Feats in everyday life arguments. Literary Arguments: The Problem of Heroism

The problem of manifestation of heroism. According to V. A. Kaverin

What was the feat of Soviet soldiers during the Great Patriotic War? It is this question that arises when reading the text of the Russian Soviet writer Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin, the author of the novel “Two Captains”.

Revealing the problem of the heroism of Soviet soldiers during the war, the author introduces us to his hero. This is Candidate of Philological Sciences, junior lieutenant Lev Nikolsky. A man who a week ago defended his dissertation on the topic “The Ancient Tales of European Nations” is now on a dead field, pitted by shells. This fact suggests that those who could continue to study their sciences, far from modernity, also went to war, but they could not do this, because they considered it their duty to fight for their homeland with those who came to their land on orders his Fuhrer, destroying and burning everything in his path.

Nikolsky was surrounded by Germans on all sides and, according to the rules of war, could have surrendered to the mercy of the winner, but he did not consider himself defeated and decided to continue firing the machine gun. Twelve of his comrades died; with him was only scout Petya Danilov, who was wounded in the chest. The courage and heroism of this hero was manifested in the fact that, wounded, he found the strength to crawl to a machine gun and start shooting, while reading poetry, which obviously gave him moral strength and strengthened his spirit. This example is a clear indication of the heroism and perseverance of Soviet soldiers.

The author's position is as follows: the feat of the Soviet soldiers was that they heroically, selflessly resisted the enemy, did not give up, even despite being wounded and lacking reinforcements.

It is impossible not to agree with the author's opinion. Indeed, Soviet soldiers showed miracles of heroism during the war, did not spare themselves, which is why they did the impossible - they stopped a strong enemy, defended their land and liberated Europe from fascism.
There are many works in Russian literature that reveal the feat of the Russian people during the Great Patriotic War. For example, in the story “The Fate of a Man” by M. A. Sholokhov, the feat of a simple Russian soldier Andrei Sokolov, who was carrying shells, was shown, and a German shell hit his car. The soldier was thrown out of the truck by the blast wave, lost consciousness, and then was captured. He endured a lot: hunger, unbearable work, bullying from the Germans, but he managed to escape and even captured an important German general and delivered a valuable witness to the Soviet unit.

In conclusion, we emphasize that only thanks to the heroism of Soviet soldiers the world was saved from fascism.

Text by V. A. Kaverin:

Arguments on the topic "War" from literature for essays
The problem of courage, cowardice, compassion, mercy, mutual assistance, care for loved ones, humanity, moral choice in war. The influence of war on human life, character and worldview. Participation of children in war. A person's responsibility for his actions.

What was the courage of soldiers in the war? (A.M. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”)

The problem of moral assessment of the fact of war. (M. Zusak "The Book Thief")

Is human consciousness capable of accepting the very fact of war? (L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, G. Baklanov “Forever – Nineteen Years Old”)

What feelings does the steadfastness of a defeated enemy evoke in the victor? (V. Kondratyev "Sashka")

How does war change a person’s worldview and character? (V. Baklanov “Forever - nineteen years old”)

The problem of the inhumanity of war. (I. Shmelev “Sun of the Dead”)

A person's responsibility for the actions he committed in war. Mental trauma of war participants. (V. Grossman "Abel")

What is war and how does it affect people? (K. Vorobyov “Killed near Moscow”)

Enemy bombers hovered over the Volga day and night. They chased not only tugboats and self-propelled guns, but also fishing boats and small rafts - sometimes the wounded were transported onto them.

Composition

In difficult times of war, when hunger and death become constant companions, not everyone is given the ability to sacrifice themselves for the good of the Motherland. In this text V.M. Bogomolov invites us to think about the problem of heroism.

Addressing this problem, the author cites as an example the story of the “heroic flight”, which during the Great Patriotic War was able to deliver ammunition to the other side through shelling and explosions. The writer focuses on the nondescript nature of the “steamboat” transporting a barge with boxes, and on the unimpressiveness of the crew itself, consisting of three people. However, all this was just a first impression. Later V.M. Bogomolov shows us the indestructibility of the “old Volgar”, who was not at all afraid of the shelling, and the self-sacrifice of Irina and the soldiers who, through smoke, fire and the risk of flying into the air at any moment, saved the boxes from the fire. The author brings us to the idea of ​​the incredible fortitude of the entire crew, ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of preserving ammunition and the further victory of their Fatherland in the war.

The author believes that heroism is a sense of duty to one’s people and one’s Fatherland. Selflessly defending their homeland during the war, the fighters are driven precisely by heroism, an urgent need to help their homeland in any way.

