Lit Museum. State Museum of the History of Russian Literature named after

In 1934 there was a merger Central Museum fiction, criticism and journalism and the Literary Museum at the Lenin Library in the State literary museum. Now it contains personal archives donated to the state by many figures of Russian culture from the 18th to the 20th centuries. Rare ancient engravings with views of the capitals of the Russian Federation and Russian Empire, miniatures and pictorial portraits statesmen who left their mark on history.

Huge part state exposition– first printed and handwritten church books, the first secular publications of Peter the Great's time, rare copies with autographs, manuscripts written by people who have forever entered the history of Russia: Derzhavin G., Fonvizin D., Karamzin N., Radishchev A., Griboedov A., Lermontov Y. and others no less worthy representatives of literature. In total, the exhibition contains more than a million valuable specimens of this kind.

Today the state collection of the literary museum includes eleven branches located in different places and famous even in distant countries. These are house-museums and apartment-museums of people who left a bright mark on the history of Russia of all times:

• Fyodor Dostoevsky (Moscow, Dostoevsky St., 2);
• Ilya Ostroukhov (Moscow, Trubnikovsky Lane, 17);
• Anton Chekhov (Moscow, Sadovaya Kudrinskaya St., 6);
• Anatoly Lunacharsky (Moscow, Denezhny lane 9/5, apt. 1, closed for reconstruction);
• Alexandra Herzen (Moscow, Sivtsev Vrazhek lane, 27);
• Mikhail Lermontov (Moscow, Malaya Molchanovka St., 2);
• Alexey Tolstoy (Moscow, Spiridonovka str., 2/6);
• Mikhail Prishvin (Moscow region, Odintsovo district, Dunino village, 2);
• Boris Pasternak (Moscow, Vnukovskoye settlement, Peredelkino village, Pavlenko street, 3);
• Korney Chukovsky (Moscow, Vnukovskoye village, DSK Michurinets village, Serafimovicha str., 3);
• Museum Silver Age(Moscow, Prospekt Mira, 30).

To this museum complex This includes the Silver Age Museum, opened in 1999. Each literary exhibition is so complete and deep in its content that in itself it can serve as the basis for opening another full-fledged and sought-after museum. More recently, at the end of 2014, an ancient two-story mansion of the 19th century, which belonged to the famous Russian philanthropist Savva Morozov, was restored and transferred to this institution. In the same year, the reconstruction of the memorial building-mansion in Kislovodsk, where Solzhenitsyn visited, was completed - this is also one of the branches, which is intended to be used not only as a museum site, but also as Cultural Center, where meetings with writers will constantly take place.

The museum's funds contain archival manuscripts of writers and cultural figures of the 18th–21st centuries, unique ancient engravings of the 17th–18th centuries with views of Moscow and St. Petersburg, miniatures and portraits of political and cultural figures, the first printed books and ancient manuscripts, rare editions works of literary classics, manuscripts of Nikolai Gogol, Denis Fonvizin, Nikolai Karamzin, Mikhail Lermontov and other outstanding writers.

The best works of painting, original and printed graphics, photographs and negatives, sculpture and books, sound recordings and posters, collections of popular prints and posters, folklore and TASS windows - the entire history of the country is reflected in these walls.

State Literary Museum has an invaluable fund, its employees have vast experience in organizing exhibition openings. Each of them causes a huge cultural and educational resonance. Every month, 20-40 events of various nature are held in the museum premises - an exhibition and conference, an Olympiad and a concert, literary evening and plein air. The list goes on and on.

The museum has its own Publishing House which offers the public scientific publications, artistic and methodological literature and an annual almanac. IN Lately Private commercial structures provide active sponsorship to the museum.

Art

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Even though it was not the capital of our state either in the “Golden” or in the “Silver” age of Russian literature, Moscow has always remained the home of many greats. Writers and poets worked in rented rooms in narrow alleys, got married in ancient churches, and dedicated their lines to the streets of the Mother See. Descendants make sure that authors who have already stood the test of time are known not only by humanities scholars, but also by the youngest residents of the current capital, its guests, who may be far from the world of literature. It is very important to be familiar with the works of Pushkin, Bulgakov, Tsvetaeva, but it is no less valuable to learn a little more about their lives. Perhaps the decoration and location of the apartment, favorite walking routes, places of meetings and circles will help to better understand certain of their ideas and thoughts. There are almost three dozen writers' museums in Moscow. Among them there are real houses of masters of the Russian word, there are memorial exhibitions, there are simply dedications based on creativity. We have chosen for this review the most significant and interesting ones, although there are others, we are sure that everyone will find something to learn for themselves.

