Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts main building. State Museum of Fine Arts named after A

• Second largest exposition foreign art in Russia, including ancient monuments, paintings Rembrandt, Claude Monet, Degas, Van Gogh, Picasso.
• A unique collection of plaster casts with main sculptural monuments from antiquity to the Renaissance.
• The largest exhibition venue, periodically offering world-class exhibitions.
• Music Festival " December evenings by Svyatoslav Richter” takes place in the museum, combining musical concerts with the theme art exhibitions.
• IN in the vicinity of the museum you can stroll along the neighboring streets and admire architectural masterpieces in the Russian Art Nouveau style, and visit other museums.
• All important information translated into English, There are audio guides, it is possible to go on a guided tour.

State Museum fine arts them. A.S. Pushkin is one of most interesting places capital Cities. Here you can see the first largest collection of foreign art in Moscow and the second largest in Russia (after the Hermitage). However, the Pushkin Museum is not only a collection of monuments Ancient Egypt or a place where you can see original paintings by the classics Rembrandt, Poussin, Canaletto and the famous impressionists and post-impressionists Claude Monet, Degas, Van Gogh, Picasso. The peculiarity of this museum is that it presents plaster casts life-size from all major sculptural monuments of antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Thus, the museum makes it possible to get a clear idea of sculptural masterpieces, the originals of which are scattered throughout the galleries different countries. The pearl of this area of ​​the museum is the Italian courtyard - exact copy courtyard of the Florentine Bargello palace. In addition, the Pushkin Museum is one of the most active venues in the city, hosting world-class temporary exhibitions. Recent events include, for example, personal exhibitions Picasso, Turner, Caravaggio, Titian and Raphael.

Let's list the sections expositions of the Main building of the museum: Art of Ancient Egypt; Art of the Middle East (originals and replicas); Ancient Troy and the excavations of G. Schliemann (“Priam’s treasure”); Ancient art (originals and replicas); Byzantine art; Art of the Middle Ages (copy casts); Renaissance art (copy casts); Art of Germany and the Netherlands from the 15th to 16th centuries; art of Flanders and Holland of the 17th century; XVII - XVIII centuries; art France XVII‒ beginning of the 19th century.

The museum hosts excursions, lectures, and master classes. Has a long tradition music Festival“December Evenings of Svyatoslav Richter”, invented in 1981 by the pianist together with long-time museum director Irina Antonova. The festival combines the themes of art exhibitions with music concerts. Branches Pushkin Museum are located nearby and the Department of Personal Collections.

The Pushkin Museum is located in the very heart of Moscow, between the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. In the area of ​​Volkhonki Street, the historical buildings of the 19th century are well preserved. Two famous Moscow streets diverge from here - Ostozhenka and Prechistenka, where many architectural masterpieces in the Russian Art Nouveau style have been preserved. The area is also home to numerous art and literary museums.

History of the museum

The history of the creation of the museum is closely connected with personality (1847 - 1913). He was a prominent historian, philologist and art critic, professor at Moscow University, had high rank Privy Councillor. Initially, Tsvetaev collected casts for the university Cabinet fine arts and antiquities. Later this project grew into an organization plan educational museum for students studying architecture and sculpture.

In 1896, the terms of the Competition for the development of a project for the museum building were published. As a result, R. Klein's project was approved. Work on the construction of the building was carried out with the help of famous engineers I. Rerberg and V. Shukhov. Initially, the museum did not have electric lighting: the light had to enter the halls through the ceiling. The shape of the building resembles an ancient temple on a podium with a colonnade. The Ionic colonnade of the museum building has a prototype - the famous portico of the caryatids of the Erechtheion in Athens. The frieze behind the colonnade of the facade is a copy of the Parthenon frieze, and on the attic there is a relief carved with the image Olympic Games. The interiors of the halls are decorated in accordance with the themes of the sections. One of the brightest and most memorable examples of this solution is the Egyptian hall, the design of which uses the shapes of Egyptian columns, and the paintings reflect the motifs of ancient Egyptian painting.

In 1898, a special “Museum Organization Committee” was created to organize the museum. Its chairman became Grand Duke Sergey Aleksandrovich. Almost 80% of the budget was contributed by Yu. Nechaev-Maltsov, major philanthropist and diplomat. In 1912, the grand opening of the Museum of Fine Arts named after Alexandra III. The ceremony was attended by Emperor Nicholas II and Maria Feodorovna (widow of Emperor Alexander III).

