Phraseologism drawings and their meaning. Phraseologisms in pictures, primary school teacher of the municipal educational institution "Gornorechenskaya oosh" Kovalskikh Tatyana Vasilievna

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Target: study the peculiarities of phraseological combinations, deepen and expand children’s knowledge and ideas about phraseological combinations, teach how to correctly use phraseological units in speech, and use various phraseological dictionaries.

Tasks:

Develop speech skills, cognitive interest in learning Russian language, improve students' communication skills.
To promote more durable and conscious assimilation of the studied language material, enrichment vocabulary students, improving speech culture.
To introduce students to the world of oral folk art - proverbs, sayings, catchphrases.

Equipment, materials, visual aids: presentation, S.I. Ozhegov “Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language”, V.P. Zhukov “School phrasebook Russian language”, cards with tasks, children’s drawings on the topic “phraseologisms”.

Course of extracurricular activities

I. Updating knowledge.

The topic of our lesson today is “Funny phraseological units.” (Slide 1)

Guys, let's remember what phraseological units are...

Phraseologisms are stable combinations of words (Slide 2).

Why do we need phraseological units? (Slide 3)

They make our speech expressive, emotional, and bright.

Examples of phraseological units, with explanations of meaning (Slide 4-9):

To tell a big lie is to tell a lie.
Notch (oneself) on the nose - remember firmly, once and for all.
Chasing two rabbits means doing several things at the same time.
Like a chicken paw - write carelessly and illegibly, so you can’t understand.
Sloppy - be reluctant to work, work haphazardly.
It pours like buckets - a very strong stream, streams (about torrential rain).

II. Main part.

Phraseologisms used in the Russian language can be found in dictionaries. One of these dictionaries is the School Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language by V.P. Zhukova.

Interpretation of meaning, examples of the use of unfamiliar words and phraseological units can be found in the Explanatory Dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova.

There are also colorful, funny phraseological dictionaries created specifically for children, where each phraseological unit is supported by a funny picture and poem - this is the Funny Phraseological Dictionary by E.V. Lavrentieva.

We have given examples of only some of the most famous dictionaries, but in fact there are a huge number of them.

Where did phraseological units come from? (Slide 11).

Based on their origin, phraseological units are divided into:

Originally Russian (reel in fishing rods, spread wings).
Old Slavonic (like the apple of your eye, not of this world).
From different professions (exaggerating, knight's move).
From mythology (Achilles' heel, Ariadne's thread).
Created by writers (naked king, happy hours are not observed).

Task 1. “Remove the extra one” (cards on a magnetic board)

Which of the two phrases is a phraseological unit, and why do you think so?

golden teeth - golden hands
disservice - bear den
wolf tail - wolfish appetite
come to mind - come to school
the firewood flared up - the eyes flared up
important detail- important bird
bitter truth - bitter medicine
accept products - take part
leave the room - get out of the situation
knock down from a tree - confuse

Task 2. Warm-up “Find a pair” (highlighting the pair in the same color) (Slide 12)

Find a couple of similar phraseological units and explain their meaning:

Task 3. “Choose a phraseological unit” (orally).

Name the phraseological units in these sentences.

1. He almost let it slip, but bit his tongue in time.

2. Nikita was blown away from the veranda like the wind.

3. No, here we need to think it through carefully.

4. Let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him smell gunpowder, let him be a soldier.

5. Rolling up my sleeves, I took out the live fish that were slipping out of my hands and threw them to the bottom of the boat.

6. Pyotr Sergeevich has long given up on life and lives reluctantly.

7. Nastenka, my sister! I won’t let the mosquito fly offend you, I’ll carry you in my arms!

Task 4. “Replace with phraseological units.” (Slide 13)

To complete the next task, we need to remember what a synonym is.

Synonyms are words of the same part of speech, different in spelling and sound, having identical (same) or similar lexical meaning.

Examples: by the word cheerful - joyful, festive, jubilant, rainbow, by the word wanderer - pilgrim, traveler, wayfarer, pilgrim. Synonyms form a series of words called a synonymous series. In a series, one of the synonyms is the main one; in dictionaries, as a rule, it is placed in first place.

