The image of a blizzard in works of Russian literature. Blizzard, blizzard, blizzard as a reflection of the era and fate of man in Russian literature of the 19th century, experience of literary research

In 1830, he finished writing the cycle of stories “The Tale of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin” by A. S. Pushkin. "Blizzard" is one of five works from this popular collection by the great master. At the center of the story is the fate of a girl, the daughter of landowners, trying to overcome all the vicissitudes of fate in the name of her love. Summary The story can be read below.

A. S. Pushkin “Blizzard”. Introduction

This happened in 1811. In the village of Nenaradovo lived a certain landowner Gavrila Gavrilovich with his wife and daughter. Their family was exemplary; their neighbors loved to visit them. Around the beautiful Marya Gavrilovna, who was eighteen years old, there were eligible suitors. But the girl, who adored French novels about love, refused everyone. There was a good reason for this. The fact is that Masha was secretly in love with the poor warrant officer Vladimir Nikolaevich. For the latter it was not a mystery; her sympathy was mutual. Young lovers met secretly, either in the grove or near the old chapel. They had to hide because the girl’s parents were dissatisfied with their daughter’s choice. Friendly and hospitable landowners refused Vladimir Nikolaevich a warm welcome in their home. The secret dates could not last long, and the couple decided to get married without their blessing. Then, some time after the wedding, the newlyweds planned to throw themselves at their feet and beg for forgiveness. In the meantime, it was agreed that Marya Gavrilovna would call in sick in the evening and retire to her chambers. After the lights in the house are turned off, three horses and a driver will be waiting for her. On it she was supposed to go to the village of Zhadrino, located nearby. There, in the old church, the newlyweds will be married in front of three witnesses. This is how Pushkin’s story “The Snowstorm” begins. What will happen next is absolutely unexpected events. Throughout his narrative, the author keeps the reader in suspense.

A. S. Pushkin “Blizzard”. Developments

Events began to unfold as planned. As soon as dinner was served, Masha said she was sick and went to her room. The parents did not notice anything unusual in their daughter’s behavior. Time passed, it became dark outside. There was a real snowstorm outside. The wind swept the road, and it was no longer possible to see what was ahead, further than a meter. It was at this time that Maria, accompanied by her serf girl, left her father’s house, got into a group of three and went to Zhadrino. Meanwhile, Vladimir Nikolaevich was also getting ready to go on the road. He decided to ride alone in a one-horse cart, without taking anyone with him. As soon as the hero found himself on the snow-covered road, he realized what a stupidity he had committed, because nothing was visible ahead. Relying on God's mercy, the ensign decided to move on. Soon he got lost. The road was completely lost, the horse was drowning in the snow. Suddenly he saw a light and followed its light. It turned out that Vladimir had gone to an unfamiliar village, and the village of Zhadrino, where his bride was supposed to wait, was located to the side. It was no longer possible to get there at the appointed time. When the ensign arrived in this village, the church was already closed, there were no people anywhere. Turning around, he drove home.

A. S. Pushkin “Blizzard”. Denouement

The next day after this event, Masha’s parents found Masha sick in bed in the morning. The girl developed a fever. In her delirium, she called Vladimir Nikolaevich and tried to tell about the details of this terrible night. The doctor called by the caring parents said that the cause of the illness was probably psychological. Then the girl’s mother softened, deciding that, apparently, her daughter’s fate was to be a poor army warrant officer. She sent Vladimir Nikolaevich an invitation to visit their home. But, unexpectedly, he refused, asking not to bother him anymore. Two weeks after these events, Masha recovered and did not seem to remember her failed fiance. Soon Vladimir Nikolaevich was sent to the army. Masha found his name on the list of wounded near Borodino. He died in a Moscow hospital. This was not the only loss in the poor girl's life. Her father, Gavrila Gavrilovich, died some time later, leaving his daughter good condition. The suitors circled around Masha, but she refused all of them. The girl treated only one of the young men especially - the hussar colonel Burmin. It would seem that nothing could interfere with the happiness of these two people. However, there was a wall between them, some kind of misunderstanding that prevented them from getting closer. Everything was resolved after a frank conversation between Masha and Burmin.

The colonel told the girl that he could not marry her, since he was married to someone else. Several years ago, during a snowstorm, he was carried to a certain village, where he decided to take refuge in a church. The lights were on and people were flashing by. As soon as the young man entered, they rushed to him with the words: “Finally you have come!” A pale young lady was sitting in the corner. She was placed with him in front of the altar, the priest performed. When the bride turned to him to kiss, she screamed and fainted. The colonel hurriedly left the church. Several years have passed, and he still does not know who his married wife is or where she is. Hearing this story, Maria Gavrilovna cried out: “And you didn’t recognize me?” Burmin fell at her feet. Pushkin ended his story “The Snowstorm” with this episode.

An excerpt from Zhukovsky’s ballad “Svetlana” in the epigraph of the work suggests that these two creations of great authors are very similar. A certain general mystical mood can be traced in them. All events in them are not random, but predetermined by fate.

The great Russian poet of the 19th century, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who wrote this poem, essentially discovered a new image in literature - the image of a blizzard. After this, many writers used the image of a blizzard in their works. But why do we not pay attention to this element at all? What is its role in the work, what meaning does it carry? Somewhere there's a snowstorm - it's stormy a natural phenomenon; in other works - a symbol of unrest in the minds of young people under the influence Western culture, the meaning of a snowstorm is different everywhere. This topic interested us because we turned to different sources, we compare the image of a blizzard, and thereby comprehend the world work of art. In general, this topic has not been studied, because literary scholars and critics have mainly analyzed works in the context of the writers' creativity. We decided to deepen the research.

In our work we rely on the research of I. I. Arkin, M. Pavlov, G. Rebel, A. Zorin, V. Vlashchenko, M. Gershenzon and others.

The object of study was determined best works Russian prose: “Demons”, “Blizzard”, “ Captain's daughter"A. S. Pushkin, "Blizzard" by V. A. Sollogub, "The Night Before Christmas" by N. V. Gogol, "Blizzard" by L. N. Tolstoy, "Grief", "Melancholy" by A. P. Chekhov. The subject of the study is the image of a blizzard in the texts of fiction of the 19th century.

While working on the image of a blizzard, we were able to trace its dynamics. For Pushkin it is a “game of demons”, for Tolstoy it is a prediction, and for Chekhov it is also a symbol of loneliness.

