of preserving and strengthening existing values, and most importantly, in the name of their enrichment. Creativity is present in almost all forms of human activity - right down to everyday communication. But the creative impulses and abilities of people are most fully realized in the spheres of socially significant activities: scientific, industrial, state-political, philosophical and, of course, artistic. It is no coincidence that art is usually called artistic creativity.
1.1 Origin of art
The problem of the origin of art remains open and relevant to the present day. IN modern science The most justified idea is that art arises in primitive society as a socially determined way human activity, with the help of which people sought to solve some practical problems in their lives. Undoubtedly, labor (labor theory) played an important role in the origin of art. It was he who provided people with the material means to implement their ideas: improvement of hands, appearance of speech. According to archaeological data, the origin primitive art occurs 45-40 thousand years ago, when the species HomoSapiens is formed.
The appearance of art is associated with magical and mythological ideas. Mythological and magical images were the main content of ritual actions, rock art, sculptures. Rituals provided better labor activity, happy hunting. People painted, danced, sang because they considered these actions to contribute to success in their daily affairs, in their relationship with natural forces.
Primitive art was undeveloped and interacted in unity with other forms of material and spiritual activity. The mythological, practical and play aspects coexisted in it - painting, music, words, dance were not separated; In ancient times there was no division between creators and consumers of art. Gradually, art stands out from this unity as an independent sphere of spiritual activity. IN magical rituals ancient people, of course, there is a playful element.
Art has enormous and beneficial power to influence the spiritual life of the individual, society, and humanity. Romantic thinkers often even exaggerated the possibilities and public role artistic activity, they placed art above other forms of culture, including science and philosophy.
Art, whose significance for humanity is enormous and unique, at the same time does not need hierarchical elevation above other forms of human activity; it is among the equal facets of culture (science, philosophy, morality, politics, moral and practical consciousness, personal communication and etc.).
1.2 Art and other forms of culture
The place, role, and significance of art in different socio-historical situations was understood differently. It often happened that art was understood as a subordinate, auxiliary phenomenon: in relation to the state (Plato’s aesthetics), to religion and morality (the Middle Ages as the era of the dominance of the church), to the givens of reason (the rationalism of classicism and enlightenment), to official political ideology (30 -50s in the USSR). These opinions are one-sided and historically exhausted. Over time, it became increasingly clear that art has independence (albeit relative) from other phenomena public life that it has its own purpose.
Thinkers and artists of the Romantic era said that art has enormous and beneficial power to influence the spiritual life of the individual, society, and humanity. Romantic thinkers often even exaggerated the possibilities and social role of artistic activity and placed art above other forms of culture, including science and philosophy.
Of course, the truth lies in the middle. Art, whose significance for humanity is enormous and unique, at the same time does not need hierarchical elevation above other forms of human activity; it is among the equal facets of culture (science, philosophy, morality, politics, moral and practical consciousness, personal communication and etc.).
Thus, art interacts with politics: we all know the times of brutal control and censorship in the field of art, the dominance in it of ideological attitudes dictated by the authorities, which, of course, limits or negates the freedom of the creator.
There is a point of view that proclaims the absolute autonomy of art from other spheres of culture (especially from politics, ideology, social life). It is realized in the slogans “pure art” or “art for art’s sake.”
Art and religion. There are entire periods in history in relation to which we can talk about the complete subordination of art to a religious worldview. This is the art of the Middle Ages, Buddhist and muslim art. Religious art has its own characteristics: it is symbolic, canonical, and most often impersonal.
A typical example of religious art and its features is Russian orthodox icon, during the creation of which, as believers believe, God guides the hand of the icon painter. This entails an indifferent attitude towards the specific author of the work.
In icon painting, the desire to convey the supernatural in earthly images, through material means, is organically realized. Each type of icon ("Our Lady Hodegetria", "Transfiguration", "Annunciation", etc.) is built according to established canons, most of which in Russia go back to Byzantine models.
An iconographic work, unlike the work of a secular painter, becomes not a reflection real world, but a symbol, a sign through which a person comes into contact with God. The “dissimilarity” between the world in the icon and the real world is deliberate, because the icon is a symbol of the eternal, heavenly world.
