Analysis of the episode at the Bolkonsky estate. III

Chapter 25 part 1 volume 1

Tolstoy generally has a positive attitude towards Prince Andrei, however, some qualities of the hero allow us to think about how his fate will develop in the future. This is confirmed by the scene of Bolkonsky’s departure for the war of 1805.

On the one hand, Prince Andrei goes to war not at all for the reason that he sees in Napoleon the “Antichrist,” as he is called in Anna Pavlovna Scherer’s salon. The real reason is that he needs new sensations. He is bored with secular society, disgusted with his unloved wife, and is full of dreams of glory. And this means that he political beliefs has nothing to do with it.

On the other hand, his restrained behavior on the family estate of Bald Mountains, where he brought his wife Lisa, who was expecting a child, speaks of a rather complex and rather controversial nature. It is difficult for Prince Andrei to part with his loved ones, but he restrains his feelings and does not show them.

Prince Andrei deeply respects his sister, but he also makes fun of her a little, especially when talking about his father. At this moment, Princess Marya, kind and insightful, with one phrase allows us to understand what the essence of Prince Andrei’s character is: he has “pride of thought,” and this in itself is a great sin. Princess Bolkonskaya understands her brother, sometimes even better than he understands himself, which is why she sees pride in him, he does not know how to forgive mistakes either to himself or others, he is characterized by arrogance and straightforwardness. And the life of Princess Marya obeys Christian commandments, and she tries to involve her loved ones in this. Sometimes it is difficult for her to communicate with her father, but she never judges or discusses him. The constant presence of her companion is painful for her, but she even feels sorry for her. She differs from her brother in that she knows how to forgive. Princess Marya asks her brother to put the Bolkonsky family icon around his neck. Prince Bolkonsky does not believe in God, but he is touched by his sister’s request and obeys her, although he cannot resist ridicule.

The words and thoughts of Prince Andrei are confirmed by the characteristics of the little princess. She is so accustomed to secular society that even in Bald Mountains, seeing her husband off to war, Lisa behaves the same way as in St. Petersburg. Old Prince Bolkonsky understands his son well, his feelings towards his wife, and Princess Marya takes pity on her and forgives everything.

Prince Andrei's farewell to his father demonstrates their complete mutual understanding, they think alike, they both live a deep intellectual life. Andrei has one request to his father: if he is destined to die in the war, when his son is born, let him live with the Bolkonskys, and not give him to his wife to raise. Old Prince Bolkonsky understands Andrei’s thoughts; with Lisa, the boy will be brought up in a hypocritical atmosphere secular society, full of lies. That's why old prince makes a promise to his son to fulfill his request. At the same time, he gives instructions to Andrei on how to behave in war, that the main thing is not own life, but honor, although he was confident that his son would not discredit the family honor. The father is having a hard time with his son's departure to war, but his character does not allow him to show his feelings. However, we understand them well, just as Andrey understands them.

Bolkonsky said goodbye to his wife quickly. He just said, “Well...”, which sounded like a cold mockery. Lisa faints, Prince Andrei kisses his sister, asking her to take care of his wife, and leaves. Only from the office of the old prince can the angry sounds of blowing his nose be heard.

The scene of Andrei Bolkonsky's departure for the war allows us to better understand his character and think about his subsequent fate. We admire his intelligence, willpower, dignity and nobility. But at the same time, we understand the reasons for Andrei’s future failures and suffering, hidden in his excessive pride.

Salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherrer

The A.P. Sherrer salon is the place where the cream of St. Petersburg society gathers. (26, 43) Among the guests of Anna Scherrer's salon are many central characters: Andrei Bolkonsky with his wife, Pierre Bezukhov, the Kuragin family, etc. . The meaning of her life lies in the maintenance of her salon. One of the first guests she greets Prince Vasily Kuragin. Their conversation gradually moves from discussing the horrific actions of the Antichrist-Napoleon and secular gossip to intimate topics. Anna Pavlovna tells the prince that it would be nice to marry his son Anatoly, “a restless fool.” The woman immediately suggests a suitable candidate - her relative Princess Bolkonskaya, who lives with her stingy but rich father. On the way out, an elderly lady approached Prince Vasily - Drubetskaya Anna Mikhailovna. The woman, trying to use her former charm, asks the man to place her son Boris in the guard. During a conversation about politics, Pierre speaks about the revolution as a great cause, going against the other guests, who consider Napoleon’s actions to be terrifying. The young man could not fully defend his opinion, but Andrei Bolkonsky supported him.. Guests gather in separate circles, where, as a rule, someone is the center of attention, and Anna Pavlovna walks between them and Special attention devotes time to the circle where the conversation fades away. The lady has a sense of humor, intelligence, she presents new “faces” to her guests to make her evening more interesting: “this evening Anna Pavlovna served her guests first the Viscount, then the Abbot, like something supernaturally refined.” “Being an enthusiast made her social status" Different people visit the Scherer salon. Here Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. (61) He will soon go to fight with Bonaparte. He is not interested in anything at all in Anna Pavlovna’s living room and he comes there to accompany his wife, who cannot travel to big light due to pregnancy, but attends small parties.

