Description of the fairy tale Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Did Snow White really die at the hands of her stepmother: who was the prototype of the fairy-tale heroine

A fairy tale about how a stepmother was jealous of her stepdaughter Snow White. The girl was more beautiful, so the evil woman wanted to destroy her in the forest. But there Snow White saw a house with gnomes, where she began to live. The heroine was saved from the evil tricks of her stepmother by a handsome prince.

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It was in the middle of winter, snowflakes were falling like fluff from the sky, and the queen was sitting at the window - its frame was made of ebony - and the queen was sewing. She was sewing, looked at the snow and pricked her finger with a needle, and three drops of blood fell onto the snow. And the red on the white snow looked so beautiful that she thought to herself:

“If only I had a child, white as this snow, and ruddy as blood, and black-haired, like the wood on the window frame!”

And the queen soon gave birth to a daughter, and she was as white as snow, as red as blood, and as black-haired as ebony, and therefore they called her Snow White. And when the child was born, the queen died.

A year later the king took another wife. That was beautiful woman, but proud and arrogant, and she could not stand it when anyone surpassed her in beauty. She had magic mirror, and when she stood in front of him and looked at him, she asked:

And the mirror answered:

You, queen, are the most beautiful in the country.

And she was pleased, because she knew that the mirror was telling the truth. During this time, Snow White grew up and became more and more beautiful, and when she was seven years old, she was as beautiful as a clear day, and more beautiful than the queen herself. When the queen asked her mirror:

Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the most beautiful in the whole country?

It answered like this:

Still, Snow White is a thousand times more beautiful!

Then the queen became frightened, turned yellow and green with envy. From that hour she saw Snow White - and her heart broke, so she began to hate the girl. Both envy and arrogance grew like weeds in her heart, higher and higher, and from now on she had no peace, day or night. Then she called one of her huntsmen and said:

Take the child to the forest, I can’t see her anymore. You must kill her and bring me her lungs and liver as proof.

The huntsman obeyed and led the girl into the forest, but when he pulled out his hunting knife and was about to pierce Snow White’s innocent heart, she began to cry and ask:

Oh, dear huntsman, if you leave me alive, I will run far into the dense forest and never return home.

And because she was beautiful, the huntsman took pity on her and said:

So be it, run, poor girl!

And it was as if a stone had been lifted from his heart when he didn’t have to kill Snow White. At that time, a young deer just ran up, and the huntsman killed it, took out its lungs and liver and brought them to the queen as a sign that her order had been fulfilled. The cook was ordered to boil them in salt water, and the evil woman ate them, thinking they were Snow White's lungs and liver.

And the poor girl was left in big forest alone, and she became so scared that she looked at all the leaves on the trees, not knowing what to do next, how to help her. She started to run, and ran over sharp stones, through thorny thickets, and wild animals jumped around her, but they did not touch her. She ran as long as she could, and then it was already getting dark, she saw a small hut and went into it to rest. And in that hut everything was so small, but beautiful and clean, that you could not tell it in a fairy tale or describe it with a pen.

There stood a table covered with a white tablecloth, and on it were seven small plates, each plate had a spoon, and also seven small knives and forks and seven small goblets. There were seven small beds standing against the wall, one next to the other, and they were covered with snow-white blankets. Snow White wanted to eat and drink, and she took a little bit of vegetables and bread from each plate and drank a drop of wine from each goblet - she did not want to drink everything from one. And since she was very tired, she tried to lie down in bed, but none of them were suitable for her: one was too long, the other was too short, but the seventh turned out to be just right for her, she lay down in it and, surrendering to the mercy of the Lord, fell asleep .

When it was already completely dark, the owners of the hut came, and there were seven gnomes who were mining ore in the mountains. They lit their seven lamps, and when it became light in the hut, they noticed that someone was with them, because not everything was in the same order as it was before. And the first dwarf said:

Who was that sitting on my chair?

Who ate from my plate?

Who took a piece of my bread?

Fourth:

Who ate my vegetables?

Who took my fork?

Who cut with my knife?

The seventh asked:

Who was it that drank from my little cup?

And the first one looked around and saw that there was a small fold on his bed, and asked:

Who was that lying on my bed?

Then the others came running and began to say:

And there was someone in mine too.

The seventh gnome looked at his bed and saw Snow White lying in it and sleeping. Then he called the others, they came running, began to scream in surprise, brought seven of their light bulbs and illuminated Snow White.

Oh, my God! Oh, my God! - they exclaimed. - What a beautiful child, however! “They were so happy that they didn’t wake her up and left her sleeping in bed.” And the seventh dwarf slept with each of his comrades for an hour, and so the night passed.

Morning has come. Snow White woke up, saw seven dwarfs and got scared. But they were kind to her and asked:

What is your name?

“My name is Snow White,” she answered.

How did you get into our hut?

And she told them that her stepmother wanted to kill her, but the huntsman took pity on her, and that she ran all day until she finally found their hut. The dwarves asked:

If you want to run our household, cook, make beds, wash, sew and knit, keep everything clean and in order - if you agree to this, you can stay with us, and you will have plenty of everything.

“Okay,” said Snow White, “with great pleasure.”

And she stayed with them. She kept the hut in order, in the morning the gnomes went to the mountains to look for ore and gold, and in the evening they returned home, and she had to prepare food for them when they arrived. The girl remained alone all day, and therefore the good gnomes warned her and said:

Beware of your stepmother: she will soon find out that you are here, be careful not to let anyone into the house.

And the queen, having eaten Snow White’s lungs and liver, again began to believe that she was the first and most beautiful of all the women in the country. She went to the mirror and asked:

Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the most beautiful in the whole country?

And the mirror answered:

You, queen, are beautiful,

But Snow White is there, just over the mountains,

At the seven dwarfs behind the walls

Then the queen was frightened - she knew that the mirror was telling the truth, and she realized that the huntsman had deceived her and that Snow White was still alive. And she began to think again and come up with ways to kill her; She felt no peace of envy because she was not the most beautiful woman in the country. And then, finally, she thought of something: she painted her face, dressed as an old merchant, so that it was impossible to recognize her. She went through the seven mountains to the seven dwarves, knocked on the door and said:

Snow White looked out the window and said:

Hello, kind woman, what are you selling?

