International Day of Memorable and Historical Sites. International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites

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Class hour "International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites"

Tasks

1. Introduce students to the International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites.

2. Contribute to the formation of students’ information culture, understanding of information as a means of developing their own horizons.

3. Foster a respectful attitude towards the cultural traditions of Russia and the world.

Equipment: presentation,multimedia projector.

Class progress

Presenter 1 Each person studies the history of his country not only from textbooks, tales and legends, but also from those preserved monuments of history and culture, which are so rich in all countries of the world.

Presenter 2 Sometimes people, if you can call them that, thinklessly treat the heritage of past civilizations: they destroy monuments of architecture and art - paintings, buildings - masterpieces of world civilization. Apparently, this is why states and peoples are making attempts to preserve what was created by past civilizations.

Presenter 1 And this one Classroom hour we dedicate International Day monuments and historical places.

This day was established in 1983 by the assembly of the International Council for the Protection of Monuments and Sites, created by UNESCO. It has been officially celebrated since April 18, 1984.

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Presenter 2 IN different countries around the world, it is customary to mark this date with various events dedicated to the preservation world heritage. Many museums can be visited for free on this day; tourists also receive unique opportunity visit historical buildings and architectural complexes that are closed to the public at other times.

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Presenter 1 It should be noted that in Russia until the 18th century there was no such thing as a “monument”. Only religious shrines were protected by the state and revered by the people. Unfortunately, a significant part of the works ancient Russian art was lost as a result of numerous fires and wars. Sharp changes in the ideological course in the country also led to the destruction of historical monuments.

Presenter 2 Our state began to pay attention to the protection of antiquities only in the 18th century. Peter I ordered the collection and preservation of ancient objects. However, he also introduced a course in Russia towards Western countries, which caused the oblivion of our centuries-old traditions. Russian society of that era was absolutely not interested in ancient Russian monuments.

Already during the reign of Nicholas I, it was forbidden to destroy the buildings of fortress architecture. It was to this time that the first attempts to carry out restoration work and recreate some historical monuments date back.

Presenter 1 Before the revolution, various societies were formed in Russia that were engaged in the protection and study of monuments. Highest value among them was the Odessa Society for the History of Antiquities. Museums, church archaeological societies, ancient repositories, etc. also contributed to the preservation of monuments.

Then the revolutionary upheavals began and Civil War, which greatly changed the people’s attitude towards monuments of art and antiquity. The old began to be mercilessly destroyed, divisions and spontaneous pogroms of estates began, numerous churches and monasteries were occupied by various organizations or even destroyed. There is an urgent need to save the priceless cultural heritage of Russia. At this time, a state system for the protection of monuments was formed.

Presenter 2 In the Soviet Union, a new decree was issued in 1924. Then the People's Commissariat for Education obliged the executive committees to monitor the safety of burial grounds, ancient settlements, burial mounds, monuments and other historical places. Moreover, it was necessary to protect not only the monuments themselves, but also the territory adjacent to them. It could not be used for economic purposes.

Then mass construction and economic development of land began in the country. Its vast scope led to the need to change this document; more and more free space was required. Therefore, in 1934, a new decree was issued that abolished the prohibitive measures of the previous Decree.

Presenter 1 Attitude to historical cultural heritage changed again for the worse. Active sales of museum and art treasures abroad began.

For the sake of urban improvement, churches and entire blocks of old buildings were demolished.

In wartime a large number of historical values was destroyed. The state at that time had no time to preserve them. After the end of the war, it was necessary to restore the country, and at the same time interest in the historical and cultural heritage flared up again.

Various special government organizations began to protect monuments.

Presenter 2 In 1966, the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments was formed. This public organization brought together numerous lovers of antiquity and history. In 1976, a law was adopted concerning the protection and use of historical monuments. But, in practice, it didn't work.

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Presenter 1 Historical monuments of Russia, according to 2014 data, represent an extensive list of 1007 units, varying in significance. Each object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation has a certain degree of artistic value. Certain historical monuments of Russia are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Today, there are 26 such objects, of which 10 belong to the cultural sphere, 6 are recognized as masterpieces of world significance, and another 10 are natural phenomena on the territory of the Russian Federation with signs of special aesthetic appeal.

Presenter 2 Twenty-four Russian monuments are at the stage of entry into UNESCO registers within the framework of the 1988 Convention for the Protection of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Historical monuments that are under state protection are, first of all, objects of special significance that have the status of inviolability.

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Presenter 1 There are a number of Russian textbook cultural objects that are familiar to every citizen. These are historical monuments, known not only in Russia, but also abroad. Their importance is difficult to overestimate. First of all, these are the historical monuments of Moscow, including St. Basil's Cathedral, Red Square, the Kremlin, the monument to Minin and Pozharsky. All of them are concentrated in the center of the Russian capital. Other historical monuments of Moscow are located at some distance, but this does not detract from their dignity. All cultural sites protected by the government.

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Presenter 2 Historical monuments of the world are located in different points planets. This is the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Reichstag in Berlin, the Taj Mahal in India, the pyramids of the pharaohs in Egypt and many others. Historical monuments are never destroyed, except for the barbaric terrorist acts of extreme extremists. A civilized society treats the heritage of the past with respect; historical monuments are protected and maintained in proper condition. For this purpose, there are various public and private funds for the preservation of cultural objects.

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Presenter 1 Monuments historical heritage usually go back hundreds of years. The most vulnerable part of the cultural layer is the masterpieces of architecture, which suffer from unfavorable climatic conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to protect cultural and historical architectural monuments from destruction. Some of them are left to nature, such as the world famous Colosseum. This monument is recognized as a world heritage largely due to its dilapidated forms.

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Presenter 2 For the most part, historical cultural monuments are maintained in good condition, since they are active exhibits of the World Cultural Heritage Exhibition. Such objects include the Intercession Cathedral in Moscow, Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Sergiev Posad churches.

In general, all cultural and historical monuments of Russia are under state protection and under the supervision of relevant structures. Government guardianship authorities are doing everything to preserve the masterpieces that make up the country's Golden Fund.

Presenter 1 Cultural assets are divided into categories that include rarities and masterpieces from different eras. Monuments that have historical meaning, form a separate group, although they are located in different places.

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Presenter 2 They can be divided into the following categories :

Architectural monuments (for example, Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg).

Monuments of Glory (Motherland in Volgograd).Slide 10

Monument to the Motherland in Volgograd

The Motherland Monument is a gorgeous monument located in the city of Volgograd. The monument represents a woman with a sword raised in the air, encouraging everyone to rise up against the enemy. The monument is an interpretation famous image the ancient goddess of victory Nike. The statue is also the center of the ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”.

At the time of completion of construction, the monument was the tallest in the world. The height of the monument is 87 meters, and the height of the woman is 52 meters.

Presenter 1 The entire sculpture stands on only a two-meter slab, which in turn rests on a relatively small foundation 16 meters deep. The statue stands like a figure on chessboard, and does not wobble, we must pay tribute to the engineers of that time, after all, they knew how to build for centuries. The thickness of the reinforced concrete walls of the statue is only 25-30 centimeters, and inside the monument consists of small windows, and the rigidity of the tower is supported by constantly tense iron ropes. The structure of the sculpture can be compared to the structure of bones in birds.