The connection between art and philosophy is very deep: art, like philosophy, is the self-consciousness of culture. The worldview and philosophy of a certain era are reflected in art and symbolized by it. This is especially noticeable in the practice of modernism at the beginning of the twentieth century. In Russia in the 19th century literary works often not only rose philosophical questions, but also formed a picture of the world, philosophical system(for example, we can talk about the philosophy of F.M. Dostoevsky, which is captured in his works of art).
Art and technology also interact, which is especially evident in our time (examples include photography, cinema, television, stage, etc.) Thus, theater today is not only the acting and the work of the director, but also lighting, musical arrangement performance.
1.3 The nature of the artistic image
An artistic image is something new that did not exist in nature. “In a work of art,” wrote V. Korolenko, “we have a world reflected, refracted, perceived human soul. The most important feature of an artistic image is that it expresses an emotional and value-based attitude towards the object. Knowledge about an object serves only as a background against which the experiences associated with this object emerge.
Consequently, with the help of visual and expressive means, the author must not only tell about the event, but instill in the audience the experiences and impressions associated with it, i.e. an artistic image is created with the active participation of the imagination. The artist’s imagination is not only a psychological stimulus for his work, but also a certain reality present in the work.
Another important feature of an artistic image is its conventionality. But not photographicity, not illusoryness, not naturalism in the image are the primary tasks of artistic creativity. Goethe said that if an artist paints a poodle that looks very similar, then one can rejoice at the appearance of another dog, but not a work of art.
It must be added that artistic images created by art often become generally accepted cultural symbols, such as: Hamlet, Othello, Faust, Oblomov, Manilov, etc.
1.4 Types of art
The distinction between types of art is carried out on the basis of elementary, external, formal characteristics of works. Hegel identified and characterized five so-called great arts. This is architecture, sculpture, painting, music, poetry. Along with them, there is dance and pantomime (the arts of body movement), as well as stage direction - the art of creating a chain of mise-en-scenes (in the theater) and shots (in cinema): here the material carrier of imagery is spatial compositions that replace each other in time.
Architecture, decorative and applied arts, sculpture, painting and graphics are spatial arts. All of them operate with volumetric plastic materials in three-dimensional or two-dimensional space. They are also called plastic arts. They differ from each other in their iconic nature.
Architectural arts (architecture, decorative arts, design) do not depict anything in particular; the artistic image is built in them in a non-pictorial way. Therefore, they convey thoughts, feelings, and moods of people in an indirect, associative way.
Sculpture, painting and graphics are fine arts, in which the principle of creation artistic form is based on an image (with the help of lines, a spot of color, volume, etc.) Important: they do not depict impressions of objects (like, for example, literature), but the similarities of the objects themselves in their visible existence.
Architecture in to a greater extent than other arts, it is associated with utilitarian forms of human activity. The definition of the essence of architecture is well known: strength, usefulness and beauty. This truth remains unshakable to this day.
Sculpture - view visual arts, whose works are voluminous and have a three-dimensional shape. Since ancient times, the very activity of the sculptor has been understood as an act of creation, similar to the biblical one. In the sculptor’s work, thought is not separated from the material, giving rise to the image as a created spatial reality.
Painting is one of the main and oldest species visual arts. It received its most complete development with the spread of technology oil painting(XV century). The scope of painting compared to sculpture is undoubtedly wider. It is not limited only artistic depiction living beings, it has the power to convey almost any phenomenon, almost the entire visible world. On canvas you can capture a large-scale battle, a sunset over a lake, or a look full of joy.
Graphics is the most paradoxical of all types of fine art. On the one hand, this type of art is very democratic. We encounter works of graphic art literally at every step (books, posters, newspapers, advertisements, packaging, etc.) But at the same time, this most popular art is elitist, since very few connoisseurs understand graphics, understand them and know how to appreciate them .
Usually, when talking about graphics, they indicate that this is the art of black and white (a black line on a white surface). But at the same time, we can say that some book has bright, multi-color illustrations.
Temporary arts in the system of artistic culture are literature and music, those types of art whose works unfold in time.