IN Soviet time The museum's collections expanded significantly, including through the nationalization of private collections, and the museum was removed from the private jurisdiction of Moscow University. On the anniversary of the centenary of the death of the great Russian poet (1937), the museum was given the name. A specific episode in the history of the museum occurred in 1949 - 1953, when the main part of the halls was dedicated to an exhibition of gifts. Almost immediately after the death of the leader, the familiar permanent exhibition was restored and opened.

For the 100th anniversary of the Pushkin Museum in 2012, work began on creating the so-called “Museum Town”: a complex of buildings to expand the exhibition area and general functionality. The project is planned to be completed by 2019. The Main Building and Gallery are currently operating as normal, with the Personal Collections Department holding only temporary exhibitions until work is completed.

Museum collection

The collection of the Pushkin Museum includes over 670 thousand exhibits, and the exhibition area of ​​the museum is 2600 square meters. The museum consists of several buildings. The Main Building (Volkhonka St., 12) houses collections of casts and original works of art from ancient times to the 18th century. New art is exhibited in the adjacent building of the Gallery of European Art and America XIX– XX centuries (Volkhonka st., 14). On the opposite side of the Main Building there is the Department of Personal Collections (Volkhonka St., 10) and the Museyon (Kolymazhny Lane, 6, bldg. 2) - a unique museum, the exhibition in which is not classified according to the usual chronological order, but according to the collections in which the works ended up in the museum. The personalities of collectors are given attention here Special attention.

Center aesthetic education"Museion" was opened in 2006, classes are held here in children's groups, there is a Club of Young Art Critics, and exhibitions of Museyon students are held.

As already mentioned, the first stage in the development of the museum was a collection of casts from masterpieces of sculpture, which would help students in their studies. To make plaster copies, molds made from the original monuments were used. They correspond to their actual size, which is very difficult to determine from photographs. Then, individual collections of original works of art began to be received into the museum's funds from benefactors or acquired. One of the first was the collection of V. Golenishchev. This outstanding orientalist collected an excellent collection of monuments of Ancient Egypt, which was acquired by the state and transferred to the museum in 1909 - 1911. The exhibits there date back to the 4th millennium BC. until the 4th century BC Among them are real archaeological artifacts, such as a bust of Pharaoh Amenemhat III, created in the 19th century BC, and a cosmetic spoon from the New Kingdom era.

Another early arrival is the Italian collection painting XIII‒ XIV centuries, donated by diplomat M. Shchekin. After

The idea to create a museum of fine arts in Moscow existed since early XIX century. Your projects in different time proposed by prominent Russian figures: Zinaida Volkonskaya in 1831, Karl Hertz in 1858, Nikolay Isakov in 1864, but it was created only in turn of the 19th century and XX centuries.

First of its kind

Moscow museums of the second half of the 19th century were not like modern galleries. Firstly, most often these were private collections, limited by the budget and tastes of their owners. Secondly, they were usually located in premises that were not originally built to host exhibitions, and were not always well suited for this. And thirdly, entrance to the exhibitions was not open to everyone: the first one was fully public Art Museum in Russia it was opened only in 1885, and not in the capital St. Petersburg or Moscow, but in the provinces. It became the Radishchevsky Museum in Saratov, opened artist A.P. Bogolyubov, the writer's grandson.

Founding Fathers

The Pushkin Museum exists thanks to two people: Yuri Nechaev-Maltsov And Ivan Tsvetaev.

Ivan Tsvetaev- famous scientist-historian, archaeologist, philologist and art critic, father poetess Marina Tsvetaeva - became the main organizer and inspirer of the project of the Museum of Fine Arts. He made a speech about the need to build such a museum at a congress of Russian artists and art lovers, convened on the occasion of the donation of the Tretyakov brothers’ art gallery to Moscow. A competition was announced for the best museum project, which was won by architect R. Klein, who, in turn, used the design of the self-taught architect P. Boytsov. However, construction began only after Tsvetaev met the millionaire Yuri Nechaev.

Ivan Tsvetaev, founder of the museum. Work no later than 1913. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / Karl Andreevich Fischer

Yuri Nechaev was a Russian manufacturer, diplomat, owner of the largest in Russia glass factories. And before the construction of the museum, he was known in Moscow and beyond as a generous philanthropist. For example, he subsidized the publication of the magazine “Artistic Treasures of Russia”, whose editors were Alexander Benois And Adrian Prakhov, founded in 1885 in Vladimir the Technical School named after I. S. Maltsov, one of the best in Europe in terms of technical equipment (now the Vladimir Aviation Mechanical College), during the construction of the Historical Museum in Vladimir, donated glass for the manufacture of museum display cases, built the Church of St. George in Gus-Khrustalny.