Synonyms are used in speech for:

A more accurate and true expression of thought is alien and foreign;

Givings emotional coloring;

Avoiding tautology (repetition);

Connections of adjacent sentences in the text.

Exercise: Replace the named word with a synonymous phraseological unit. (interactive whiteboard) (Slide 14-15)

Accurately - not in the eyebrow, but in the eye.
Unexpectedly - out of the blue.
It's cramped - there's nowhere for an apple to fall.
It's dark - you can't help but poke your eyes out.
An experienced one is a shot sparrow.
Wet - not a single, dry thread.
To be silent is to keep your mouth shut.
Praise - raise to heaven.
To deceive is to deceive.
To beat is to crush the sides.
Disappear - dissipate like smoke.
Very little - as big as a ginger's nose.

Task 5. “Finish the phraseological unit” (Slide 16)

1) Finish the phraseological unit. (interactive board)

Trembling like... an aspen leaf.
Rolls around like... cheese in butter.
Bring to light.
Keep it... with a tight rein.
It strikes like... a bolt from the blue.
Boil in... your own juice.
Sit in one's hands.
Have at one's fingertips.

2) Finish the phraseological unit (work in groups) (Check on the slide - Slide 17)

(Answer: wolf, fox, hare, bull, snake, hedgehog, turkey, fish, pig, donkey, magpie.);

Task 6. “Guess the profession” (interactive board) (Slide 18)

Name the profession where this phraseological unit appeared.

Cut with one brush. - Hairdresser.
On a live thread. - Tailor,
Lay down your weapons. - Military.
Take aim. - Hunter.
Cast a fishing rod. - Fisherman.
A teaspoon per hour. - Doctor.
Play first violin. - Musician.
Sing from someone else's voice. - Singer.
Discover America. - Traveler.
Wait by the sea for weather. - Fisherman.
Fall into the trap. - Hunter.
Take the bit between your teeth. - Groom.
Thicken the colors. - Artist.
Knight's move. - Chess player.
From a sick head to a healthy one. - Doctor.
Nose off. - Hunter.

Task 7. “Pantomime”

The team shows the opponents phraseology using gestures, facial expressions and objects. We need to name it correctly. (work in groups)

Sit in galoshes.
Lead by the nose.
In the bag.
It's raining cats and dogs.
Tie hands.
Lather your neck.
Shedding crocodile tears.
Roar in three streams.
Pull your ears.

III. Physical education minute.

IV. Consolidation of knowledge.

Task 8. “Illustrations” (interactive whiteboard) (Slide 19-25)

Name the phraseological unit based on the illustration and explain its meaning.

Task 9. “Remember the phraseological units, the beginning, which are given in the text” (Slide 26):

1. You must be responsible for your actions, and not hide...

2. In the garden plot, the guys worked together, trying not to hit...

3. They rushed to look for the newcomer. and there's a trace of him...

4. Serezha and Misha have a strong friendship: their water...

5. You always exaggerate, make a fool of yourself...

6. We ask him, but he’s like water...

7. Petya was offended by his comrades’ comments and sulked like...

Task 10. “Explain the meaning of phraseological units...” (Slide 27)

Lead by the nose...
Hanging your ears...
Sharpen your teeth...
Nose off...
To make mountains out of molehills...
Bite your tongue...
Scratch your tongue...
Ogle...
Not at ease...

Task 11. “Guess what it is?” (orally)

a) They hang him out of despondency; he is bullied, arrogant; they shove it everywhere, interfering in things that aren’t their business.

b) Not flowers, but withering; not their hands, but clapping them if they don’t understand something; not laundry, but they are hung out by overly gullible experimental subjects.

c) It is in the head of a frivolous, frivolous person; it is advised to look for it in the field when someone has disappeared without a trace; words and money are thrown at him by those who do not value them.

(Answers: Nose. Ears. Wind.)

Task 12. How do they talk about it?

Choose a phraseological unit that suits its meaning:

About someone who often changes his decisions.
About a person who is difficult to make believe or convince of anything.
About a meek and harmless person.
About excessive politeness.
About a talkative person.
About a situation where danger threatens from two sides.

(Answers: He has seven Fridays a week. Doubting Thomas. It won't hurt a fly. Chinese ceremonies. His tongue is boneless. Between two fires.)