The memorial office of Valery Bryusov was created by the widow after the death of the poet, critic and writer in the house where he lived for fifteen years. He stayed here in old mansion at number 30 on Prospekt Mira, right up to last days. A few decades later, the building was restored, and in 1999, the Bryusov House Museum in Moscow, a museum of the “Silver Age,” opened there as a branch of the State Literary Museum.

It is not for nothing that the exhibition now bears such a general name, because it is unique: these are colossal funds of manuscripts, collections and visual documents. Their basis, of course, was huge library Bryusova. It contains priceless rare books literary contemporaries of the poet (with their personal autographs!), almanacs, files of magazines and newspapers from the beginning of that very “Silver Age”. The diaries and drafts of Valery Bryusov himself are also presented as exhibits. The widest exhibition is decorated with examples of paintings and graphics by Korovin, Polenov, Sudeikin, Burliuk. Here you can see theatrical sketches of Malevich, Mayakovsky, plaster busts of Tsvetaeva, Yesenin, Pasternak, photographs and cartoons of those years. At the Bryusov House-Museum in Moscow, one exhibition is entirely dedicated to the work of A.S. Pushkina: Valery Yakovlechich, like many prominent writers of the Silver Age, more than once turned to Pushkin’s theme. The historical interior of the owner's office was restored based on the memories of relatives and friends.

Life in this museum is in full swing, almost as it was then, during the development of many literary circles and associations: in addition to thematic excursions, unusual lectures, vibrant musical and poetry evenings.

On the day of the centenary of the birth of the great poetess in 1992, the House-Museum of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was opened in Borisoglebsky Lane in Moscow. In a two-story building mid-19th century, the brightest representative of the “Silver Age” lived with her family from 1914 to 1922.

Unfortunately, and despite the colossal work of the museum staff and enthusiastic researchers of the poetess’s work, there are not many personal belongings of Tsvetaeva in the collection. Just to be able to survive in the terrible, poor and cold time in post-revolutionary Russia Marina Ivanovna sold most of the valuables and rarities. It is known that an expensive piano was exchanged for a pound of black flour, and the stove was simply heated with antique furniture, cut into chips. Thank God, Tsvetaeva’s descendants, collectors and caring people from all over the world try to replenish the exhibition from time to time. Among such gifts to the foundation are books of the 19th-20th centuries, family photographs, even personal letters, postcards with autographs and, what is especially valuable, manuscripts, lifetime collections of the poetess, postcards with her autographs. In the house-museum you can see a dressing table, an antique wall mirror, drawings and toys of children, numerous portraits of Tsvetaeva painted famous artists of that time - real everyday objects that surrounded the artist of the word. One of the exhibitions is dedicated to life path her husband - Sergei Efron and his family.

The strong spirit, excuse the pun, of a courageous woman and her finest poetry lives in this house, as does the atmosphere of that amazing literary and cultural era, which she was a part of. Moreover, the museum acts as a cultural and creative center.

The opening of the Sergei Yesenin Museum was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the poet’s birth. In 1995, enthusiastic researchers donated the first collected collection city. The Yesenin Museum in Moscow acquired official status already in 1996. The poet’s father, who then worked in butcher shop merchant Krylov. Young Sergei Alexander Yesenin met in 1911, straight from Ryazan here. Here the future great Russian poet was to live for seven years. And this house is the only official place of residence and registration in the capital.

The central “exhibit” of Yesenin’s house in Moscow was an unusually decorated memorial room. It was placed behind a glass wall as a kind of voluminous and informative museum value. For visitors we visualized life and creative path poet. A special exhibition “Yesenin as part of world culture” was also created here. It is interesting that during the excursions, videos are shown, they use the rarest chronicles of the beginning of the last century.

Imagine the beginning of the 19th century and a noisy bachelor party of young Russian nobles, with sparkling punch, creaking boots and clinking glasses, with epigrams and cartoons that made you blush, with fervent laughter. Let's move our “bachelor party” to house No. 53 on Arbat. Why here? And if you place a stocky man at the center of the entertainment young man with curly hair reading his poetry? Yes, here in an old two-story mansion in 1831 there was a rented apartment for Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, and here he was incredibly happy. The very next day after the party we described, the house found its hospitable owner: in the Church of the Great Ascension, Pushkin married Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. Their wedding dinner and first family ball took place here on Arbat. The poet’s particular calm and happiness during this Moscow period was witnessed by his contemporaries who visited him. Their portraits now decorate the memorial museum-apartment of A.S. Pushkin

But this memorable place was not immediately open to the public. For a very long time, people settled at this address, as well as at most other Moscow addresses. communal apartments. Only a sign on the facade, installed in 1937, reminded residents that Pushkin lived here. Only in 1986 was the house on Arbat restored to officially open the museum-apartment - the memorial department of the State Museum of A.S. Pushkin.