In the house of Count Bezukhov 366

A soulless, selfish atmosphere reigns in the house of the dying Count Bezukhov. We see what is happening through the eyes of the naive Pierre. The young man does not understand what caused increased attention to his modest person, which worries his relatives, which is why scandals and even fights occur near his father’s deathbed. Those around him are little concerned about the count's condition. It is important for them not to miss the chance to grab a piece of a rich inheritance. Count Bezukhov suffered a sixth stroke, after which the doctors announced that there was no longer any hope of recovery - most likely, the patient would die at night. Prince Vasily learns from Princess Ekaterina Semyonovna that the letter in which the Count asks to adopt Pierre is in the Count's mosaic briefcase under his pillow. Pierre and Anna Mikhailovna arrive at Bezukhov's house. Heading to the dying man’s room, Pierre does not understand why he is going there and whether he should show up in his father’s chambers at all. During the unction, Counts Vasily and Catherine quietly take away the briefcase with papers. Seeing the dying Bezukhov, Pierre finally realized how close his father was to death. In the reception room, Anna Mikhailovna notices that the princess is hiding something and is trying to take the briefcase from Catherine. At the height of the quarrel, the middle princess reported that the count had died. Everyone is saddened by Bezukhov's death. The next morning, Anna Mikhailovna tells Pierre that his father promised to help Boris and she hopes that the count’s will will be carried out.

Name day at the Rostovs

Rostovs celebrate mother's name day and youngest daughter- two Natalias. (175) Women gossip about Count Bezukhov’s illness and the behavior of his son Pierre. The young man got involved in bad company: his last revelry led to Pierre being expelled from St. Petersburg to Moscow. The women are wondering who will become the heir to Bezukhov's wealth: (183) Pierre or the direct heir of the count - Prince Vasily. The old Count Rostov says that Nikolai, their eldest son, is going to leave the university and his parents, deciding to go to war with a friend. Nikolai replies that he really feels drawn to military service.

Natasha(195) (“black-eyed, with big mouth, an ugly, but lively girl, with her childish open shoulders”), accidentally seeing the kiss of Sonya (the count’s niece) and Nikolai, calls Boris (Drubetskaya’s son) and kisses him herself. Boris confesses his love to the girl, and they agree on a wedding when she turns 16. Vera(217), seeing them cooing Sonya(204) with Nikolai and Natasha with Boris(200), reprimands that it is bad to run after a young man, tries in every possible way to offend young people. This upsets everyone, and they leave, but Vera remains satisfied. Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya tells Rostova that Prince Vasily got her son into the guard, but she doesn’t even have money for uniforms for her son. Drubetskaya hopes only for mercy godfather Boris - Count Kirill Vladimirovich Bezukhov and decides to hang him right now. Anna Mikhailovna asks her son to “be as nice as you know how to be” towards the count, but he believes that this will be like humiliation. Holiday at the Rostovs. While they are waiting for Natasha's godmother - Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova - a sharp and straightforward woman, in Rostov's office cousin Countess Shinshin and the selfish guards officer Berg argue about the advantages and benefits of serving in the cavalry over the infantry. Shinshin makes fun of Berg. Pierre arrived just before dinner, feels awkward, sits in the middle of the living room, preventing the guests from walking, is embarrassed and cannot carry on a conversation, constantly as if looking for someone in the crowd. At this time, everyone is assessing how such a lout could participate in the bear business, which the gossips were gossiping about. At lunch, the men talked about the war with Napoleon and about the manifesto by which this war was declared. The colonel claims that only through war can the security of the empire be preserved, Shinshin does not agree, then the colonel turns to Nikolai Rostov for support. The young man agrees with the opinion that “Russians must die or win,” but understands the awkwardness of his remark.

To the Bolkonsky estate Bald Mountains

The estate of Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, a strict man who considers the main human vices“idleness and superstition” was located in Bald Mountains. He raised his daughter Marya himself and was demanding and harsh with everyone around him, so everyone was afraid of him and obeyed him. Andrei Bolkonsky and his wife Lisa come to the estate to Nikolai Bolkonsky. Andrei, telling his father about the upcoming military campaign, is met with obvious discontent in response. The elder Bolkonsky is against Russia's desire to participate in the war. He believes that Bonaparte is “an insignificant Frenchman who was successful only because there were no longer Potemkins and Suvorovs.” Andrei does not agree with his father, because Napoleon is his ideal. Angry at his son’s stubbornness, the old prince shouts at him to go to his Bonaparte. Andrei is getting ready to leave. The man is tormented by mixed feelings. Marya, Andrei’s sister, asks his brother to put on “an old icon of the savior with a black face in a silver robe on a finely made silver chain” and blesses him with the image. Andrei asks the old prince to take care of his wife Lisa. Nikolai Andreevich, although he seems strict, betrays the letter of recommendation to Kutuzov. At the same time, saying goodbye to his son, he gets upset. Having said a cold goodbye to Lisa, Andrei leaves.