“Good goods, wonderful goods,” she answered, “the laces are multi-colored.” - And the queen took out one of the laces, showed it, and it was woven from colorful silk.

“We can let this honest woman into the house,” thought Snow White, opened the door bolt and bought herself a beautiful cord.

How it suits you, girl,” said the old woman, “let me lace you up properly.”

Snow White, not expecting anything bad, stood in front of her and let her tighten the new laces, and the old woman began to lace, so quickly and so tightly that Snow White suffocated and fell dead to the ground.

“You were the most beautiful,” the queen said and quickly disappeared.

Soon after, in the evening, the seven dwarfs returned home, and how frightened they were when they saw that their dear Snow White was lying on the ground, not moving, not moving, as if dead! They lifted her and saw that she was laced tightly, then they cut the laces, and she began to breathe little by little and gradually came to her senses. When the dwarves heard what had happened, they said:

The old merchant was really an evil queen, beware, don’t let anyone in when we’re not at home.

And the evil woman returned home, went to the mirror and asked:

Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the most beautiful in the whole country?

And the mirror answered her, as before:

You, queen, are beautiful,

But Snow White is there, just over the mountains,

At the seven dwarfs behind the walls

A thousand times more beautiful!

When she heard such an answer, all the blood rushed to her heart, she was so frightened - she realized that Snow White had come to life again.

Well, now,” she said, “I’ll come up with something that will surely destroy you.” “Knowing the witch’s witchcraft, she prepared a poisonous comb. Then she changed her clothes and turned into another old woman. And she went over the seven mountains to the seven dwarfs, knocked on the door and said:

I sell good goods! Selling!

Snow White looked out the window and said:

Perhaps we can take a look,” said the old woman, took out a poisonous comb and, lifting it up, showed it to Snow White.

The girl liked him so much that she let herself be deceived and opened the door. They agreed on a price, and the old woman said: “Well, now let me comb your hair properly.”

Poor Snow White, suspecting nothing, allowed the old woman to comb her hair, but as soon as she touched her hair with the comb, the poison immediately began to take effect, and the girl fell unconscious to the ground.

“You, beautiful woman,” said the evil woman, “now the end has come for you.” - Having said this, she left.

But, fortunately, it was late in the evening, and the seven dwarves soon returned home. Noticing that Snow White was lying dead on the ground, they immediately suspected her stepmother, began to find out what was the matter, and found a poisonous comb; and as soon as they got him out, Snow White came to her senses again and told them all that had happened. And once again the dwarves told her to be on her guard and not open the door to anyone.

And the queen returned home, sat down in front of the mirror and said:

Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the most beautiful in the whole country?

And the mirror answered, as before:

You, queen, are beautiful,

But Snow White is there, just over the mountains,

At the seven dwarfs behind the walls

A thousand times more beautiful!

She heard what the mirror was saying, and she trembled and trembled all over with anger.

“Snow White must die,” she shouted, “even if it costs me my life!”

And she went to a secret room, where no one had ever entered, and prepared a poisonous apple there. It was very beautiful on the outside, white and ruddy, and anyone who saw it would want to eat it, but whoever ate even a piece of it would certainly die. When the apple was ready, she painted her face, dressed as a peasant and set off on her journey, across the seven mountains to the seven dwarfs. She knocked, Snow White stuck her head out the window and said:

No one is allowed in, the seven dwarfs forbade me to do so.

Yes, that’s good,” answered the peasant woman, “but where will I put my apples?” Would you like me to give you one of these?

No, said Snow White, I was not ordered to take anything.

What is it, are you afraid of poison? - asked the old woman. - Look, I’ll cut the apple into two halves, you’ll eat the brown one, and I’ll eat the white one.

And the apple was made so cunningly that only its rosy half was poisoned. Snow White wanted to taste the beautiful apple, and when she saw that the peasant woman was eating it, she, too, could not resist, stuck her hand out of the window and took the poisoned half. As soon as she took a bite, she immediately fell dead to the ground. I looked at her with my with evil eyes The queen laughed loudly and said:

White as snow, blush like blood, black hair like ebony! Now your gnomes will never wake you up.

She returned home and began asking the mirror:

Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the most beautiful in the whole country?

And the mirror finally answered:

You, queen, are the most beautiful in the whole country.

And then her envious heart calmed down, as far as such a heart can find peace for itself.

The dwarves, returning home in the evening, found Snow White lying on the ground, lifeless and dead. They picked her up and began to look for poison: they unlaced her, combed her hair, washed her with water and wine, but nothing helped - the dear girl was dead and remained dead. They put her in a coffin, all seven of them sat around her and began to mourn her, and they cried like that for three whole days. Then they decided to bury her, but she looked exactly alive - her cheeks were beautiful and rosy.

And they said:

How can you bury it like that in damp ground?

And they ordered a glass coffin to be made for her, so that she could be seen from all sides, and they laid her in that coffin, and wrote her name on it in gold letters, and that she was the king's daughter. And they carried that coffin to the mountain, and one of them always remained with it on guard. And the birds also came to mourn Snow White: first the owl, then the raven, and finally the dove.

And for a long, long time Snow White lay in her coffin, and it seemed that she was sleeping - she was white as snow, blush as blood, and black-haired as ebony. But it happened that one day the prince drove into that forest, and he ended up in the house of the gnomes to spend the night there. He saw a coffin on the mountain, and in it the beautiful Snow White, and read what was written on it in golden letters. And then he said to the dwarves:

Give me this coffin, and I will give you whatever you want for it.

But the dwarves answered:

We won't give it up even for all the gold in the world.

Then he said:

So give it to me. I can't live without seeing Snow White.

When he said this, the good gnomes took pity on him and gave him the coffin.

And the king's son ordered his servants to carry him on their shoulders. But it so happened that they tripped over some bush, and the shock caused a piece of a poisonous apple to fall out of Snow White’s throat. Then she opened her eyes, lifted the lid of the coffin, and then stood up herself.

Oh, Lord, where am I? - she exclaimed.