Over the years and events, almost no exact data has been preserved about what the decoration was like in Pushkin’s apartment in Moscow. Creative researchers decided not to recreate the interior “artificially”, but to limit themselves to some common elements decor typical of the era - chandeliers and lamps in the Empire style, cornices and curtains. The poet's surviving personal belongings are here: Pushkin's desk, Goncharova's table, lifetime portraits of the spouses. On the ground floor of the museum there is an exhibition “Pushkin and Moscow” about the difficult, but at the same time very warm relationship between the “Sun of Russian Poetry” and the capital.

It doesn’t often happen that you can actually visit a cult place from your favorite book. You just need to come, for example, to house number 10 on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street. Here, in apartment 50, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov lived for several years. Here he wrote his first stories, the image of this setting froze in his memory for long years. In the “bad apartment” No. 50, shrouded, according to the writer’s recollections, in a mystical atmosphere, heroes live, meet and disappear famous novel"Master and Margarita".

Bulgakov's apartment museum was officially opened recently - in 2007. Before this, from the beginning of the 90s in memorial place The Foundation was located. Bulgakov. The museum's collection consists of Mikhail Afanasyevich's personal furniture, household items, books, manuscripts, photographs, paintings and records, preserved and donated by the writer's relatives and friends. The exhibition is presented very interestingly. Eight halls introduce us to the era of the 20s–40s, the personality of the author and his literary heroes. Not only is Bulgakov’s room recreated here, but there is also a “Communal Kitchen”, the “Editorial office of the newspaper “Gudok”, where the writer worked, is presented, “The Blue Office” conveys the atmosphere of the writer’s last home in Nashchokinsky Lane.

In the “Bad Apartment” you can listen to a guide who will tell you in detail about the house, its inhabitants and, of course, the great writer of the 20th century. The museum premises are also used as the stage of the Komediant Theater; concerts and poetry evenings, forums on creative heritage Bulgakov and photo exhibitions. The museum-apartment is located on the 4th floor. Do not confuse the memorial with a private cultural center " Bulgakov House" on the first.

Much earlier than others in Moscow - in 1954 - the house-museum of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was opened. Now it is a branch of the State Literary Museum. On Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street, in a two-story stone outbuilding built in 1874, Chekhov lived for almost four years. That period became a time of incredible inspiration and creative growth. In the house on Sadovaya he wrote almost a hundred stories and plays.

Based on the memoirs and sketches of contemporaries, the museum has almost thoroughly restored the environment in which the writer worked. Today you can see how he lived: his office, bedroom, sister and brother’s rooms. Here are the playwright's books translated into different languages world, the walls are decorated with photographs and graphics with views of Chekhov’s beloved Moscow at the end of the century before last. Many of Anton Pavlovich’s personal belongings have a whole history. For example, on the desk of a doctor-writer there is a bronze inkwell with the figure of a horse. It was given to him by a poor patient, with whom Chekhov not only did not demand money for consultations, but also gave money for further treatment. A photograph of his favorite composer Tchaikovsky, with a personal autograph, was very dear to his heart.

Chekhov's family donated manuscripts and documents to the state, which formed the basis of the exhibition housed in three halls of the museum. One of the rooms is entirely dedicated to the writer’s trip to Sakhalin. A main hall The Chekhov House Museum in Moscow is not only an exhibition, but also a concert. The Chekhov Theater troupe plays here. You can see the rarest posters for performances of that time, postcards with outstanding actors playing in plays Chekhov's works, programmes, photographs of Chekhov in the acting environment, reviews of contemporaries on his dramaturgy.

An architectural monument of Russian classicism, created by I.D. Gilardi, based on the drawings of D. Quarenghi, - the building of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor - a place of pilgrimage not only for connoisseurs of the art of construction. The wing of the hospital was used, among other things, for the resettlement of its workers. The two-room apartment on the ground floor was occupied by the family of the doctor Dostoevsky. His son Fedor, born in the wing opposite, lived with his father and mother from 1823 to 1837. At the age of less than 16, he left Moscow for the then capital - St. Petersburg.

What’s surprising is that the apartment where I absorbed images and impressions from childhood great artist words, has never been rebuilt. The museum on Bozhedomka was opened back in 1928. Today, the street on which this house No. 2 stands is named after the author of The Brothers Karamazov. The collection is based on the most valuable items and documents carefully preserved by Dostoevsky’s wife, Anna Grigorievna. The interior of the rooms was restored according to the memoirs of the writer’s brother. The exhibition includes family furniture, decorative items, such as bronze candelabra, lifetime portraits of F.M.’s parents and relatives. Dostoevsky and even little Fedya’s very first book - “One Hundred and Four Selected Stories of the Old and New Testaments.”