Nechaev invested two out of 2.6 million rubles - fabulous money at that time - into the construction of the Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow.

Pushkin Museum before opening. May 31, 1912. Photo by K. A. Fisher/Commons.wikimedia.org

Columns from Norway

The first stone of the new museum was laid in 1898, and construction began, which lasted 13 years. Klein was sent on a long business trip to European countries to study the experience of creating foreign museums.

There were no such things in those days complex systems lighting that we see today in museums, and it was assumed that visitors would view works of art in daylight, and in dark time The museum will be closed for 24 hours. V. G. Shukhov created unique glass ceilings for the museum. Their design was unique, like many of Shukhov’s other projects: thanks to the use of ties, he managed to create a light and at the same time durable glass arch.

300 workers hired by Nechaev-Maltsov mined white marble of special frost resistance in the Urals. However, it soon became clear that it would not be possible to produce 10-meter columns in Russia. Then the patron ordered them from Norway, and they were delivered first by sea on a steamship, and then by barge along the rivers all the way to Moscow. Nechaev also paid for the design of the central main staircase multi-colored types of Hungarian marble, production of a twenty-meter frieze - copies mosaic panels St. Mark's Basilica in Venice and many other rich details of the museum's interior.

Thanks to the use of ties, Vladimir Shukhov managed to create a light and at the same time durable glass arch. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Antique temple

The museum was named after Emperor Alexander III and immediately after the opening it gained enormous popularity: on weekdays it was visited by 700-800 people, and on Sundays and holidays - up to two and a half thousand - numbers unheard of at that time. Among the visitors were mostly teachers and students of gymnasiums and universities, Higher Women's Courses, and artists.

Pushkin Museum im. Pushkin. Photo: RIA Novosti / Yuri Abramochkin

Revolution, war and high art

In 1924, the museum was removed from subordination to the university and became known as the State Museum of Fine Arts. His collections were replenished with paintings from nationalized private collections, estates, museums of Leningrad, the Kremlin, the disbanded Rumyantsev Museum, the I. S. Ostroukhov Museum of Iconography and Painting, as well as from the Historical Museum, Tretyakov Gallery. In 1937, the museum was named after A. S. Pushkin.

A huge amount of work was carried out by museum employees in 1941-1944, when most of the funds were taken to Novosibirsk and Solikamsk. The museum building was damaged during the bombing: part of the glass roof was broken, and within three years the museum stood under open air. The upper part of the western facade of the museum still contains potholes from German bomb fragments.

Exhibition of gifts from Stalin

Became business card"Pushkin" paintings Renoir, Van Gogh, Monet, Degas, Cezanne, Matisse And Picasso appeared in his collection only in 1948 due to the closure of the State Museum of the New Western art. At the same time, the museum’s collection was replenished with 300 picturesque and 80 sculptural works Western European and American masters of the 2nd half of the 19th - 1st third of the 20th centuries.

From 1949 to 1953, the museum’s halls did not host exhibitions of works of art, but housed a museum of gifts to Stalin.

In the second half of the 20th century, the museum paid special attention to scientific work. In 1951-1973, museum workers participated in regular expeditions to the Northern Black Sea region and the territory of ancient Erebuni together with the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR and the State Hermitage. Some of the extracted monuments of Urat art and culture joined museum collections.

New time

In 1985, the museum created a department of private collections: for the first time, the subject of study was not just individual works, and collections. The department's exposition opened to visitors in a restored building on Volkhonka in 1994. Since 1980, the museum has hosted the December Evenings music festival, created on the initiative of Svyatoslav Richter and museum director Irina Antonova. Currently, “Pushkinsky” has 670 thousand exhibits, including sculptures, graphics, archaeological monuments, and art photographs.

In 2009, the competition for the reconstruction of the museum was won by the famous British architect Norman Foster, who proposed to combine individual buildings on Volkhonka and in adjacent alleys into one large complex with a common above-ground and underground space. The implementation of Foster's project did not begin, including due to protests from city defenders who were against the demolition of historical buildings next to the museum. In August 2013, the architect's company Foster + Partners withdrew from the project for the reconstruction of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts.

