The role of landscape in poor lisa with quotes. The role of landscape in works of Russian literature

Name: David Samoilov (David Kaufman)

Age: 69 years old

Activity: poet, translator

Family status: was married

David Samoilov: biography

The forties of the 20th century were marked in Russia not only by the largest and bloodiest war in the entire history of human existence, but also heroic deeds people. In memory of those times, in addition to monuments and sadness, we are left with poetry and prose Russian writers post-war period who saw from the inside the pain of a destroyed country, which they carried through almost a century in their works.

Childhood and youth

David Samoilov is the pseudonym of a Russian poet, translator Jewish origin David Samuilovich Kaufman. David Samuilovich was born in Moscow on June 1, 1920. Samuel Abramovich Kaufman, David's father, was a famous Moscow venereologist. The poet’s pseudonym, David Samoilov, was formed on behalf of his father. Higher education The young man received his degree at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History.

In 1939, as a 2nd year student, David wanted to volunteer for the front. Finnish war, but could not due to health reasons (some sources indicate the reason - insufficient age young man). And in 1941, David ended up on the labor front of the Great Patriotic War. The future poet dug trenches in the Smolensk region, near the city of Vyazma. There, Samoilov’s health deteriorated, and the young man was sent to the rear, to the Uzbek city of Samarkand. In Uzbekistan, the young man continued his education at the evening department of the Pedagogical Institute.

After the pedagogical institute, David entered the military infantry school, but was never able to finish it. In 1942, the young man went to the front again, Leningrad region, near the city of Tikhvin. After fighting for one year, David was seriously wounded - a mine fragment damaged his arm. This happened in the Karbusel tract, March 23, 1943. David, being a machine gunner, broke into an enemy trench and single-handedly destroyed three enemies in hand-to-hand combat. For his courage in the attack and the accomplished feat, Samoilov received the medal “For Courage”.

David Samoilov in military uniform

A year later, in March 1944, the brave soldier returned to duty again, now on the line of the Belarusian front and with the rank of corporal, where he also served as a clerk. In November 1944, Samoilov received another medal - “For Military Merit”. After the end of the war, in June 1945, Samoilov was awarded a third award - the Order of the Red Star for capturing a German non-commissioned officer who gave valuable information to Soviet intelligence.

The poet went through the entire war, was wounded, received three awards, participated in the battles for Berlin - of course, the war left an imprint on the soul of this great man, which later resulted in poetry.

Literature

The first publication of the poet’s works took place in 1941, under the author’s real name – David Kaufman, the collection was called “The Mammoth Hunt”. While studying at MIFLI, Samoilov met Sergei Sergeevich Narovchatov, Mikhail Valentinovich Kulchitsky, Boris Abramovich Slutsky, Pavel Davydovich Kogan, to whom he dedicated the poem “Five.” These authors later began to be called poets of the war generation.

In the first months at the front, David wrote down his poems in a notebook; after the Victory, many of them were published in literary magazines. During the Great Patriotic War, Samoilov did not publish poems, with the exception of satirical poem dedicated to

In addition, life at the front inspired the young man to write poetic works about soldier’s life in the form collective image named Foma Smyslov. These poems were published in local newspapers, inspiring, instilling faith and hope for victory among other soldiers. The most famous poem David Samuilovich, dedicated to the war, is called “The Forties, the Fatal...”. It presents a generalized theme of war and the problem of the war generation. But at the same time, Samoilov did not touch on political topics in his work.

After the end of the war, the poet earned money by translating and writing scripts for radio programs. Literary recognition came to Samoilov only in 1970, after the release of a collection of poems called “Days.” Having become famous, David Samuilovich did not lead social life V literary circles, but enjoyed communicating with Heinrich Böll and other talented contemporaries.

In 1972, the poem “The Last Vacation” was published, where various historical periods and countries in the protagonist’s journey through Germany. In addition to military and historical themes, Samoilov has landscape lyrics (for example, the poem “Red Autumn”) and works about love (“Beatrice”). Love lyrics The poet's work is surprisingly calm and cold; she lacks the passions characteristic of this genre. Samoilov’s work is often compared to: in the lyrics of David Samuilovich there is Pushkinism in the form of a biographical myth.