Presenter 2 The total weight of the structure is 7,900 tons. The Motherland monument has become a real calling card of Volgograd. The monument is surrounded by an artificially created Walk of Fame; specifically, 200 granite steps lead to the monument along the walk, which is exactly how long the Battle of Stalingrad lasted. In this photo you see that the statue was made with an open mouth. When Vuchetich was asked why the monument’s mouth was open, because it was not beautiful, he said the following in response: “And she screams - for the Motherland... your mother!”

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Presenter 1 The statue rises above the city and symbolizes it both day and night; at night the Motherland is illuminated. IN dark time days, the Motherland can be seen for tens of kilometers around. Since 2008, the Motherland monument has become one of the seven wonders of Russia.

Presenter 2 But unfortunately, you and I are in danger of losing such a grandiose monument. The fact is that due to groundwater under the statue, the Motherland is gradually tilting, examinations were carried out and scientists came to the conclusion that if the tilt of the statue increases by at least another 3 cm, then the tower will inevitably collapse. When developing the flag and coat of arms of the Volgograd region, the silhouette of the Motherland monument became the basis of the image.

Leading 1 For a long time It remained a mystery from which woman the sketch was taken to create such a monument. Currently 83 people live in Volgograd summer woman who once, back in 1958, posed for the great architect. Valentina Ivanovna Izotova never liked to dwell on this topic, and the profession of “model” was not held in high esteem during the Soviet years, to put it mildly.

Leading 2 She was working as a waitress when the sculptor Lev Maistrenko approached her and offered to pose, since Valentina Ivanovna was raising two daughters, of course she always needed money, so she agreed. And besides, the girl was rewarded by nature with a good “Soviet” appearance. Valentina Ivanovna was then 26 years old, now she not only regrets the act of her youth, but even, on the contrary, is proud that her figure has become so famous.

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Presenter 1

Monuments historical characters(The Bronze Horseman is an equestrian statue of Peter I in St. Petersburg).

Monument "Millennium of Russia"

The monument "Millennium of Russia" was erected in Veliky Novgorod opposite the St. Sophia Cathedral and the former building of the Government Places in 1862 in honor of the thousandth anniversary of the legendary calling of the Varangians to Rus'. The anniversary of its opening is celebrated these September days.

Presenter 2 The authors of the monument project are sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin, Ivan Schroeder and architect Victor Hartman. To create a monument-symbol of Russian history, a competition was announced, to which several dozen works were submitted. The winner was the project of young sculptors - M. O. Mikeshin, who graduated from the Academy just a year ago, and I. N. Schroeder, a volunteer student in the sculpture class of the Academy of Arts.

Presenter 1 In this monument - thousand-year history Russia, its rulers and commanders, statesmen and people of culture and art, it reflected the spirit of Russia. The monument is made in the form of a ball-power mounted on a pedestal in the form of a bell (blagovest), and 6 sculptural groups.

An angel with a cross in his hand and Russia, a kneeling woman on an orb, crown the composition of the monument: “To the accomplished millennium of the Russian kingdom in the prosperous reign of Emperor Alexander II in the summer of 1862.”

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Presenter 2 middle part The monument symbolizes various periods of the history of the Russian state: the calling of the Varangians to Rus' (862), the baptism of Rus' (988-989), the beginning of the expulsion of the Tatars (Battle of Kulikovo, 1380), the founding of the autocratic Russian kingdom (1491), the beginning of the Romanov dynasty ( 1613), formation of the Russian Empire (1721).

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Presenter 1 Lower tier(frieze) contains high reliefs 109 historical figures:

“Enlighteners” (31 figures), “Statemen” (26 figures), “Military people and heroes”, “Writers and artists” (16 figures).

The history of the first millennium of Rus', contained in one monument, as a visual aid to the history of government, wars, politics, art...

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Presenter 2 There are legends about some monuments.

For example, there are many legends regarding the fate of the Bronze Horseman monument; on the pages of Pushkin’s “The Bronze Horseman” it comes to life and haunts the main character Eugene.

In post-Petrine times there was a saying: “A fool catches up with a smart man, but Issaki gets in the way.” It is about monuments to Peter the Great (smart) and Nicholas the First (according to his compatriots and peers, the emperor really was not a man of very great intelligence). Well, Issaki is St. Isaac’s Cathedral.

Presenter 1 There is a legend that in 1812, when St. Petersburg was in danger of a Napoleonic invasion, Alexander I ordered the removal of the statue of Peter I to Vologda province. At this time, a certain Major Baturin had a dream that he was standing on Senate Square at the monument to Peter I and sees that the rider suddenly rides off the pedestal and heads towards the palace of Alexander I. The concerned emperor comes out to him, and Peter tells him the following: “Young man, what have you brought my Russia to! But while I’m in place, the city I have nothing to fear!" Baturin allegedly obtained a reception from Prince Golitsyn, to whom he recounted his dream and asked to convey it to the Tsar. According to legend, Alexander reversed his decision to evacuate and the statue remained in place. And never did the boot of an enemy soldier touch St. Petersburg soil.

Presenter 2 There is also interesting legend monument “Bronze Horseman”, that during his lifetime Peter the Great, on his horse (which became the prototype of the Bronze Horseman’s horse) in the place where the monument is now erected, was able to jump over the Neva (and in that place the river spills quite widely). This happened according to the Russian tradition “on a dare”, the hot-tempered and wayward emperor was dissuaded, but he resolutely jumped on his horse and with the words: “God and I!”, he pulled the reins and a moment later found himself on the opposite side of the Neva, inspired by his success, he He immediately turned around and, with an exclamation: “Me and God!”, repeated the attempt to jump, but the horse, not having flown even half the distance, plunged into the icy abyss, from where the emperor was pulled out by peasants on a boat. From then on, the emperor truly became confident in God’s power and never again allowed himself to be placed above the Lord and henceforth forbade his subjects to do the same.

Leading 1 We are not destined to know how accurate and true these legends are, but we believe that this is how it happened.

During the Great Patriotic War The Bronze Horseman monument was covered with sandbags and sheathed with wooden sheets and was not particularly damaged.

The inscription on the Bronze Horseman monument - a monument to Peter the Great: “Peter I Catherine II Summer 1782” is made in Russian and Latin.

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Presenter 2

Statues as images of personalities who left a mark on history (Alexander I, St. Isaac's Square in St. Petersburg).

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Thematic monuments (Sevastopol Bay, memorial to lost ships).

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Monument to the Scuttled Ships

Erected in memory of the ships sacrificed to protect Sevastopol from enemy attacks from the sea.

A few meters from the embankment of Primorsky Boulevard, on a three-meter cliff made of roughly processed granite blocks, a slender Corinthian column rises. It is crowned by a bronze eagle with outstretched wings. With his head bowed, he holds a laurel wreath in his paws. The inscription on the pedestal reads: “In memory of the ships sunk in 1854-1855 to block the entrance to the roadstead.” The total height of the monument is 16.66 m.

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Presenter 1 Opposite the monument, on the wall of the Primorsky Boulevard embankment, anchors from sunken ships are strengthened.

Built in 1905 in connection with the 50th anniversary of the first heroic defense, the monument is dedicated to one of the mournful and heroic episodes of this epic.

After the landing of the Anglo-Franco-Turkish army in September 1854 and the defeat of Russian troops on the Alma River, the situation in Sevastopol became very difficult. Fearing that the enemy fleet would break through to the roadstead or attack from the sea, the Russian command decided to scuttle some of the outdated sailing ships on the entrance fairway. Fire from coastal batteries and sunken ships made the Northern Bay inaccessible to the enemy fleet.

