The building of the Sklifosovsky Institute. Sklifosovsky Institute: from a charity home to modern medicine

The Scientific Research Institute named after Professor of Medicine Nikolai Vasilyevich Sklifosovsky is widely known as the largest and wide-profile scientific and practical medical center in Russia.

Sklifosovsky Research Center

Just imagine, the Sklifosovsky Research Institute has more than 40 scientific departments, and half of them are clinical! The scientific and medical contingent of the institute numbers more than 800 people, including 167 candidates of medical sciences, 37 professors, 6 honored figures Russian science, 78 doctors of science, 3 corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and even three academicians.

At the clinic of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute, complex and unique surgical interventions are performed using modern high-tech methods. From morning to evening, doctors of various profiles provide assistance to residents of Moscow and the regions, and some patients receive inpatient treatment. The research institute has 962 beds, which include 120 (1-5 local) intensive care wards. And, of course, a large flow of patients receive emergency care here on an outpatient basis. In addition, the center has mobile medical teams who are ready, if assistance is required, to provide it to other Moscow clinics and their patients.

Sklifosovsky Institute: departments and services

Several divisions operate harmoniously within the structure of the medical center:

• Five departments for emergency specialized care.
• Seven diagnostic controls.
• Six highly specialized specialized departments.
• Vascular center of regional importance.
• And other scientific, as well as auxiliary divisions, which include administrative and economic service departments.

Such a wide scope in one place

In addition to restoring the health of patients, the Sklifosovsky Research Institute is engaged in educational activities, that is, here specialists undergo additional training to improve their skills. Moreover, the center leads and conducts all kinds of scientific research papers related to emergency medicine. Every day, work is carried out to develop and improve diagnostic treatment methods and their interaction with already known ones. Of course, the results obtained are successfully implemented into practice.

The Department of Emergency Vascular Surgery performs round-the-clock city duty every day and carries out up to 50% of emergency operations in patients with ruptured aneurysms in the abdominal region in Moscow alone. Every year the department carries out up to 900 vessels. Such a significant amount of work performed by department employees is possible thanks to the creation of a number of 24-hour services.

Scientific and Practical Toxicology Center of the FMBA: departments

• Department of Physics of Living Systems (MIPT). It trains specialists in applied physics and mathematics who are directly involved in such fields as biology, medicine, biomedical physics, computer science and engineering.
• Department of Transplantology and Artificial Organs (MGMSU). Specialists receive theoretical knowledge and are trained practical techniques examinations of patients in need of high-tech medical care.
• The Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroreanimation (MGMSU University) has the latest diagnostic equipment and ultra-modern operating rooms, in which complex operations are performed daily using microneurosurgical equipment. To conduct lectures and theoretical classes, the department at all clinical sites is equipped with multimedia equipment and computers.
• Department of Emergency and General Surgery (RMAPO), the main focus of which is repeated and reconstructive operations on the chest and abdominal organs.
• Department of Clinical Toxicology (RMAPO). The essence of the main direction of the department’s scientific work: research and study of both the most common types and new forms of chemical disease, the development of medical technologies for detoxification and antidote therapy for acute poisoning.

Every day and around the clock

The center's 24/7 daily work is to provide people with urgent emergency assistance. Hospitalization of patients is carried out when delivered by emergency teams, as well as those who come from clinics, emergency rooms, antenatal clinics and other medical institutions.

In addition to the on-site ambulance provided by the Sklifosovsky Research Institute, employees conduct diagnostic consultations, ultrasound examinations, MTR, radioisotope and functional diagnostics, as well as endoscopic procedures, which include: rectosigmoidoscopy, rectosigmocolonoscopy, duodenoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and fibrobronchoscopy.

On high level Laboratory diagnostic work is carried out daily in the medical center in terms of general clinical, microbiological, hematological, isoserological, coagulological, histological, bacteriological and immunological studies.