Austerlitz planting

The beginning of the Battle of Austerlitz. At 5 am the movement of Russian columns began. There was heavy fog and smoke from fires, behind which it was impossible to see those around us or the direction. There is chaos in the movement. Due to the shift of the Austrians to the right, there was great confusion. Kutuzov becomes the head of the 4th column and leads it. Before the battle, the emperor asks Kutuzov why the battle has not yet begun, to which the old commander-in-chief replies: “That’s why I’m not starting, sir. We are not at the parade and not on Tsaritsyn Meadow.” Before the start of the battle, Bolkonsky was firmly convinced that “today was the day of his Toulon.” Through the dissipating fog, the Russians see French troops much closer than expected, break the formation and flee from the enemy. Kutuzov orders them to be stopped and Prince Andrei runs forward, leading the battalion behind him. On the right flank, commanded by Bagration, at 9 o’clock nothing has yet begun, so the commander sends Rostov to the commander-in-chief for orders to begin military operations. Rostov, advancing along the Russian front, does not believe that the enemy is already practically in their rear. Near the village of Praca, Rostov finds only upset crowds of Russians. Beyond the village of Gostieradek, Rostov finally saw the sovereign, but did not dare to approach him. At this time, Captain Tol, seeing pale Alexander, helps him cross the ditch, for which the emperor shakes his hand. Rostov regrets his indecision and goes to Kutuzov’s headquarters. At the fifth hour in the Battle of Austerlitz, the Russians lost on all counts. The Russians are retreating. At the Augest dam they are overtaken by French artillery cannonade. The soldiers are trying to advance by walking over the dead. Dolokhov jumps from the dam onto the ice, others run after him, but the ice cannot stand it, everyone drowns. The wounded Bolkonsky lies on Pratsenskaya Mountain, bleeding and, without noticing it, quietly groaning, in the evening he falls into oblivion. Waking up from burning pain, he felt alive again, thinking that “he knew nothing, nothing until now.” Suddenly, the tramp of approaching French is heard, among them Napoleon. Bonaparte praises his soldiers, looking at the dead and wounded. Seeing Bolkonsky, he says that his death is wonderful, while for Andrei all this did not matter: “His head was burning; he felt that it was coming from blood, and he saw above him distant, high and eternal sky. He knew that it was Napoleon - his hero, but at that moment Napoleon seemed so small to him, an insignificant person in comparison with what was happening now between his soul and this high, endless sky with clouds running across it.” Bonaparte notices that Bolkonsky is alive and orders him to be taken to the dressing station. Together with the other wounded, the man remains in the care of the local population. In his delirium he sees quiet pictures life and happiness in Bald Mountains, which is destroyed by little Napoleon. The doctor claims that Bolkonsky’s delirium will end in death rather than recovery.

Conversation on questions:

1. Tell us about the Bolkonskys. What are the relationships in this family?

2. Find “portraits” of Marya Bolkonskaya, Andrei, the old prince. What makes Tolstoy stand out in the appearance of his characters and their behavior? (Pay attention to the short stature, “dry” features, amazing eyes - “radiant”, like Marya’s, “beautiful”, like Prince Andrei’s, “smart”, like the old prince. Restraint, respect in behavior and attitude towards each other friend.)

3. What, in your opinion, are the basic principles of raising children in the Rostov and Bolkonsky families?

4. What brings the Rostovs and Bolkonskys together? How are these families different?

5. Remember the Kuragins. Why doesn't Tolstoy call them family? (Kuragins are deceitful, false, with predatory instincts, without any moral standards.)

Conclusions. The warmth and hospitality, the warmth of relationships and a sense of tact, respect for each individual, and the sincere love of the Rostovs evoke deep sympathy among the author and among us, the readers. An atmosphere of love and dreaminess reigns in the Rostovs' house. The Rostovs live not with their minds, but with their hearts. Everything is different in Bald Mountains near the Bolkonskys. Calm, measured life. The Bolkonskys are reserved people; it is not customary for them to be frank.

With an unmistakable instinct, old Bolkonsky recognizes the immoral rake in Anatol Kuragin. (And this has no place in their home.)

The Bolkonskys are people of honor and duty. The old prince loves his son endlessly, but would prefer to see him dead rather than sully his name.

What brings the smart, honest and proud Bolkonskys closer to the hospitable, kind and gentle Rostovs?

“They are brought together by the main thing: their attitude towards their homeland, incompatibility with the spirit of self-interest, lies and falsehood of the court spheres, the process of gradual rapprochement with the people.” (N. N. Naumova) .

Homework.

2. Analyze the behavior of the novel’s heroes during the war. (Kutuzov, Bagration, Tushin, Timokhin, Bolkonsky, N. Rostov, staff officers.)