In addition to his own poems, the poet translated works foreign authors, wrote scripts for theatrical productions, lyrics for films. Despite the serious themes in the poet’s work, he is often mentioned as the author of poems from childhood. Samoilov wrote books for children in the 80s of the twentieth century. Children's works are filled with historicism, love for the Motherland and the Russian people.

Personal life

Returning as a hero from the war, David married Olga Lazarevna Fogelson in 1946. Olga was an art historian by profession. The biography of the poet Samoilov tells almost nothing about the personal life of David Samuilovich. It is known that the Kaufmans had an only son, Alexander, in their marriage. Alexander Kaufman (pseudonym Alexander Davydov) followed in his father’s footsteps, becoming a translator and prose writer.

However, in the first marriage family life David's situation didn't work out. The poet remarried Galina Ivanovna Medvedeva, from whose marriage Peter, Varvara and Pavel were born.

ABOUT personal qualities Samoilov was recalled by his son in an interview. David Samuilovich was a modest, simple man with an amazing sense of humor. In his youth, David had the nickname Desik among his close friends. Says a lot about Samoilov Personal diary, which the poet led for the last 28 years of his life. After his death, prose and poetry from the diary were partially published.

Death

In 1974, Samoilov and his family left Moscow for the city of Pärnu (Estonia). The family lived poorly until the poet bought the second floor of the house. According to contemporaries, the pure ecology and serenity of Pärnu extended the poet’s life by at least several years.

Although political views Samoilov did not speak out; employees of the USSR State Security Committee constantly kept an eye on Samoilov’s life and work, but this did not frighten the poet.

David Samuilovich Kaufman was ill last years life, but his death was sudden. The poet died on February 23, 1990, in the city of Pärnu, on the stage of a theater, hiding for a moment behind the scenes and saying goodbye that everything was fine.

Bibliography

1958 – “Neighboring Countries”
1961 – “The Baby Elephant Went to Study”
1961 – “House Museum”
1962 – “Traffic Light”
1963 – “Second Pass”
1970 – “Days”
1972 – “Equinox”
1974 – “The Wave and the Stone”
1975 – “Sorting through our dates...”
1978 – “Message”
1981 – “Bay”
1981 – “Hand Lines”
1981 – “Tooming Street”
1983 – “Times”
1985 – “Voices Over the Hills”
1987 – “Let me suffer a poem”
1989 – “A Fistful”
1989 – “Beatrice”
1990 – “Snowfall”

From the book of fates. David Samuilovich Samoilov ( real name- Kaufman), poet, translator, verse theorist. Born on June 1, 1920 in Moscow into a Jewish family. Father - famous doctor, chief venereologist of the Moscow region Samuil Abramovich Kaufman (1892-1957); mother - Cecilia Izrailevna Kaufman (1895-1986). His father influenced him big influence, did a lot of his education. He started writing poetry early, but for a long time he did not consider himself a poet.

In 1938 he graduated with honors from school and without exams entered the IFLI (Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History), intending to specialize in French literature. In those years, all the people of color taught there. philological science. At the same time I met Selvinsky, who assigned him to a poetry seminar at Goslitizdat, went to Literary Institute to seminars by Aseev and Lugovsky. In 1941 he graduated from IFLI, at the same time he published his first poems.

A few days after the start of the war, he volunteered, first for defense work in the Smolensk region, then enrolled as a cadet at the Gomel Military Infantry School, where he spent only two months - he was alerted and sent to the Volkhov Front. After being seriously wounded, he spent five months in hospitals, then returned to the front again and was in a motorized reconnaissance unit. The last rank is senior sergeant. At the end of November 1945, he returned to Moscow with a train of demobilized soldiers. Decides to live literary work, that is, he gets by with random orders, works part-time on the radio, and writes songs.

Only in 1958 the first book of poems, “Near Countries,” was published, five years later, in 1963, “The Second Pass.” David Samoilov participated in the creation of several performances at the Taganka Theater, at Sovremennik, and wrote songs for plays and films.

In the 1970s they came out poetry collections“Days”, “Equinox”, “Wave and Stone”, “Message”; in the 1980s - “The Bay”, “The Times”, “Voices Behind the Hills”, “A Handful”. He wrote poems for children (the books “Traffic Light”, “The Little Elephant Went to Study”). In 1973, “The Book of Russian Rhyme” was published, republished in 1982.