The work is a theoretical study. Selected method – comparative analysis texts.

We believe that this work can be used by schoolchildren and teachers as a guide to the poetics of works of art.

Blizzard - “the game of demons”

“Demons” is one of Pushkin’s most fascinating poems. Not “bewitching”, but mesmerizing – as if the theme of “demonicity”, the title of this poem, spills out of the text and draws the reader into its whirlpool.

The poem, at first glance, has a clear connection to the time of year. It is quite obvious that this is winter, a winter storm. “Flying snow”, “blizzard”, “drifted roads”, “whitening plains” However, as is known, the draft version of the poem dates from the summer - autumn of 1829, and the final text - September 7, 1830 (the fourth day of the Boldin autumn). Contemporaries note that the landscape was not dictated by direct observations. We are talking about some other, speculative, internal storm.

Having arrived in Boldino to settle property matters before getting married, Pushkin was stuck in the village for three months due to cholera quarantines. September, October, November 1830 was not at all an idyllic time for Pushkin. Peace of mind was not easy for him. “Demons” - the most accurate shot state of mind these days: ignorance, fear, loss, mystical horror and anguish, which are generally not characteristic of him.

The wedding is also in doubt. When leaving, he quarreled with his future mother-in-law - she stated rather rudely about the financial terms. “I’m leaving,” he writes to the bride, “not knowing what awaits me.” To all this it is worth adding cholera, prowling around and approaching Moscow, where his fiancée remained.

The poem “Demons” is a reflection of a complex fusion of experiences. Here there is anxiety for the future, associated with the upcoming marriage, and love, intertwined with the fear of dying in this epidemic and not seeing either freedom or a bride. This complex of disturbing feelings was expressed in a strange and exciting dance of demons.

The clouds are rushing, the clouds are swirling

Two verbs of intense movement, attached to one repeated word - “clouds”, from the very beginning of the poem create a feeling of rapid rotational flight. Rotating snow whirlwinds, illuminated by the hidden moon. If you look at such a carousel from the ground, the viewer will definitely feel dizzy. These lines are designed to confuse, dizzy the reader, make him lose his bearings. The repetition serves the same purpose: “The sky is cloudy, the night is cloudy.” Night is dark time days in which it is difficult to see anything. A synonym for night is haze. Muddy haze. You can't see a thing. The author takes care to maintain this feeling throughout the entire poem. Images of spinning, dim lighting, darkness are constantly repeated - all this is confusing:

The clouds are rushing, the clouds are swirling;

Invisible moon

The flying snow illuminates,

The sky is cloudy, the night is cloudy.

The blizzard blinds my eyes

For the life of me, there is no trace;

We've lost our way. What should we do?

The demon leads us into the field, apparently

Let it circle around.

We have no strength, we are still dizzy

Various demons began to spin

With its appearance, the demon goes through several stages, becoming more and more objectively tangible. At first he was just the coachman's guess:

The demon leads us into the field, apparently

Then the coachman gives the imaginary demon, who appears so far in a single person, more and more tangible features:

Look: there he is playing,

Blows, spits on me,

Here - now he’s pushing me into the ravine

wild horse

There's an unprecedented mileage there

He was standing in front of me.

There he sparkled with a small spark

And disappeared into the darkness empty.

So far, only the coachman sees the demon, and the reader does not really believe this, explaining this by natural phenomena and common folk imagination. The devil, pushing the horse into the ravine, mocks the coachman in every possible way (blows, spits). But here is a real mirage: the demon, leading travelers off the road, pretends to be showing the way - “an unprecedented mileage,” and after this, a disappearing spark, drowns in the darkness. Presence evil spirits is growing. Following the superstitious coachman, the horses sense something is wrong:

The horses began to say, “What’s there in the field?” -

“Who knows? Stump or wolf?

The blizzard is angry, the blizzard is crying;

Sensitive horses snore,

Now he's galloping far away,

Only the eyes burn in the darkness

It’s not for nothing that horses are called “sensitive”. Here they are full-fledged characters in this demonic game; they, like a barometer, are the first to react to the situation. Horses are a symbol of purposeful movement forward along the road, and everything that happens to them is directly related to the fate of the riders. The author constantly focuses on the horses and on the road, emphasizing that the travelers have lost their way, are lost, and are afraid. Stopping the knights (Knights of steel) is a necessary delay in action before climax. At the moment when “the horses rushed again,” the line was crossed, the border was violated, and from that moment events developed in an irreversible flow. Demons are now seen not only by the coachman, but also by the rider himself, designated by the lyrical “I”. Instead of the singular, demons acquire the plural (I see: the spirits have gathered). From this moment on, the earth in the poem completely disappears and an orgy, a Sabbath, begins:

Endless, ugly,

In the muddy game of the month

Various demons began to spin,

Like leaves in November

How many of them! Where are they being driven?

Why are they singing so pitifully?

Do they bury the brownie?

Do they marry off a witch?

Demons rush swarm after swarm

In the infinite heights,

With plaintive squeals and howls

Breaking my heart

The last stanza again returns the reader to the beginning of the poem, forcing us to look at the same picture differently. Clouds are directly related to demons. Rushing clouds turn out to be darting demons. It is impossible to understand who is who. As a result, both the storm and the demons mark the poet’s experiences in crucial moment his destiny. Among this whirlwind, the poet mentioned one more folklore way, punningly playing on his pre-wedding concerns:

Do they bury the brownie?

Do they marry off a witch?

In these two lines, the theme of marriage, in a rethought form, burst into the text. In the image of the demonic holiday one can see echoes of thoughts about the upcoming wedding, about cholera diseases, about cholera threatening Pushkin’s bride. For demons, both a funeral and a wedding are equally an occasion for fun, coven, or bacchanalia.

It is no coincidence that Y. Lotman said: “Demons” is “one of Pushkin’s most disturbing and intense poems.”

Another very a shining example The idea that a blizzard is “a game of demons” is the work of N.V. Gogol “The Night Before Christmas”.

Christmas - Orthodox holiday. The night before Christmas is the last night for evil spirits to wander around white light and teach sins good people. The very next day, with the first bells for matins, the demons will run without looking back, tails between their legs, into their dens. But for now they still have a whole night ahead of them, full of different adventures.