Presenter 2 In the order of V.A. Kornilov on the fleet on September 11, 1854 said: “... It’s sad to destroy our work: we spent a lot of effort to keep the ships doomed to the victim in an enviable order, but we must submit to necessity. Moscow was burning, and Rus' from this didn't die..."

This majestic and proud monument is one of the most beloved by Sevastopol residents and guests of the city.

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Presenter 1

Natural monumental formations (Krasnoyarsk pillars).

Slide 21 On the territory of Russia there are special cultural formations, having ethnographic value. These are cities with an unusual historical past. An example is the monument city of Yeniseisk, which went through several eras in its development. Since the thirteenth century it was divided and united, it became the center of the fur trade, then it was shaken by the gold rush. Places of heroic battles are also considered historical monument cities: Kursk, Sevastopol, Volgograd and others. “No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten” is their motto that has passed through the decades

Presenter 2

Famous Russian monuments

The historical center of St. Petersburg with several cultural monuments: the Winter Palace (Hermitage), Palace Square, Alexander Column.Slide 22

Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg by architect A.N. Voronikhin (years of construction - 1801 - 1811). Erected to store the icon of the Mother of God of Kazan. In 1812, the Russian army left the cathedral to fight Napoleon. Emperor Paul I was married in the temple. The Kazan Cathedral, among other things, serves as the tomb of Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov.Slide 23

Moscow Kremlin with museum complexes and churches.Slide 24

Presenter 1

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Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon

The Moscow Kremlin is a real treasury of monuments of Russian history and culture. Some of them are the Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon. They are famous not only for their size, but also amazing story…

The Tsar Bell was ordered to be cast by Empress Anna Ioannovna. At her request, foreign craftsmen were supposed to do this, but when they heard the required dimensions of the bell, they considered the empress’s desire... a joke! Well, who cares, and who cares. The father and son of Motorina, bell masters, began work. It didn’t take them as long to create the project as the subsequent approval by the Moscow Senate office, which lasted for 3 whole years! The first attempt to cast a bell was unsuccessful and ended in an explosion and destruction of the furnace structure, and after this one of the craftsmen, Father Ivan Motorin, died. The second casting of the bell was carried out by the master’s son Mikhail Motorin, and three months later, on November 25, 1735, the birth of the famous bell took place. The bell weighed about 202 tons, its height was 6 meters 14 centimeters, and its diameter was 6 meters 60 centimeters.

Presenter 2

They took a cast, but didn’t pick it up! During a fire in 1737, a piece weighing more than 11 tons broke off from the bell, which was still in the smelting pit. The Tsar Bell was lifted from the foundry pit only in 1836, thanks to Montferrand, who knew a lot about lifting heavy structures. However, Rus' never heard the voice of the Tsar Bell...

The Tsar Cannon on Ivanovskaya Square is considered a monument to Russian artillery. The length of the bronze gun is 5 meters 34 centimeters, the barrel diameter is 120 centimeters, the caliber is 890 millimeters, and the weight is almost 40 tons. The formidable weapon was supposed to guard the Moscow Kremlin from the Execution Ground, but, according to weapons experts, its power was suitable for destroying fortress walls, but not for defense. Cast by the famous foundry master Andrei Chokhov in 1586 under Fyodor Ioannovich, it never took part in hostilities. According to legend, they fired from it only once - with the ashes of False Demetrius.

Mother Rus', everything is special for her - and the Tsar Cannon does not fire and the Tsar Bell does not announce good news...

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Red Square, Intercession Cathedral, monument to Minin and Pozharsky, GUM, Mausoleum, Historical Museum.

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Temple of the Intercession Mother of God

On the Day of the Intercession of the Mother of God in 1552, Russian troops stormed Kazan, the capital of the Kazan Khanate. In honor of this event, Ivan the Terrible ordered the construction of the Church of the Intercession in Moscow. How many legends and traditions are associated with it...

Previously, another church stood on this site - the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, where St. Basil the Blessed, the most revered holy fool in Rus', was buried, collecting alms for the construction of this temple. Later, others began to be built around the Trinity Church - in honor of the most significant victories of Russian weapons. When there were already about ten of them, Moscow Metropolitan Macarius came to Ivan the Terrible with a request to build one large temple on this site.

Presenter 1

The central tent of the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God was consecrated first, then a small church was completed on the grave of the holy fool, and the temple began to be called St. Basil's Cathedral. The cathedral symbolizes Heavenly Jerusalem - its 8 chapters create the eight-pointed star of Bethlehem. According to legend, at the end of construction, which lasted 6 years, the king, delighted unprecedented beauty temple, asked the builders if they could do something similar. The price for an affirmative answer was the blinding of the craftsmen by order of the sovereign, so that there would be nothing more beautiful on earth...

Presenter 2

Several times they tried to destroy the Temple, services in it were banned and allowed again, but it survived for centuries, just as the Russian land resisted all troubles.

The Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God is a beautiful and many-sided holy Rus'.

Slide 28 Cultural complex"Solovetsky Islands" in the White Sea, included in the UNESCO heritage list in 1992.

Slide 29 Architectural ensemble Kizhi Pogost: Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior with twenty-three chapters, a masterpiece of Russian church wooden architecture of the early 18th century. Church of the Intercession with a unique collection of icons and a bell tower of a later construction. (video )

Slide 30 The ancient city of Novgorod and its surroundings, which includes four monasteries: Yuriev, Zverin, Antoniev and Znamensky. Church of the Nativity on Red Field.

Slide 31 The Astrakhan Kremlin is a fortification built by order of Ivan the Terrible in 1558. On its territory are located: the Assumption Cathedral (five-domed, with an arched gallery), the Cyril Chapel, the Prechistensky Gate with a bell tower, the bishop's house church, the consistory, the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, the architectural complex "Trinity-Sergius Lavra" in Sergiev Posad.

Slide 32 The historical center of Yaroslavl dates back a thousand years. The main buildings were erected during the town planning reform of Catherine II in 1763. In 2005, the city was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Yaroslavl – founded as a fortress at the confluence of the Volga and Kotorosl rivers in 1010. Prince Yaroslav named the city, as the chronicle says, “in his own name.” Later Yaroslavl became large shopping center. Yaroslavl icon painters were especially famous for creating an original school.

The Cathedral of the Transfiguration Monastery is the oldest surviving building in Yaroslavl. It was built in the 17th century, the cathedral has elongated domes and there is not a single similar facade.

For this, supporters of strict church canons called the temple the “Tower of Babel.” The temple served as a burial vault for the Yaroslavl princes, and in its northern part there was a monastery library, where at the end of the 18th century Count Alexei Musin-Pushkin found the manuscript “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.”

There are many churches in Yaroslavl. And each one is unique. For example, the Church of Elijah the Prophet - business card city - was built in the mid-17th century. The treasure of the church is its frescoes. Since the 17th century, due to their sheer beauty, they have never been “recorded.”

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Ancient city Pskov. Since 1348, it was considered the capital of the independent Pskov Republic. In 1510 it was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Currently it is a center of tourist pilgrimage. Among the attractions, the following stand out: the Kremlin, the Pogankin Chambers, the Pskov Fortress, the Holy Trinity Cathedral, the Mirozhsky Monastery.