Since 1946, he was married to art critic Olga Lazarevna Fogelson (1924-1977), daughter of the famous Soviet cardiologist L. I. Fogelson. Their son is Alexander Davydov, writer and translator. Later he was married to Galina Ivanovna Medvedeva, they had three children - Varvara, Peter and Pavel.

Since 1976 he lived in the city of Pärnu, translated a lot from Polish, Czech, Hungarian and the languages of the peoples of the USSR. David Samoilov died on February 23, 1990 in Tallinn, at the anniversary evening of Boris Pasternak, having barely completed his speech.

Zinovy Gerdt, at his anniversary party, read poems by David Samoilov, which were impossible to listen to indifferently:

Oh, how late I realized

Why do I exist

Why does the heart race?

Living blood running through my veins,

And sometimes it’s in vain

I let passions subside,

And that you can't be careful

And what not to be careful...

Poet about himself: “I was born in 1920. Moskvich. I was lucky in my friends and teachers. The friends of my poetic youth were Pavel Kogan, Mikhail Kulchitsky, Nikolai Glazkov, Sergei Narovchatov, Boris Slutsky. Our teachers are Tikhonov, Selvinsky, Aseev, Lugovskoy, Antokolsky. I saw Pasternak. Met with Akhmatova and Zabolotsky. I talked with Martynov and Tarkovsky more than once. He was friends with Maria Petrov. The poetry school was strict. Fought. Seriously wounded."

About the poet

When I think that many artists thought about death, had a presentiment of it, even prophesied it to themselves, I immediately remember my favorite poet David Samoilov. David had been thinking about death since he was probably fifty years old. As we joked (affectionately, of course): David has been saying goodbye to life for many years now. But with him it was not coquetry or speculation, but rather deep reflection. With all this, there was a colossal love of life in everything he thought, wrote, did, said - in the way he lived...

Look - two trees are growing

From the root of one.

Whether it's fate or coincidence, but here

And without kinship - kinship.

When a blizzard rustles in winter,

When the frost is severe, -

Birch is guarded by spruce

From the destructive winds.

And in the heat, when the grass is burning

And the pine needles are just right to smolder, -

The birch will provide shade,

It will help you survive.

The non-blooded do not grow apart,

Their closeness is forever.

But with people everything is awry and at random,

And bitter with shame.

Desik

I became famous when I was still a child.

He put greatness on his forehead,

and in the distance, in the shadow of Samoilov Desik

he was cutting something out like a jigsaw.

He treasured this warm shadow,

and she valued him too,

and into it, like into a wise plant,

the slowness of eternity invested.

We met him drunk

To hang out with different friends,

Just never shady:

Light, perhaps, can only be accumulated in the shadows.

Our pop nobility of Russia

important, nodded condescendingly

to the forties-rock,

and something about Tsar Ivan.

We did not allow ourselves to be insolent

and think that he writes better.

We thought: Desik is Desik.

We ourselves are the key, Desik is the key.

But now we understand at least something

becoming, I hope, deeper, cleaner -

because sometimes the gates are huge

opens the key, not the key.

And I read "The Wave and the Stone"

where wisdom is beyond a generation.

I feel both guilt and fire,

the forgotten flame of worship.

And I feel so strange

as if glory had died like a she-wolf.

It’s probably too early for me to write poetry,

but it's time to learn to write poetry.

Poem, published in Aurora magazine, No. 2, 1975.

"Everything is allowed"

One of the most bitter poems of Russian poetry was written in 1968:

That's all. The geniuses closed their eyes.

And when the skies darkened,

As if in an empty room

We pull, we pull the stale word,

We speak sluggishly and darkly.

How we are honored and how we are favored!

I don't have them. And everything is allowed.

Strange... The last of the “closed eyes”, Anna Akhmatova, wrote just a few years earlier, recalling her triumphant beginning: “For some reason these poor poems of the most empty girl are being reprinted for the thirteenth time... The girl herself (as far as I remember) did not predict such a thing for them fate and hid the issues of the magazines where they were first published under the sofa cushions so as not to be upset.”