The art of words is almost omnipotent in its visual and expressive capabilities, while painting and music one-sidedly reflect the visible and audible aspect of existence. Since language is the main means of communication between people, literature seems to be the simplest and most accessible form of art.
The word does not exhaust the image; it serves only as a material basis behind which the verbal-figurative meaning is hidden. With the help of words, you can recreate not only visually perceived reality, but also what is accessible to other senses - hearing, touch, smell. With the help of words you can convey the emotional and intellectual state of a person.
Traditionally, literature is divided into three types: epic, lyrical and dramatic.
Music is an art form that reflects reality and influences a person through meaningful and in a special way organized sound sequences. Music is a specific type of sound activity of people. It is united with other varieties, such as speech, by the ability to express a person’s thoughts, emotions and volitional processes in an audible form and serve as a means of communicating between people and controlling their behavior.
In addition to the listed types of art, there are also spectacular arts in the system of artistic culture. This is pantomime and dance, circus and theater, cinema and stage. Their artistic material is objective, included in the spatial environment and works only in this environment. But at the same time, it is not static, but lives in time, develops, transforms, and changes. Existing in the space of a stage, arena, screen, these arts, at the same time, are presented to the public and are focused on visual perception, which allows them to also be called spectacular arts.
The performing arts are synthetic in nature. They combine both opposite and similar arts in their characteristics. For example, theater combines the art of speech and pantomime on stage; Besides, acting on stage surrounded and supported by architecture, music, painting.
Chapter 2. Art as the creation of aesthetic values
2.1 Aesthetic values, their role in human life and society
Art performs whole line functions, different researchers count them up to ten to twenty. And yet the most important specific function art is artistic, which lies in its ability to provide a holistic, concrete, sensory reflection of life and a holistic influence on the spiritual world of man. Art is first and foremost an aesthetic phenomenon. Its sphere is the creation by human creative effort of a work intended for aesthetic perception, for the perception of beauty.
Art is directly related to the creation, accumulation, and transfer of values, not material, but spiritual values. Value is something that has positive significance. This can be a really existing object or a metaphysical principle, conceivable and imaginary.
Values play the role of guidelines in people's lives. Ideas about values are historically variable. In European antiquity, for example, beauty, proportionality, truth were considered the highest goods, Christendom- Faith Hope Love. In the era of rationalism, status highest value gains intelligence.
We learn from art eternal values, thanks to which art educates our morality. It orients and orients towards them, comprehends and illuminates reality in relation to them. Artistic values are capable of having an uplifting effect on the feelings, will and mind of people. These are perfect creations of art, necessary for each of us for a full-fledged spiritual existence and successful activities of people in various fields.
The spiritual assimilation of works of art is one of the highest human needs. The artistic need is inherent in all people who have reached the level of conscious existence. However, the artist highest degree endowed with such a need.
The aesthetic experience of humanity, rich and varied today, has been formed over thousands of years.
The importance of the aesthetic in the life of each person and humanity as a whole is enormous. Aesthetic emotions are able to acquire scale and mark certain upsurges of the spirit, stellar moments in the history of mankind.
Thanks to aesthetic experiences, the unity of people with the good and universal principles of existence is strengthened. Aesthetic emotions give a person the opportunity to gain spiritual freedom.F. Schiller argued that beauty opens a person's path to perfection and harmony, to the harmony of sensual and spiritual forces.
2.2 Modernism and postmodernism in the art of the twentieth century
At the beginning of the twentieth century, an aesthetic revolution took place in the world, the connection of which with the social upheavals of that time is obvious. The classical pictorial system stopped working where the picture of the world itself lost its clear outlines. The ideology, the way of life of people, its rhythm have changed. Scientific and technological progress is also transforming human society beyond recognition. At the beginning of the century, mass standardized production arises, people's tastes and preferences change more and more, which ultimately leads to the spread of mass culture and mass art. On historical scene mass consumers are coming out, mass consciousness, Mass culture.
So, in the twentieth century. The nature of artistic creativity is changing radically, and this is primarily due to the practice of modernism (avant-gardeism) and postmodernism. The art of previous times was perceived as an extremely serious activity. It claimed no less than the mission of the savior of the human race (which was especially clearly manifested in the aesthetic views of the romantics). Contemporary art, on the one hand, feels structureless and inexpressible modern realities, on the other hand, the artist’s desire to rise above the fray, to transform chaos into order, remains irresistible.