The prince, filled with joy, replied:

“You are with me,” and he told her everything that happened, and said:

You are dearer to me than anything in the world, let’s go with me to my father’s castle, and you will be my wife.

Snow White agreed, and they celebrated a magnificent and magnificent wedding.

But the queen, Snow White’s stepmother, was also invited to the celebration. She dressed up in Nice dress, went to the mirror and said:

Mirror, mirror on the wall,

Who is the most beautiful in the whole country?

And the mirror answered:

You, Madam Queen, are beautiful,

But the young queen is a thousand times more beautiful!

And then the evil woman uttered her curse, and she became so scared, so scared that she didn’t know how to cope with herself. At first she decided not to go to the wedding at all, but she had no peace - she wanted to go and look at the young queen. And she entered the palace, and recognized Snow White, and from fear and horror, as she stood, she froze in place.

But iron shoes had already been placed on the burning coals for her, and they were brought, holding them with tongs, and placed in front of her. And she had to step her feet into the red-hot shoes and dance in them until she finally fell dead to the ground.

As children, we all read a wonderful fairy tale about a beauty with snow-white skin and jet-black hair, who tells how she was sheltered in the forest by little magical people. We worried about the fate of the princess and were angry at the machinations of the terrible stepmother when we saw the embodiment of the plot of the aforementioned fairy tale in numerous film adaptations (the Disney cartoon is especially magnificent). But how many people know who the author of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is? Let's try to clarify this issue. In this case there are definitely more than one authors. These are the brothers and Wilhelm. And also - albeit indirectly - the entire people of the German state of Westphalia.

Life and work of Grimm

Brothers of the same age were born in the town of Hanau. Jacob - in January 1785, and Wilhelm - in February 1786. In addition to them, the family had an even younger brother and three little sisters. His father, Philipp-Wilhelm, worked first as a lawyer, and from 1792 as a judge in Steinau. It was he who instilled in his sons a love of reading and drawing. But in 1796, his father died, and Jacob, at the age of 11, became the head of the family. Soon the eldest sons went to Kassel to graduate from the lyceum, enter the university and become lawyers. There this creative tandem appeared - the author of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Because at the university the brothers met new people, from whom they learned about folk songs and the tales of the people of Westphalia.

Fairy-tale nav and political reality

To understand the fate and work of the Brothers Grimm, it is necessary, at least briefly, to describe the political situation that developed at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries in Germany. Then the country was split into many principalities - each with its own language, ruler, minted coins, and so on. Little Westphalia was easily captured by Napoleon's army in 1806. The kingdom was led by Bonaparte's brother Jerome. He invited Jacob to become a librarian, to which he agreed. The author of “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” actively collects legends, songs and tales of the region.

After the French were expelled from Westphalia, the brothers served as librarians in Kassel and then, in 1840, accepted the invitation of Frederick William of Prussia to move to Berlin. Even then, Grimm became known to the general public as the author of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, as well as 82 other fairy tales. In Berlin they continued to create: collecting examples of folk poetry like valuable pearls, processing folklore and exploring Germanic linguistics. They died - Wilhelm in 1859, and Jacob in 1863 - while working on the first dictionary of the German language.

Oh, these storytellers...

Now about the period when Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs appeared. The author, or rather the creative tandem, published their first collection when they were still green youths, in 1812.

It was released in a modest paperback and included only eighty-three tales. Later, the authors repeatedly renewed the circulation, constantly adding new stories to the book. Now the collection of “Children's and family fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm” consists of 200 works.

Why is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs significant?

This fantastic story weaves together many motifs that are present in other stories of the Brothers Grimm. This evil stepmother, who wants to get rid of her stepdaughter (compare with “Hans and Gretel”). The motif is also present in the fairy tale “Sleeping Beauty”. The idea of ​​the stepmother’s insidious “gifts” looks very interesting - a belt, a comb and an apple, in which a reader familiar with Greek myths can easily recognize the attributes of Venus. The multifaceted work of the authors hides a much deeper meaning than it might seem at first glance. In the lands of the former Roman Empire, ancient myth has been defeated by Germanic tales of gnomes.

It was winter. In the castle, a beautiful queen was sitting by the window. While sewing, the queen looked out the window and thought. She really wanted to have a black-haired girl with snow-white skin and rosy cheeks. Soon, her wish came true. The daughter she dreamed of was born. The Queen gave her a beautiful name - Snow White.

Immediately after the birth of the girl, the queen died. The child was left without maternal affection. Time has passed. The king married again. The new queen was an evil and calculating woman. She was not interested in Snow White's life. Every day the queen looked into her magic mirror to find out who is the most beautiful of all. And in response, the ambitious woman always heard that she was the most beautiful in the world.

Snow White grew up, and every year her beauty blossomed more and more brightly. And so, in Once again, asking the mirror, the queen heard a different answer. The mirror said for the first time that Snow White was the most beautiful of all. The evil queen was angry and vowed to kill the girl from the world. She ordered the forester to secretly take the princess into an impenetrable thicket and kill her. She hated her stepdaughter so much. The forester brought the girl to dark forest and let her go, feeling sorry for her. And he told the queen that he had carried out her order.

The princess wandered through the forest for a long time, and only in the evening she came across a small house on her way. Entering it, she saw that there was no one in the house. But from the plates, chairs and beds it was clear that seven people lived here. The girl was very tired, lay down on one of the beds and fell fast asleep.

When it got completely dark, seven dwarfs came to the small house from work. They saw the princess and, after listening to her story, invited her to stay with them and look after the household. The gnomes immediately liked the girl. Every morning they went to work in the mountains in the mines and returned late in the evening. The princess was alone at home all day. The dwarves, when leaving, warned Snow White to beware of her evil stepmother. At this time, the evil queen learned from the mirror that Snow White was still alive, and decided to act on her own. Three times, coming up with different intrigues, she tried to kill the girl. Twice the dwarves managed to save her from death. But the third time her plan came true. Dressed as an old woman, the queen came to the dwarves' house. She offered her stepdaughter an apple in which she put poison. After biting the apple, the girl died.