Pushkin Museum im. Pushkin, 2014. Photo: RIA Novosti / Vladimir Astapkovich

The future of Pushkinsky

On April 10, 2014, a competition was announced in Moscow for the development of the museum, which would include, in addition to exhibition space, also cinema halls, cafes, lecture halls and much more. After reconstruction, the total area of ​​the museum will increase from 49 thousand square meters. m up to 105,000 thousand sq. m.

According to the president of the museum, Irina Antonova, the reconstruction will make it possible to organize many new exhibitions from the works that were in this moment are in storage, and the idea of ​​the new museum most fully corresponds to the idea of ​​Ivan Tsvetaev.

State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin - museum complex, which has one of the largest art collections of foreign art in Russia, storing artifacts created by masters different eras- from Ancient Egypt and ancient Greece to the present day.

The date of foundation of the Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin is considered August 17 (29), 1898. It was on this day in Moscow, in the former Kolymazhny yard, near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior on Volkhonka, that the foundation stone of a new Moscow museum, created with public funds, took place - the Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III. This event was preceded by years of hard work by its creator, Moscow University professor Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913), as well as a group of Moscow and St. Petersburg scientists. New Museum was conceived primarily as a university The educational center, it was based on plaster reproductions (casts) of sculptural originals. Gypsum castings were produced by the largest companies of that time, many were made specifically for I.V. Tsvetaeva. 14 years later, in May 1912, the museum was opened to the sounds of a solemn cantata, specially written for this event. The collection of casts has been supplemented by magnificent collections of original works of art. This is also a collection of ancient Egyptian monuments (about 6,000 items), which was collected during his travels in Egypt by the St. Petersburg orientalist V.S. Golenishchev, and works Italian artists XII-XIV centuries from the collection of M.S. Shchekina. The museum finally became a collection of originals in the second half of the 1920-1930s, when, as a result of the redistribution of the country's museum funds, an art gallery arose. She combined the works foreign artists from the former Rumyantsev Museum, collections of S.M. Tretyakov, Yusupov, Shuvalov, G.A. Brocard, D.I. Shchukin and other collectors. These were paintings by Dutch and German masters, Flemish and Spanish painters XVII century, Italian artists of the XIII-XVII centuries, French authors XIX century. However, receipts from State Hermitage. From there, works by major European painters “came” to Moscow - Botticelli, Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens, Poussin, Murillo, Canaletto.

In 1932, the Museum of Fine Arts was renamed the Museum of Fine Arts, and was given the same name in 1937. A.S. Pushkin. The appearance of the museum's art gallery was finally determined in 1948, when it was replenished with works by artists, mainly French, of the late 19th and early 20th centuries (286 items) from the collection of the former Museum of New Western Art in Moscow. These were paintings by E. Manet, C. Monet, Renoir, Degas, Pissarro, Sisley, Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Matisse, Marquet, Rouault, Picasso and others, purchased at one time by Russian collectors S.I. Shchukin and I.A. Morozov. Within the framework of the art gallery, a significant collection of genuine Western European sculpture and applied art has also been formed.

Introduction

Museum work is a specific field social activities, related to science, education, upbringing and culture in general. Museum as a social and cultural life became necessary integral part culture human society along with a school, a higher education institution, a cinema, a library. Initially, the museum was limited to storing, researching and presenting things of natural and artificial origin that were interesting from the point of view of culture and science. Gradually he acquired wider social functions. In Russia great amount museums. The most famous of them are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg. These include the State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin.

State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin is one of the largest art collections of foreign art in Russia from ancient times to the present day. IN modern exposition presents an extensive educational collection of tinted plaster casts from works of antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, as well as a collection of original works of painting, sculpture, graphics and decorative arts.

The history of the creation of the Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin

The founding date of the Museum is August 17 (29), 1898. On this day, the foundation stone for the building of a new Moscow museum, created with public funds, took place - the Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III at the Imperial Moscow University.

This event was preceded by years of hard work by its creator Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913), as well as a group of Moscow and St. Petersburg scientists. The idea of ​​establishing ancient capital Museum of Classical Art originated in the 18th century. At the beginning of the next century, Moscow University professor S.P. Shevyrev and M.P. Pogodin came up with a project to create an Aesthetic Museum at the university, “so that fine arts would be included in the circle public education and would form an aesthetic feeling among the people.” The project, however, was not implemented.