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Izmailovo is an architectural monument, a former royal estate. In 1812, the main building was damaged during Napoleon's invasion. Thirty-eight years later, a military almshouse was opened in Izmailovo, which was housed in new buildings specially built for this purpose.

Slide 35 Vladimir-Suzdal Historical and Artistic Reserve, part of the Golden Ring of Russia. It contains unique architectural monuments of the 12th–13th centuries, white stone masterpieces, the importance of which is difficult to overestimate.

Slide 36 Tanais is a museum-reserve of archeology. Located at the mouth of the Don. The territory of the reserve is about three thousand hectares, it contains historical and cultural monuments of antiquity, dating back to the Paleolithic era. The museum's exhibitions, among other things, reflect the heyday of ancient Greek civilization.

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Famous natural monuments

Presenter 1

Lake Baikal - nature reserve of world significance - the deepest on the planet. It has a unique self-cleaning ability.

Slide 38 Baikal. An amazingly beautiful lake, a unique creation of nature, crystal clear water... Probably every person has, to a greater or lesser extent, heard about the deepest lake on our planet. What else do you know about Baikal?
Baikal is located almost in the very center of Eurasia, among the high ridges of the Baikal mountain region. The lake stretches 636 km in length and 80 km in width. The area of Baikal is 31,470 km 2, which is comparable to the area of Belgium (in this European country with large cities and industrial centers home to almost 10 million people). The maximum depth of the lake - 1637 km - rightfully allows us to call Baikal the deepest in the world (average depth - 730 m). African Lake Tanganyika, one of the deepest lakes on the planet, is 200 m behind Lake Baikal. Of the thirty islands, Olkhon is the largest.
Presenter 2

Baikal is filled with three hundred and thirty-six permanent rivers and streams, with half of the water brought by the Selenga. One single river flows out of the lake - the Angara. To estimate the volume of Lake Baikal, imagine that under ideal conditions (assuming not a single drop falls or evaporates from the surface), the Angara, which carries out 60.9 km 3 of water annually, will need 387 years of continuous operation to drain the lake!
In addition, Baikal is the oldest lake on our planet; its age, according to various estimates, is 20-30 million years.
Presenter 1

Clean, transparent Baikal water, saturated with oxygen, has long been considered healing. Thanks to the activity of living microorganisms living in it, the water is slightly mineralized (almost distilled), which explains its crystal transparency. In spring, water transparency reaches 40 meters!

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Presenter 2

Baikal is a repository of 20% of world and 90% of Russian reserves fresh water. For comparison, this is more than the water reserves of the five Great American Lakes combined! The Baikal ecosystem produces about 60 km 3 clean water in year.
Amazing and diverse animal and vegetable world Lake Baikal, which makes it unique in this regard among other fresh lakes. Who hasn't heard of the famous Baikal omul? In addition to this, the lake is home to whitefish, lenok, and taimen - representatives of the salmon family. Sturgeon, grayling, pike, carp, catfish, cod, perch - this is not the entire list of fish families living in Baikal. It is impossible not to mention the Baikal seal, which is the only representative of mammals in the lake. In autumn, on the rocky shores you can see numerous breeding grounds of these Baikal seals. The seal is not the only inhabitant of the coasts; many gulls, mergansers, goldeneyes, scoters, scorches, white-tailed eagles, ospreys and other birds nest along the coasts and on the islands. In addition to all of the above, on Lake Baikal you can observe a massive emergence of brown bears onto the shores.
Presenter 1

The flora and fauna of Baikal is endemic. 848 species of animals (15%) and 133 species of plants (15%) are not found in any body of water on Earth.
The uniqueness and beauty of Baikal every year attracts an increasing number of tourists, including foreign ones. This is also facilitated by developing infrastructure. Therefore, the main task is to preserve the integrity of the lake’s ecosystem.

Presenter 2

Slide 40 Volcanoes of Kamchatka, of the total number of which 29 are active. Some of them last erupted four thousand years ago, but they cannot be called extinct, since there is boiling lava in the depths. Steam and gases periodically escape from the crater of such a volcano, which means that it is in the stage of fumarolic activity.

Slide 41 Gold Altai Mountains- a unique landscape formation consisting of rocky hills of indescribable beauty, spread over an area of sixteen thousand square kilometers. Natural monument included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.

Altai Mountains , being the main mountainous region in the south Western Siberia, form the sources of the largest rivers in this region - the Ob and Irtysh. The total area is 1.64 million hectares. The region demonstrates the widest range of altitudinal zones within Central Siberia: from steppes, forest-steppes and mixed forests to subalpine and alpine meadows and glaciers. The area is home to endangered animals such as the snow leopard.

Slide 42 The Curonian Spit is a narrow sandy strip 98 kilometers long, connecting Lithuanian Klaipeda with the Kaliningrad region and separating the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea.

Curonian Spit - a truly unique corner of planet Earth. A narrow strip separates the salty Baltic Sea and the freshwater Curonian Lagoon. Only on the Curonian Spit can you see sandy deserts and meadows covered with moss and lichen, wet alder forests and dry ones in one day pine forests, tall pine trees and low-growing thickets of mountain pine, broad-leaved forest and southern taiga, sandy mountains and flat fields, mobile and fixed dunes, high and low-lying swamps, sandy beaches, stretching for tens of kilometers, sea, bay and lake shores, fishing villages and scientific stations. In addition, here - on the Curonian Spit - natural processes and human activities are closely intertwined, fundamentally transforming the relief and wildlife of the peninsula over the last millennium. These processes continue today, causing the fragility and vulnerability of the spit’s natural systems. Therefore, in 1987, it was here that it was formed, among the first in Russia, National Park"Curonian Spit".

Presenter 1

The area of the park is 7890 hectares. There are three villages in the park: Lesnoye, Rybachy and Morskoye. The Curonian Spit is a sandy peninsula 98 km long (the Russian part is 48 km), ranging from 400 m to 4 km wide. In terms of its dimensions, length and elevation of the dunes, the beauty of the landscapes, the richness of flora and fauna, the Curonian Spit has no analogues among similar formations in Europe.

Presenter 2

The climate of the Curonian Spit is characterized by frequent weather variability, mild winters, moderately warm summers, warm autumns and cool springs.

The migratory route of birds passes along the Curonian Spit, connecting Finland, Karelia and the Baltic states with southern Europe and Africa. This determines the uniquely high density of the migratory flow of birds in the spring and autumn periods, which creates favorable conditions for banding them.

Slide 43 The Putorana Plateau is a unique landscape reserve, occupying about two million square kilometers on the territory of the Central Siberian Plateau. Is different a rare combination climatic ecosystems, the forest-tundra there is adjacent to the Arctic desert. The region contains many pristine lakes, rivers, and taiga thickets. Tens of thousands of wild reindeer migrate through the tundra.

An infinitely beautiful amazing land -Putorana plateau . This is the north of the Krasnoyarsk region,

The name itself"Putorana" translated from Yukaghir as “mountains without peaks”, and from Evenki as “a country of lakes with steep shores”. Indeed, the plateau is distinguished by its exceptionally unique relief: a combination of flat peaks with steep stepped slopes, incised valleys of rivers and lakes.