V. Summary of the lesson (Slide 28).

Name phraseological units that you remembered and liked during the event.

Thanks everyone for the activity.

Today we did not pour from empty to empty, but worked tirelessly. And although by the end of the lesson we were a little tired, we did not lose our temper, but pulled ourselves together and continued working. And there was not a single person in the class who turned a blind eye to the work of their classmates.

Literature (Slide 29).

Betenkova N.M. Games and entertaining exercises in Russian lessons. – M., 1998.
Volina V.V. Fun grammar. M., 1995.
Lavrentieva E.V. Cheerful phraseological dictionary - Moscow: ROOSSA, 2010. - 143 p. : ill. – (My first encyclopedia).
Osokina O. Phraseology // Primary School. – 2007.
Rose T.V. Large phraseological dictionary for children. – M.: OLMA Media Group, 2008.
https://ru.wikipedia.org

Before you start getting acquainted with this topic, you need to remember what phraseological units are.
In our case, the definition of the term is perceived much more difficult than illustrating it with examples. Let's give both the first and the second.

Free interpretation: phraseological unit is a stable combination of words used in a certain situation and expressing a meaning not associated with each of the words used separately. As a rule, a phraseological unit can be replaced with a one-word synonym.
Examples of phraseological units:
- cut it on your nose
- the thief’s hat is on fire
- sit on the neck
- scratch tongues
- and so on.

Communicating with children preschool age, often both teachers and parents diligently embellish their speech with phraseological units, without realizing the degree to which children understand such constructions. As observations show, a fairly large percentage of kindergarten students are not aware of the hidden meaning for them in such sayings.

To make your speech clearer for children, and your children’s speech brighter and more expressive, you can conduct entertaining analyzes of phraseological units with preschool children. In the process of practicing phraseological units, we also hone other speech skills - high-quality pronunciation, voice strength, ability to answer in complete sentences, skill in formulating questions, etc.

For example, such a sequence of work is acceptable.

The adult voices the phraseological unit and offers the child two options for the development of events.
A) - Will you explain to me what this expression means and in what cases it is used?
B) - I will tell you the answer options, and you choose the correct one.
Next, act in accordance with the child’s choice. Most children choose option B), as the safest - there is less chance of making a mistake, but when analyzing the next phraseological unit, constantly emphasize that adults, confident children themselves can guess what the expression means and do not wait for a hint from the teacher.
After discussing the answer, we show a suitable picture and recall relevant incidents from life or fairy tales.
At the end of the analysis of each phraseological unit, we summarize - we briefly and succinctly voice the correct answer.

Discussion with children of the phraseological unit “eyes ran wide” can be carried out in this way.

Who can tell me what this expression means: “my eyes ran wide”? In what cases do they say this?
I will give three answer options and you will try to choose the correct option. “Eyes ran wide” this means that:
- in the fairy tale, the eyes ran for a walk along the path...
- a serious disease in which each eye rotates on its own and looks where it wants...
- there are so many interesting things around that your eyes look first at one thing, then at another and cannot choose anything, so you like everything right away....
Look. In the picture, the girl Zina’s eyes are also wide-eyed, why do you think?
There was a time in my life when my eyes went wild. Once during a holiday, my grandmother suggested that I go to a cafe for ice cream, my grandfather invited me to the zoo, and my dad brought me tickets to an amusement park! I was allowed to choose only one entertainment, but my eyes ran wide, I even got upset because I wanted to try everything at once!!! By the way, I chose the zoo because the next day he was leaving for another city, and we could go to another holiday for ice cream and amusement rides.
Have you ever had a situation where your eyes wandered and you wanted everything at once and couldn’t choose one thing? Tell me.
So, “your eyes run wide” - that’s what they say about a person when he can’t choose one thing from many options....

Other phraseological units are analyzed in a similar way. It is advisable not to rely on your ability to get out of difficult situations and prepare in advance for the consideration of each phraseological unit, thinking through your speech, selecting examples, composing your reasoning and narratives.

10.