Meanwhile, in the second half of the 18th century, collections of coins and medals began to develop at the university. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Cabinet of Antiquities appeared, then, in 1816, the Münz Cabinet, individual monuments and archaeological finds. IN mid-19th century, the first plaster casts were ordered from antique sculptures. In 1863, the university department of theory and arts was founded. And twenty years before that, in 1843, the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture arose in Moscow. A public art museum became increasingly necessary. The opening in 1862 in the building of the former Pashkov House, built by Bazhenov, of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums, where works of foreign and Russian artists were presented, did not solve the problem: its collections were incomplete and fragmentary.

It was only at the end of the 19th century that the idea of ​​an art museum with a systematic collection began to be realized. I.V. Tsvetaev, a classical philologist and art historian, professor at Moscow University and director of the Rumyantsev Museum, made considerable efforts to awaken public interest in the creation of an educational art museum. A public fundraiser was organized. The decisive role in financing the planned enterprise was played by the owner of the crystal factories, chamberlain of the court and philanthropist Yu.S. Nechaev-Maltsov (1834-1913), who donated about 2 million rubles to the museum fund.

The construction of the building for the museum was headed by the famous Moscow architect Roman Ivanovich Klein (1858-1924). He specifically studied museum architecture and classical architectural monuments Ancient Greece, Italy, France and Germany, in order to create not only an impressive structure, but also to determine the architectural appearance of individual rooms, giving them a look characteristic of the architecture of a particular era.

The museum was conceived primarily as a university teaching center accessible to the general public. It was assumed that it would be based on plaster reproductions (casts) of sculptural originals of classical art - Ancient world, as well as the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Select exhibits for the future museum of I.V. Tsvetaev was helped by Russian and foreign scientists. Gypsum castings were produced by major companies, many were made specifically for I.V. Tsvetaeva. Fourteen years later, in May 1912, the museum was opened to the sounds of a solemn cantata, specially written for this event by composer M.M. Ippolitov-Ivanov.

But no matter how great educational value extensive and systematic collection of casts, the true greatness of art is realized only by contemplating the original. Therefore, from the very beginning, the creators of the museum dreamed of supplementing their collection with original works. They made considerable efforts to transfer to the museum the collection of ancient Egyptian monuments purchased by the state in 1909 (about 6,000 items), which was collected during his travels in Egypt by the St. Petersburg orientalist V.S. Golenishchev. The collection opened the exhibition of the new museum, laying the foundation for the future collection of originals, which was initially dominated by gifts from private collectors and individual acquisitions; Among them, the most valuable were works by Italian artists of the 12th-14th centuries from the collection of the Russian consul in Trieste M.S. Shchekina.

However, a significant collection of originals was formed in the museum much later - during the 1920s and 1930s, when, after the redistribution of the country's museum funds, an art gallery arose here. She united the works of foreign artists, stored in the former Rumyaetsevsky Museum, in the collections of S.M. Tretyakov, Yusupov, Shuvalov, G.A. Brocard, D.I. Shchukin and other collectors. These were paintings by Dutch and German, Flemish and Spanish painters of the 17th century, Italian masters XIII-XVII centuries, French artists of the XIX century. Receipts from the State Hermitage were of decisive importance for the formation of the Moscow gallery. From there, the museum received works by major European painters - Botticelli, Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Rubens, Poussin, Murillo, Canaletto. In 1923, the Museum of Fine Arts received independent status, separating from Moscow University, in 1932 it was renamed the Museum of Fine Arts, and in 1937 it was named after A.S. Pushkin.

The appearance of the art gallery was finally determined in 1948, when it was replenished with 286 works by artists, mainly French, of the late 19th - early 20th centuries from the collection of the former Museum of New Western Art in Moscow. These were paintings by E. Manet, C. Monet, O. Renoir, E. Degas, C. Pissarro, A. Sisley, P. Cezanne, V. Van Gogh, P. Gauguin, A. Matisse, A. Marquet, J. Rouault, P. Picasso and others, which at one time belonged to Russian collectors S.I. Shchukin and I.A. Morozov. Within the framework of the art gallery, a significant collection of authentic Western European sculpture and applied art arose.