Already outside the walls memorial apartment, but in the building former hospital, which became the Dostoevsky Museum in Moscow, the Society of Amateurs Russian literature At Moscow State University and professional historians, the exhibition “The World of Dostoevsky” was assembled, introducing visitors to how Fyodor Mikhailovich lived and worked. There is also a lecture hall here.

The memorial setting of Korney Chukovsky's dacha has been almost completely left in the form it had during his lifetime. Two-storey house on Serafimovich Street in Peredelkino keeps the secrets of creating many works for adults and children, because Korney Ivanovich lived here for almost thirty years. Museum collection includes household items of the writer, translator and literary critic, a large library of books and documents, including autographs of Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn, Gagarin and Raikin, a collection of toys - gifts from children admired by his fairy tales. The house-museum was opened in 1996 in the writers' village.

The museum in Peredelkino is artistically filled with interesting exhibits and illustrations of the storyteller’s work: here is a miracle tree with shoes, and here is an old black telephone, which was probably used by an elephant. After looking in the mirror of the magic box, you need to make a wish. Here you can also see the cartoon “Telephone”, voiced by Korney Ivanovich himself.

In Zamoskvorechye, that rare area of ​​our metropolis, where up to today By some miracle, the original appearance and charm of the ancient streets was preserved; in 1984, the A.N. Ostrovsky. It was here that the great Russian playwright was born. This is not even a house, but rather a two-story wooden manor early XIX century, around which a marvelous garden blooms from the first days of spring until almost mid-autumn.

The home environment that existed during the writer’s lifetime has been restored almost completely. There is a pleasant atmosphere of measured life. On the ground floor of the house Ostrovsky's things are collected: pieces of furniture (including his father's rare collection), books, family portraits. In addition, many items museum collection allow the visitor to learn the history of Moscow at that time, the customs and tastes of its inhabitants, and through this, perhaps, better understand the work of Alexander Ostrovsky. On the second floor, unique items related to stage productions of the playwright's works are exhibited. These are manuscripts, old posters, photographs of actors, sketches of scenery. As many as two halls are reserved specifically for the iconic plays “Dowry” and “The Thunderstorm”.

The Museum of the writer Leo Tolstoy in Moscow is located on Prechistenka. With him in Museum Academy for children preschool age“Ant Brothers” conducts developmental classes on an ongoing basis, as well as theatrical clubs for school students different ages. It has its own lecture hall and cinema hall, library, second-hand bookstore, connected, of course, with the life and work of Lev Nikolaevich. Also, in order to unite literary scholars and writers, and professionals from other museums, art connoisseurs, the literary club “Lewin” was created at the museum.

Today, the main thematic excursions of the museum are “Father's House. The Youth of a Genius,” “Legends and Creation of the Tolstoy Family,” “Pages of Life,” “Earth and Heaven,” “War and Peace.”

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State Literary Museum in Moscow (Moscow, Russia) - exhibitions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.

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The State Literary Museum in Moscow is one of largest museums of such a profile in the world: its collection contains more than 500 thousand items. The history of Russian literature from its origins to the present day is the main purpose of the museum. The official slogan reads: “We preserve the past - we create the future,” and everyone who comes to Trubnikovsky Lane, 17 can be convinced of the validity of at least the first part. The complete collection of “TASS Windows” and Prishvin’s car, Pushkin’s manuscripts and rare photographs poets of the Silver Age, magnificent paintings by Lermontov and rings by Mayakovsky and Lily Brik - these are just a tiny part of the museum’s interesting things.

Among other things, the Literary Museum has twelve branches - house-museums of Russian writers.

A little history

The State Literary Museum in Moscow dates back to 1934 - then the first collection of exhibits related to the Lenin Library was organized literary creativity Russians and Soviet writers. The state supported the young museum and within ten years its collections contained more than 1 million items. In 1968, the museum became the country's leading literary museum, and by 1995 it owned twenty buildings in the center of Moscow. Today the main exhibition is housed in a building on Trubnikovsky Lane; In addition, the museum includes the houses of Herzen, Chekhov, Lermontov, Pasternak, Chukovsky, Prishvin and other Russian writers.

The museum's exhibition includes Turgenev's manuscripts and drafts of "The Lady with the Dog", Turgenev's sketches on the letterhead of the "English Hotel" in Athens, and the manuscripts of Yesenin, Kharms and Akhmatova.