Lessons 119–120
Depiction of the War of 1805–1807
Battles of Schöngraben and Austerlitz

Goals: determine L. N. Tolstoy’s attitude to war, reveal Tolstoy’s understanding of heroism; explain the reasons for the outbreak of hostilities in 1805–1807; give brief description the battles of Schöngraben and Austerlitz, find out on what factors, in the writer’s opinion, the outcome of the battles depends; analyze the behavior of the novel's heroes during the war, show true heroism, humanity and modesty ordinary soldiers and the cowardice, vanity and arrogance of others (staff officers).

Progress of lessons

I. introduction teachers.

War in the novel

War is the most terrible and difficult test possible. What does war represent from Tolstoy's point of view? He answers quite clearly and definitely that war is a “disgusting to the human mind and all human nature event". All normal Russian soldiers and officers think so. War, Tolstoy believes, should not be a way to resolve disputes between states. But in a moment of danger, the following qualities come to the fore among the Russian people: courage, patriotism, heroism.

It is necessary to dwell on the most important contradiction of the writer in War and Peace. Tolstoy claims the decisive role masses in history (this is its strength) and at the same time - spontaneity, as the most important basis for the actions of the people (this is its weakness). And yet, the writer asserts the importance of the moral factor in war. The strength of spirit, the fortitude of a Russian soldier can save an army in an almost hopeless situation.

Wars are depicted and assessed by the writer in different ways. Tolstoy distinguishes between aggressive and therefore unjustifiable “wars of kings” and “wars of peoples” full of true heroism.

War of 1805–1807 was senseless and useless, it was conducted outside Russia, its meaning and goals were incomprehensible and alien to the Russian people. (“War of the Kings”). Kutuzov set the task of withdrawing the Russian army from the war and saving it. Therefore, he sent Bagration’s vanguard to delay the French army in battle and give the main Russian forces the opportunity to unite. This battle was fought near Shengraben.

II. Work on the episode “Battle of Shengraben”. Retelling
(or reading).

Conversation on questions:

1. The description of the war begins with pictures of the review in Braunau. For what purpose was the review held in Braunau? How does the commander-in-chief appear? What is the attitude of ordinary soldiers towards him?

2. How is the Battle of Shengraben shown? Pay attention to the peculiarity of the composition of the description of the battle. (First Tolstoy gives big picture battlefield, then one of the heroes, and here A. Bolkonsky observes the positions “from above”, then the hero finds himself in the thick of the battle, observing the battle “from the inside”.)

According to Tolstoy, it is almost impossible to lead a battle; another leadership is needed - moral, raising the spirit of those fighting.

3. How is the soldier's mass shown? Who a real hero Battle of Shengraben? (Infantry officer Timokhin, artilleryman Tushin - the most important heroes The Battle of Shengraben in Tolstoy’s description.)

4. Why do Zherkov and Tushin behave differently in the same situation? What feat does Tushin accomplish? Why does the author emphasize non-military Tushin's appearance, Timokhin's inconspicuousness? (True greatness, true heroism is the lot of simple and humble soldiers.)

5. What is the reason for the success of the Russians in the battle? How does the author explain this “unexpected victory”? (In his description of the Battle of Shengraben, Tolstoy shows that the victory of Bagration’s detachment was determined by some kind of “internal fire,” the warmth of people’s patriotism.)

III. Work on the episode “Battle of Austerlitz”. Retelling(or reading).

Conversation on questions:

1. Tell us about the background of the battle, about the situation that developed before the battle.

2. What do the Russian Emperor, Prince Bolkonsky, and Nikolai Rostov dream about on the eve of the battle? (The Tsar thinks about the laurels of the winner, Andrei Bolkonsky thinks about his Toulon, Nikolai Rostov dreams of meeting the Tsar.)

Did their dreams come true?

3. Tell us about the battle.

What is the reason for the disorderly flight of the Absheronians?

The reason is the moral state of the army.

4. Why was the Battle of Austerlitz lost? (Not taking the battle seriously at the top, General Weyrother made a mistake in strategy, but main reason defeats, according to Tolstoy, in lack of fortitude mass of soldiers.)

5. Read the episode “Prince Andrei Bolkonsky on the Field of Austerlitz.”

6. What does the sky of Austerlitz mean in the spiritual quest of Andrei Bolkonsky? (Napoleon’s rapid career awakened ambition in Andrei Bolkonsky and made him dream of his Toulon. Bolkonsky waited for his finest hour.

Andrei raises the banner in the battle of Austerlitz, stops the flight of soldiers, and is seriously wounded. A sharp mental reaction sets in, disappointment in one’s ambitious dreams. But, having become disillusioned with his idol, Prince Andrei finds Eternal values“which I have never known before: the happiness of simply living, seeing the sky.)

Homework.

1. Reading Volume II of “War and Peace.”

2. Analysis of episodes (by groups):

џ “Bolkonsky’s arrival in Bald Mountains. Birth of a son, death of a wife"
(Vol. II, Part I, Chapter 9).

џ “Pierre in Freemasonry” (vol. II, part II, ch. 4, 5).

џ “Natasha Rostova’s First Ball” (vol. II, part III, chapters 15–16).