Simultaneously with the formation of the art gallery, new departments of the museum were created and old ones were expanded. In 1924, the Rumyantsev Museum received an extensive collection of graphic works, including works outstanding masters. It included drawings and engravings collected by the famous Russian collectors K.IP. Ryumin, D.A. Rovinsky, N.S. Mosolov. This collection became the basis of the Department of Engravings and Drawings, which is regularly replenished with works modern graphics. Now the museum’s collection contains more than 370 thousand drawings, engravings and etchings by European and Far Eastern masters, artists of Russia and the former republics Soviet Union, from the 15th century to the present. Individual sheets and series of engravings by the world's largest graphic artists - A. Dürer, J. Callot, Rembrandt, F. e. Goya, Utamaro and Hokusai are stored here. The Russian school is represented by folk pictures, engravings and drawings by artists of the 18th - early 20th centuries. Among the works of masters of the 20th century, it is enough to name the names of F. Brengwin, K. Köllwitz, M. Chagall, P. Picasso, A.P. Ostroumova-Lebedeva, V.D. Falileeva, V.A. Favorsky, D.I. Mitrokhina, N.N. Kupreyanova.

The basis of the museum's numismatic collection was the Münz-cabinet of Moscow University. It has significantly expanded its collections and currently stores over 250 thousand coins, medals, plaques, orders and banknotes of ancient and modern states.

The museum's collection of decorative and applied arts is less extensive, but there are also unique examples of medieval jewelry and bone-carving craftsmanship, European carpet weaving, ceramics, and furniture. Since the second half of the 1940s, art sections have expanded their collections Ancient East and the ancient world. An important source of their replenishment was archaeological excavations in Crimea and Armenia, which were conducted by domestic scientists since 1927.

The museum continues to replenish its collections by acquiring works of art both domestically and abroad. In the second half of the 20th century, the works of European masters were supplemented by the creations of sculptors, painters and graphic artists from the American continent. At various times, the greatest masters of the last century donated their works to the museum - A. Matisse, R. Guttuso, R. Kent, D. Rivera, artists from Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Germany, as well as foreign and domestic collectors, friends and museum fans.

In 1985, a new section was founded in the museum - the Department of Personal Collections. The initiator of its creation was the prominent art critic, writer and passionate collector I.S. Zilberstein (1905-1988), who donated his collection to the museum, which included more than 2 thousand paintings and graphic works by Russian and foreign artists. This collection was joined by 22 more collections and several individual gifts, including the collections of S.V. Solovyova, A.N. Ramma, E.Ya. Stepanova, M.I. Chuvanova, S.V. Papkova, T.A. Mavrina, A.M. Rodchenko, D.P. Shterenberg, A.G. Tyshler and a number of others; Foreign collectors also contributed - the Lobanov-Rostovskys, T.Ya Shapshal. Diverse in their composition, these collections have been displayed holistically since 2005 in a separate building.

In 1997, another department of the museum was opened - the I.V. Tsvetaev Educational Art Museum at the Russian State University for the Humanities, which displays a significant collection of casts (about 1000 exhibits) that were not included in the main exhibition. Thus, the original idea of ​​I.V. was revived. Tsvetaeva on the creation of an educational university art museum.

The exhibition in the main building currently displays works of art ranging from ancient times to works by artists of the early 19th century. Works artists XIX-XX centuries, since 2006 they have been shown in a separate building of the Gallery of Art of Europe and America. Here you can see paintings by C. Corot, G. Courbet, masters of the Barbizon school, famous paintings French artists-impressionists, V. Van Gogh, P. Cezanne, P. Gauguin, A. Matisse, P. Picasso, R. Guttuso and R. Kent.

During its existence, the museum has increased its holdings, compared to the original ones, by more than seventy times and has become the largest art collection in Russia.

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In the halls of the museum

In the halls of the museum

Pushkin Museum im. A.S. Pushkin

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In the hall "Art of Ancient Italy and Rome"

Alexander III Museum
(now the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin)
(abbreviated as the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, the former “Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III at the Moscow Imperial University”) is one of the largest and most significant Russian museums European and world art. An architectural monument, located in the center of Moscow, at the address: Volkhonka Street, 12. Opened on May 31 (June 13), 1912.

Projects for the creation of the Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow were repeatedly presented in print: by Princess Z. A. Volkonskaya and academician Stepan Shevyrev (1831), Professor K. K. Hertz (1858), director of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums N. V. Isakov (1864) .

The initiator of the creation of the museum in 1893 was the distinguished professor of Moscow State University, doctor of Roman literature and art historian Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev. He also became the first director of the Museum (1911-1913). The museum was created on the basis of the Cabinet of Fine Arts and Antiquities of Moscow University as an educational, auxiliary and public repository of casts and copies of classical works world art.