The dwarves failed to save the king's daughter this time. They placed her in a glass coffin, which they placed at the very top of the mountain. Every day they took turns on duty, guarding the peace of the princess. Even animals came to mourn the girl.

Years have passed. A young prince was passing through the forest. He saw the king's daughter in a glass coffin on the mountain and fell in love with her. The prince persuaded the dwarves to take her with them to the castle and protect her. The gnomes allowed it. When the prince's servants were carrying the coffin, they tripped. The bitten part of the apple fell from the princess's lips, and she came to life. The girl also fell in love with the prince. The evil stepmother was also invited to their wedding. When she found out that Snow White had come to life and now had a long, happy life ahead of her, she died of envy.

This fairy tale teaches you to believe in kindness and justice, fight evil and find a way out of any difficult circumstances.

Picture or drawing of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

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snow white and the huntsman 2, snow white
"Snow White"(German Schneewittchen from the original Low German Sneewittchen: Snee - “snow”, witt - “white”) - a fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, published in 1812 and expanded in 1854, about beautiful daughter king, who was sheltered in the forest by gnomes, saving her from the wrath of her evil stepmother, who owns a magic mirror. Tells of an enchanted dream main character and her awakening thanks to the intervention of the prince. classification system fairy tales Arne-Thompson number 709.

• 1 Plot
• 2 Interpretation and analysis of the plot
  • 2.1 Number "three"
  • 2.2 Number "seven"
  • 2.3 Alchemical interpretation
  • 2.4 Psychological interpretations
• 3 Translations into Russian
• 4 Theater productions
• 5 Film adaptations
• 6 Interesting facts
• 7 See also
• 8 Notes

Plot

One snowy winter day, the queen sits and sews by a window with an ebony frame. By chance she pricks her finger with a needle, drops three drops of blood and thinks: “Oh, if only I had a baby, white as snow, red as blood and black as ebony.” Her wish comes true and a girl is born, who is named Snow White; the dreams of the Queen Mother are embodied in her: she had snow-white skin, black hair and a healthy blush on her cheeks. After the birth of her daughter, the queen mother dies, and the king a year later marries another, proud and arrogant beauty. When Snow White turns 7, the proud queen's magic mirror recognizes her stepdaughter as the most beautiful in the land. The queen instructs the huntsman to take the girl into the forest and kill her, and to bring her a lung and liver as proof. Taking pity on Snow White, the hound brings the queen a lung and the liver of a young deer, which she cooks and eats.

Snow White finds a hut in the forest in which a table is set for seven people and, in order to satisfy her hunger, she takes some vegetables, bread and wine from each portion, and then, crossing herself, falls asleep on one of the beds. When it gets dark, the owners come to the hut, who turn out to be seven mountain gnome miners. They see the baby and are captivated by her beauty. In the morning, after listening to Snow White's story, the dwarves invite the girl to stay with them and run the household. They also warn against communicating with strangers, fearing the machinations of her stepmother. Having learned from her mirror that Snow White is still alive beyond the seven mountains, the queen comes three times, disguised as different people, in her arsenal - a strangling dress lace, a poisonous comb and a poisoned apple. Twice Snow White is saved by the dwarfs, but the third time they fail to recognize the reason for the death of their favorite. But even the lifeless Snow White was fresh and rosy, so the dwarves do not dare to bury her; they make a transparent crystal coffin with a gold inscription and place it on the top of the mountain. Even animals and birds come to mourn the king’s daughter, and the good gnomes, one by one, stand guard in shifts. The evil queen receives confirmation from her mirror that she herself is now more beautiful and sweeter than everyone else.

Snow White lies in the coffin for a very long time, seems to be sleeping and still looks beautiful. One day, a prince passes by and, seeing a girl, falls in love with her. The prince asks the gnomes to exchange gifts or give him a coffin, since he can no longer live without looking at his beloved. Out of sympathy, the dwarfs give his servants the coffin with the beauty, which they carry on their shoulders, but they stumble, and a piece of the poisoned apple jumps out of Snow White’s throat. Life is returning to her. The prince and Snow White are celebrating a wedding, to which the evil queen is also invited. Having learned from the mirror that the newlywed is more beautiful than her, the queen panics. However, curiosity takes over and the stepmother appears at the wedding celebration, where she recognizes her stepdaughter. Punishment for her deeds, the villainess must dance in red-hot iron shoes until she falls dead.

Plot interpretation and analysis

The fairy tale includes a variety of information blocks and associations, touching on aspects of psychology, sociology, history, Christian theology, mythology, and cosmology. The image of Snow White is one of the most recognizable and is reflected in painting, music, sculpture, cinema, literature and pop culture.

The most important symbolic motifs in the tale: poisoned apple, number 7, magic mirror, belt and comb, contrasting colors: black, red and white, blood and snow.

The motif of a dream similar to death is also found in the fairy tale “Sleeping Beauty,” a version of which was also written by the Brothers Grimm. The Grimms' "Snow White" is very similar to Pushkin's "The Tale of dead princess and about the seven heroes,” written in the fall of 1833 in Boldino.

Number three

Three drops of blood in the snow along with an ebony frame are the original picture for the appearance of the special beauty of Snow White in a fairy tale. The number "three" is also present in the three visits of the stepmother, during which she conveys the "three attributes of Venus" (belt, comb and apple) in the form of deadly gifts.

Number "seven"

The number “seven”, which is present in the number of dwarves and mountain peaks in Snow White, also connects this fairy tale with the following fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm: “The Seven Ravens”, “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”. The idea that the number of dwarfs has a chronological meaning, for example in naming gnomes after the names of the days of the week, is reflected both in theory and in cinema. 7 dwarfs and 7 mountains will thus be a metaphor meaning seven objects and seven time periods.

The plot of the tale is comparable to ancient astronomical ideas: Snow White and the seven dwarfs are associated with the Moon, accompanied (according to the knowledge of that time) by the Sun, the Earth and five planets on the ecliptic. Moreover, the metaphor of Snow White and the seven dwarfs may point to the ancient idea of ​​the coincidence of the seven famous " celestial bodies"with seven days of the week: Snow White and the seven dwarfs, at the same time, is probably a coded picture of the structure of the cosmos, according to which the Earth is accompanied by seven celestial bodies, correlated with time intervals: the Sun (Sunday), the Moon (Monday), Mars (Tuesday), Mercury (Wednesday), Jupiter (Thursday), Venus (Friday) and Saturn (Saturday).