Modernism was built on the negation of previous art, but at the same time it was a throw into the future and developed an adequate artistic appearance of the era. It was “modernity’s reworking of its own meaning.”
Modernism is associated with the departure of culture from realism, with the proclamation of the independence of art from reality. Modernist (avant-garde) artists experiment with art material, create new style, language, content in the fine arts.
The art of the twentieth century is becoming increasingly complex. The absence of stable stylistic movements (such as classicism, romanticism, etc. in previous eras), noticeable since the beginning of the twentieth century, often makes the very process of artistic contact very problematic.
The growing education of the population led to the invasion of the masses into art, as a result of which in the twentieth century works began to be targeted at certain segments of consumers - the highly erudite elite and the not-so-literate mass audience. This is how elite and mass culture (high and mass art, respectively) become widespread.
The division of culture into culture for all and culture for the elite has existed for a long time. Priests and shamans already in ancient times constituted the cultural elite. When writing arose, a line between culture appeared educated people and folk culture (folklore).
Folk culture and folk art reflect the highest spiritual, emotionally experienced and fixed in feelings and tastes of a person’s state and his satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the world, the desire to harmonize relations with it, embodies the ideal ideas of the masses. It is in folk culture that the idea of good and evil, of hero and villain, of beauty and horror, etc. is formed.
Elite culture is created by a privileged part of society or at its request by professional creators. It includes fine art, classical music, literature. High culture is difficult for an unprepared person to understand. The circle of its consumers is a highly educated part of society (critics, writers, regular visitors to museums, theatergoers, artists, etc.), that is, specialists in any field of high culture.
Classical, high or elite art, as time has shown, is the foundation on which values are and will be created that replenish the spiritual arsenal of humanity.
Unlike elite culture, which requires serious intellectual and spiritual readiness to master it, mass culture is perceived as effortless, a natural phenomenon, over which there is no need to rack one's brains and experience emotional shock.
Mass art endlessly reproduces surrogates and fakes, which dulls the public's taste. Examples of mass art include pop music, music video culture, the fashion industry, certain genres of film and television (melodrama, action, etc.)
Mass culture was, is and will always be. The amount of information contained in modern culture, immense. Works with deep content are often difficult to understand and require significant emotional and intellectual effort to master. It has become extremely difficult modern Art.
Of course, high and mass art are oriented towards primarily satisfying different needs of people. Thus, mass art is aimed, first of all, at satisfying recreational and compensatory needs with the unconditional implementation of other functions by its individual works, while high art - a repository of aesthetic values created by humanity - is a source of satisfying the widest range of human needs (cognitive, educational , social, etc.).
Conclusion
Thus, art cannot be considered an optional addition to the more pressing benefits and needs of people. It plays a huge role in the life of human society, ensuring the creation, accumulation and transmission spiritual experience and aesthetic values from generation to generation, from person to person, from culture to culture. Art is a kind of mirror and self-awareness of any culture, which reflects its essential features. By mastering works of art, a person socializes, gets to know the world, its past, present and future, learns to comprehend the emotional and intellectual world of another. The need for art never leaves a person; even in the most difficult historical moments he experiences it. Refusal of artistic activity can return a person to a primitive state, neglect of high culture and its values can and does lead to a decline in morality and, as a consequence, rampant crime, drug addiction, etc. phenomena. And the cultural policy of any state should provide support high art, which is going through far from the best times in market conditions.
Bibliography
1. M.G. Balonova - Art and its role in the life of society, ( tutorial), Nizhny Novgorod, 2007
2. E.G. Borisova - Culture, its significance in human life and society, Ulyanovsk, 2004
3. Soviet encyclopedic Dictionary, ed. 3, M. 1985
Art- this is a creative understanding of the world around us talented person. The fruits of this understanding belong not only to its creators, but to all humanity living on planet Earth.
Immortal beautiful creations ancient Greek sculptors and architects, Florentine mosaic masters, Raphael and Michelangelo... Dante, Petrarch, Mozart, Bach, Tchaikovsky. It takes your breath away when you try to grasp with your mind everything created by geniuses, preserved and continued by their descendants and followers.