What to see

The State Literary Museum owns truly unique funds. The main interest of visitors is usually the collection of manuscripts. The exhibition features original letters from Ostrovsky and Herzen, Turgenev’s manuscripts and drafts of “The Lady with the Dog,” Turgenev’s sketches on the letterhead of the “English Hotel” in Athens, and manuscripts by Yesenin, Kharms and Akhmatova.

The hall of memorial objects of Russian writers invites you to admire the rings of Mayakovsky and Lily Brik (the first - with chaotically arranged letters L, Yu and B), Vertinsky’s desk and A. Ostrovsky’s paper folder embroidered with golden ears, Yesenin’s “parrot” ring and Bunin’s pen, Gogol's skull cap and Fadeev's writing instrument.

A collection of paintings of more than 2000 paintings presents portraits of Russian writers and canvases that came out from under their hands, in a collection of photographs and negatives you will see private life Tolstoy and Yesenin, Mayakovsky and Blok, and among the exhibits of the collection of decorative and applied art - death masks Akhmatova, Shevchenko and Dostoevsky.

Address, opening hours and cost of visiting

Address: Moscow, Trubnikovsky lane, 17.

Opening hours: Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday - from 11:00 to 18:00, on Tuesday and Thursday - from 14:00 to 20:00; Monday and the last day of each month are days off.

Entrance - 250 RUB, pensioners and students - 100 RUB, persons under 16 years old admission is free.

Prices on the page are for October 2018.

State Literary Museum

The State Literary Museum is one of the world's richest repositories of manuscripts, literary materials, drawings and sketches for literary works. The museum is the world's leading scientific center, which conducts research on domestic and foreign literary works, as well as the main methodological center of this profile in Russia.

Over the years of the institution's existence, the museum's funds have accumulated many exhibits - literary archives of writers and figures of Russian culture. different eras, engravings with views of old Moscow, picturesque portraits of government, scientific and cultural figures, handwritten and printed spiritual publications, civil press of the era of Tsar Peter, lifetime publications with autographs of the authors, materials related to the history of Russian classical and modern literature. In total, the museum's archives contain over 700,000 exhibits.

History of the Moscow Literary Museum

The year of foundation of the museum is considered to be 1934. Then it was decided to create a single Literary Museum on the basis of the Central Museum of Literature, Criticism and Journalism and the museum at the library named after. Lenin. But the beginning of the museum’s history took place three years earlier, when the famous revolutionary and cultural figure V.D. Bonch-Bruevich created a commission to prepare for the creation of the Central Literary Museum and began selecting a collection of exhibits for it.

A building was allocated for the new museum, which was located next to the library named after. Lenin. Even then, the Literary Museum was the largest in the world and contained 3 million items. archival documents. Later most of documents stored in the museum were transferred to the Central Archive. Bonch-Bruevich continued to actively supervise the work of the museum and fill its manuscript collections. In 1951, many documents from the KGB archives were transferred to the museum. These were the manuscripts of the book and literary materials, taken from repressed writers. They were not put on display and were considered as additional funds of the museum.

The museum grew and developed; already in 1970 it occupied 17 buildings located throughout Moscow. In 1995, their number increased to 20.

The main exhibition of the museum concerns the history of Russian literature of the 18th-19th centuries. It is located in the former palace of the Naryshkin princes, located on the territory of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. Exposition of the period Soviet literature is located in the building of the Ostroukhov Gallery.

Departments of the Literary Museum

The museum has several departments that present independent exhibitions relating to the life and work of outstanding Russian and Soviet writers, and also reflect the main periods of development of Russian literature. The structural parts of the museum are the house-museums of Lermontov, Herzen, Pasternak, Chekhov, Chukovsky, Prishvin; museum-apartments of Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Lunacharsky. The Silver Age Museum is also of interest.

All departments of the museum are engaged educational activities. Much has been developed here interactive excursions for visitors of different ages. Many educational excursions are especially designed for children. They are invited to try writing with quills, touch papyrus and lamb skin, which were previously used as paper, and hit the buttons of the typewriter on which K.I. wrote his poems and fairy tales. Chukovsky. High school students are invited to literary salons of the 19th century, where they game form plunge into the atmosphere of the salon, solve puzzles, riddles, anagrams, make up charades, try themselves in the art of rhyming and epigrams.

Personal archives of the Literary Museum

Dostoevsky Archive;
- Chekhov's archive;
- Fet archive;
- Garshin archive;
- Leskov’s archive;
- Belinsky archive.

The State Literary Museum is the world's largest collection of materials related to literary activity Russian and foreign writers.