џ “Hunting Scene”, “Natasha Rostova’s Dance” (vol. II, part IV, ch. 6, 7).

Lesson 121
“MUST LIVE, MUST LOVE, MUST BELIEVE”
(L. N. TOLSTOY)(UNDERSTANDING THE CONTENTS OF VOLUME II
novel "WAR AND PEACE")

Goals: show peaceful life heroes of the epic in the period from 1806–1812, to help students penetrate into the spiritual world of the heroes, to comprehend the complexity and inconsistency of the behavior and quests of the heroes.

The first time we encounter the Bolkonsky family is in in full force at the end of the first part of the first volume, when everyone in Bald Mountains, on the Bolkonskys’ main estate, is awaiting the arrival of Prince Andrei and his wife. From this moment on, a lot, one might say almost everything, becomes clear about this family, about all their members. Starting with the old prince and ending with mlle Bourienne. Before we begin describing the family members, it should be said that everyone in the Bolkonsky family is special in their own way. If we draw a parallel with the Rostovs, we can immediately say: this is absolutely different people. The Rostovs are simple nobles, a good-natured father, a kind mother, a generous son, carefree children. Here everything is completely different. A dictator-father, a submissive daughter, a fearful daughter-in-law, and an independent son. This is an overview of the whole family, which gives some insight into the Bolkonskys. You can figuratively imagine the Bolkonskys as a triangle, at the top of which is their father, Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, on the other peak Andrei, and not the third, Princess Marya Bolkonskaya with Lisa, the wife of Prince Andrei. These are three fronts, three completely opposite groups (if one or two people can be called that) in the family.

Nikolai Bolkonsky

Most of all, the old prince valued “two virtues in people: activity and intelligence.” “He himself was involved in raising his daughter and, in order to develop both main virtues in her, he gave her lessons in algebra and geometry and distributed her whole life in continuous studies. He himself was constantly busy either writing his memoirs,” or “calculations from higher mathematics, either by turning snuff boxes on a machine, or by working in the garden and supervising the buildings that did not stop on his estate.” Living in the village, Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky reads a lot, he is aware of current events. Unlike the inhabitants of secular drawing rooms, he deeply worries about everything that happens in Russia, and believes that the duty of a nobleman is to serve his homeland. True love to his homeland and the consciousness of his duty to it resounds in his parting words son: “Remember one thing, Prince Andrei: if they kill you, it will hurt me, an old man... And if I find out that you did not behave like the son of Nikolai Bolkonsky, I will be... ashamed!” When in 1806 the theater of military operations approached Russian borders, Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, despite his venerable age, accepted the appointment as one of the eight commanders-in-chief of the militia. “He was constantly traveling around the three provinces entrusted to him; he was pedantic in his duties, strict to the point of cruelty with his subordinates, and he himself got down to the smallest details of the matter." In 1812, having learned about the capture of Smolensk by the French, the old Prince Bolkonsky decides to "stay in the Bald Mountains to the last extreme and defend himself." Thoughts about his homeland, about its fate, about the defeat of the Russian army do not leave him even in his dying hours. Nikolai Andreevich was a Russian gentleman, sometimes tyranny and despotism manifested themselves in him, but at the same time he was a man of enormous moral strength highly spiritually developed. The traits of Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky were inherited by his children - Prince Andrei and Princess Marya. Old Prince Bolkonsky did not want his daughter to be like secular women. He did not like idleness, worked himself and demanded that the princess’s life be filled with useful activities.