The groundbreaking ceremony for the Museum took place on August 17, 1898. Most of the money for the construction of the museum was donated by the Russian philanthropist Yu. S. Nechaev-Maltsov. The first public design competition was won by the self-taught architect P. S. Boytsov. Without permission to carry out construction work, he could not be allowed to build at this level. As a result, the management of the construction was entrusted to the architect R.I. Klein. The Moscow State University board organized a long business trip for Klein European museums, Egypt and Greece. Klein was assisted in the construction by engineers I. I. Rerberg, the first deputy project manager, and V. G. Shukhov, the author of the museum’s unique translucent ceilings. Dozens of young architects (G.B. Barkhin, A.D. Chichagov, M.M. Peretyatkovich, etc.), engineers, and artists went through Klein’s school during the construction of the museum. In addition to Klein himself, I. I. Nivinsky and A. Ya. Golovin worked on the interiors. The museum building uses the general urban plan and internal layout of Boytsov, but the detailed architectural design of the facades and interiors is clearly the original work of Klein and his team.

Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III. Groundbreaking of the building
The groundbreaking ceremony for the museum building took place on August 17, 1898.
It was attended by Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family, representatives of the Moscow City Duma and honored guests.
The territory of the former Kolymazhny yard near the Kremlin was provided free of charge for the construction of the building.
The name was officially approved - “Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III.”

The building was completed roughly in 1904. Exhibits (plaster casts and other copies) were ordered from the 1890s from foreign workshops using molds taken directly from the originals; in some cases, copies were made for the first time. Grand opening Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III took place on May 31 (June 13), 1912.

Pushkin Museum before opening on May 31, 1912

Grand opening of the Pushkin Museum May 31, 1921
Nicholas II with his family. To the right and below is the founder of the museum, Ivan Tsvetaev.
Behind Nikolai’s shoulder is Yuri Nechaev-Maltsev, who, in fact, paid for the construction

. "Moscow. Quick guide" 1958

State Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin. Life magazine archive. 1955

Panorama from the roof of the Museum. The picture was taken between 1910-1912

State Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin
In 1932, the museum was renamed the State Museum of Fine Arts. In 1937, the museum was named after A. S. Pushkin. During the Great Patriotic War a significant part of the museum collections was evacuated to Novosibirsk and Solikamsk. Since 1944, the restoration of the Pushkin Museum building, damaged during the war from bombing, and preparations for the deployment of the exhibition began. The bombing destroyed all the glass roofs of V. G. Shukhov, and for three years the museum stood in the open air. During this period, from February 1944 to 1949, the director of the museum was S. D. Merkurov. The post-war opening of the exhibition took place on October 3, 1946.

During the period 1949-1953 exhibition activities The Pushkin Museum was closed; The premises of the museum were given over to the “Exhibition of gifts to J.V. Stalin from the peoples of the USSR and foreign countries" After Stalin's death, the core activities of the Pushkin Museum were restored and expanded.

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An exhibition has opened (event of the year) of Turner (1775-1851) - English artist - master of the sea, the expanses of the sky, a virtuoso of light and foggy haze)

An unovergrown path...
- In 1984, we stood here in December in the bitter cold, the Dutch were brought... Art is calling!
- Len... yes good exhibition... if you love the sea... and Aivazovsky... and fogs... and sunrises... I would recommend it. You know what amazes me... he always has the sun... or glare... even in a global flood... Do you remember how Aivazovsky did... the 9th wave... and still there is light ahead... he almost died .. and I painted this picture from memory... I’m talking about Aivazovsky... and he studied with Turner..
- Yes, there is a queue to the temple of art.
- yes, it’s tolerable... about 30 minutes... but on weekdays... and foreigners are always given rides..
- It won’t grow over!!!
- yessssssssssssss.....there's also Rembrandt...and..and...
- Eh, I’m not there....:)))
- yeah... You know, Antonova is great... she organizes all these exhibitions... her inexhaustible energy... and how many languages ​​she knows... she conducts negotiations in both Italian and French.. She is very energetic... even though she is a year... .

Pushkin Museum im. A.S. Pushkin. Interior. 2nd floor
In 1985, on the initiative of Doctor of Art History I. S. Zilberstein and Director of the Pushkin Museum I. A. Antonova scientific department The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts founded the Museum of Personal Collections.

Since 1980, on the initiative of Svyatoslav Richter and I. A. Antonova, the annual festival of music and painting “December Evenings” has been held in the museum’s halls.