I completely agree with the opinion of the Soviet writer and also believe that a sense of patriotism, a sense of duty to the fatherland can force a person, despite any difficulties, to perform heroic deeds.

We can observe the manifestation of true heroism in Boris Polevoy’s story “The Tale of a Real Man.” This work is based on real facts from the biography of fighter pilot Alexei Maresyev, who, having been shot down in battle over occupied territory, with damaged feet, but not a broken spirit, made his way through the forest for a long time and ended up with the partisans. And later, having lost both legs, the hero, driven by the desire to do as much as possible for his country, again takes the helm and replenishes the treasury of aerial victories of the Soviet Union.

The problem of heroism and courage is also revealed in the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, who lost his entire family, was still able to repay his debt to his homeland with the last of his strength. He was a military driver until the end, and when he was captured, he was not embarrassed for a moment in front of Miller, was not afraid of death, and showed him all the power of the Russian character. Later, Sokolov escaped from captivity and, even being terribly exhausted and tormented, was still full of readiness to sacrifice himself for the sake of victory.

Thus, we can conclude that in the all-consuming, all-destructive conditions of war, the simplest person, endowed only with a deep sense of love for the Motherland and a sincere desire to help, can show himself to be a true hero.

Of the many topics that are provided in the Russian language exam for writing an essay, the topic “Heroism” can be especially highlighted.

The goal of Russian education is to raise a worthy and intelligent person who knows what he wants to achieve in life, a true patriot of his country. Increasing demands on the quality of the educational level of the population of the Russian Federation led to the introduction of the Unified State Exam, designed to test the knowledge of schoolchildren.

The Unified State Exam measures the knowledge of graduates after graduation, on the way to higher education, in various branches of science.

One of the most important subjects in the country in which schoolchildren are examined is the Russian language. This is literally the pillar on which the country is built, because only people who have their own system of oral communication can be considered a single people.

What is heroism

Heroism, in the understanding of people, is the accomplishment of a great feat by a person in the name of other people.

Heroes are not those who were born with this intention, but those who stand shoulder to shoulder for a common goal, driven by the concept of justice.

Self-sacrifice for a good cause that brings peace and prosperity to humanity is also considered heroism.

Accordingly, a hero is a person who performs a feat out of love for his neighbor, actively creates the fate of the world and is prone to altruistic behavior. From a psychological point of view, this concept can denote any individual who commits a noble act, overcoming his own fears and doubts.

Examples of heroic behavior can be found not only in literary sources, but also in the environment. Works telling about the exploits of heroes are often based on events taken from life.

The problem of heroism - arguments from literature for the Unified State Exam

The problem of heroism and the development of a person’s personality as a hero was raised by many writers in their works.

The most famous works of Russian authors are: B. Vasilyev “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet”, M. Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man” and B. Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man”.

Less known in modern Russia is the story “Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya” by V. Uspensky, which is based on the story of a young pioneer who, together with her friends, joined a partisan detachment and died heroically under Nazi torture.

The story by B. Polevoy is based on a real-life story about the pilot Alexei Maresyev. Shot down in enemy territory, he was able to pass through the thicket of the forest. Due to the fact that in extreme conditions there was no one to provide first aid, the man lost both legs, however, overcoming his own imperfections for the sake of his love for the sky, he was able to learn to fly an airplane while wearing prosthetics.

“The Fate of a Man” tells the story of Andrei, who defended his native Fatherland from Nazi Germany. Despite the news of the death of people close to him, the main character was able to survive and not give in to the horrors of war. The ability to empathize with people remained in him, despite the hardships and hardships that fate presented. This is most clearly expressed in his action: Andrei adopted a boy who had lost his family.

The heroes of the book “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” are ordinary people who, by the will of fate, found themselves in the forefront of the battle for the country. They could have survived, but their strongest desire was to protect their homeland, so their death was worthy.

Foreign literature also presents many works based on the heroism of ordinary people. You can highlight arguments from the works of famous authors.

A classic example is E. Hemingway’s story “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” where two people from different worlds meet - a bomber and an ordinary girl. Robert, who died in the explosion of the bridge, who knows that he is going to certain death, but did not deviate from the task entrusted to him, and Maria, who increasingly understands that she will not see her lover, but lets him go for the sake of the great goal - to put an end to the war that is tearing the country apart. parts. Which of them can be considered a real hero?

Another classic example of heroism can be considered the story of D. London “Love of Life”. The man in this creation does not save anyone but himself, however, his courage, determination and will to preserve life deserve the deepest respect, since many people, faced with the betrayal of friends, would surrender to the will of circumstances if they found themselves in a hostile area.