Alchemical interpretation

Psychological interpretations

According to the analytical psychology of Carl Gustav Jung, the stepmother in many fairy tales represents the archetype of the “shadow” or “foremother destroying and absorbing.”

According to the anthroposophy of Friedel Lenz, the house of dwarfs represents the body of a child, and the dwarfs themselves represent his elemental forces. Moreover, the number 7 symbolizes time. The tales of Snow White, Sleeping Beauty and Little Red Riding Hood form a sequence of mental decline. By eating an apple together with her stepmother (the stepmother in disguise ate the unpoisoned half), Snow White identifies herself with the temptress. And only at the cost of her own efforts can she spew out poison, facilitating a mystical wedding (alchemy) between the soul (the princess) and the spirit (the prince).

Regarding the erotic level of the fairy tale “Snow White,” folklorist Lutz Rehrich notes that beauty is intertwined here with love, but in an extremely perverted form. The fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm themselves are asexual. According to research by Heinz Relleke, this tendency intensifies in later editions.

Translations into Russian

• P. Polevoy (1839-1902) - “The Snow Maiden”
• G. Petnikov (1894-1971) - “The Snow Maiden”
• V. Waldman (1884-1962) - “Snow White”
• A. Vvedensky (1904-1941) - “The Snow Maiden”
• G. Shalaeva - “Snow White”
• V. Solovyova - “Snow White”
• G. Sergeeva - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”
• E. Ivanova - “Snow White”
• A. Korotkov - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”
• N. Terentyeva - “Snow White”
• A. Vasilyeva - “Snow White”
• E. Nevolina - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”
• O. Vernikovich - “Snow White”
• N. Kirillova - “Snow White”
• N. Aleshina - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”
• O. Trifonova - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”
• A. Faykova - “Snow White”
• E. Peskovskaya - “Snow White”
• E. Peskovskaya, P. Polevoy, A. Fedorov-Davydov - “Snow White”
• S. Kuzmin - “Snow White”

The Russian reader is most familiar with the classic translation of the fairy tale from German, edited by Polevoy.

Theater productions

• 1956 - “Snow White”, ballet by Tatiana Gzovskaya to music by V.-A. Mozart, Berlin Ballet.
• 2008 - “Snow White”, ballet by Angelin Preljocaj to the music of Gustav Mahler, Ballet Preljocaj (2009 - filmed).
• 2013 - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” (music - Tibor Kochak, choreography - Gyula Harangoso). Rostov State Musical Theater

Film adaptations

• 1916 - Snow White - US silent film.
• 1937 - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and the Seven Dwarfs - first full-length cartoon Walt Disney Studios (production: USA).
• 1955 - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - German film.
• 1992 - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” - film directed by Ludwig Raz (production: Germany-Czechoslovakia).
• 1993 - “The New Adventures of Snow White” - a cartoon based on a fairy tale with its own plot, directed by John Hawley (production: USA).
• 1997 - “Snow White. Scary tale"(English: Snow White: A Tale of Terror) - horror, fantasy. Directed by Michael Cohn. (manufactured in USA).
• 2001 - “Snow White” - film directed by Caroline Thompson (production: Canada, USA, Germany). Snow White is played by Kristin Kreuk (star of the TV series Smallville)
• 2011 - Once Upon a Time - American ABC television series in the fantasy genre. Snow White is played by Ginnifer Goodwin.
• 2012 - “Snow White: Revenge of the Dwarves” (English: Mirror Mirror) - comedy fantasy film directed by Tarsem Singh (production: USA). Snow White is played by Lily Collins.
• 2012 - Snow White & the Huntsman - American fantasy adventure film directed by Rupert Sanders based on the fairy tale (produced in the USA). Snow White is played by Kristen Stewart.

• The video for the song “Sonne” by the German rock band Rammstein (since 1994) is a rather loose interpretation of the fairy tale about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Rammstein play dwarfs who work hard in the mines, extracting drugs for Snow White there (according to another version - gold dust). One fine day, the beauty suffers an overdose and the saddened gnomes put her body in a glass coffin. The dwarfs are going to leave this coffin on the hill, but as soon as the coffin falls to the ground, an apple falls from a nearby apple tree and breaks the glass, and of course, Snow White comes to life.

see also

• The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights
• Fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm
• Magic mirror

Notes

1. Heidi Anne Heiner. Tales Similar to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Retrieved September 22, 2010. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013.
2. this story is similar to French fairy tale"Three Bears"
3. Robert Ranke-Graves: Die weiße Göttin - Sprache des Mythos, S.474, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-499-55416-X
4. Robert Ranke-Graves: Die weiße Göttin - Sprache des Mythos, S. 306-321 und S.339, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-499-55416-X
5. Caroline Thompson: Snow White" 2001, mit Miranda Richardson und Kristin Kreuk, hier wird die Metaphorik von den sieben Zwergen und den sieben Wochentagen noch ausgeweitet auf das Motiv der sieben Farben des Regenbogens
6. Hedwig von Beit: Symbolik des Märchens. Bern 1952, S. 259
7. Patirick Burensteinas. From Matter to Light: philosopher's Stone, model of the world = De la Matière à la Lumière: Pierre philosophale, modèle du monde. - Le Mercure Dauphinois, 2009. - pp. 71-75. - 78 s. - ISBN 9782356620118.
8. Here and below are quotes from the text by Pyotr Polevoy “The Snow Maiden”.
9. Eugen Drewermann: Schneewittchen: Märchen Nr. 53 aus der Grimmschen Sammlung. In der Reihe Grimms Märchen tiefenpsychologisch gedeutet, Zürich 1998. ISBN 3-530-40021-1
10. Friedel Lenz: Bildsprache der Märchen. 2. Auflage. Urachhaus, Stuttgart 1972, ISBN 3-87838-148-4, S. 30-47
11. Lutz Röhrich: … und wenn sie nicht gestorben sind …, Anthropologie, Kulturgeschichte und Deutung von Märchen. Böhlau, Köln/Weimar/Wien 2002, ISBN 3-412-11201-1
12. Tomi Ungerer: Tomi Ungerer’s Erzählungen für Erwachsene., München 192, ISBN 3-453-05598-5
13. Snow White on the website "Fiction Laboratory"
14. Shepeleva E. Ballet with a hint of Disney // City N. - 2013. - March 26.