Pushkin Museum im. A.S. Pushkin. Interior. 2nd floor

CULTURA DA RÚSSIA. Os museus russos

The groundbreaking ceremony for the Museum took place on August 17, 1898. This significant event preceded long years enormous and creative work. The building was built according to last word museum practice and construction technology. It was designed according to the type ancient temple on a high podium with an Ionic colonnade along the façade. In interior decoration elements of different historical eras according to the exhibits presented.

Currently, the collection of the Pushkin Museum named after. A.S. Pushkin has over 560 thousand works of painting and sculpture, graphic works, works of applied art, archaeological and numismatic monuments, and artistic photography. In 1991, the museum was included in the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects cultural heritage peoples Russian Federation. In the halls of the first floor, mainly originals are presented: works of art of Ancient Egypt, antiquity, a collection of European painting of the 8th-18th centuries; two halls - the Italian and Greek courtyards - are occupied by casts. On the second floor there are rooms displaying casts of art from Ancient Greece, Rome, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The painting halls introduce art XIX-XX centuries.

They gave these women two days off and they went crazy. They kill time at random. Instead of resting... Last Sunday she took me to an exhibition. Some kind of vernissage... I thought it was a museum like a museum. And this is not a museum, but worse than a diner: There is no hot food, just cheese and coffee. In the Tretyakov Gallery there was at least hodgepodge, but at the vernissage there was only one mineral one. No, I don’t think you can rest here...
And Sunday passes.
While the tour was staring at the statue, I jumped out and grabbed it on the corner. As soon as he lay down, laid down the newspaper, the watchwoman latched on:
- In the Greek hall, in the Greek hall, shame on you.
The pince-nez was already hot. I object to her so quietly:
- Why are you yelling, you white mouse?.. You play the fool here every day, and I have to work tomorrow. It would be better to take out the glass... Do you see the man gurgling from the neck?
...What a herring?..Who a herring?..What herring?..Well, the herring unfolded on his shoulder...And what will happen to him? It has stood for two hundred years, it will still stand, but my day off is coming to an end, do you understand, you old goat?
...Who is Apollo?.. Am I Apollo? He is Apollo. Well, go ahead, Apollo... I hung the string bag on his hand, but where should I hang it, on his neck?
Here are the people... No culture. I barely fought her off. It’s good that the guys supported me... And it’s already three o’clock. And I’m still with groceries and not in one eye. And it's already three on the clock...

In the museum. Pushkin (c) Dmitry Zverev
I managed to take a few pictures before they forced me to put the device away :(

Art of the Aegean World and Ancient Greece. Casts

In the museum. Pushkin (c) Dmitry Zverev
in the Greek hall, in the Greek hall...

in the Greek Hall, in the Greek Hall...

In the museum. Pushkin (c) Dmitry Zverev
in the Greek hall, in the Greek hall...

“In the Greek Hall, in the Greek Hall...” on Yandex.Photos

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Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

Art of Ancient Rome. Casts

Greek art of the late classics and Hellenism. Casts

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We measure the proportions..
Polykleitos.. Spearman.. (the crown of the search in the sphere of balance of figures. The head is a seventh of the height of the body)

Great!!! Teenagers' reaction - cool... :))
- Yes.... A good excursion for teenagers!!!
- yes.. the guide is so funny... the boys cringed.. and she kept making me measure the proportions.. even that was awkward for me...
- Frank emotions! :))

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at the Pushkin Museum named after A.S. Pushkin in the Michelangelo Hall.
Favorite performer - organist Alexey Parshin

“In the A.S. Pushkin Museum” on Yandex.Photos
Rehearsal before the concert

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Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564). Medici Chapel. Tomb Giuliano Medici. Cast

Michelangelo Buonarroti. Lamentation of Christ. 1447-1500

Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio. "Saint Sebastian". late XV century ~ Antonello de Saliba. "Portrait of a man". ca. 1495
Pushkin museum, Moscow

Bartolome Murillo. "Fruit Seller" 1655-1660 ~ El Greco. "Portrait des Don Rodrigo Vasquez". um 1600-1610
Puschkin-Museum der bildenden Künste

Giovanni Paolo Pannini. "Interior of the San Giovanni in Laterano in Rome". 18th century
Pushkin Museum

François Boucher. "Heracles and Omphale". 1735 ~ François Boucher. "Jupiter und Kallisto". 1744
Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, Russia