Andrey Bolkonsky

IN art world Tolstoy has heroes, persistently and purposefully searching for meaning lives striving for complete harmony with peace. They are not interested in social intrigues, selfish interests, empty conversations in high society salons. They are easy to recognize among arrogant, self-satisfied faces. These, of course, include one of the most bright images"War and Peace" - Andrei Bolkonsky. True, the first acquaintance with this hero does not evoke much sympathy, because he Beautiful face“with definite and dry features” spoils the expression of boredom and dissatisfaction. But it, as Tolstoy writes, is caused by the fact that “everyone who was in the living room was not only familiar, but was already so tired of him that he found it very boring to look at them and listen to them.” The author's extensive commentary suggests that a brilliant and idle, empty life does not satisfy the hero, who strives to break the vicious circle in which he finds himself. Prince Andrei, who, in addition to intelligence and education, strong will, decisively changes his life by entering service at the headquarters of the commander-in-chief. Bolkonsky dreams of heroism and glory, but his desires are far from vanity, for they are caused by the desire for the victory of Russian weapons, for the common good. Possessing hereditary pride, Andrei unconsciously separates himself from the world ordinary people. In the hero’s soul, the gap between his lofty dreams and earthly everyday life becomes deeper and deeper. His pretty wife Lisa, who once seemed perfect to him, turned out to be an ordinary, ordinary woman. And Andrei undeservedly insults her with his disdainful attitude. And the bustling life of the headquarters of the commander-in-chief, which Bolkonsky sees as the brain of the army, also turns out to be very far from ideal. Andrei firmly believes that his thoughts about saving the army will attract attention and interest and will serve the common good. But instead of saving the army, he has to save the doctor’s wife from the demands of the transport officer. This one, in general, Noble act seems too small and insignificant to Andrey in comparison with his heroic dream. The feat he accomplished during the Battle of Austerlitz, when he runs ahead of everyone with a banner in his hands, is full of external effect: even Napoleon noticed and appreciated it. But why, having done heroic deed, Andrey does not experience any delight and elation? Probably because at that moment when he fell, seriously wounded, a new lofty truth was revealed to him, along with the high endless sky, spreading a blue vault above him. Against his background, everything former dreams and the aspirations seemed small and insignificant to Andrei, the same as his former idol. A reassessment of values ​​took place in his soul. What seemed beautiful and sublime to him turned out to be empty and vain. And what he so diligently fenced himself off from was the simple and quiet family life, - now seems desirable to him, full of happiness and harmony. It is not known how Bolkonsky’s life with his wife would have turned out. But when, having risen from the dead, he returned home kinder and gentler, a new blow fell upon him - the death of his wife, to whom he was never able to make amends. Andrei tries to live a simple, calm life, touchingly caring for his son, improving the lives of his serfs: he made three hundred people free cultivators, and replaced the rest with dues. These humane measures, testifying to Bolkonsky’s progressive views, for some reason still do not convince of his love for the people. Too often he shows contempt for a peasant or a soldier, whom one can pity, but cannot respect. In addition, the state of depression and the feeling of the impossibility of happiness indicate that all the transformations cannot completely occupy his mind and heart. Changes in the heavy state of mind Andrei's story begins with the arrival of Pierre, who, seeing his friend's depressed mood, tries to instill in him faith in the existence of a kingdom of goodness and truth that should exist on earth. Andrei's final revival to life occurs thanks to his meeting with Natasha Rostova. The description emanates poetry and charm moonlit night and Natasha's first ball. Communication with her opens up a new sphere of life for Andrey - love, beauty, poetry. But it is with Natasha that he is not destined to be happy, because there is no complete mutual understanding between them. Natasha loves Andrei, but does not understand and does not know him. And she also remains a mystery to him with her own, special inner world. If Natasha lives every moment, unable to wait and postpone until a certain time the moment of happiness, then Andrei is able to love from a distance, finding a special charm in anticipation of the upcoming wedding with his beloved girl. The separation turned out to be too difficult a test for Natasha, because, unlike Andrei, she is not able to think about something else, to keep herself busy with something. The story with Anatoly Kuragin destroys the possible happiness of these heroes. Proud and proud Andrei is unable to forgive Natasha for her mistake. And she, experiencing painful remorse, considers herself unworthy of such a noble, ideal person. Fate separates loving people, leaving bitterness and pain of disappointment in their souls. But she will unite them before Andrei’s death, because Patriotic War 1812 will change a lot in their characters. When Napoleon entered Russia and began to rapidly advance, Andrei Bolkonsky, who hated the war after being seriously wounded at Austerlitz, joined the active army, refusing a safe and promising service at the headquarters of the commander-in-chief. Commanding a regiment, the proud aristocrat Bolkonsky becomes close to the mass of soldiers and peasants, learns to appreciate and respect the common people. If at first Prince Andrei tried to arouse the courage of the soldiers by walking under bullets, then when he saw them in battle, he realized that he had nothing to teach them. He begins to look at the men in soldiers' greatcoats as patriotic heroes who courageously and steadfastly defended their Fatherland. Andrei Bolkonsky comes to the idea that the success of the army does not depend on the position, weapons or number of troops, but on the feeling that exists in him and in every soldier. This means that he believes that the mood of the soldiers, the general morale of the troops are a decisive factor for the outcome of the battle. But still, the complete unity of Prince Andrei with common people Did not happen. It is not for nothing that Tolstoy introduces a seemingly insignificant episode about how the prince wanted to swim on a hot day, but due to his disgust towards the soldiers wallowing in the pond, he was never able to fulfill his intention. Andrei himself is ashamed of his feelings, but cannot overcome it. It is symbolic that at the moment of his mortal wound, Andrei experiences a great craving for simple earthly life, but immediately thinks about why he is so sorry to part with it. This struggle between earthly passions and ideal, cold love for people becomes especially acute before his death. Having met Natasha and forgiven her, he feels a surge of vitality, but this reverent and warm feeling is replaced by some kind of unearthly detachment, which is incompatible with life and means death. Thus, revealing in Andrei Bolkonsky many remarkable features of a patriotic nobleman. Tolstoy ends his path of quest with heroic death for the sake of saving his homeland. And in the novel, his friend and like-minded person Pierre Bezukhov is destined to continue this search for higher spiritual values, which remained unattainable for Andrei.