TYPES OF ARTS
Depending on the material means with which they are constructed works of art, three groups of types of arts objectively arise: 1) spatial, or plastic (painting, sculpture, graphics, art photography, architecture, arts and crafts and design), i.e. those that deploy their images in space; 2) temporary (verbal and musical), i.e. those where images are built in time, and not in real space; 3) spatiotemporal (dance; acting art and all based on it; synthetic - theater, cinema, television, variety and circus, etc.), i.e. those whose images have both extension and duration, physicality and dynamism. Each type of art is directly characterized by the method of material existence of its works and the type of figurative signs used. Within these limits, all its types have varieties, determined by the characteristics of a particular material and the resulting originality of the artistic language.
Yes, varieties verbal art are oral creativity And written literature; types of music - vocal and different types instrumental music; varieties of performing arts - dramatic, musical, puppetry, shadow theater, as well as stage and circus; varieties of dance - everyday dance, classical, acrobatic, gymnastic, ice dance, etc.
On the other hand, each type of art has generic and genre divisions. The criteria for these divisions are defined differently, but the very presence of such types of literature as epic, lyric poetry, drama, such types of fine art as easel, monumental-decorative, miniature, such genres of painting as portrait, landscape, still life is obvious...
Thus, art, taken as a whole, is a historically established system of various specific methods of artistic exploration of the world,
each of which has features that are common to all and individually unique.
THE ROLE OF ART IN PEOPLE'S LIFE
All types of arts serve the greatest of arts - the art of living on earth.
Bertolt Brecht
Now it is impossible to imagine that our lives would not be accompanied by art and creativity. Wherever and whenever a person lived, even at the dawn of his development, he tried to comprehend the world around him, which means he sought to understand and figuratively, intelligibly pass on the acquired knowledge to subsequent generations. This is how wall paintings appeared in caves - ancient human settlements. And this is born not only from the desire to protect one’s descendants from the mistakes already made by one’s ancestors, but from the transfer of the beauty and harmony of the world, admiration for the perfect creations of nature.
Humanity did not mark time, it progressively moved forward and higher, and art also developed, accompanying man at all stages of this long and painful path. If you look at the Renaissance, you admire the heights that artists and poets, musicians and architects reached. The immortal creations of Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci still fascinate with their perfection and deep awareness of the role of man in the world, where he is destined to walk his short but beautiful, sometimes tragic path.
Art is one of the most important stages in human evolution. Art helps a person to look at the world with different points vision. With each era, with each century, it is improved more and more by man. At all times, art has helped people develop their abilities and improve abstract thinking. Over the centuries, man has tried more and more to change art, improve it, and deepen his knowledge. Art is great secret a world in which the secrets of the history of our lives are hidden. Art is our history. Sometimes you can find answers to questions that even the most ancient manuscripts cannot answer.
Today, a person can no longer imagine life without a read novel, without a new movie, without a theater premiere, without a fashionable hit and a favorite musical group, without art exhibitions... In art, a person finds new knowledge, answers to vital questions, peace from the everyday bustle, and pleasure. A real work of art is always in tune with the thoughts of readers, viewers, and listeners. A novel can tell about a distant historical era, about people who seem to have a completely different way and style of life, but the feelings with which people at all times were imbued are understandable to the current reader, consonant with him, if the novel was written by a real master. Let Romeo and Juliet live in Verona in ancient times. It is not the time or place of action that determines my perception great love and true friendship, described by the brilliant Shakespeare.
Russia has not become a distant province of art. Even at the dawn of its emergence, it loudly and boldly declared its right to stand next to the greatest creators of Europe: “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” icons and paintings of Andrei Rublev and Theophan the Greek, the cathedrals of Vladimir, Kyiv and Moscow. We are not only proud of the amazing proportions of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl and the Moscow Intercession Cathedral, better known as St. Basil's Cathedral, but also sacredly honor the names of the creators.