Born into a Jewish family. Father - famous doctor, chief venereologist of the Moscow region Samuil Abramovich Kaufman (1892-1957); mother - Cecilia Izrailevna Kaufman (1895-1986).

In 1938-1941 he studied at MIFLI (Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History). At the beginning of the Finnish War, Samoilov wanted to go to the front as a volunteer, but was unfit for health reasons. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was sent to the labor front to dig trenches near Vyazma. There David Samoilov fell ill, was evacuated to Samarkand, studied at Vecherny pedagogical institute. Soon he entered the military infantry school, which he did not graduate from. In 1942 he was sent to the Volkhov Front near Tikhvin. On March 23, 1943, near the Mga station, he was seriously wounded in left hand a mine fragment.

By order of the 1st Separate Brigade of the Volkhov Front No.: 13/n dated: 03/30/1943, the machine gunner of the 1st separate rifle battalion of the 1st separate rifle brigade, Red Army soldier Kaufman, was awarded the medal “For Courage” for the fact that he was in battle on March 23, 1943 in In the Karbusel area, with a machine gun crew during the attack, he was the first to break into a German trench and destroy three Nazi soldiers in hand-to-hand combat.

After recovery, from March 1944 he continued to serve in the 3rd separate motorized reconnaissance unit of the reconnaissance department of the headquarters of the 1st Belorussian Front.

By order of the Armed Forces of the 1st Belorussian Front No.: 347/n dated: November 1, 1944, the clerk of the 3rd separate motorized reconnaissance unit of the reconnaissance department of the headquarters of the 1st Belorussian Front, Corporal Kaufman, was awarded the medal “For Military Merit” for receiving severe wounds in a battle in the area Mga station, participation in battles on the Volkhov and 1st Belorussian fronts and exemplary performance of his immediate duties as a clerk.

By order of the Armed Forces of the 1st Belorussian Front No.: 661/n dated: 06/14/1945, a machine gunner of the 3rd separate motorized reconnaissance unit. department of the headquarters of the 1st Belorussian Front, Corporal Kaufman was awarded the Order of the Red Star for the capture of a German armored personnel carrier and three prisoners, including one non-commissioned officer who gave valuable information, and for Active participation in the battles for the city of Berlin.

During the war, Samoilov did not write poetry - with the exception of a poetic satire on Hitler and poems about the successful soldier Foma Smyslov, which he composed for the garrison newspaper and signed “Semyon Shilo”.

He began publishing in 1941. After the war, he translated a lot from Hungarian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech languages, languages of the peoples of the USSR and others.

Since 1974 he lived in Pärnu (Estonian SSR), at the address: Toominga Street, house No. 4.

David Samoilov died on February 23, 1990 in Tallinn. He was buried in Pärnu (Estonia) at the Forest Cemetery.

Creation

The first post-war work, “Poems about the New City,” was published in 1948 in the magazine “Znamya.” Samoilov considered it necessary for the impressions of life to “settle” in his soul before being embodied in poetry.

The first book of poems, “Neighboring Countries,” was published in 1958. Then poetic collections of lyrical and philosophical poems appeared “Second Pass” (1962), “Days” (1970), “Wave and Stone” (1974), “Message” (1978), “Bay” (1981) , “Voices Over the Hills” (1985) - about the war years, modern generation, about the purpose of art, on historical subjects.

In Samoilov’s poems, “behind the simplicity of semantics and syntax, behind the orientation towards Russian classics, lies the poet’s tragic worldview, his desire for justice and human freedom.”

One of the first public speaking D. S. Samoilova before large audience took place at the Central Lecture Hall in Kharkov in 1960. The organizer of this performance was a friend of the poet, Kharkov literary critic L. Ya. Livshits.

He is the author of the poem “The Hussar's Song” (“When we were at war...”), which was set to music by the bard Viktor Stolyarov in the early 1980s. “The Hussar Song” by Samoilov-Stolyarov became one of the beginning of XXI century, popular among the Cossacks of Kuban. The poem “You will never be mine” (the author's title is “Ballad”) became widely known in the late 1980s thanks to the song by Dmitry Malikov, performed based on it.