Maria Bolkonskaya

The princess lives permanently on the Bald Mountains estate with her father, an illustrious nobleman of Catherine’s, exiled under Paul and who has not gone anywhere since then. Her father, Nikolai Andreevich, is not a pleasant person: he is often grumpy and rude, scolds the princess as a fool, throws notebooks and, to top it all off, is a pedant. And here is the portrait of the princess: “The mirror reflected an ugly, weak body and thin face". And then Tolstoy seemed amazed by what he saw: "the princess's eyes, large, deep and radiant (as if rays warm light sometimes they came out of them like sheaves), they were so beautiful that very often, despite the ugliness of the whole face, these eyes became more attractive than beauty*. Together with Prince Andrei, Princess Marya is shown to us in the novel as a perfect, absolutely integral psychologically, physically and morally human type. At the same time, like any woman, according to Tolstoy, she lives in a constant, unconscious expectation of love and family happiness. That the eyes are the mirror of the soul, common place. But the princess’s soul is truly beautiful, kind and gentle. And it is Marya’s eyes that shine with her light. Princess Marya is smart, romantic and religious. She humbly endures her father's eccentric behavior, his mockery and ridicule, without ceasing to endlessly deeply and strongly love him. She loves the “little princess,” loves her nephew Nikolai, loves her French companion who betrayed her, loves her brother Andrei, loves, without being able to show it, Natasha, loves the vicious Anatole Kuragin. Her love is such that everyone nearby obeys its rhythms and movements and dissolves in it. Tolstoy gives Princess Marya an amazing destiny. He realizes for her any of the wildest romantic dreams of a provincial young lady. She experiences betrayal and the death of loved ones, she is saved from the hands of her enemies by the brave hussar Nikolinka Rostov, her future husband(how can one not remember Kozma Prutkov: “If you want to be beautiful, join the hussars”). A long languor of mutual love and courtship, and in the end - a wedding and a happy family life. Sometimes one gets the impression that the author is elegantly and cleverly parodying countless French novels that were an integral part of " women's world"and had a significant influence on the formation spiritual world Russian young lady early XIX century. Of course, this is not a direct parody. Tolstoy is too big for this. Special literary device every time he takes Princess Marya outside the plot. Every time she sensibly and logically comprehends any “romantic” or similar combination of events. (Let us remember her reaction to the adultery of Anatol Kuragin and the French woman Bourien.) Her intelligence allows her to stand with both feet on the ground. Her dreaminess, developed by novels, allows her to think of some parallel, second “romantic” reality. Her religiosity stems from her moral sense, but it is kind-hearted and open to the world. Undoubtedly, its literary predecessor attracts attention in this context. This, of course, is Lizonka from " Queen of Spades"Pushkin. In some cases, the pattern of their destinies coincides down to the smallest detail. “Lizaveta Ivanovna was a domestic martyr,” writes Pushkin, “she spilled tea and received reprimands for an extra piece of sugar; she read novels aloud and was to blame for all the author's mistakes." How can one not recall the life of Princess Marya with her father in Bald Mountains and Moscow! In the image of Princess Marya there is much less literary typicality and much more of a living, tremulous soul and human attractiveness than others female characters novel. Together with the author, we, the readers, take an active part in her fate. In any case, real pleasure comes from the description of her cozy family happiness with her limited but deeply beloved husband among her children, relatives and friends.

Lisa Bolkonskaya

Prince Andrei's wife. She is the darling of the whole world, an attractive young woman whom everyone calls “the little princess.” “Her pretty upper lip, with a slightly blackened mustache, was short in teeth, but the more sweetly it opened and the more sweetly it sometimes stretched out and fell onto the lower one. As is always the case with quite attractive women, her shortcomings - short lips and half-open mouth - seemed to be special, actually her beauty. It was fun for everyone to look at this pretty expectant mother, full of health and liveliness, who endured her situation so easily." Lisa was everyone's favorite thanks to her always liveliness and courtesy secular woman, she could not imagine her life without high society. But Prince Andrei did not love his wife and felt unhappy in his marriage. Lisa does not understand her husband, his aspirations and ideals. After Andrei leaves for the war, Lisa lives in the Bald Mountains with the old Prince Bolkonsky, for whom she feels fear and hostility. Lisa has a presentiment of her imminent death and actually dies during childbirth.

Nikolenka Bolkonsky

Another Nikolai Bolkonsky - Nikolenka - will continue the ideas of his father. In "Epilogue" he is 15 years old. For six years he was left without a father. And even before the age of six, the boy spent little time with him. In the first seven years of Nikolenka’s life, his father participated in two wars, stayed abroad for a long time due to illness, devoted a lot of energy to transformative activities in the Speransky commission (of which the old prince was proud, who would probably have been upset if he had learned about Prince Andrei’s disappointment in government activities). The dying Bolkonsky leaves his son something like an old encrypted will about the “birds of the air.” He does not say these gospel words out loud, but Tolstoy says that the prince’s son understood everything, even more than a wise adult could understand life experience Human. As a “bird of heaven”, which in the Gospel is a symbol of the soul, not having “image and form”, but constituting one essence - love - Prince Andrei comes, as promised, to Nikolenka after his death. The boy dreams of the Father - love for people, and Nikolenka takes an oath to sacrifice himself (it is not for nothing that Mucius Scaevola comes to mind) at the command of the Father (Father is a word written, of course, not by chance with a capital letter).