Presenter 1

In a relatively small area you can see quaint mountain lakes, canyons with raging streams of water, 23 waterfalls, including: The highest waterfall in Russia - the waterfall on the Talnikovy stream (600 m high) a mythical mysterious waterfall that claims to be the most high waterfall Eurasia and the most powerful waterfall in Russia in terms of spillway is the Bolshoi Kureysky Waterfall.

Presenter 2

Slide 44 Lena pillars - natural Park on the banks of the Lena. A series of vertical cliffs, stretching for several kilometers, arose as a result of tectonic upheavals about 400 thousand years ago. The Lena Pillars were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2012.

Presenter 1

Lena pillars - this is a forty-kilometer series of steep cliffs stretching along the right bank of the Lena River. The city of Yakutsk is located two hundred kilometers downstream of the river, and the city of Pokrovsk is about a hundred kilometers away. The length of the rocks is more than forty kilometers. Today it is a natural reserve of Yakutia - cliffs from 40 to 100 meters high every year become more beautiful and mysterious due to local climatic conditions.

Presenter 2

The view of the Pillars at sunrise is especially beautiful: from a distance, the mountain range with its outlines resembles an ancient castle or a magical palace, and the river at the foot serves as a mirror, making the pillars twice as large and majestic.

It’s good that our calendar of memorable dates includes holidays that remind us of the need to preserve those sights that belong to the present and the future. We, in turn, will become guardians and defenders of all the most beautiful things that exist in our country.

On April 18, the Day of Monuments and Historic Sites (World Heritage Day) is celebrated around the world. Established in 1983 by the Assembly of the International Council for the Protection of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), created by UNESCO, in order to attract public attention to the protection and conservation of world cultural heritage.

The motto of the International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites is: “ Let's save our historical homeland».

In this article we will analyze what role monuments play in the life of society, what types of cultures they are capable of carrying, whether it is possible to read information from them directly, and also how cultural monuments influence the collective unconscious of humanity.

BRIEFLY ABOUT CULTURE

Before you begin to analyze the role of monuments and historical places in the life of society, you need to answer the question: “What is culture? How is it formed and affects a person? What types of crops are there?”

Under the term "culture" it is necessary to understand, first of all, all the information (knowledge and theoretically unformalized skills) that exists in society, but is not transmitted from generation to generation in a ready-to-use form based on the work of the genetic apparatus.

Culture is transmitted from generation to generation on the basis of relationships between people in society and on the basis of “artifacts” - cultural monuments, information carriers, which together constitute cultural environment society as a whole.

Culture is the carrier of another (besides instincts, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes) type of behavioral information - socially conditioned, which each person receives from the information environment of society.

Along with the development of culture, the underlying social organization of the Homo Sapiens species is genetically determined. Because of this, culture is initially and always one of many factors of global evolutionary process biosphere of the Earth.

There is no “good” culture and “bad” one, i.e. “lack of culture”, but there is a single multifaceted culture- non-genetically transmitted information from generation to generation, and it contains “cultural costs” that pose a danger to the entire culture of mankind and the biological basis of culture - the species Homo Sapiens and the entire biosphere (http://inance.ru/2018/02/kulturnaya- politika/).

MONUMENTS AS ONE OF THE MEANS OF CULTURAL TRANSMISSION

First, let's answer the question of how culture can be transmitted. We have already decided that culture, first of all, is information-algorithmic system (knowledge + theoretically unformalized skills).

Knowledge and theoretically unformalized skills can exist in an “immaterial” form (i.e. in the field state of matter), being the property of the collective psyche of individuals belonging to a specific culture, as well as noosphere as the totality of all collective psyches(in other words - collective unconscious of all humanity), or to be imprinted or embodied in certain material objects, for example, books, paintings, architecture, etc. (http://inance.ru/2017/06/noosfera/). Accordingly, knowledge, ideas, some aspects of the worldview inherent in a particular culture can be materialized in monuments. In this regard, cultural monuments can be considered as symbols.

« Symbol“is an image or word with which a whole complex of images and/or concepts is associated in the people’s psyche.”

It should be noted that in each historical era, one or another symbol can be associated with a different (from the word “different”) set of images and concepts. Also, symbols are always associated with specific matrices(http://inance.ru/2015/09/matrix/).

« Matrix is a multivariate scenario regarding the psychodynamics of society. Accordingly, matrix processes are the processes of formation, pumping and implementation of certain scenarios (matrices) in society.”

People perceive symbols (including monuments) as consciously, so unconsciously. Let's explain with examples. An individual reads a certain ancient text or, in our case, looking at the monument. A monument evokes certain associations in the individual’s psyche, often even a whole complex of images. Images (i.e. information and algorithms) that an individual can comprehend can be taken into account by him in the process of building his worldview and understanding of the world, in developing a line of behavior. In this case, we are talking about conscious interaction with cultural heritage.

But in addition to the images conscious and meaningful to him, there remains a large layer of information and algorithms, which is perceived by the unconscious levels of the individual’s psyche. At an unconscious level, monuments-symbols are capable of connecting individuals with specific matrices-scenarios and putting them into action. Let us clarify that symbols can connect individuals only with the matrices present in their psyche. The latter are embedded in the individual’s psyche by culture in the process of upbringing and education.

Also, the symbols that stand behind cultural monuments, if they are perceived by people in approximately the same way, are capable of “auto-synchronizing” people. Those. the processes occurring in the psyche and body of people become identical in their frequency characteristics, which allows us to speak about the unity of the information-algorithmic base of their behavior, and therefore about the unity of their general reaction to external stimuli, that is, they will be structurally similar to a single organism, even if not directly physically connected. Simply put, people will be “on the same wavelength”, they will become representatives of the same culture.

Thanks to the above properties, cultural monuments can serve as a means of egregorial-matrix management. About it, read the article “Matrix Management - It’s Time to Master the Magic!”

"Matrix control - it's time to master the magic!" http://inance.ru/2015/09/matrix/

What culture can monuments convey?

In connection with the possibility of using monuments as a means of management, questions arise: What ideas and meanings should monuments convey? Should a person be encouraged to do good and create? Or can they carry anything? How to distinguish monuments that bring goodness from those that bear a vicious culture?

To answer this question, let us turn to one of the writers of Russian culture - Ivan Efremov. In his landmark science fiction novel “The Hour of the Ox,” the author put it this way:

“No matter what you call it, it is important that art brings consolation, and not entertainment, captivates people to heroic deeds, and does not give sleeping pills, does not search for a cheap paradise, does not turn into a drug.”

This formula also applies to monuments as one of the means of expressing art. We will also give a quote from another great representative of Russian civilization. It directly concerns monuments and answers the questions asked above in the best possible way.

Below is an example of a monument that brings goodness and high ideals.

"Worker and Collective Farm Woman"

“Worker and Collective Farm Woman” symbolizes the structure of classes in the USSR, namely: the unity of the working class and the collective farm peasantry.

You can also compare the Statue of Liberty as one of the symbols Western civilization(http://inance.ru/2016/10/statuya/), and the Motherland as a symbol of Russian civilization (http://inance.ru/2016/05/simvol/). In the grammar of the American world, “Freedom” appears as permitting certain types of behavior. In the grammar of the Soviet world, the direction is set in the opposite direction: citizens must come to the defense of the Motherland. The two worlds in their symbolic monuments turn out to be differently oriented: the state, subordinate to the idea of individualism, and the state, subordinate to the principles of collectivism (http://inance.ru/2016/05/simvol/).