Instructions

Having drawn the most important thing - the head dandelion, go to the image of the stem. It should be thin, but at the same time proportional to the head. Draw two fine lines and connect them to the head dandelion. Then, taking another brush, paint the stem with light green paint. The stem needs to be so that it creates the illusion that it is slightly buried in. If you learn to draw it this way, the dandelion will turn out more like a real one.

Leaves dandelion draw after you have drawn the flower itself and the stem. For this you will also need a lot of effort. First draw the frame of the leaf. Use a small brush for this. Be sure to learn how to carve leaves. To do this, first of all, take a close look at how they look on a real one. dandelion. After the leaves are depicted, paint over them and the drawing can be considered ready.

Helpful advice

The other flowers and grass depicted around the dandelion will add additional expressiveness to the design. Dandelion goes well, in particular, with daisies or buttercups. Please note, however, that blue flowers, such as bells, or blue, for example, violets will not look next to a dandelion. Therefore, try to draw flowers that are similar in color to the dandelion.

In the process of learning the basics of drawing, you need to constantly perform more complex tasks. After you have already passed the stage of becoming familiar with the rules of depicting a person, you can complicate the task and try to draw a person of a certain profession, for example, teachers.

You will need

-pencil;
-eraser.

Instructions

First, decide how exactly you are going to teach - it will be a portrait, a static drawing in full height or dynamic image. The easiest way is to use a photograph or picture from which you will copy the details.

For those who are just learning fine arts, do not immediately pick up a brush and paints. Sketch on paper using a lead pencil. It is very important that it is made as accurately as possible, conveying all the features and subtleties. In this case, all body proportions must be observed. If you are a beginner painter, then try a teacher standing straight. Draw vertical line and, imagining it, break it into segments that will correspond to the legs, torso, neck, head.

Start gradually drawing out the details, using the picture as a reference. Work on your face thoroughly first. Perhaps for a beginner, painting the features of facial expressions will be a difficult task. But try to at least give the teacher's face seriousness by depicting pursed lips and glasses.

Next, move on to sketching the clothes. Obviously it must be strict. Draw its details, trying to see all the subtleties in the sample picture. Next draw the boots. It is best if your first experience is supervised by a more artist, who, in the process of creating a drawing, will tell you how best to apply strokes and emphasize this or that detail.

After finishing the main drawing, try to work no less carefully on the details that turn the person depicted into a teacher. So, in his hand there may be a pointer or - such objects are not difficult to depict. You can also draw or books.

Video on the topic

Phraseologisms make a person’s speech richer and more varied. They are constantly used by people Everyday life and talking with friends and loved ones. Often many people don't even notice it.

A phraseological unit is an expression or phrase, the meaning of which cannot be expressed by individual words. components. In other words, the literal interpretation of a is most often erroneous. It is necessary to know the meaning of the entire expression as a whole, since it is unlikely that it will be possible to parse it. That is why the study of phraseological units is one of the greatest problems for those who comprehend languages. As a rule, one or another occurs due to some literary works or historical events. In addition, all kinds of folk phraseological units are fully understood, the meaning of which is difficult to judge in individual words. The main task of such allegorical expressions is, first of all, to enrich speech, spoken or written, giving it a characteristic emotional coloring, liveliness and imagery. However, an overabundance of phraseological units can give speech excessive vernacularity and naivety, which is completely unacceptable in official communication or in the preparation of business documents and scientific works. One of bright examples phraseological units can be called the expression “ate”. It does not at all imply that the one to whom it referred actually ate the dog, but only reports great experience and knowledge in some matter or matter. Likewise, the expression “shoe a flea” is only character. It is thanks to Nikolai Leskov’s tale about the master Lefty, who was distinguished by his unique precision and ability to work with the smallest details. All these allegories are capable of inducing any foreigner. Phraseologisms you can only learn them by heart, remembering their meaning, since in most cases they cannot be translated. The only type of phraseological units that may be completely understandable to some foreigners are calque expressions transferred verbatim from other languages.

Video on the topic

There are several ways in which phraseological units arise. They can appear based on individual words or phrases. Very often, phraseological units are born from proverbs and sayings by changing their meaning or lexical composition. Literature and folklore are also a source of phraseological units.