The problem of true and false heroism according to Tolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is one of the most famous Russian writers and thinkers, one of the greatest novelists in the world

For example, true heroism always comes “from the heart”, full of depth and purity of thoughts; false heroism manifests itself as the desire to “show off” without having deep motives inside. According to the classics of Russian literature, a person who commits a heroic act in order to be positively assessed by others cannot be a real hero.

The example here is Bolkonsky, who strives to accomplish “a beautiful feat that will certainly be appreciated by other people.”

True heroism lies in the fact that a person steps over his ego, not caring how beautiful he will look in the eyes of other people, and does everything possible for the well-being of the common cause.

The heroism of a Russian woman and mother

A woman in the literature of her native country is a collective image of several roles: mother, wife, daughter.

An example of the heroism of Russian young ladies can be the wives of the Decembrists, who followed their beloved husbands, who were exiled to distant, practically uninhabited lands.

Women, raised according to the laws of secular society, where exile means shame, were not afraid to leave comfortable conditions for the wilderness.

The second example of the heroism of a Russian woman is Vera Rozaltseva from Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?” The heroine represents a qualitatively new type of emancipated lady. She is not afraid of difficulties and actively implements her own ideas, while helping other girls.

If we consider female heroism using the example of a mother, we can highlight V. Zakrutkin’s story “Mother of Man.” Maria, a simple Russian woman who lost her family due to the Nazis, loses the will to live. The inhumanity of the war makes her “petrify her heart,” but the heroine finds the strength to live on and begins to help orphans who are also grieving for their departed relatives.

The image of the Mother presented in the story is deeply humane in relation to people. The author of the work presented to the reader such a quality of a woman as love for humanity, indivisible by nationality, faith, etc.

Heroism during the Great Patriotic War

The war with Germany brought many new names to the honor roll, some of whom became such posthumously. The fire of indignation that broke out at the inhumanity and unscrupulousness of the Fuhrer SS troops is manifested in partisan methods of warfare.

Two types of heroes can be distinguished during the Second World War:

• partisans;
• soldiers of the Army of the Soviet Union.

The first include the following people:

• Marat Kazei. After the Nazis killed his mother for harboring partisans, he went to fight with his sister at the partisan headquarters. He was awarded a medal for his courage in 1943, but died the following year at the age of 14 while performing a mission;
• Lenya Golikov. He joined the partisan detachment in 1942. For his numerous exploits, it was decided to award the hero a medal, but he never managed to receive it. In 1943 he was killed along with the detachment;
• Zina Portnova. She became a scout in 1943. She was caught while performing a mission and subjected to many tortures. In 1944 she was shot.

The second group includes the following people:

• Alexander Matrosov. He closed the embrasure with his body, allowing the detachment to pass through to carry out the combat mission;
• Ivan Panfilov. The division under his leadership fought bravely near Volokolamsk, repelling enemy attacks for six days;
• Nikolay Gastello. Directed a burning plane towards enemy troops. Died with honor.

Apart from people famous for their exploits and participation in the war, a huge number of heroes were never named by the country due to ignorance about them.

The problem of courage and heroism of sailors

War does not happen only on land. Both the firmament and the expanses of water are captured by it. Such is the inherent power of the destructive element - to draw everything and everyone into its networks. People of opposing sides clashed not only on land, but also in water.

• V. Kataev “Flag”. The Nazis offer to surrender to the Russian team of sailors, but the latter, realizing that they will die if they do not capitulate, still decide in favor of battle, defending the city;
• V. M. Bogomolov “Flight of the Swallows.” When transporting ammunition across the river, the steamer "Lastochka" is fired upon by fascist troops, and as a result of this action, a mine lands on a barge. Realizing the fact of danger, the captain, driven by the idea of ​​protecting his native fatherland, turns the helm and directs the ship towards the enemy.

Russian writers focus on the decisions of people whose main quality is courage. Brave behavior at high risk is still relevant today.

Courage and heroism today

There are heroes at any time, regardless of the circumstances of their environment. Nowadays, the names of those who accomplished feats in the name of humanity are engraved on the honor board.

These are ordinary children in everyday life and heroes in extreme situations:

• Evgeny Tabakov. At the age of seven, he saved his sister from a maniac, receiving a mortal wound;
• Julia Korol. Showed the highest level of courage when rescuing comrades as a result of the tragedy on Syamozero;
• Sasha Ershova. During an accident at a water park, she held a little girl above the water, preventing her from drowning.

The annals of the history of our days include not only the children presented above, but also many other modern people who actively help those who are weaker than their circumstances in high-risk situations.

In stories with a heroic way of life, the correct upbringing of their children by parents is of great importance. After all, the maturation of the future personality depends on how well the relatives convey norms and values ​​to the child.