He published a humorous prose collection “Around Myself.” Wrote works on versification.

Family

Since 1946, he was married to art critic Olga Lazarevna Fogelson (1924-1977), daughter of the famous Soviet cardiologist L. I. Fogelson. Their son is Alexander Davydov, writer and translator.

Later he was married to Galina Ivanovna Medvedeva, they had three children - Varvara, Peter and Pavel.

Awards

Order of the Red Star (1945)
Medal "For Courage" (1943)
Medal "For Military Merit" (1944)
USSR State Prize (1988)

Essays

Collections of poems

Nearby countries. - 1958.
The little elephant went to study. - M., 1961.
Traffic light. - M., 1962.
Second pass. - M., 1963.
The little elephant went to study. - M., 1967. - (For children)
Days: Poems. - M.: “ Soviet writer", 1970. - 88 p., port. - 10,000 copies.
Equinox: Poems and Poems / Intro. article by E. Sturgeon. - M.: “ Fiction", 1972. - 288 p. - 25,000 copies.
Wave and Stone: Book of Poems. - M.: “Soviet Writer”, 1974. - 104 p. - 20,000 copies.
Looking through our dates... - B/m, 1975.
Message: Poems. - M.: “Soviet Writer”, 1978. - 112 pp., - 50,000 copies.
Bay: Poems. - M.: “Soviet Writer”, 1981. - 144 p. - 50,000 copies.
Hand lines. - M., 1981. - (PBSh)
Tooming Street: Poems and Translations. - Tallinn: “Eesti Raamat”, 1981. - 144 p. - 3000 copies.
The little elephant went to study. - M., 1982.
Times: Book of Poems. - M.: “ Soviet Russia", 1983. - 112 p., ill. - 25,000 copies.
Poems. - M.: “Soviet Writer”, 1985. - 288 p., ill. - 50,000 copies.
Voices beyond the hills. - Tallinn, 1985.
Let me suffer for the poem. - M., 1987.
Handful: Poems. - M.: “Soviet Writer”, 1989. - 176 p. - 45,000 copies.
Beatrice: Book of Poems. - Tallinn, “Eesti raamat”, 1989. - 44 p.
The little elephant went to study, M., 1989.
Snowfall: Moscow poems. - M., 1990.
The little elephant went to study. Plays. - M., 1990.

Editions

Favorites: Poems and poems. [Enter. article by S. Chuprinin] - M.: Fiction, 1980. - 448 p.
Favorites. Selected works in two volumes. - M.: Fiction, 1989. - 50,000 copies.
- Volume 1. Poems. / Introductory article by I. O. Shaitanov - 559 p.
- Volume 2. Poems. Poems for children. Portraits. - 335 s.
I got everything... - M.: Vremya, 2000. - 624 p.
Daily notes: In 2 volumes. - M.: Time, 2002. - 416, 384 p.
Poems. - M.: Vremya, 2005. - 480 p.
A book about Russian rhyme. - M.: Vremya, 2005. - 400 p.
Poems / Comp., prepared. text by V. I. Tumarkin, introductory article A. S. Nemzer. - St. Petersburg: Academic Project, 2006. - 800 p.
The Happiness of the Craft: Selected Poems. / Comp. V. Tumarkin, 2009. // 2nd ed. - 2010. /// 3rd ed. stereotype. - M.: Vremya, 2013. - 784 p. -6
Memoirs. - M.: Vremya, 2014. - 704 p.

Prose

People of one option // Aurora. - 1990. - No. 1-2.

Translations

Albanian poems. - M., 1950.
Songs of free Albania. - M., 1953.
Grishashvili I. Fairy tales. / Translation from Georgian by D. Samoilov. - M., 1955.
Senghor L. Chaka./ Translation from French by D. Samoilov. - M., 1971.
The tale of Manjuna from the Benu Amir tribe. / Translation from Arabic by D. Samoilov. Interlinear translation by B. Shidfar. - M., 1976.
Marcinkevičius Yu. Cathedral. / Translation from Lithuanian by D. Samoilov. - Vilnius, 1977.
The shadow of the sun. Poets of Lithuania in translations by D. Samoilov. - Vilnius, 1981.
Samoilov D., Cross Ya. Bottomless moments. - Tallinn, 1990.