The witch Solokha, the mother of the blacksmith Vakula, was neither ugly nor pretty, and was no more than forty years old. She knew how to charm the most sedate Cossacks and skillfully deal with them. The head, stroking his mustache, repeatedly said: “Solokha - kind woman! Damn - woman! Of course, a rumor was spread around the village that Solokha was a witch, but only the “boys” and “girls” believed this, and the eminent inhabitants of the village did not attach any significance to these rumors.

The second representative of evil spirits in the story is the devil. A goat beard under the muzzle, small horns sticking out on the head, a long tail and the blackness characteristic of chimney sweeps clearly distinguished him from people. The devil who fed the beautiful tender feelings to Solokha, hated her son, the blacksmith Vakula, most of all. The blacksmith, who was reputed to be the best painter in the entire region, was a God-fearing person and often painted images of saints. But the triumph of his art was one picture painted on the church wall in the right vestibule. In it he depicted St. Peter on the day doomsday, with keys in hands, expelling from hell evil spirit. The frightened devil rushed in all directions, anticipating his death, and the prisoners, formerly sinners, beat and chased him with whips, logs and anything else they could find. While the painter was working on this picture and painting it on a large wooden board, the devil tried with all his might to interfere with him. He pushed Vakula invisibly under the arm, lifted ash from the furnace in the forge and sprinkled it on the picture; but, in spite of everything, the work was completed, the board was brought into the church and embedded in the wall of the vestibule, and from that time on the devil swore to take revenge on the blacksmith. The demon knew that that night all the eminent inhabitants of the village were invited to the clerk’s kutya, including the rich Chub. And his daughter Oksana, the first beauty in the whole village, will be left alone at home; a blacksmith, madly in love with her, will probably come to her. And only for this reason did he decide to steal the devil’s month in order to take out his anger on Vakula. But the devil was wrong: Chub and his godfather still went to the clerk, leaving Oksana alone. Noticing this, the demon ran across their path and began tearing up piles of frozen snow from all sides. “There was a snowstorm. The air turned white. The snow rushed back and forth like a net and threatened to cover the eyes, mouths and ears of pedestrians. The devil flew away in the firm belief that Chub would return home, find the blacksmith there and reprimand him so that for a long time he would not be able to pick up a brush and paint offensive caricatures.”

Thus, we see that the blizzard in these works turns into a “game of demons.” And this is connected both with the writer’s worldview and with popular ideas.

Blizzard - a symbol of fate

The image that arose in Pushkin’s imagination and was depicted by him in “Demons” took root and blossomed. Life is a blizzard, a snow storm, sweeping the roads in front of the traveler, leading him astray: such is the life of every person. Man is a weak-willed toy of a blizzard-verse. This symbolic thought was expressed by the writer six weeks after “Demons” in the story “Blizzard,” written in Boldino in mid-October. This story is part of the cycle “Tales of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin. But in “The Snowstorm” Pushkin’s thought is not only generalized by “Demons”: there is a new element in it. It was here that Pushkin depicted the blizzard life not only as an element that has power over man, but as an intelligent, wise element. People, like children, are lost in their plans and desires - the blizzard will pick them up, spin them around, deafen them, and in the muddy darkness with a firm hand will lead them to the right path, where, unbeknownst to them, they needed to go. She knows their true, their hidden will - better than they themselves.

The image of a blizzard in the story is an image that personifies higher, inexplicable forces beyond the control of man. Pushkin's snowstorm is fate itself. The main characters of the story are Marya Gavrilovna, a young girl, a rich bride, Vladimir, a poor army ensign, Burmin, a hussar colonel. Pushkin clearly makes us understand that Marya Gavrilovna, in essence, did not love Vladimir, but was simply carried away by her romantic imagination. “Marya Gavrilovna was brought up on French novels and, therefore, was in love. The subject she chose was a poor army ensign.” Further, their love story is presented in the same ironic tone: “it goes without saying” that the parents forbade even thinking about him, that the meeting continued in secluded and poetic places, with mutual vows of eternal love and complaints about fate, that between young people there was a secret correspondence that in the end Vladimir proposed to run away and get married secretly - and, “of course,” this happy thought “really pleased the romantic imagination of Marya Gavrilovna.” The story about the heroine continues in the same spirit. There is a whole repertoire of false, contrived love and imitation of romantic models: here is a long Farewell letter to a sensitive friend, and a letter to her parents, where she said goodbye to them “in the most touching terms, excused her offense with the irresistible power of passion and ended with the fact that she would honor the blessed moment in her life when she was allowed to throw herself at the feet of her dear parents.” All signs of a feeling imposed by consciousness - and, on the contrary, not a single hint of sincere, bold and simple passion.

A blizzard arose in the evening, and when Marya Gavrilovna left the house to get into Vladimir’s sleigh, “the blizzard did not subside, the wind blew towards, trying to stop the young criminal.” But as soon as the young lady independently overcome the first, most difficult part of the path, the opposing element turned into a protective element. The symbolic mission of assistance is also carried out by the horses, which “did not stand still” waiting for the riders; as soon as the young lady sat down and the coachman took the reins, “the horses flew,” that is, that very fateful movement began: a blizzard - impatient horses - a swift rush into the unknown is God's temple. After all, it was Almighty God who watched over sweet, simple-minded Marya Gavrilovna. She was ready to lose her way - he would send his servant to save her. His servant is fate, a blizzard.

“Having entrusted the young lady to the care of fate and the art of Tereshka the coachman, let us turn to our young lover,” writes Pushkin. After all, fate also led him, but he led him not towards it, but to the side. Fate turned into a blizzard. Pushkin depicts the blizzard-fate clearly: “There was such a blizzard that he couldn’t see anything. One minute the road skidded; the surroundings disappeared into a muddy and yellowish haze, through which white flakes of snow flew; the sky has merged with the earth.” The blizzard leads Vladimir across the field, circles around, stands up like an unprecedented deceptive grove, leads him through the forest for a long time and “huntfully” releases him into an unknown plain covered with a white wavy carpet.”