Here is an example of monuments that carry destructive images and meanings.

These “monuments” not only appeal to the basest in man, but also promote ideas of debauchery and outright whoredom. But this is far from the worst example. Modern Western civilization is so mired in its demonism that it is no longer even ashamed of such an essential “monument.”

Monument to Satan

I think that it would be superfluous to explain with what layers of images and destructive matrix-scenarios such a “monument-symbol” can be associated. Let everyone answer the question according to their conscience: “How much do you need to wallow in vices in order to promote such open Satanism?”

WHY DO INVADERS DESTROY MONUMENTS

Monuments, among other things, carry the function of historical heritage. They reflect the character of the era in which they were created, and can also tell us about certain historical events. And if there is no monument or any other “reminder”, then there is no event. That is, by destroying monuments of another culture, invaders destroy its historical memory. But this is only one of the reasons for the destruction of monuments and is far from the most important.

As mentioned earlier, monuments are symbols of those peoples and cultures that created them. Monuments, as a rule, carry a serious semantic load, entire complexes of images and layers of historical memory. They are able to “synchronize” the psyches of representatives of one culture and direct the psychodynamics of society towards the implementation of specific matrix-scenarios. When invaders destroy cultural monuments, they are thereby trying to destroy the very culture of the people they have enslaved—hiddenly or openly. Now we will not consider other ways of destroying crops. That's not what the article is about. But it is necessary to talk about the effectiveness of the destruction of monuments in terms of the possibility of erasing a nasty culture “from the face of the earth.” The effectiveness of such measures may seem high only for people who adhere to a materialistic point of view on the world. Material cultural monuments of the past and modern ones are only one of the channels for preserving and exchanging information and algorithms between people, and they have the lowest throughput and speed.

Trinity worldviews Matters—Informations—Worlds"(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXM1LQ_rsCI) allows you to identify and introduce into your picture of the world such concepts - among other things - as "biofield", "collective psyche (egregor)", "noosphere". If we consider the noosphere as a set of collective psyches generated by all people, then we come to the understanding that, indeed, “ manuscripts don't burn", that is, all information and algorithms are inherent to modern humanity, and has ever existed, is preserved in the noosphere in field form.

Then a logical question arises: “Are there ways to read information about what happened around monuments and artifacts of the past and, if so, which ones?”

METHODS OF READING INFORMATION FROM MONUMENTS AND ARTIFACTS OF THE PAST

The very first “psychics,” whose teaching is based on using their intellect to read information from objects and talk about their past, are criminologists. They really look at an object, study it, touch it, carry out some manipulations with it, receiving some data into their psyche, and then it is the psyche that draws conclusions about the past of the objects. If the detective is good, he has a broad outlook, a holistic worldview, deep knowledge in some areas, then the conclusions are correct (there are plenty of examples of such detectives in literature), if he is incompetent, then the conclusions are not worth a penny.

If we understand that each material object of our Universe has its own set of material radiation fields (magnetic, electric, electromagnetic, quantum and other, perhaps unknown to us, types of general natural physical fields), then we can ask the question of “forensics of general physical fields.” This applies to both living organisms (their field radiation is often called a biofield or aura, if we turn to esoteric terminology), and objects of “inanimate nature” (their radiation is not specifically called anything, except when talking about the emission spectrum). After all, such fields, among other things, carry an informational function, that is, they are capable of “perceiving,” storing, processing (this applies mainly to living organisms) and transmitting information.

This knowledge allows us to view the basic function of monuments and artifacts of the past in a completely different light. The field body of monuments and artifacts is capable of “capturing” all the events that happened to them, including information about people who have ever come into contact with these objects, just as a material body stores all the marks and scars from its interaction with other bodies. The fields also influence each other, leaving a “chronicle” of interactions on a material object. Reading this “chronicle” is possible both through the development of one’s own senses and the development of extrasensory perception (the process is fundamentally no different from the activities of criminologists, the only difference is in the source of data, and their processing and conclusions in both cases is the task of the perceiving psyche), and through the creation of certain technical devices capable of reading any information from objects environment and reproduce it in any way. Watch the video about this:

Of course, historical truth can also be learned by others. in unusual ways. For example, through direct reading of the necessary information from Earth's noosphere or through regressive hypnosis. But more about this some other time.

CONCLUSION

At this stage, cultural monuments in general and monuments in particular are an important means of transmitting cultural heritage, both in terms of evidence of historical events and in terms of conveying the ideals and meanings inherent in a particular culture. They must be carefully guarded. We also need to awaken in society more interest to historical monuments.

But we must make a reservation that what is written above does not apply to all monuments. Modern cultures- predominantly Western culture - “produced” a whole bunch of monuments bearing destructive, vicious images and ideas and aimed at keeping society as close to an animal state as possible and reliably, preventing people from realizing their human potential, since primitive creatures are always easier to manage, it is always easier to use them for selfish purposes.

That is, today work in this area should be carried out in several directions:

Ensuring the safety of cultural monuments that carry goodness (this was written in more detail in previous chapters).
Search for alternative deductive methods of reading information from historical objects, and objects in general (crimes are also easier to solve this way).
Creation of new monuments that cultivate humanity and justice.
Isolation or destruction of those monuments that transmit to the masses vicious ideas and images that dehumanize people.

It is important to remember that culture is dynamic. It is created here and now; it is created by people. And the culture in which we live and our descendants will live depends entirely on us. The changed logic of social behavior(http://inance.ru/2015/03/smena-logiki/) to the fore cultural development What comes out is the self-development of everyone and, in particular, self-education.

We wish you good luck, dear reader, on this journey.

Tatyana Ishkina
Extracurricular activity dedicated to the Day of Monuments and Memorable Places “Next to the present is the past”

Explanatory note

Monuments culture is a social phenomenon reflecting the process social development. They preserve traces of historical events for memory of the people.

Question "roots", communications with past in the name of the future sounds sharp today. The self-awareness of a nation is composed of the self-awareness of individuals - citizens of the Fatherland.

“Why do people love to study their past, my history? – asked V. O. Klyuchevsky and answered: - Probably for the same reason why a person, having stumbled while running, likes to get up and look back at place of his fall».

So with my event I want the children "stumbled", thought about past of his homeland, got acquainted with the facts local stories and found out for ourselves what significance it has in our lives past.

Target:

to help students realize that they are part of their country, their small Motherland.

Tasks:

To foster a sense of citizenship, love for Russia, one’s own "small motherland"

Arouse students' interest in local history books

Expanding children's horizons.

Organizational and active component

Time: extracurricular activity

Place: classroom equipped with an interactive whiteboard

Participants: students of the group.

Equipment

1. Interactive whiteboard

2. Book exhibition

3.mp3 songs "Alyosha"

Progress of the lesson

Introductory part

There's a song playing "Alyosha" (words by K. Vanshenkin, music by E. Kolmanovsky)

Student 1:

Time - it won't turn back,

Won't come back for another round.

But the story remains

With us. Just look around!

Here are the kings, scientists, poets,

Whose destiny is like a bright star,

Now dressed in bronze and granite

And they stayed with us forever.

Student 2:

And mosques, pagodas and temples -

Antiquities of distant lighthouses...

Leaving, the story is on memory

This is how he knits knots.

WITH present past, intertwining,

Forms a fairy tale.