It is not only ancient creations that attract our attention. We constantly encounter works of art in Everyday life. When visiting museums and exhibition halls, we want to experience the wonderful world, which is accessible at first only to geniuses, and then to others, we learn to understand, see, and absorb the beauty that has already become a part of our ordinary life.
Pictures, music, theater, books, films give a person incomparable joy and satisfaction, make him sympathize. Eliminate all this from your life civilized man, and he will turn, if not into an animal, then into a robot or zombie. The riches of art are inexhaustible. It is impossible to visit all the museums in the world, you cannot listen to all the symphonies, sonatas, operas, you cannot review all the masterpieces of architecture, you cannot re-read all the novels, poems, poems. And there's no point. Know-it-alls actually turn out to be superficial people. From all the diversity, a person chooses for his soul what is closest to him, what gives the basis to his mind and feelings.
No matter how complex and unpredictable our life may be, there are always moments and events that decorate it and make it beautiful. We always try to strive for the best, for something good. Living, loving, doing something useful for yourself and society is wonderful. The role of art is as important as life itself. Everything that surrounds us is a kind of art.
Even in ancient times, our ancestors tried to depict some pictures, events of their lives, battles, and hunting on walls, pieces of leather, and stones. At that time, they had no idea that their attempts would bring a lot of new knowledge for humanity in the future. Their sculptures, utensils, weapons, clothes have great importance, thanks to these finds, we know the history of the development of our ancestors. Then they had no idea that everything they did was art, and that the role of art in human life would be very great.
Cultural development and morality are promoted different directions art (the essence of which is to show and teach the real and beautiful world). With the help of music, poetry of professionals and amateurs, we can learn aesthetic perception our world. Therefore, the role of art in human life is simply enormous!
Artists, sculptors, poets, musicians and every person who tries to convey through their creativity the perception and vision of something special that surrounds us, occupies an important place in the cultural development of humanity. Even Small child Having made his first drawing, appliqué or craft, he has already to some extent touched the world of art. At an older age, as a teenager, his tastes in choosing a clothing style, preferences in music, books and his perception of life are formed. Worldview and aesthetic taste are aligned in logical chain in direct communication with works of art, but only personal assessment influences the choice and formation of taste. Therefore, it is necessary to encounter the world of art and real masterpieces more often.
The role of art in human life is so great that, once having acquired the habit of visiting museums and art galleries, read interesting books, poetry, you will want to touch the spiritual and historical world, meet new and interesting people, learn the artistic creations of other peoples, get acquainted with their history and culture. All this brings variety and bright colors to our lives, contributes to the desire to live better, more interesting. There is a lot of spiritual wealth around us and the role of art in modern world takes no last place. Having touched the beautiful, a person tries to bring as many beautiful things into his life as possible, strives for the perfection of his body and speech, correct behavior and communication with other people. Studying and communicating with art, there is a desire to come up with something new and original, you want to create and invent.
I want to talk to you about what does art give to a person?– I think many will be interested in this topic. Sometimes our life is complex and unpredictable, but also beautiful at the same time, thanks to the events and moments that decorate it and make it incredibly delightful.
what does art give to a person?
People around us perceive each other differently, but we all have an inherent desire for beauty, for the best.
We all live, learn, do useful things for the people around you and for yourself, of course – and it’s just amazing! But art is no less important for all of us than the above. Agree, everything around us is also related to art! From history we know about the cave paintings of ancient people; they also painted their bodies on pieces of leather, depicting in these unique pictures some events of their lives - hunting, military operations, everyday life. And they had no idea that it was from these paintings that in the future the life history of the ancients would be recreated... But these deeds of our ancestors also belong to art, and this type of art is of great value to us. Of course, many will agree with the statement that science, physical labor, tends to satisfy only the material needs of people, when objects of art, art itself, are spiritual food - what does art give to a person?.
People changed during the course of evolution, but without spiritual food, the disharmony within everyone was felt more and more clearly. Trying to overcome this disharmony, people invented and began to introduce art into their lives - this is how paintings by artists, acting, music, books appeared... I suggest visiting the website of the store-gallery - http://print4you.com.ua/, where you can admire famous paintings and at the same time choose a reproduction to your liking. We all know how well it harmonizes human soul The talent of artists, which is called fine art, is a special talent for getting rid of all kinds of mental illnesses. It’s probably not for nothing that drawing has been introduced in hospitals for such patients - an activity that heals the soul...