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Snow White Information About

• • Russians folk talesRussian folk tales The world of fairy tales is amazing. Is it possible to imagine our life without a fairy tale? A fairy tale is not just entertainment. She tells us about what is extremely important in life, teaches us to be kind and fair, to protect the weak, to resist evil, to despise cunning and flatterers. The fairy tale teaches us to be loyal, honest, and ridicules our vices: boasting, greed, hypocrisy, laziness. For centuries, tales have been passed down orally. One person came up with a fairy tale, told it to another, that person added something of his own, retold it to a third, and so on. Each time the fairy tale became better and more interesting. It turns out that the fairy tale was invented not by one person, but by many different people, people, which is why they began to call it “folk”. Fairy tales arose in ancient times. They were stories of hunters, trappers and fishermen. In fairy tales, animals, trees and grass talk like people. And in a fairy tale, everything is possible. If you want to become young, eat rejuvenating apples. We need to revive the princess - first sprinkle her with dead and then with living water... The fairy tale teaches us to distinguish good from bad, good from evil, ingenuity from stupidity. The fairy tale teaches us not to despair difficult moments and always overcome difficulties. The fairy tale teaches how important it is for every person to have friends. And the fact that if you don’t leave your friend in trouble, then he will help you too...
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  • Fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm Tales of the Brothers Grimm Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm are the greatest German storytellers. The brothers published their first collection of fairy tales in 1812. German. This collection includes 49 fairy tales. The Brothers Grimm began writing down fairy tales regularly in 1807. Fairy tales immediately gained enormous popularity among the population. Obviously, each of us has read the wonderful fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. Their interesting and educational stories awaken the imagination, and the simple language of the narrative is understandable even to little ones. Fairy tales are for readers different ages. In the collection of the Brothers Grimm there are stories that are understandable for children, but also for older people. The Brothers Grimm became interested in collecting and studying folk tales back in their student years. Three collections of “Children's and family tales” (1812, 1815, 1822) brought them fame as great storytellers. Among them are “The Town Musicians of Bremen”, “A Pot of Porridge”, “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”, “Hansel and Gretel”, “Bob, the Straw and the Ember”, “Mistress Blizzard” - about 200 fairy tales in total.
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Fairy tale Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

Brothers Grimm

Fairy tale Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs summary:

The fairy tale "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" is interesting story O beautiful girl. Her stepmother was very jealous of her stepdaughter's beauty. And often the stepmother asked the magic mirror: “Mirror, mirror on the wall, Who is the most beautiful in the whole country?” But the mirror kept telling her that Snow White was a thousand times more beautiful.

The stepmother could not stand it and sent Snow White into the forest to certain death. But there Snow White met a good seven dwarves and began to live with them. No matter how hard the evil queen tried to kill Snow White, she failed. Snow White was saved by the king's son. And they got married.

This fairy tale teaches us to live honestly, without causing harm to other people, to be hardworking and to do good. Good wins and saves, removes from evil and helps in life those who are sincere and good-natured.

Fairy tale Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs read:

On a winter day, while the snow was falling in flakes, the queen sat alone and sewed under the window, which had an ebony frame. She sewed and looked at the snow, and pricked her finger with a needle until it bled.

And the queen thought to herself: “Oh, if only I had a child white as snow, ruddy as blood, and black as ebony!”

And soon her wish was definitely fulfilled: her daughter was born - white as snow, ruddy as blood, and black-haired; and was named Snow White for her whiteness.

And as soon as the daughter was born, the queen mother died. A year later, the king married someone else.

This second wife of his was a beauty, but she was also proud and arrogant, and could not tolerate that anyone could equal her in beauty.

Moreover, she had such a magic mirror, in front of which she loved to stand, admire herself and say:

Then the mirror answered her:

You, queen, are dearer than everyone here.

And she walked away from the mirror, happy and satisfied, and knew that the mirror would not tell her a lie.

Meanwhile, Snow White grew up and became more beautiful, and already in her eighth year she was as beautiful as a clear day.

All the surrounding residents marveled at her beauty and kindness as she walked and played on the lawns near the castle.

And when the queen once asked the mirror:

Mirror, mirror, say quickly,
Who is the most beautiful here, who is the cutest?

The mirror answered her:

You, queen, are beautiful;
But Snow White is still more beautiful.

The queen was horrified, turned yellow and green with envy. From the hour she used to see Snow White, her heart was ready to burst into pieces out of anger.

And envy and pride, like weeds, began to grow in her heart and grow wider and wider, so that finally she had no peace day or night.

And then one day she called her huntsman and said:

Take this girl out into the forest so that she doesn’t come into my sight again. Kill her and, as proof that my order has been carried out, bring me her lung and liver.

The huntsman obeyed, led the girl out of the palace into the forest, and as he took out his hunting knife to pierce the innocent heart of Snow White, she began to cry and ask:

Good man, do not kill me; I will run away into the dense forest and never return home.

The huntsman took pity on the pretty girl and said:

Well, go ahead. God be with you, poor girl!

And he himself thought: “Wild animals will quickly tear you to pieces in the forest,” and yet it was as if a stone had been lifted from his heart when he spared the child.

Just at this time a young deer jumped out of the bushes; the huntsman pinned him, took out his lung and liver and brought them to the queen as proof that her order had been carried out.

The cook was ordered to salt and cook them, and the evil woman ate them, imagining that she was eating Snow White’s lung and liver.

And so the poor thing found herself in deep forest alone, and she became so scared that she examined every leaf on the trees, and did not know what to do and what to do.

And she started to run, and ran over sharp stones and thorny bushes, and animals scurried past her back and forth, but did not cause her any harm.