The destructive goal has been achieved: Vladimir will not arrive on time. And at this very time the blizzard does the second, creative half of the work. That very evening, officer Burmin from a neighboring estate hurried to Vilna, to his regiment. Fate-blizzard, pushing Vladimir away with one hand, leads Burmin towards Marya Gavrilovna with the other. “Having arrived. “I went to the station late in the evening,” Burmin later says, “I ordered the horses to be laid as quickly as possible, when suddenly a terrible snowstorm arose, and the caretaker and the coachmen advised me to wait it out, I obeyed them, but an incomprehensible anxiety took possession of me; it seemed like someone was pushing me like that. Meanwhile, the snowstorm did not subside; I couldn’t bear it, ordered the laying again and rode into the storm. The coachman decided to go along the river, which should have shortened our journey by three miles. The banks were covered; the driver drove past the place where we entered the road, and thus we found ourselves in an unfamiliar direction. The storm did not subside; I saw a light and ordered to go there.” The subsequent scene is described with amazing skill - the natural appearance of Burmin among those waiting in the church. This scene seemed to have a hypnotic effect on him when, as if in a dream, he stood next to Marya Gavrilovna in front of the lectern. His appearance was natural. Even more, their wedding was in highest degree Naturally, because they were “narrowed”, destined for each other by fate. But this was discovered three years later, when, having met, they sincerely fell in love with each other. Perhaps, while working on this story, Pushkin thought that blizzard fate is rarely so kind, but it does happen.

A few years later, in 1849, the writer Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sollogub published his story, which few people paid attention to. It was called in Pushkin - “Blizzard”. In many ways works of the same name are similar, but there are also significant differences.

The main character of Sollogub's story is a young guards officer, disillusioned with secular society. This society causes an irresistible feeling of severe boredom in him. To some extent it reminds us Pushkinsky Evgeniy Onegin or Lermontov’s Pechorin, people who are not satisfied with either their life or themselves. Our hero understood that society was interested in him as a descendant ancient family, owner of a profitable estate, a rich young man. Nobody cares what is going on in this officer's soul - and it hurts him. Everything disgusts him: society, St. Petersburg, secular beauties. He went through a lot of thoughts on this topic in his head even when he was going to his brother’s wedding in St. Petersburg, without noticing that a strong snowstorm had arisen. “A blizzard flies on the wings of a whirlwind. Something incomprehensible, wonderful, inexpressible begins. Is the earth in convulsions rushing towards the sky, or is the sky collapsing to the ground; but everything suddenly gets mixed up, spins, merges into hellish chaos. Blocks of snow, like gigantic savannas, rise, staggering, upward and, swirling with a terrible roar, fight among themselves, fall, somersault, crumble and rise again even more, even more terrible. There is no road or trail around. Snowstorm from all sides. Here is her kingdom, here is her revelry, here is her wild fun. It’s a disaster for anyone who falls into her hands: she will torture him, wrap him up, cover him with snow, laugh at him to his heart’s content, and sometimes she won’t let him go alive.”

In such horror and chaos it's hard to follow the right way and they got lost. They found themselves in the hands of a blizzard of fate, which had everything in its power: the death of the young officer along with the coachman and horses, or salvation. “The wagon dragged itself at random through the snowdrifts. The horses got stuck in moving snow avalanches and, snorting heavily, could barely move their legs; The coachman walked next to them, talking to himself. So two most painful hours passed; the blizzard did not subside. The wagon crashed deeper and deeper into the piled snow. The officer already felt that a sharp frost was gripping his limbs; his thoughts were confused. A quiet drowsiness, full of some special, wild bliss, began to incline him to a quiet sleep, only eternal, unawakening. Suddenly a light flashed in the distance.” It seems that death is about to take him, when hope for salvation appears. All bad thoughts immediately disappear, everyone understands that salvation is close, and throws their remaining strength to achieve the goal. The salvation turns out to be a station where other people who were caught by it on the road are also waiting out the blizzard.

A conversation ensues between the travelers, which soon bores the officer. Suddenly an old woman and a young girl of unprecedented beauty entered the room. “I have never met such a person. It did not sparkle with that striking, impolite beauty that catches the eye and demands unconditional surprise. I just liked it at first sight, but then the more you looked at it, the more beautiful it became. The features were amazingly fine and regular, the head was small, the complexion was pale, the hair was black, but the eyes—the eyes were such that it is impossible to describe: black, large, with long eyelashes, with thick eyebrows. She was dressed simply, but smartly. Her attire reflected both wealth and taste. Flexible mill. The jet-black braid flowed luxuriously down to her feet. I silently admired her. Every detail about this woman was somehow aristocratically beautiful.” The officer was fascinated by a young girl caught on the road by a blizzard of fate. She was not like secular girls; she was interested in the officer as a person. They were interested in each other. At night, everyone fell asleep, except for the officer and the young girl, who were talking in a whisper. They could not stop talking, they fell in love with each other, realizing that they would soon part forever.

A blizzard of fate brings two lovers together and separates them forever. She seems to be playing with them, showing that some love stories end sadly.

Identical titles of works are not a new occurrence in our literature. This method indicates the continuity of content, plot, idea - and at the same time introducing “your own” into them artistic embodiment. The writer does not take someone else’s story, but tells it anew, creating it in his own way. And then it’s not just the title that unites it with other works.

In the works we analyze, the blizzard becomes the driving force of the plot. She is a symbol of fate. Only Pushkin’s “Blizzard” connected the lives of Marya Gavrilovna and Burmin, and Sollogubov’s gave the joy of meeting and the birth of a deep, but fleeting love.

Blizzard - prediction

A.S. Pushkin, who presented the blizzard as a “game of demons” and fate, does not stop there and comes up with a new image of this formidable element - a prediction. And with these thoughts in 1836 he writes historical novel"Captain's daughter". The poet depicted in his work events that took place relatively recently.

Everyone reading this work feels a symbolic meaning in the described “picture of nature”. The meaning of what is visible seems so familiar and clear that in itself it should not raise any doubts, no questions: a blizzard - a formidable manifestation of the elements of nature - will become an expression of a powerful element, a popular rebellion, peasant war for liberty.