List of paid research institute services and prices

The Sklifosovsky Research Center provides a number of paid services for everyone. Treatment on a contractual fee basis requires preliminary paperwork and the issuance of a check. The office for recording and registration is located in the central research institute. A medical card and payment for services must be made on the day of the patient’s appointment, at least 15-20 minutes before the appointed time. What paid services does the Sklifosovsky Institute provide? All citizens can receive:

• Diagnostic medical consultation on the issue of pain and its treatment. Cost - 2000 rubles.
• Blockade under ultrasound or X-ray control (C-arm) Therapeutic diagnostics. The cost of the procedure is 9900 rubles.
• Therapeutic and diagnostic blockade together with the installation of a catheter under X-ray (C-arm) and ultrasound control. Cost - 11640 rubles.
• Radiofrequency treatment service (pulse therapy, radiofrequency denervation). Cost - 30,400 rubles.
• Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid preparations. Cost (excluding the cost of the medicine) - 1900 rubles.
• Drip administration of analgesics (intravenous). Cost - 3000 rubles.
• Observation, consulting support of the postoperative period (with treatment based on systemic analgesia). Cost - 10,000 rubles.
• Consultative support of the postoperative period with treatment based on systemic and regional analgesia. Cost - 15,000 rubles.

How to get to the Sklifosovsky Research Institute? Institution address

Muscovites are well aware of where the famous medical center is located. But every day a large number of people from the regions arrive in the capital for highly qualified treatment. People want to get to the Sklifosovsky Institute. How to get to the medical center? There is nothing complicated about this. You just need to take the metro to the Prospekt Mira or Sukharevskaya station. From any of these stops you can walk to the Sklifosovsky Research Institute in 5-10 minutes. Address of the establishment: 129090, Moscow, Bolshaya Sukharevskaya Square, building 3.

It will be enough to visit the medical center just once, and the question of how to find it will be closed forever.

Reviews about the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute

Most patients treat the doctors of the research institute with warmth and gratitude. Numerous reviews of timely assistance provided, correctly diagnosed diagnoses and successfully performed complex operations indicate the high competence and professionalism of the clinic’s doctors. By the nature of his activity, the work of a doctor is a titanic work that helps people find health and happiness. And the doctors of the Sklifosovsky Institute have many state awards for their professionalism. And that says a lot.

But, unfortunately, you can also find negative reviews that express grievances against specific specialists. Such comments, as a rule, concern their attitude towards patients. The clinic administration does not ignore every case, reacting with a reprimand or penalty from an employee who violated the medical center’s rules of ethics. This suggests that the leaders of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute value the reputation of the clinic. But, of course, there are much more good reviews. It is especially pleasant to read them about those situations when it came to saving a human life, where main role such a miracle as the doctor’s skill played a role.

Services provided at the Sklifosovsky Institute

Sklifosovsky Medical Center provides many different services, which can be divided into separate groups:

Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. Sklifosovsky is equipped with a modern technical base; this fact, combined with constantly carried out research and scientific developments, allows us to achieve great heights. What was considered impossible just yesterday is now adding to the range of scientific achievements available for use. Thanks to this, doctors at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute are able to provide assistance even to patients who were previously considered hopeless. Here, height after height is taken every day to make humanity healthier, more active and more successful.

Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroreanimation of the Moscow State Medical University at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute

The Department of Neurosurgery at the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow State Medical University was created on July 23, 2003 based on the decision of the Academic Council. As a practical science, neurosurgery has become a separate independent discipline. Diagnostic methods became more improved, and the importance of this discipline in the structure of providing high-quality neurosurgical care increased. Such departments of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute, as well as intensive care, began to need specialists with the required special training, as a result of which the existing department was renamed the Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroreanimation on the basis of Protocol No. 7 signed by the Academic Council of the university.

Main directions of pedagogical work of the department

As a postgraduate education, the department of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute “Neurosurgery and Neuroresuscitation” organizes master classes on various issues in the field of emergency neurosurgery, relating to non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and so on. Classes are enriched with lectures by leading experts, analyzes of clinical cases and demonstration operations on anatomical models. The department's base is a department of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky.