Literature

Baevsky V. S. David Samoilov: The poet and his generation: Monograph. - M.: Sov. writer, 1987. - 256 p.
Davydov A. 49 days with your soul mates. - M.: Vremya, 2005. - 192 p.
Dravich Andrzej. Faces of my friends / Kiss in the frost - pp. 5, 58, 65 (illustrations after 65) Translation from Polish by Maxim Malkov. St. Petersburg: 2013, electr. ed., rev. and additional

Biography

David Samoilov (real name - David Samuilovich Kaufman; June 1, 1920, Moscow - February 23, 1990, Tallinn) - Russian Soviet poet, translator.

David Samoilov is a poet of the front generation. Like many of his peers, he left his student days for the front.

Born into a Jewish family. Father - famous doctor, chief venereologist of the Moscow region Samuil Abramovich Kaufman (1892-1957); mother - Cecilia Izrailevna Kaufman (1895-1986).

In 1938-1941 he studied at MIFLI (Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History). At the beginning of the Finnish war Samoilov wanted to go to the front as a volunteer, but was unfit for health reasons. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he was sent to the labor front to dig trenches near Vyazma. There, David Samoilov fell ill, was evacuated to Samarkand, and studied at the Evening Pedagogical Institute. Soon he entered the military infantry school, which he did not graduate from. In 1942 he was sent to the Volkhov Front near Tikhvin. March 23, 1943 near the station. Mga was seriously wounded in the left arm by a mine fragment. After recovery, from March 1944 he continued to serve in the 3rd separate motorized reconnaissance unit of the reconnaissance department of the headquarters of the 1st Belorussian Front.

For courage and heroism shown during the Great Patriotic War, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Medal “For Military Merit.”

He began publishing in 1941. After the war, he translated a lot from Hungarian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, languages of the peoples of the USSR, etc.

Since 1974 he lived in Pärnu (Estonian SSR), at st. Toominga, 4. David Samoilov died on February 23, 1990 in Tallinn. He was buried in Pärnu (Estonia) at the Forest Cemetery.

Creation

The first book of poems, “Neighboring Countries,” was published in 1958. Then poetic collections of lyrical and philosophical poems appeared “Second Pass” (1962), “Days” (1970), “Wave and Stone” (1974), “Message” (1978), “Bay” (1981) , “Voices Behind the Hills” (1985) - about the war years, the modern generation, the purpose of art, historical subjects.

One of D. S. Samoilov’s first public performances before a large audience took place at the Central Lecture Hall in Kharkov in 1960. The organizer of this performance was a friend of the poet, Kharkov literary critic L. Ya. Livshits.

He is the author of the poem “The Hussar's Song” (“When we were at war...”), which was set to music by the bard Viktor Stolyarov in the early 1980s. “The Hussar Song” by Samoilov-Stolyarov became very popular among the Cossacks of the Kuban at the beginning of the 21st century. [source not specified 801 days]

He published a humorous prose collection “Around Myself.” Wrote works on versification.

Family

Since 1946, he was married to art critic Olga Lazarevna Fogelson (1924-1977), daughter of the famous Soviet cardiologist L. I. Fogelson. Their son, Alexander Davydov, is also a writer (publicist and prose writer).

Later he was married to Galina Ivanovna Medvedeva, they had three children - Varvara, Peter and Pavel.

Awards

Order of the Red Star (1945)
Medal "For Military Merit" (1944)
USSR State Prize (1988)

Essays

Collections of poems

Nearby countries, 1958
Second pass, 1963
Baby Elephant went to study, 1967 (for children)
Days, 1970
Equinox, 1972
Wave and Stone, 1974
News, 1978
Bay, 1981
Hand Lines, 1981 (for teenagers)
Times, 1983
Poems, 1985
Handful, 1989
Snowfall: Moscow Poems, 1990