The main character of the novel is Petrusha Grinev. A seventeen-year-old young man who was going to serve in Orenburg. For him long road was a boring task, but it was this road that could cost him his life. Halfway through the journey, they were caught by a snowstorm: “in an instant, the dark sky mixed with a snowy sea. Everything disappeared, there was darkness and whirlwind. The wind howled with such ferocious expressiveness that it seemed animated; the snow covered me and Savelich; the horses walked at a pace - and soon they began to I looked in all directions, hoping to see at least a sign of housing or a road, but I could not discern anything except the muddy whirling of a snowstorm. Suddenly I saw something black.” The unfamiliar object turned out to be a man who became Peter’s counselor for some time. Looking at him, I saw a black beard and two sparkling eyes. He was about forty years old, of average height, thin and broad-shouldered, his black beard showed some gray; alive big eyes so they ran. His face had a rather pleasant, but roguish expression. His hair was cut into a circle, he was wearing a tattered army coat and Tatar trousers.” Only later will Peter Grinev learn that his counselor was Emelyan Pugachev himself.

The snowstorm is in this work took on the image of prophecy. But predictions are expressed not only in a blizzard, but also in a dream that Grinev sees, lulled by bad weather. “I was in that state of feelings and soul when materiality, yielding to dreams, merges with them in the vague visions of first sleep. It seemed to me as if the storm was still raging, and we were still wandering in the desert. Suddenly I saw a gate and drove into the manor’s courtyard of our estate. My first thought was that I was afraid that my father would be angry for my involuntary return to my parents’ roof.” The transition from first sleep to sleep itself is just a short pause, an ellipsis, like a sigh, like a short shudder of a person falling asleep. Just now everything was real - a snowstorm, a snowy desert, a troika, a coachman, a counselor, Savelich - and suddenly, immediately after that, the manor’s estate, although our hero still remembered where and why he was going. But gradually the dream got deeper and deeper, reality got further and further away, and, finally, a fantastic prophetic picture: “The man jumped out of bed, grabbed an ax from behind his back and began waving it in all directions. I wanted to run, but I couldn’t; the room was filled with dead bodies; I tripped over bodies and slid in bloody puddles. The scary man cheerfully called to me: “Don’t be afraid, come under my blessing.” Predicted further fate and upcoming incidents. Blizzard - popular uprising, riot. The counselor, who knows his way around the terrible weather in those places, is Emelyan Pugachev himself, who organized and led the uprising. The dream is prophetic, because Petrusha saw in a dream that “a man with a black beard was looking at me cheerfully, forcing me to come under his blessing.” After that, the room was filled with dead bodies, bloody puddles around, horror, bewilderment. Later, Pugachev will force Grinev to go under his blessing, but he, in turn, will remain faithful to Empress Catherine P. Dead bodies, bloody puddles are people who did not recognize Pugachev as their king and died at his hand.

So the element can appear to us, the readers, in the form of a prediction.

Twenty years later, L.N. Tolstoy will write the story “Blizzard”. The reason for the creation of “Blizzard” was an incident that happened to Tolstoy on January 24, 1854, when he was returning from the Caucasus to Yasnaya Polyana. Noting in his diary that he had been on the road since the 22nd, Tolstoy continues: “January 24th. In Belgordtsevskaya, 100 versts from Cherkessk, I got lost all night. And the idea came to me to write the story “Blizzard.” The story was written, as the author indicates, on February 11, 1856. The connection between "Blizzard" and "The Captain's Daughter" is obvious. In both cases, the prediction appears in the form of a blizzard. The hero of “The Blizzard,” like Pyotr Grinev, loses his way during a snowstorm. There follows a lengthy description of the search for a sleigh path, which turns out to be in vain; travelers are in danger of getting lost and dying in a snowstorm. The freezing hero sees a dream in which, at first glance, in an inexplicable and terrible way, foresight and memory are intertwined, half-delusion - half-reality. A young nobleman-officer sees in a dream his estate, the summer heat and himself falling asleep on a bench by a pond. The dream within a dream was suddenly interrupted by the cries of women washing clothes in a pond: just here, in a pool, a man, a stranger, an unknown man, drowned. At the first moment, the hero is struck by the noble thought of saving a drowning man, in front of everyone, striking those present with his action. He already sees himself entering the water, and then courageously approaching the pool - and at the same time he does not move, remembering that he is a poor swimmer. The next moment, which came immediately after the hero’s subconscious decision not to throw himself into the water, is incredibly “extended” by Tolstoy in the hero’s memories. Time has stopped, and at the same time, the last minutes, seconds, when a person can still be saved, are irrevocably gone. Men with a net appear, and, finally, another hero appears in the foreground - the yard peasant Fyodor Filipich, always efficient and businesslike, the subject of constant conscious and unconscious jealous admiration of the young landowner - admiration, sometimes mixed with some envy. And now the frozen narrator sees how Fyodor Filipich calmly and naturally, as if nothing had happened, undresses as he goes, without wasting a single extra second. Another moment - and he floats beautifully, in seedlings, to that terrible place; then he dives and shows the men where to throw the net. The drowned man is caught like a fish and dragged ashore. The protagonist’s aunt, who appears at the scene of the incident, is upset, but immediately hurries to calm her nephew down and take him away.

And then the hero dreams that not there, but here, in the steppe, is a man who, shortly before the hero fell asleep, volunteered to lead the travelers onto the road, that this man is Fyodor Filipich himself. And the dream, ceasing to be a memory, becomes in some ways a prediction, and in some ways an insight. An insight that was not fully realized, not embodied in something most important. A man - aka Fyodor Filipich - saves the hero in a dream. A blizzard is a disaster that the heroes find themselves in.

Thus, we see that the fates of the heroes are different, but some of the adventures that happened to them are in many ways similar: a blizzard and a dream in their lives are prophetic.

Blizzard - a symbol of loneliness

By the mid-80s, a certain turning point was planned in the work of the great Russian writer A.P. Chekhov. Cheerful and cheerful laughter gives way to serious dramatic intonations. In the world of vulgarity and officialdom, glimpses of a living soul appear, awakening, looking around and horrified by its loneliness. A person’s loneliness occurs under the influence of a sharp impulse in life - the death of loved ones, grief, misfortune, an unexpected dramatic test. At this time Chekhov wrote two short stories, showing the lonely state of the heroes through the image of a blizzard. These are “Grief” and “Melancholy”.

In the story “Grief,” a drunken turner takes his terminally ill wife to the hospital. Grief took him “by surprise, unexpectedly, now he just can’t wake up, come to his senses, figure it out.” His soul is in confusion, and a blizzard is blowing up around him: “solid clouds of snowflakes are swirling, so you can’t tell if it’s snowing from the sky.” Or from the ground."