And as for artists, by embodying his plans and anxieties in painting a picture, the artist thereby rejects the problems that are painful for him. The work done gives the master harmony and gives strength to continue life. This concerns not only artists, but also poets, writers, composers, musicians - people of art - what does art give to a person?!
I once read Goethe’s notes that thanks to his novel about young Werther and his suffering, he was able to continue to live, despite all the vicissitudes of fate. In my opinion, this says a lot... All kinds of art directions contribute to the development of the personality of each of us - the development of morality and culture, that is, they teach around us, at the same time the real. Music, poetry, paintings by artists, books, wonderful films give us the opportunity to understand the aesthetics of our surroundings, and it is for this reason that the importance of art is invaluable to us.
With their creativity, poets with writers and actors, sculptors with, artists with composers and musicians tend to convey to us their perception of the world, something secret, unknown and unusual to us! Thanks to their creativity, cultural development all of us. Even as children, we all come into contact with the world of art, drawing our first picture, or reading a poem we composed ourselves. As we get older, we form our tastes regarding music, musical preferences and attitudes towards films, books - what does art give to a person?.
Art also performs an irreplaceable and increasingly significant function, participating in the socialization of the individual, introducing him into the system of moral and aesthetic values, behavioral patterns and reflective positions that are relevant to society, into the generalized real social experience of human interaction, as well as into artificially constructed experience built on based on imaginary images and collisions.
To this should be added the environment-organizing function of artistic culture as a whole, associated with the design of an aesthetically organized human environment, saturated with examples of artistic and cultural values generated by art. All this makes art one of the essential tools social regulation of society.
Contemporary art acts as art program a changing world - a world of accelerating social progress based on advanced technology, urbanization, massification of style and lifestyle.
At the same time, art is defined as a process in which a vital procedure of exchange of meanings takes place, which are social constructs and are changeable, dependent on time and place. Aimed at disclosure creative possibilities of man in the process of a plural vision of the universe, contemporary art seeks to provoke the intellectual participation of the viewer, to awaken ordinary consciousness, offering a radically new experience of understanding the world.
Art should “double” a person’s real life activity, be its imaginary continuation and addition, and thereby expand the life experience of the individual, allowing her to “live” many illusory “lives” in “worlds” created by writers, musicians, painters, etc.
Human artistic and creative activity unfolds in diverse forms, which are called types of art, genera and genres of art. The abundance and diversity of these forms may seem like a chaotic accumulation, but in reality they are a naturally organized (or rather, naturally historically self-organized) system of species, generic, genre forms. So, aesthetic theory found that depending on the material means with which works of art are constructed, three groups of art forms objectively arise:
- 1) spatial, or plastic (painting, sculpture, graphics, artistic photography, architecture, decorative and applied arts and design), i.e. those that deploy their images in space;
- 2) temporary (verbal and musical), i.e. those where images are built in time, and not in real space;
- 3) spatio-temporal (dance; acting and everything based on it synthetic art- theater, film art, television art, variety and circus art, etc.), i.e. those whose images have both extension and duration, physicality and dynamism.
On the other hand, in each of these three groups of art, artistic and creative activity can use: 1) signs of a pictorial type, i.e., suggesting the similarity of images with sensory perceived reality (painting, sculpture, graphics - the so-called fine arts; literature, acting art); 2) signs of a non-pictorial type, that is, those that do not allow recognition in the images of any real objects, phenomena, actions and those addressed directly to the associative mechanisms of perception (architectural and applied art, music and dance); 3) signs of a mixed, figurative-non-figurative nature, characteristic of synthetic forms of creativity (synthesis of architecture or decorative and applied arts with the visual arts; verbal-musical - song and acting-dance - pantomimic synthesis).
Term modern Art, in general, refers to art that exists in this moment. The use of the adjective "modern" to define a period in art history is partly due to the absence of any particular or prevailing school of art recognized by artists, art historians and critics. It is generally accepted that modern art begins from the late 60s until the present day, or immediately after the end of Art Nouveau or the Modernist period.