How to write an essay on the topic “Heroism of the Russian people”

The heroic deeds of people over many generations formed the history of the exploits of the Russian state. Students who need to pass a specialized exam in the Russian language write an essay upon finishing 9th grade.

“How to write a creative assignment correctly?” - this question worries many schoolchildren who want to show the maximum result when testing.

The basis of any essay on a given topic is always a goal and a plan. The purpose of the essay is given in the assignment for it. The plan is developed by the student himself; it usually involves dividing the work into stages of work on it.

What does an essay plan consist of:

1. Introduction.
2. Main part.
3. Conclusion.

In addition to the main stages, the student should think about what arguments he will refer to when writing an essay; relevant presentation of information that the student would like to convey to the reader; correct use of Russian language means in the text.

For example, let’s consider the theme of the heroism of the Russian people using the example of Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don”. It is based on the history of the world of White Guards fighting for their ideals. They are doomed by history to disappear, but they fearlessly fight against the bitter truth of communism, which is forcibly implanted on the Cossack Don.

The epic clearly shows the problems that worried people of that time: the split of the population into two fronts (white and red guards), the desire to defend their truth, life and established order; clash of ideals of different groups of the population.

Sholokhov show the internal evolution of the heroes of their novel, their changes over time: both internal and external. For example, Dunyasha first appears to the audience as a “girl with pigtails”, but at the end of the novel she is an integral person who has independently chosen her path. Dunya, a descendant of a White Guard, chooses as her husband the communist who killed her brother.

The girl is an example of the highest sacrifice and heroism, as she is not afraid to step over the outdated stereotypes of society.

Conclusion

Each person decides for himself who to call a hero. S. Marshak, for example, in his poem about an unknown rescuer, draws the reader’s attention to the fact that any passerby could turn out to be such a hero.

L. Tolstoy in his epic distinguishes between the concepts of true and false heroism. False heroism, according to the writer, is the desire to show off in public, while a person’s real feat begins with the pure thoughts of his soul.

Absolutely anyone can become a hero, regardless of circumstances. No one knows what kind of life the little partisans would have lived if the Patriotic War had not happened in the 40s of the last century.

The most important thing in life is to be a person worthy of yourself; respect yourself as a person; strive for the stars and help people who are lost in life.

Discussions about correct behavior are nothing without practical application. Big things always start with small things. Becoming a hero starts with helping those in need.

War is the most difficult and difficult time for all people. These are experiences, fear, mental and physical pain. The hardest thing at this time is for the participants in the war and hostilities. They are the ones who protect the people, risking their own lives.

What is war? How to overcome fear during combat? These and other questions are raised by Viktor Aleksandrovich Kurochkin in his text. However, the author examines in more detail the problem of the manifestation of heroism in war.

To attract the attention of readers to the problem posed, the writer talks about the heroic act of Sanya Maleshkin in the war. The hero, to help the tank driver overcome his fear, ran in front of the self-propelled gun, not even thinking that he could easily be killed.

He knew that the order to drive the Nazis out of the village must be carried out, no matter what. The author also draws our attention to the fact that Sanya did not give up his driver and when asked why he was running in front of the tank, he answered: “He was very cold, so he ran to warm up.” It is in performing courageous and risky actions that true heroism lies. It was no coincidence that Maleshkin was nominated for the title of Hero.

V.A. Kurochkin believes that a true hero is a person who will defend his homeland, his people and comrades, no matter what. And even danger and risk of his own life will not prevent him from fulfilling his duty.

Reflecting on the problem posed, I remembered M. A. Sholokhov’s work “The Fate of a Man.” His main character faced not only physical but also moral difficulties during the war. He lost his entire family, his closest people. However, this man, like a true Russian hero, found the strength to continue to defend his homeland, his people. Along with the heroic, Andrei Sokolov performs a moral feat: he adopts a child who lost his parents in the war. This man is an example of a true hero who cannot be broken by war and its terrible consequences.

A person who loves his homeland will never betray it. Even if it entails dire consequences. Let us recall V. Bykov’s work “Sotnikov”. His main character, along with a friend, was sent to search for food for the detachment. However, they were captured by the fascist police. Sotnikov endured all the torture and torment, but never gave out information to the enemies. However, his friend Rybak not only told everything, but also agreed to go serve with the Nazis, in order to save his life, he personally killed his comrade. Sotnikov turned out to be a true patriot, a man unable to betray his homeland even in the face of death. It is such a person that can be called a true hero.

Thus, true heroism can only be shown by a person who will fight for his homeland, risking his life and being in danger. And no obstacles can stand in the way of a true hero.