The main sources of formation of phraseological units

Often phraseological units arise from individual words. Later they begin to practically replace it. “In the suit of Adam” means “naked,” “master of the taiga” means a bear, and “king of beasts” means a lion.

From phraseological units, phraseological units appear with the help of metaphor (“to ride like cheese in butter” - to live in abundance) or metonymy (“with bread and salt” - to greet).

Often, proverbs and sayings become the material for creating phraseological units. In this case, as a rule, from general composition A fragment of the proverb stands out. For example, from the proverb “A dog lies in the manger, does not eat itself and does not give it to the cattle,” “dog in the manger” appeared. This is what they say about a person who holds on to something unnecessary and does not allow others to use it.

Quotes from literary works can also be attributed to the sources from which phraseological units are formed. "Ward number six" means a madhouse (according to work of the same name A.P. Chekhov), “monkey labor” is meaningless work for no one (I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Monkey”), “being left with nothing” means being left with nothing (“Fairy Tale” by A.S. Pushkin), etc. .

Russian folklore is also one of the sources of the emergence of phraseological units. Many of them owe their appearance to the Russians folk tales, such as “The Tale of a White Man” (endless repetition of the same thing), “Lisa Patrikeevna” (a cunning, flattering person), etc.

Phraseologisms can be born by isolating them from other phraseological units. This happens most often by changing the lexical composition or changing the meaning. Sometimes both ways at the same time. For example, the phraseological unit “on you, God, what is not good for us” can sound like “on you, God, what is not good for us” (“ungods” were called the beggars, the wretched). Often the structure of the phrase itself changes, as in the case of the phraseological unit “however.” In the 19th century it meant "quickly, easily" instead of the current "surely".

Sometimes the composition is updated to achieve expression in works of art. For example, “With every fiber of his suitcase he strove abroad” (from “ Notebooks"I. Ilf and E. Petrov). Outside the context of the work (most often humorous), this looks like a mistake.

Popular games, historical events and the customs of the people also replenished the phraseological stock of the language. So “playing spillikins” comes from the name of an ancient game. According to her rules, it was necessary to pull out the scattered spillikins one by one so that they did not touch each other. Phraseologism means a waste of time. When people talk about disorder “as Mamai passed,” they imagine the historical invasion of the Tatars led by Khan Mamai in the 14th century.

Where did the phraseological phrase “hedgehog gloves” come from?

Remember firmly - firmly, once and for all. In the old days, the nose was the name given to sticks and tablets that illiterate people carried with them to make various notes and notches on them. Literally, notching on the nose meant making notches on the board (nose) about what needs to be remembered, not forgotten.

“If you chase two hares, you won’t catch either,” says a Russian proverb. You shouldn’t take on several things at once, it will be of little use. Do one thing - then start another. There is also an expression to kill two birds with one stone. Here the meaning is somewhat different: to successfully complete two things at the same time; achieve two goals.

Little Petya was ridiculed by his dad: “Why are you WRITING LIKE A CHICKEN’S FOOT?” The poor child squeaked offendedly: “I’m not a chicken, just a chicken!”

According to biblical history, God sent the Jews every morning during their exodus from Egypt through the desert to the promised land - manna. It is assumed that the prototype of manna were the seeds of edible lichen (edible lecanora), which are very light and can be carried by the wind over long distances. Nomads have long made flour from them and baked flat cakes. The emerging expression “manna from heaven” began to be used to mean something valuable and rare. When they are looking forward to something cherished, they say the phrase “wait like manna from heaven.”

“Dear Giraffe! Knowing your kind disposition, I hope that we will certainly become friends with you. It's hot in Africa, but here it rains in buckets at the height of summer. What do you say to this? We have found a job for you (One day off - Saturday) Disperse the clouds in the sky. Let me hug you. Every evening in the rain, We are really, really waiting for you.”

To exaggerate something, to give something unjustified great importance. There is an analogue of this phraseological unit in other languages. For example, in Latin this expression sounds like making from a stream big river, the French have their own proverb - “make a mountain out of nothing”, the British - “make a mountain out of a molehill”, in German - “make an elephant out of a mosquito”, the Spanish version - “look through a magnifying glass”. In general, among all nations this expression means that someone greatly exaggerates, turning an insignificant fact into a big event.