Perhaps the most striking aspect of modern art is its indefinability. Works created before the 60s could easily be attributed to one school or another. Even in the works of the 1970s and 1980s one can find features Conceptual, Expressive, Feminist arts, Pop art, Graffiti. Just like in the ordinary world, the art world is increasingly experiencing the effect of globalization. Many boundaries and distinctions within art itself were lost. Art Nouveau and contemporary art should not be confused, although some modern trends and movements have their roots in modernism. Also, many movements turned to the basics of painting, such as color, brush strokes and canvases. Important characteristic of Contemporary art is that it often touches on areas and things that affect the world.
Cloning, politics, economics, issues of gender, sexuality, ethnicity or race, human rights, war, or perhaps the high price of bread in a particular area. This emphasis on politics, while not new, appears to be increasing. Historically, art used to be associated with aesthetic concepts beauty, purity and transcendence. It was associated with “high motives” - and not with war. Breaking down this distinction... important aspect contemporary art.
Modern Art often intersects with the outside world; it is not limited by the choice of materials or methods. It can use both traditional forms, such as painting, drawing and sculpture, and non-traditional forms - performance, installations, video and other various materials. Contemporary art is becoming increasingly global, slowly breaking down the cultural barriers that separate the old-fashioned elitism of high art from public opinion.
The truth of art as a game does not depend on the dynamics of regularity and chance, which affirm the game as an exclusively momentary, instantaneous creation created precisely at this moment; Truth art as games reveals all its depths even after the game itself.
Art as a game in the overwhelming majority of cases, strives not to be a game, but to be life, to be anything but a game, a “pure” game. Therefore, art as a game is distinguished by its search for truth. The twentieth century gave rise to such an abundance and diversity creative directions in the visual arts, and such a mixture of all kinds of justifications, explanations, proposals and interpretations of the essence of the object of art itself, that as a result, complete and utter chaos reigned both in ideas about art and in creative activity itself.
Authors pop art ( optical art) , showing incredible patience and accuracy, they create complex compositions on a plane from lattice and spiral figures and paint them in such a way that at first the viewer’s eyes simply dazzle, and after a while sensations appear optical illusions and spatial shifts on the plane of these compositions. Such colored charades can be very best case scenario entertaining toys, but nothing more.
Authors and researchers conceptual art always emphasize the solidity and thoroughness of the scientific base on which the beautiful edifice of the conceptual direction of the modern avant-garde rests. The works of conceptualists are compositions from individual household items, from absurd combinations of these objects, accompanied by some phrases, texts, forms, certificates, schedules, graphics, individual letters, numbers, these compositions, promotions characters performing absurd, absurd, unmotivated actions - all these creative efforts of avant-garde artists appear before the viewer who came to see works of fine art. Of course, the viewer perceives such a vernissage as something absurd, devoid of any meaning. Maximum amount information contains the most unexpected message. And the compositions or actions of avant-garde artists appear before us as completely ridiculous, completely unexpected, that is, they should carry maximum information. It is this fragment of information theory that conceptualists use to confirm the significance of their work. Authors and theorists of conceptualism argue that their works contain such an abundance of significant information that the viewer is simply not able to rise to their level and assimilate it.
That is, even if in a message that is incomprehensible at first glance, in a meaningless composition, in an absurd action, there is some internal organization, then all the same, these compositions and these actions lie outside the scope of aesthetic phenomena. Agree that this has nothing to do with art, or artists, or spiritual culture, or aesthetics,
Alternative art. The term "graffiti" is used to classify a generally illegal art form that attempts to establish a type of coherent composition through drawings and writing created individually or in groups on walls or other surfaces that are visually accessible to the public. The authors of graffiti are most often non-professional artists. Even on the Moon, American astronauts left a memory of themselves in the form of graffiti. Therefore, as an art form and a means of expressing views, it is flexible, inclusive and free from censorship. Graffiti can be seen as a concrete manifesto of personal and social ideologies, very effective in terms of visual impact on people.
In principle, there is more or less an equal sign between the concepts "modern Art" And "contemporary art" This is the art that exists in galleries, has not yet been museumified, in essence, contemporary art is that which is not recognized as classical.