When Snow White sat down to rest, the forest animals played with her cheerfully and told her which way to go next.

Everything in this hut was small, but so clean and beautiful that it was impossible to say.

In the middle of the hut there was a table with seven small plates, and on each plate there was a spoon, and then seven knives and forks, and with each utensil there was a glass. Near the table there were seven little beds in a row, covered with snow-white bed linen.

Snow White, who was very hungry and thirsty, tasted vegetables and bread from each plate and drank a drop of wine from each glass, because she did not want to take everything away from one.

Then, tired from walking, she tried to lie down on one of the beds; but not a single one suited her; one was too long, the other was too short, and only the seventh was just right for her. She lay down in it and fell asleep.

And in this house lived kind, cheerful gnomes.

When it became completely dark, its owners came to the hut - seven gnomes who were rummaging in the mountains, mining ore.

They lit their seven candles, and when it became light in the hut, they saw that someone had visited them, because not everything was in the order in which they had left everything in their home.

The first one said:

Who was sitting on my chair?

Who ate my plate?

Who broke off a piece of my bread?

Fourth:

Who tasted my food?

Who ate my fork?

Sixth: - Who cut me with my knife?

Who drank from my glass?

Then the first one turned around and saw that there was a small fold on his bed; he immediately said:

Who touched my bed?

Everyone else ran to the beds and shouted:

Someone was lying in mine, and in mine too!

And the seventh, looking into his bed, saw Snow White lying in it sleeping. He called the others, and they came running and began to exclaim in amazement, and brought their seven candles to the crib to illuminate Snow White.

Oh my god! - they exclaimed. - How beautiful this little one is! - and everyone was so happy about her arrival that they did not dare to wake her up, and left her alone on that bed.

And the seventh gnome decided to spend the night like this: in the crib of each of his comrades he had to sleep for one hour.

When morning came, Snow White woke up and, seeing seven dwarfs, got scared. They treated her very kindly and asked her:

What is your name?

“My name is Snow White,” she answered.

How did you get into our house? - the gnomes asked her.

Then she told them that her stepmother had ordered to kill her, but the huntsman spared her - and so she ran all day until she came across their hut.

The gnomes told her:

Would you like to look after our household chores - cook, do our laundry, make our beds, sew and knit?

And if you do all this skillfully and neatly, then you can stay with us for a long time and will not lack anything.

If you please,” answered Snow White, “with great pleasure.”

And she stayed with them to live.

She kept the dwarves' house in great order; in the morning they usually went into the mountains in search of copper and gold.

And Snow White worked at home around the house - fetching water, putting things in order, preparing food.

In the evening, after working in the mountains, the gnomes returned to their hut, and then food was always ready for them.

After dinner the dwarfs and Snow White played funny Games, sang and danced.

Sometimes Snow White and the gnomes went into the forest to take a walk, have fun, pick mushrooms and berries, and play with the forest animals, with whom Snow White and the gnomes were friends.

When the dwarfs went to work in the morning, Snow White remained alone in the house all day.

That’s why the good gnomes warned her every time before leaving and said:

Beware of your stepmother! She will soon find out where you are, so don’t let anyone into the house but us.

And the queen stepmother, after she ate Snow White’s lung and liver, suggested that she was now the first beauty in the whole country, and said:

Mirror, mirror, say quickly,
Who is the most beautiful here, who is the cutest?

Then the mirror answered her:

You, queen, are beautiful,

The Queen was afraid; she knew that the mirror never lied, and she realized that the hound had deceived her and that Snow White was alive.

And she began to think about how she could get rid of her stepdaughter, because envy haunted her and she certainly wanted to be the first beauty in the whole country.

When she finally came up with something, she painted her face, dressed as an old merchant and became completely unrecognizable.

In this form, she set off on a journey beyond the seven mountains to the hut of the seven dwarfs, knocked on their door and shouted:

The goods are different, cheap, for sale!

Snow White looked out of the window and shouted to the merchant:

Hello, auntie, what are you selling?

“Good goods, of the first quality,” answered the merchant, “laces, multi-colored ribbons,” and she pulled out one lace woven from colorful silk for display.

“Well, of course, I can let this merchant in here,” thought Snow White, unlocked the door and bought herself a beautiful cord.

“Uh, child,” the old woman said to Snow White, “who do you look like!” Come here, let yourself be laced properly!

Snow White did not assume anything bad, turned her back to the old woman and let her lace herself with a new lace: she laced herself quickly and so tightly that Snow White immediately lost her breath and she fell to the ground dead.

Well, now you will no longer be the first beauty! - said the evil stepmother and left hastily.

Soon after, in the evening, the seven dwarfs returned home and were so frightened when they saw Snow White stretched out on the ground; Moreover, she did not move or move, she was as if dead.

They lifted her up and, seeing that she had died from lacing too tightly, they immediately cut the lace, and she began to breathe again, at first little by little, and then came to life completely.

When the dwarves heard from her what had happened to her, they said:

This old merchant was your stepmother, the godless queen; Be careful and don’t let anyone into the house in our absence.

And the evil woman, returning home, approached the mirror and asked:

Mirror, mirror, say quickly,
Who is the most beautiful here, who is the cutest?

And the mirror still answered her:

You, queen, are beautiful,
But still Snow White is behind the mountain

Lives in the house of the mountain gnomes,
Many will surpass you in beauty.

Hearing this, the evil stepmother was so frightened that all her blood rushed to her heart: she realized that Snow White had come to life again.

Well, now,” she said, “I’ll come up with something that will finish you off right away!” - and with the help of various charms in which she was skilled, she made a poisonous comb.

Then she changed clothes and took on the image of another old woman.

She went over the seven mountains to the house of the seven dwarves, knocked on their door and began to shout:

Goods, goods for sale!

Snow White looked out of the window and said:

Come in, I don’t dare let anyone into the house.

Well, it’s probably not forbidden for you to look at the goods,” said the old woman, pulled out a poisonous comb and showed it to Snow White.

The girl liked the comb so much that she opened the door to the merchant.

When they agreed on the price, the old woman said:

Let me comb your hair properly.