Editions

Favorites. - M.: Fiction, 1980.
Favorites. Selected works in two volumes. - M.: Fiction, 1990. - ISBN 5-280-00564-9
Volume 1. Poems. / Introductory article by I. O. Shaitanov - 559 p. ISBN 5-280-00565-7
Volume 2. Poems. Poems for children. Portraits. - 335 s. ISBN 5-280-00566-5
Poems. - M.: Time, 2005.
Poems / Comp., prepared. text by V. I. Tumarkin, introductory article by A. S. Nemzer. - St. Petersburg: Academic Project, 2006. - 800 p. - ISBN 5-7331-0321-3
The Happiness of the Craft: Selected Poems. / Comp. V. Tumarkin, 2009, 2nd ed. - 2010, 3rd ed. - M.: Vremya, 2013. - 784 p. - ISBN 978-5-9691-1119-6

An essay on the work on the topic: The role of landscape in Karamzin’s story “ Poor Lisa»

The story "Poor Liza" is best work Karamzin and one of the most perfect examples of Russian sentimental literature. It contains many wonderful episodes describing subtle emotional experiences.

The work contains beautifully picturesque pictures of nature that harmoniously complement the narrative. At first glance, they can be considered random episodes that are just beautiful background for the main action, but in reality everything is much more complicated. Landscapes in “Poor Liza” are one of the main means of revealing emotional experiences heroes.

At the very beginning of the story, the author describes Moscow and the “terrible mass of houses,” and immediately after that he begins to paint a completely different picture. “Below... along the yellow sands, a bright river flows, agitated by the light oars of fishing boats... On the other side of the river you can see Oak Grove, near which numerous herds graze; there young shepherds, sitting under the shade of trees, sing simple, sad songs..."

Karamzin immediately takes the position of everything beautiful and natural; the city is unpleasant to him, he is drawn to “nature.” Here the description of nature serves to express the author’s position.

Further, most descriptions of nature are aimed at conveying state of mind and experiences main character, because it is she, Lisa, who is the embodiment of everything natural and beautiful. “Even before the rising of the sun, Lisa got up, went down to the bank of the Moscow River, sat down on the grass and, saddened, looked at the white mists... silence reigned everywhere, but soon the rising luminary of the day awakened all creation: the groves, bushes came to life, the birds fluttered and sang, the flowers raised their heads to be saturated with the life-giving rays of light.”

Nature at this moment is beautiful, but Lisa is sad because a new, hitherto unknown feeling is born in her soul.

But despite the fact that the heroine is sad, her feeling is beautiful and natural, like the landscape around her.

A few minutes later there is an explanation between Lisa and Erast, they love each other, and her feeling immediately changes. "What a wonderful morning! How fun everything is in the field! Never have larks sung so well, never has the sun shone so brightly, never have flowers smelled so pleasant!”

Her experiences dissolve in the surrounding landscape, they are just as beautiful and pure.

A wonderful romance begins between Erast and Lisa, their attitude is chaste, their embrace is “pure and immaculate.” The surrounding landscape is also pure and immaculate. “After this, Erast and Lisa, afraid of not keeping their word, saw each other every evening... most often under the shade of hundred-year-old oaks... - oaks that shade the deep, clean pond, fossilized in ancient times. There, the quiet moon, through the green branches, silvered Liza’s blond hair with its rays, with which the zephyrs and the hand of a dear friend played.”

The time of innocent relationships passes, Lisa and Erast become close, she feels like a sinner, a criminal, and the same changes occur in nature as in Liza’s soul: “... not a single star shone in the sky... Meanwhile, lightning flashed and thunder struck...” This picture reveals not only Lisa’s state of mind, but also foreshadows the tragic ending of this story.

The heroes of the work are parting, but Lisa still does not know that this is forever, she is unhappy, her heart is breaking, but there is still a faint hope glimmering in it. The morning dawn, which, like a “scarlet sea,” spreads “across the eastern sky,” conveys the heroine’s pain, anxiety and confusion and also indicates an unkind ending.

Lisa, having learned about Erast’s betrayal, ended her unhappy life, she threw herself into the very pond near which she had once been so happy, she was buried under the “gloomy oak tree,” which is a witness to the most happy moments her life.

The examples given are quite sufficient to show how important it is to describe pictures of nature in work of art how deeply they help to penetrate into the soul of the characters and their experiences. Consider the story “Poor Liza” and not take it into account landscape sketches it is simply unacceptable, because they are the ones who help the reader understand the depth of the author’s thoughts, his ideological plan.