Memory places monuments everywhere,

So that the connection between times is not interrupted.

Student 3:

Save monuments, People,

Let not oblivion hide them -

Let's not be Ivans,

That they don’t remember their kinship.

Main part

Presenter: Every year on April 18th, International Day is celebrated. monuments and memorial sites.

The man has memory and its integral function is forgetting. To survive, a person needed to remember the most important thing. This is how they appeared monuments. At first - cave drawings, then – gravestones (without written signs, and later – with them). Eventually special compositions emerged, dedication.

Monuments installed in public places, most often outdoors. They are distinguished by their large size and durable material. Monuments perpetuate people or events that have become universally famous. Cannot be placed in the city square monument to the face, which only the sculptor himself (his wife, brother, friend) knows intimately, while it is quite possible to create their portraits for an exhibition or museum.

Impact monument, standing on the square and created "for all", I would like to call it categorical. You may not go to the theater, cinema, exhibition, you may not read a book, but you cannot help but notice the monument erected on the square! And our people do not remain indifferent to the works of monumental sculptures: near monument You can always see people stopping to take a close look at the sculpture. And how they love it in Moscow, monument to Pushkin, make dates!

On granite pedestals monuments Very often there are bouquets of flowers - a touching sign of respect and love of our people.

Every year on May 9 and June 22, rallies are solemnly held and ceremonies are laid funeral wreaths, bouquets for memorials of Soldier's Glory.

Let's take a short tour of memorable places Proletarsky district.

At the Center, the administration of our district faces monument leader of the world proletariat (1917-1924) Lenin V.I.

A lot of monuments created in the post-war period.

1988 – a Memorial was opened in the area of the former stone quarry memory to the victims of fascism on site deaths of civilians in the years July–August 1942;

Presenter: Monuments there are many all over the world and each of them has its own story. Let's give you a quiz "From small to large". She dedicated to animal monuments. I think you will learn a lot of interesting things! Appendix No. 2

Presenter: Over so funny monuments You can laugh not only on April 1st, but all year round! Slide number 8

Photo captions:

There's a strange one in Marseille monument. A giant finger comes out of the ground! It was erected in honor local sea bay. It's shaped like a finger

Wow fork! This hulk is as tall as a three-story building. "sticks out" from the ground in the Norwegian city of Oslo.

And this one monument, standing upside down, is located in Australia, in Melbourne. Close to local university. This is its founder. Imagine what kind of students there are!

By the way, there, in Melbourne, there is the largest wallet in the world. Come on over, there's enough change for everyone! I wonder if this wallet hunts annoying pigeons at night?

This Brussels policeman will never catch the thief. Because he himself was caught. For the leg.

In Spain, in the city of Candiz, a faucet is floating in the air, from which a stream of water flows. It seems that the crane is taking off, although, of course, it is not. The pipe that holds it is simply hidden under water.

In Tomsk there is monument to happiness. Moreover, this happiness looks exactly like a wolf from a cartoon "Once upon a time there was a dog". The wolf has a button on its belly. If you press it, the wolf will say some phrase from the cartoon.

And this curious Los Angeles Varvara became very interested in what was happening there in the building.

We found ourselves in the Netherlands, in a town with the hard-to-bear name Vestenbergstraad. Here cars are parked right on the walls, like this one "Morris - mini". this evening monument diligently illuminated. Apparently, to prevent someone from accidentally parking near.

And now we are waiting for Haddington, an ordinary English town, famous for its headless shark stuck in the roof of the most ordinary house.

Presenter: Well, a little about non-standard monuments from all over the world.

In the business district of Frankfurt there is monument this indispensable attribute modern businessman- tie. Slide number 9

Distinctive feature monument Turgenev's Mu-mu in the French town of Honfleur is the fish tail of Moo-mu. Slide number 10

In Australia there is caterpillar monument. In the 19th century she helped local farmers to get rid of incredibly overgrown cacti.

Two are known monument in honor of the frog: at the University of Paris (Sorbonne) and Tokyo. They are installed as a sign of gratitude (or as an apology) because frogs are used in medical experiments.

Already exists in Voronezh monument the famous dog White Bim Black Ear; he decorates the square in front of the puppet theater (slide number 11). And on Lizyukov Street the townspeople erected another one monument – famous hero cartoon "Kitten from Lizyukov Street". Slide number 12

The food symbol of the Soviet era is cheese "Friendship"- decorated the capital of our Motherland. Slide number 13

In Izhevsk there is amphibian monument, according to one of the legends that lived in those parts in ancient times - a crocodile!

In Canada, Ukrainian immigrants established potato pie monument. Our "answer"- a monumental dumpling on a fork in Izhevsk. Slide number 14.

Near Ekaterinburgskaya regional library named after Belinsky monument to a very unusual, but to a significant literary hero - an invisible man. Slide number 15

Presenter: We had a very good rest, laughed, and now at the end of our event I would like to remind you that monuments require careful treatment of yourself. These ones rules:

Looking around historical and cultural monuments, it is necessary to show high consciousness, maintain cleanliness, silence and order. Near monuments Don't make noisy games.

It is not acceptable to take anything "on memory» from architectural monuments. In your home it will be just a souvenir, but the monument will lose a lot.

You cannot, through your actions, change the natural environment, the landscape, which, as a rule, forms a single whole with architectural monuments. After all, it is precisely those woven by close centuries-old ties monument and land, on which it arose, make the strongest impression on a person. Change the surrounding nature by deforestation, fires, unkempt camp sites, and monument will lose its strength and beauty.

Student 4:

History is imperishable, like fire,

Freezes for a moment, and again,

Revealing the flame

She will rise, moving the grave

And the one who reaches out to her with his hands,

He will drop his heart into her palm.

Presenter: These are the wonderful words I would like to end our event with. Explore monuments, love and take care of them! Thank you for your attention. (slide number 16)

On April 18, 2017, all regions of Russia will celebrate the Day of Protection of Monuments and Landmarks. And there is a simple explanation for this - the country has approximately 150 thousand objects of cultural heritage of federal and regional significance. Basic law in the field of conservation, use and state protection cultural heritage sites is the federal law dated June 25, 2002 N 73-FZ “On objects of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation.”

On April 18, 2017, residents and guests of Moscow and the Moscow region will be able to visit museums and estates in the region for free in honor of the International Day for the Preservation of Monuments and Landmarks. As part of the celebration of the International Day for the Preservation of Monuments and Sites, which is celebrated on April 18, more than 80 free excursion routes have been prepared for those interested.

Days of historical and cultural heritage

are held in Moscow annually on the International Day for the Preservation of Monuments and Sites (April 18) and International Museum Day (May 18).

Where to go in Moscow on April 18 for the International Day of Monuments and Historical Sites

All Moscow museums are of regional importance and some are federal, including the Tretyakov Gallery, the Pushkin Museum. A. S. Pushkin and the Historical Museum, prepared special programs and made free admission for their visitors as part of the annual promotions Days of historical and cultural heritage.

In the press service Tretyakov Gallery reported that on this day the entrance to the so-called Small Museums - the museum-workshop of Anna Golubkina and the museum-apartment of Apollinary Vasnetsov, where excursions and concerts will be held, will be free.

Also on this day you can visit for free permanent exhibition art of the XX-XXI centuries and the exhibition of Dmitry Zhilinsky V New Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val, the Thaw exhibition is not included in this program.