Nothing bad even occurred to poor Snow White, and she gave the old woman complete freedom to comb her hair as she pleased; but as soon as she put the comb in her hair, its poisonous properties took effect, and Snow White lost consciousness.

Come on, you perfection of beauty! - said the evil woman. “Now I’m done with you,” and she walked away.

Fortunately, this happened in the evening, when the dwarves were returning home.

When they saw that Snow White was lying dead on the ground, they immediately suspected the stepmother, began to search and found a poisonous comb in the girl’s hair, and as soon as they took it out.

Snow White came to her senses and told everything that happened to her. Then they once again warned her to be careful and not open the door to anyone.

And again the life of Snow White and the dwarves continued as before. But before leaving for work in the mountains, the gnomes began to check every time that everything was well locked. After all, no evil queen could penetrate through the locked doors of the magic gnomes’ house.

Meanwhile, the queen, having returned home, stood in front of the mirror and said:

Mirror, mirror, say quickly,
Who is the most beautiful here, who is the cutest?

And the mirror answered her, as before:

You, queen, are beautiful,
But still Snow White is behind the mountain
Lives in the house of the mountain gnomes,
Many will surpass you in beauty.

When the queen heard this, she trembled with rage.

Snow White must die! - she exclaimed. - Even if I had to die with her!

Then she retired to a secret room, into which no one but her entered, and there she prepared a terrible poison.

Then I made a poisonous, poisonous apple. In appearance, the apple was wonderful, plump, with ruddy barrels, so that everyone, looking at it, wanted to taste it, but just take a bite and you will die.

When the apple was made, the queen painted her face, dressed as a peasant and went over the seven mountains to the seven dwarves.

She knocked at their house, and Snow White stuck her head out the window and said:

I don’t dare let anyone in here, the seven dwarves forbade me to do so.

What do I care about that? - answered the peasant woman. - Where can I go with my apples? Here's one thing I think I'll give you as a gift.

No,” answered Snow White, “I dare not accept anything.”

Aren't you afraid of poison? - asked the peasant woman. - So, look, I’ll cut the apple in half: you can eat the rosy half, and I’ll eat the other half myself.

And her apple was so skillfully prepared that only the rosy half of it was poisoned.

Snow White really wanted to taste this wonderful apple, and when she saw that the peasant woman was eating her half, she could no longer resist this desire, stretched out her hand from the window and took the poisoned half of the apple.

But as soon as she took a bite of it, she fell dead on the floor. Then the queen stepmother looked at her with malicious eyes, laughed loudly and said:

Here you are, white as snow, and blush as blood, and black as ebony! Well, this time the gnomes won’t be able to revive you!

And when she came home, she stood in front of the mirror and asked:

Mirror, mirror, say quickly,
Who is the most beautiful here, who is the cutest? —

The mirror finally answered her:

You, queen, are the cutest here.

Only then did her envious heart calm down, as far as an envious heart can calm down.

The dwarves, returning home in the evening, found Snow White stretched out on the floor, lifeless, dead.

They raised her, began to look for the cause of her death - they looked for poison, unlaced her dress, combed her hair, washed her with water and wine; however, nothing could help her. Snow White was dead and remained dead.

They put her in a coffin and, all seven of them sitting around her body, began to mourn and mourned for exactly three days in a row.

They were already planning to bury her, but she seemed fresh in appearance, as if alive, even her cheeks glowed with the same wonderful blush.

The dwarves said:

No, we cannot lower it into the dark depths of the earth.

And they ordered another, transparent crystal coffin for her, put Snow White in it, so that she could be seen from all sides, and on the lid they wrote her name in gold letters and that she was the king's daughter.

Then they carried the coffin to the top of the mountain, and one of the dwarves remained with it constantly on guard.

And even animals, even birds, approaching the coffin, mourned Snow White: first an owl flew in, then a raven and finally a dove.

And for a long, long time Snow White lay in the coffin and did not change, and seemed as if sleeping, and was still white as snow, blush as blood, black as ebony.

It happened one day that the king’s son drove into that forest and drove up to the dwarves’ house, intending to spend the night there. He saw the coffin on the mountain and the beautiful Snow White in the coffin and read what was written on the lid of the coffin in gold letters.

Then he said to the dwarves:

Give me the coffin, I will give you whatever you want for it.

But the little people answered:

We won't give it up for all the gold in the world.

But the prince did not retreat:

So give it to me, I can’t get enough of Snow White: it seems that life wouldn’t be nice to me without her! Give it as a gift - and I will honor and appreciate her as a dear friend!

The good gnomes took pity on hearing such a hot speech from the lips of the prince, and gave him Snow White’s coffin.

The prince ordered his servants to carry the coffin on their shoulders. They carried him and tripped over some twig, and from this shock the piece of poisoned apple that she had bitten jumped out of Snow White’s throat.

As a piece of apple jumped out, she opened her eyes, lifted the lid of the coffin, and she herself stood up in it, alive and well.

My God! Where am I? - she exclaimed.

The prince said joyfully:

Snow White agreed. The gnomes and all the forest animals had a big celebration.

Then Snow White and the prince went to the prince's castle, which was located nearby.

Their wedding was celebrated with great splendor and splendor.

Snow White's evil stepmother was also invited to this celebration. As soon as she dressed up for the wedding, she stood in front of the mirror and said:

Mirror, mirror, say quickly,
Who is the most beautiful here, who is the cutest?

But the mirror answered:

You, queen, are beautiful,
But the newlywed is still more beautiful.

The evil woman, hearing this, said terrible curse, and then suddenly she became so scared, so scared that she couldn’t control herself.

At first she didn’t want to go to the wedding at all, but she couldn’t calm down and went to see the young queen.

As soon as she crossed the threshold of the wedding chamber, she recognized the queen as Snow White. Out of anger, the heart of the cruel queen-stepmother stopped, and she died. Only no one regretted this.

Since then, Snow White and the prince lived happily and joyfully, and no one interfered with their happiness.

Sometimes Snow White and the prince, together with their children, went to visit the gnomes or invited them to their place - after all, they became such close friends.