Literature lesson in 10th grade.

Teacher MKOU"Okhochevskaya secondary comprehensive school»

Fedosova Galina Ivanovna.

Episode analysis. Name day at the Rostovs. Bald Mountains.

Lesson objectives:

show what values ​​are affirmed

L.N. Tolstoy; reveal comparison and contrast as

basic compositional principle novel.

Objectives: develop artistic analysis skills

Lesson type: combined

Teaching aids: interactive whiteboard, disk “Lessons of the Literature of Cyril and Methodius”, Audio textbook for grade 10 “Literature of the 19th century”

Lesson structure

1.Organizational stage 1 min.

2.Checking homework 5 min.

3. Updating previously studied material 4 min.

4 . Episode analysis.

1) Name day at the Rostovs. View illustrations. 8 min.

2) Bald Mountains. Viewing a film fragment (Episode Analysis) 12 min.

3) Work with the simulator 3 min.

4) Illustrations of the audio textbook (Comments from students) 5 min.

5. Summing up the lesson. Conclusions. 5 minutes.

6. Homework. 2 minutes.

During the classes

What does a person need to be happy?

Quiet family life with plenty to do

good to people.

L.N. Tolstoy (Epigraph on the board)

I. Let's start our lesson by checking your homework. You were asked in writing, in the form of a table, to show what the differences and similarities are in the behavior of guests and hosts at the Rostovs’ name day and in A.P. Scherer’s salon.

Students read from a notebook. Then they check using the table on the screen.

On what basis did we compare the episodes? (based on the principle of contrast)

How are the chapters about the Rostovs presented?

(Interspersed with chapters about the death of Count Bezukhov)

What helps us understand the comparison technique?

(Complexity and diversity of life)

While the Rostovs were dancing the sixth anglaise in the hall... the sixth blow happened with Count Bezukhov.

Episodes “Salon A.P. Scherer" and "Name Day at the Rostovs" are linked by contrast.

Coupling - this is what Tolstoy called the internal connection individual chapters and paintings.

So, from the very beginning of the novel, the technique of comparison becomes the leading one.

Subtle Explorer human soul, Tolstoy argued that “People are like rivers, each has its own channel, its own source.

This source is native home, family, its traditions and way of life.(“Family Thought”)

What atmosphere reigns in the Rostov house? (Name days of two Natalias. Student’s message)

Illustrations on the screen (Rostov).

Students are asked to find the corresponding lines in the text.

What does M.D. say about Natasha? Akhrosimova? (Find in text)

Everything here is natural, there is no falsehood.

Conclusion: The Rostovs and Scherer are people of the same class, but different. The Rostovs are characterized by such qualities as simplicity, cordiality, natural behavior, heartfelt love, nobility, sensitivity, at the same time adherence to a secular lifestyle and secular conventions, but they are not based on calculation and self-interest. An atmosphere of joy and fun reigns in the Rostov family.

From Moscow the action moves to Bald Mountains, the estate of General-Chief N.A. Bolkonsky, where Prince Andrei Bolkonsky is expected to go to war.

The life of the Bolkonskys is somewhat similar to the life of the Rostovs, but there are also differences.

WATCHING A FILM FRAGMENT(N.A. Bolkonsky escorts his son to the war, his parting speech)

Student messages.

What distinguishes the Bolkonskys from the Rostovs?

Conclusion. What distinguishes the Bolkonskys from the Rostovs deep work thoughts, high intelligence all family members, characteristic feature is pride.

Test on the interactive whiteboard.

Think about which family is closer to L.N. Tolstoy?

Teacher's word. Starting to work on the novel, Tolstoy sought to determine the characters of the heroes of the novel and compiled a kind of “questionnaire” on them under the following headings: property, social, love, mental, family.

In the process of creating the novel, many of the original characteristics changed, but the main content of almost each of the images was taken by Tolstoy from these “questionnaires.”

In the early drafts of the novel, the writer calls Count Rostov Tolstoy.

Working with illustrations.

What episode is this in the novel? (This is Bald Mountains. Andrei Bolkonsky and Marya Bolkonskaya).

(Tenth graders find a conversation between a young prince and his sister in the text of the novel)

As a conclusion, I offer the material from the audio textbook.

Let's turn to the epigraph.

At L.N. Tolstoy has a completely happy Russian family that he loves - the Rostovs. Tolstoy writes that with the younger generation, a ray of sun penetrates into the living room.

Conclusion. Summing up the lesson.

The novel is built on antitheses. This part of the novel (volume 1) is an exposition of the entire novel: it shows the main layers of Russian society, outlines the main storylines, reflecting the complexity and diversity of life.

Homework: write in your notebook how the author feels about the standards of life of the Rostovs and Bolkonskys, what are moral values these families.

Individual tasks by cards.