State Museum of Fine Arts named after. A. S. Pushkina the Gallery of European Art will be open for free visits and America XIX-XX centuries with the pearl of its collection - paintings by the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists.

State Historical Museum invites you to visit the open-air exposition that opened the day before - the Artillery Yard, as well as the exhibition Handsome Man about men's fashion, for this you need to take a free ticket.

Museum modern history Russia in its branch - the Evgeniy Yevtushenko Museum-Gallery will conduct excursions. A poet in Russia is more than a poet.

As reported on the website of the Moscow Department of Culture, on April 18, 2017, about 200 events will be held at more than 100 subordinate venues.

At the Museum of Moscow An exhibition dedicated to the history of the Donskoy Monastery will open, and you can also see the Moscow exhibition here. Fashion and revolution.

Multimedia art museum presents dozens of exhibitions as part of the Fashion and Style in Photography festival.

The Department of Cultural Heritage has prepared excursions, quests and lectures, which will take place until May 31 in places usually closed to outside visitors. Among them are embassies, hotels, mansions, including Tarasov's house on Spiridonovka, Morozov's city estate in Podsosensky Lane and the Zimins' mansion in Degtyarny Lane. The department reminds that access to them is only possible by appointment.

Where to go in the Moscow region on April 18 for the International Day of Monuments and Historical Sites

April 18, 2017 entrance to state museums Moscow region will be free. The goal of the event is to attract the attention of residents and guests of the Moscow region to its history, rich cultural heritage, and to popularize the region’s museums.

On the International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites, visitors will be able to see any of the exhibitions offered twelve state museums near Moscow:

Sergiev Posad Historical and Art Museum-Reserve,
Serpukhov Historical and Art Museum,
Memorial Musical Museum-Reserve of P. I. Tchaikovsky,
museum-reserve “Muranovo Estate” named after F.I. Tyutchev”,
literary- memorial museum-reserve A. P. Chekhov “Melikhovo”,
Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin,
Zvenigorod Historical, Architectural and Art Museum,
Museum and exhibition complex of the Moscow region “New Jerusalem”,
memorial museum-reserve of D. I. Mendeleev and A. A. Blok,
museum-reserve "Zaraisky Kremlin",
Moscow regional museum folk arts and crafts,
Military-technical museum.

Also, a variety of excursion routes have been prepared for residents and guests of the Moscow region, visiting the most interesting monuments history and culture and attractions of the region - e.g. visiting estates of the 18th-19th centuries - Vvedenskoye, Ershovo, Marfino. Those wishing to participate must register in advance, as the number of places in groups is limited.

International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites

(International Day for Monuments and Sites) was established in 1982 by the Assembly of the International Council for the Conservation of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), created by UNESCO.

Now International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites Every year it is celebrated around the world on April 18 and the main purpose of this is to attract public attention to the protection and preservation of world cultural heritage.

International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites- an occasion to once again draw the attention of the general public and government officials to the protection and preservation of various local monuments and historical sites and world cultural heritage sites. Therefore, on this day, as part of the celebration, various conferences are held on the preservation and protection of cultural heritage, as well as a number of other events. For example, in some museums and exhibition halls on this day (as well as on International Museum Day) you can enter for free. Visitors can also visit architectural complexes and historical buildings that are closed to the public on normal days.

Every year on April 18th the International Day for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites is celebrated..

The The holiday is celebrated on April 18 in Russia, as well as in some other countries of the world. Our country has a rich history, which has left us with a unique historical and cultural heritage. On the territory of Russia there are great amount monuments and historical places, many of which are widely known throughout the world and are regularly visited by millions of tourists from different parts of our planet. The country's two main cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg, are especially rich in such attractions.

Let us remind you that it was founded holiday "International Day for the Preservation of Monuments and Historical Sites" was in 1982 by UNESCO. And celebrate this the holiday started on April 18 1984.

The initiators of the creation of such a holiday were architects, scientists, restorers, workers government agencies engaged in such activities. Its main goal can be called attracting public attention to the problem of preserving historical monuments.

Traditions for the holiday April 18

In different countries of the world, it is customary to mark this date with various events dedicated to the preservation of world heritage. Many museums can be visited for free on this day; tourists also get a unique opportunity to visit historical buildings and architectural complexes that are closed to the public at other times.

Moreover, the day April 18th it could be considered professional holiday all those people whose activities are related to the preservation of cultural heritage.

Monuments are structures that are designed to perpetuate people, events, objects, etc.

Historical places are places on the territory of which important historical events took place, or where ancient buildings and structures were previously or are located.

It should be noted that in Russia until the 18th century there was no such thing as a “monument”. Only religious shrines were protected by the state and revered by the people. Unfortunately, a significant part of the works of ancient Russian art was lost as a result of numerous fires and wars. Sharp changes in the ideological course in the country also led to the destruction of historical monuments.

Protection of monuments and historical sites in history

Our state began to pay attention to the protection of antiquities only in the 18th century. Peter I ordered the collection and preservation of ancient objects. However, he also introduced a course towards Western countries in Russia, which caused the oblivion of our centuries-old traditions. Russian society of that era was absolutely not interested in ancient Russian monuments.

Before the revolution, various societies were formed in Russia that were engaged in the protection and study of monuments. The most important among them was the Odessa Society for the History of Antiquities. Museums, church archaeological societies, ancient repositories, etc. also contributed to the preservation of monuments.

Then the revolutionary upheavals and civil war began, which greatly changed the people’s attitude towards monuments of art and antiquity. The old began to be mercilessly destroyed, divisions and spontaneous pogroms of estates began, numerous churches and monasteries were occupied by various organizations or even destroyed. There is an urgent need to save the priceless cultural heritage of Russia. At this time, a state system for the protection of monuments was formed.

In the Soviet Union, a new decree was issued in 1924. Then the People's Commissariat for Education obliged the executive committees to monitor the safety of burial grounds, ancient settlements, burial mounds, monuments and other historical places. Moreover, it was necessary to protect not only the monuments themselves, but also the territory adjacent to them. It could not be used for economic purposes.

Attitudes towards historical and cultural heritage have again changed for the worse. Active sales of museum and art treasures abroad began.

For the sake of urban improvement, churches and entire blocks of old buildings were demolished.

During wartime, a large number of historical values were destroyed. The state at that time had no time to preserve them. After the end of the war, it was necessary to restore the country, and at the same time interest in the historical and cultural heritage flared up again.

Various special government organizations began to protect monuments.

In 1966, the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments was formed. This public organization unites numerous lovers of antiquity and history. In 1976, a law was adopted concerning the protection and use of historical monuments. But, in practice, it didn't work.

Protection of monuments and historical sites today

As for our days, the situation with the protection of historical and cultural monuments is even worse. There are practically no special laws on this matter, and those that exist are not observed. In modern Russia, monuments, historical sites and protected areas are being destroyed. And the perpetrators most often do not even bear any punishment for this. Loss cultural values are irreplaceable and irreversible. Today, the physical condition of most of the monuments in our country continues to deteriorate.

But Europeans are much more careful about their historical and cultural heritage. They try to preserve intact not only monuments and buildings, but even historical landscapes and landscapes of the area.

On this day are held restoration work and adjustment of monuments, they are painted and thoroughly cleaned. All this work is carried out by the committee and supporters who protect monuments and monuments.