All his life he thought only about himself, he beat his wife, without worrying about what would happen in the future. Repentance forces the turner to painfully search for a way out of this situation, to calm the old woman, to apologize to her for his dissolute life: “Why did I beat you out of malice? He beat me like that in vain. I feel sorry for you." But it’s too late: the snow no longer melts on the old woman’s face. “And the turner cries. He thinks: “How quickly everything gets done in this world! Before he had time to live with the old woman and feel sorry for her, she had already died.”

He is left completely alone, the blizzard creates an image of a white, incomprehensible world around him, in which there is only one turner. “I wish I could live again,” he thinks. But no sooner had one problem passed than another came. He loses his way, freezes and eventually loses his legs and arms. The last impulse of the turner is tragic: to catch up, return, correct the absurdly lived life.

The story “Tosca” begins with an epigraph: “To whom shall we convey my sadness?” From it one can guess that main theme works there will be loneliness. Winter twilight. “Large wet snow swirls lazily around the newly lit lamps and falls in a thin, light layer on the roofs, horses’ backs, shoulders, and hats.” Every item, every Living being shrouded, separated from the outside world by a cold blanket. Everywhere everything is quiet, calm, lonely. And when the cab driver, Jonah Potapov, is brought out of his stupor by the cry of the riders who have arrived in time, he sees the world “through eyelashes covered with snow.”

Jonah’s son died, a week has passed since then, and he has no one to talk to. “Jonah’s eyes anxiously and martyrically run through the crowds scurrying on both sides of the street: isn’t there at least one among these people who would listen to him? But the crowds flee, not noticing either him or the melancholy. The melancholy is enormous, knowing no boundaries. If Jonah’s chest were to burst and melancholy poured out of it, it would seem to fill the whole world, but, nevertheless, it is not visible.”

As soon as longing awoke in Jonah, as soon as the suffering man awoke, he had no one to talk to. Nobody needs Jonah. Everyone is accustomed to seeing him only as a cab driver and communicating with him only as riders. Jonah is unable to break through this ice and melt the cold, impenetrable veil. Now he needs not riders, but at least one person who can respond to his inescapable pain with warmth and sympathy. But the riders do not want and cannot become people: “And my son died this week!” - “We’ll all die. Well, let’s go.” Drive!"

And late in the evening Jonah goes to check on the horse. Unexpectedly for himself, he pours out all his accumulated melancholy to her: “Now. Let's say you have a foal, and you give this foal birth mother And suddenly, let’s say, this same foal ordered to live a long time. Isn’t it a pity? The little horse chews, listens and breathes into the hands of its owner; Jonah gets carried away and tells her everything.”

The measure of humanity in a world where cordial relationships between people have become rare turns out to be a measure of spiritual loneliness. Thus, we were convinced that a blizzard can appear to us in the form of loneliness. White swirling snow seems to envelop our heroes and, thereby, isolate them from the outside world.

Conclusion

Based on this work, we can conclude: poets and writers XIX centuries, they widely used the image of a blizzard in their works. This is also a “game of demons”, in which the blizzard appears to us as a raging element with the pranks of evil spirits. And fate, thanks to which some heroes united with each other, while others found a joyful meeting and a feeling of fleeting love. And a prediction with the help of which the heroes find out their fate. And loneliness, whose heroes are so unhappy.

We saw that this image conveys the writers’ worldviews, helps them show the characters’ characters, and is also in a fantastic way, emphasizing the mystery of the Russian soul. And writers are still trying to solve it.

“Blizzard” - a work by A.S. Pushkin, written in 1830. Many works of the great classic are filled special meaning, the author discusses the incomprehensible game of the Creator. "Blizzard" was no exception. The work is full of philosophy and romantic thoughts of the author.

Ideology

The literary direction of the story is bright youthful sentimentalism. The central theme is the relationship between man and Rock, how people change by the will of fate, their idea of ​​life and aspirations for the ideal.

The great classic was always interested in the role of chance, capricious fate attracted him with its intrigues and unpredictability. Pushkin believed in Rock, sensing that he himself would someday fall into the trap of fatal circumstances.

In the story “Blizzard,” Alexander Sergeevich specifically examines the life of the most ordinary people. They are not distinguished by a particularly brilliant mind, delightful appearance, and are not inclined to heroic deeds. They have no inclinations of genius, no special talents, incredible strength spirit.

History of the creation of the work

"Blizzard", written by Pushkin in 1830, became the final work of the cycle. The author worked on the Boldinsky estate. This period of his work is often called the “Boldino Autumn”. This is one of the most active periods in the life of a classic.

Researchers believe that work began in 1829. Pushkin nurtured the idea for a long time, and began to realize his fantasies only in Boldino. The work was published in 1831. The publication was not made public under Pushkin's name. The reasons are still not clear. Most likely, the Russian classic was afraid of overly aggressive criticism. The first film adaptation of Pushkin’s brilliant creation took place in 1964.

Analysis of the work

Story line

The story begins back in 1811. The daughter of a respectable landowner, Marya Gavrilovna, suffers from ardent feelings for warrant officer Vladimir Nikolaevich. The young man is not rich, so the young girl’s parents are categorically against such an unfavorable union.

However, driven by love, Maria and Vladimir secretly see each other. After several dates, the girl agrees to a risky adventure: get married and hide from everyone. On the night when the escape was planned, a strong snowstorm begins.

Maria is the first to leave the house, heading to a church nearby. Her lover should follow her to the appointed place. However, due to a strong snowstorm, the man loses his bearings, completely losing his way.

Marya is waiting for the groom in the church. At this time, the hussar Burmin comes here. He decides to play a trick on the girl and pretends to be her chosen one. The priest performs the ceremony and only then Mary realizes with horror that she has become completely engaged to stranger. The girl immediately returns home, and Vladimir, having reached the church only in the morning, learns that Marya has become the wife of another.

Maria is very worried, being close to death. The parents manage to find Vladimir. They are ready to agree to the marriage, but Vladimir refuses. He leaves for the war, where he dies.

After her father's death, Maria and her mother move to another estate. There a girl meets a man. She really likes him. This is the same Burmin.

A young man confesses to a girl that he is married, telling a story about a wedding in a snowstorm. The girl tells him her story with surprise. Having learned the whole truth, the young hussar falls at the feet of his chosen one.

Heroes of the story

Marya is the main female character in the story “Blizzard”. The seventeen-year-old noblewoman is pale and slender, rich and spoiled by her parents. The girl is capable of strong love experiences. She is not alien to the spirit of adventurism and a certain courage. A dreamy and sentimental lady is ready to defy her parents and secretly get married to her loved one. A sensitive and vulnerable young lady, living with happy ideas of mutual love, is having a hard time parting with Vladimir.

Burmin is a military hussar who mistakenly becomes Marya's husband. He is smart but careless. Quite mocking and impulsive. Driven by empty frivolity, he understood that he would commit an unforgivable offense, but still impersonates the groom at a secret wedding.

Vladimir is a young warrant officer from a poor class. He is romantic, full of impulses, and not always prudent and reasonable. He perceives Marya's mistaken wedding as the gravest betrayal. Believing that the girl is doing this deliberately, he leaves her forever.

Composition of the story

The basis of the plot is a curious marriage. For a man, this is an attempt to have fun, for a girl - the collapse of all her love hopes. The plot is divided into two lines:

• Marya and Vladimir;
• Marya and Burmin.

There is no prologue or epilogue, and the story itself begins with a small exposition that describes the everyday life of the estate. The intermediate climax is the moment when Maria learns about the fatal mistake in the church. At this moment alone story line smoothly transitions into another. The main climax: after many years, Marya recognizes her “old” husband in the new gentleman.

The key symbol that predetermines the course of events is a blizzard. The raging elements changed the plans of a young couple to get engaged at night. On the other hand, bad weather symbolizes youth, full of passion, serenity, devoid of reason and order.

The story "Blizzard" - brilliant creation Pushkin. The work is distinguished by strict completeness, proportionality, and, in fact, mathematical calculations of all elements of the composition. The author, purely on an intuitive level, could find that perfect shape, through which he skillfully expressed his intention.

The role of a blizzard in the story by A.S. Pushkin "Blizzard"

LEARNING FROM STUDENTS

The role of a blizzard in the story by A.S. Pushkin "Blizzard"

N. MELNIKOVA,
7th grade,
Salakhov gymnasium,
Surgut

In the story by A.S. Pushkin "Blizzard" main role natural elements play. It is no coincidence that the story is called “Blizzard”. The plot of the story develops and moves thanks to the snowstorm.

At the beginning of the story we see a purely idyllic book situation. A girl and a boy fell in love with each other, but their marriage was not possible due to the disagreement of their parents due to the poverty of the groom. And so the lovers decide to run away. Such situations often served as the beginning romance novels. But the author shows that life is more complex and interesting than book situations. Therefore, when Marya Gavrilovna runs, life itself interferes with her - bad weather, a blizzard.

It is very interesting that Pushkin chooses not a downpour, not a thunderstorm, but a blizzard. It seems to me that she is most suitable in this plot. A blizzard is a strong whirlwind with snow. That’s why all the events were like a whirlwind. The author uses verbs such as “sweeps”, “howls”, “blinds”. The snowstorm in the story of Marya Gavrilovna seems to keep her out, the wind blows in her face, trying to stop the young criminal.

The description of Vladimir’s trip says: “there was such a snowstorm that he didn’t see anything. One minute the road skidded; the surroundings disappeared into a thick and yellowish haze, through which white flakes of snow flew; the sky merged with the earth.” The snowstorm is trying to confuse Vladimir, to take him away from Zhadrino.

We learn the story of the third hero in Burmin’s story “Blizzard” at the very end of the work. It's another trip and another snowstorm. “The blizzard did not subside,” “meanwhile the blizzard did not subside,” and the like. But now the blizzard leads the hero towards his fate.

So the natural elements brought two strangers to the altar - Marya Gavrilovna and Burmin. And she eliminated the third - Vladimir.

A. GUDIMOV,
7th grade,
Salakhov gymnasium,
Surgut

The story “Blizzard” is part of the cycle “Tales of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin” by the great Russian writer A.S. Pushkin. One of the heroes of this story is a blizzard. A snowstorm has an important influence on fate three main heroes: Masha, Vladimir and Burmin. It is no coincidence that the story is called “Blizzard”.

The snowstorm in this story is the “messenger of fate.” She changes the lives of the heroes of this work. Who knows how the heroes’ lives would have turned out if they had not encountered a blizzard. Pushkin is generally very interested in the theme of fate. We see this in many of his works, for example, “Song of prophetic Oleg", the story "Shot" and, of course, in the story "Blizzard". A.S. Pushkin believed that no one has the power to change fate, as it was destined for him, so it will be. The author expresses this idea in his works.

The blizzard in this story is a very reasonable hero. She knows what is best for the heroes of the story, even better than themselves, since at that time they were hot-headed and unreasonable. This was how they were destined, and the blizzard helped them, preventing them from committing an unreasonable act. Masha would not be happy with Vladimir, since she was not even in love with him. We understand this by reading the author’s: “therefore,” “it goes without saying,” “it is very natural,” and so on. In addition, the author directly tells us that Vladimir was not her lover. He was just an object chosen by her. He was the first one she glanced at. It is clear that with Burmin she became truly happy. And Burmin himself marries for love, and not by chance, as he previously thought. Even Vladimir may have been better off dying nobly for a just cause in a great battle than marrying someone who did not love him and whom he himself most likely did not truly love. As we can see, the blizzard is acting prudently here.

In addition, the blizzard has another role in this work, which is also important. The blizzard here disrupts the book situation, turning it into reality. And the book situation has been developing here from the very beginning. After all, at that time all such works were written according to special literary standards. And the author from the very beginning convinces us that this is the same ordinary literary work (by the way, this can be seen in many of his works). We see this with the help of the same “of course”, “therefore”, “it goes without saying” and others, although the author’s irony slips through here. A bookish setting is also created here: lovers meet in a pine grove or near an old chapel, the girl is rich and the boy is poor, their love is forbidden by the will of cruel parents, the idea comes to their minds of getting married secretly, and this thought, of course, comes first young man, while the plan and outcome are very traditional. Although elements of everyday life slip through here, everything is still going according to the book. Even the fact that they fail to fulfill their plan is also bookish. But a snowstorm passes and seems to sweep away everything bookish. We see the life of people, their real life, whose unexpected twists are much cooler than the book. And this, of course, includes the unexpected outcome of Masha and Vladimir’s secret plan.

So, the blizzard in the work of A.S. Pushkin's "Blizzard" from the cycle "Tales of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin" is a reasonable hero, a messenger of fate, destroying the bookish nature of the situation.

G. Sviridov “Blizzard”

Incredibly beautiful melodies, the subtle light chime of bells, the romance intonations that existed in early XIX centuries, the most tender melodies, truly Russian music - all this makes Sviridov’s work “Blizzard” one of the pearls of classical music.

The history of Sviridov’s “Blizzard”, the content of the work and many interesting facts read on our page.

History of creation

The famous artist and director V. Basov suggested to the composer Sviridov collaboration when he began working on the film “Blizzard,” which was based on the story of the brilliant Pushkin.

It is worth noting separately that this work was written by the poet during a special period of his work - “Boldino Autumn”. In essence, this is a small ironic story about a young girl who decided to run away from home. The purpose of the escape was very compelling - she wanted to get married to her lover, who was poor and because of this the girl’s parents did not accept him. But nature itself intervenes in the fate of the main characters and, due to a strong snowstorm, everything changes radically. Of course, because the girl accidentally marries a completely different man and ends up even happier!

The composer really liked the director’s proposal, especially since he was impressed by the image of Pushkin’s provincial Russia and got to work with pleasure. It’s just that in his music Sviridov tried to get away a little from Pushkin’s plot, removing the irony that is so noticeable in the story. And in general, I tried not to follow strictly literary source, his music is separate, important hero film.It is noteworthy that since about the 1950s, Sviridov has been trying to pay attention only to those works that are exclusively Russian in nature, since he was very attracted to this particular topic. Plus, many researchers of his work note that of all the seasons, he gave preference to winter, since he believed that only it most expresses the nature of Russia.

It is not surprising that he enthusiastically began working on the music for the film “Blizzard”. It was written in 1964 and was very much loved by the public. This music could very often be heard on radio and television.

That is why, nine years later, Sviridov decided to edit the score. So in 1974 it appeared independent work to the music for the film, which has already received the title “Musical illustrations for the story by A.S. Pushkin "Blizzard".

Interesting Facts

• The idea of ​​reworking the music score for the film into a separate independent work was suggested to the composer by his wife.
• The brilliant poet A.S. wrote his story. Pushkin composed it in just one day.
• Despite the fact that the composer gave the work a slightly different name, it is better known to listeners as the “Blizzard” suite. There is no mistake in this, because it is to this genre that the work belongs, with characteristic contrasts between neighboring parts.
• There is an opinion that it is no coincidence that the outer parts of the suite are built on the same material and resemble the cover of a book.
• A ballet was once staged to this music.
• There is debate among musicologists regarding the division into parts of the suite and, in fact, their content. Some say there are only seven, while others say there are nine sections. They also define them differently.
• After performing this suite Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Fedoseev, Sviridov gained worldwide popularity and public recognition.

• It is generally accepted that the sequence of numbers does not follow exactly the plot of the story, but rather obeys musical logic.
• Even during his student years, Sviridov was teased with the nickname “ genius composer”, because in a room where 20 people lived, only he was engaged in composition.
• He was the most popular composer not only in his country, but also abroad, but all this time Sviridov did not have his own instrument. The piano on which he composed his masterpieces was rented from the Union of Composers.
• Sviridov also wrote his first works based on Pushkin’s poems in 1935.
• The composer wrote music for 13 films.

Content

The suite includes nine numbers, which are essentially bright illustrations to Pushkin's story. The cycle opens with a piece called "Troika". It begins very actively, with powerful, heavy chords from a group of brass instruments. The sound imaging in this piece is simply amazing. You can not only hear, but also “see” how three harnessed horses rush past, small bells on their arches ringing, and their hooves plowing snowdrifts. Rhythmic beats tambourine, tremolo timpani, small drum beats, as well as a wide oboe song, all this creates an indescribable atmosphere.

“Troika” (listen)

The second number of the suite is "Waltz". It begins with inviting chords that open the festive evening. A beautiful melody swirls the guests of the ball in this magnificent dance. Moreover, it is not magnificent; it cannot be called palace-like either. This is exactly the kind of waltz that could be heard during a festive evening in a provincial town or a small estate.

"Waltz" (listen)

The third number is "Spring and Autumn". These are small miniatures that convey the beauty of nature. The first of them sounds the most tender melody flutes, which is accompanied by strings. The second miniature depicts autumn and the same motive sounds, but it is already noticeably muted, and a brass group accompanies it. The piece ends on a barely audible pianissimo. Feelings may also change main characters, slowly, over time. So, the bright spring feeling for Vladimir gradually gave way, leaving only sad memories.

Number four - "Romance". Acts as a soloist violin, performing the main part, is the most tender melody, which gives the listeners goosebumps and makes the heart skip a beat, there is no doubt what she sings about, of course, about love. Then the viola joins her and they continue to perform the romance as a duet. All this sounds to traditional romance music mid-19th century piano accompaniment. Undoubtedly, this is the scene of explanation of the main characters, Marya Gavrilovna and Burmin. “I love you...I love you passionately...” the words are heard in a beautiful melody. It is in this play that the most important and main conversation of the characters and the real intensity of emotions take place.

Number five is "Pastoral". There is no loud sonority here, only a naive melody performed oboe and a swaying six-beat movement. It's like a short break to enhance the contrast of the next number.

"Military March". It starts with a powerful sound brass band. What can you hear in this solemn music? This is the humor, cheerfulness and recklessness of youth. This is exactly how it was customary to greet the winners; it is no secret that the appearance of an officer in small towns was always a real triumph and he was always greeted accordingly.

“Military March” (listen)

With the onset of the seventh piece "Wedding" the contrast arises again. This is a slow, tremulous, peaceful sound of strings. An atmosphere of mystery and tenderness is created, only occasionally replaced by passionate exclamations. The listeners are mentally transported to a small church, where they witness the wedding ceremony of two young people. The play ends with powerful chords performed by the orchestra - it’s like blows of fate, when the bride Marya Gavrilovna exclaims: “Oh, not him! Not him! and falls without creation.

Number eight - "Echoes of a Waltz", an already familiar melody that sounds muffled and only reminds of what once was. It's like a memory of your first love that still lives in your heart.

The suite ends with the piece "Winter road". She again conveys that image of a rapidly rushing three. She just sounds a little calmer. The story of the main characters is over, and very successfully for them.

« winter road"(listen)