You can get treatment at the neurosurgery department:

• Having received a referral from the Moscow ambulance station.
• By appointment through the center's consultation office with a referral from Moscow medical institutions.
• On a paid commercial basis through the contract department of the institute.

A few lines from the history of the emergence of the research institute

How it all began can only be found out from archival sources. And they tell us that in 1803, Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetyev organized a philanthropic mission for the development of science. He bought a house and designated one part of it as a mini-hospital for 50 people, and the second as a girls' shelter for 25 orphans. This is how the first institution in our country to provide medical care to the poor was created.

During the War of 1812, the almshouse organized by Sheremetyev first housed a hospital for the wounded of the French army, then (since 1878) wounded soldiers of the Russian-Turkish war were admitted here. Participants in all subsequent wars also received medical care here. Already since 1815, constant surgical practice was carried out here. And on this already established medical basis, the Institute of Emergency Care was organized.

Why named after Professor Sklifosovsky?

In 1929, the institution began to be named in honor of N.V. Sklifosovsky for his works on practical surgery, in which specialists were urgently trained in wartime. Such doctors had to almost immediately apply the acquired knowledge in practice. During the war, the flow of wounded did not stop, and the professor’s works concerning abdominal operations, antiseptics, jaw resection and even goiter cutting saved the lives of many wounded soldiers. It was the merit of Sheremetyev that was rightfully named in his honor.

During the military campaigns, Sklifosovsky himself acquired a wealth of practical experience, as he worked in dressing stations, as a consultant surgeon, as a military field surgeon and as a leading surgeon in the Russian army. His military activities provided considerable material for the publication of a number of works on military medicine and sanitary affairs.

Streamlining and growth of the establishment

The emergency medical care station located on the territory of the Sheremetyevo Hospital, headed at that time by G. M. Gershtein, began to be listed as a department of the Institute. Then it was headed by A.S. Puchkov, under whose leadership a well-functioning system of documentation and reporting was created. It significantly facilitated the work of the staff, organizational principles were developed, and technical re-equipment was carried out, as a result of which the work of the department rose to a new qualitative level. Until the fortieth year, the station remained part of the Institute, and later it was separated into a completely independent organization.

The Sklifosovsky Institute became a pioneer and innovator in organizing emergency surgical services. Its basic principles were formulated, such as the provision of qualified operational assistance at any time, morning conferences to discuss the work of the day, participation of radiologists in diagnostics, and so on.

The research institute was the first to raise the issue of the need for preventive work regarding the prevention of accidents, and actively contributed to the adoption of a number of measures to help protect the everyday life of the Moscow population.

From war to peacetime

The number of wounded soldiers received during the Great Patriotic War by the Institute named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky has exceeded tens of thousands. Everyone received the necessary help. To save their lives, many of them had to be urgently taken to the operating room. Here they carried out the most complex operations to save the lives of soldiers and return them to duty. At that time, many active surgeons and nurses Sklifosovsky center. The hospital hospital was reorganized in accordance with peacetime tasks.

Over the past decade, the Sklifosovsky Medical Center has operated an educational and clinical department that annually graduates up to two hundred residents. Postgraduate and doctoral studies have opened and are successfully functioning in such specialties as cardiology, anesthesiology and resuscitation, traumatology and orthopedics, surgery, neurosurgery, and cardiovascular surgery. The editorial and publishing department of the center prepares the scientific works of the research institute for publication. In addition to all this, the institute boasts of having a rich scientific and medical library.

The Sklifosovsky Research Institute, which arose two centuries ago on the basis of a shelter hospital, has employed many well-known doctors in the world medical community throughout its history. Health is the most valuable gift for a person. And you need to protect it as much as possible. Unfortunately, sometimes, even regardless of our care and attention, accidents, burns and injuries occur that require urgent and immediate medical attention. This is exactly why the Sklifosovsky Institute exists. Here we are ready to help you at any time of the day.

SUMMARY. The history of the formation of the Museum of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky for the purpose of its periodization and characteristics of each period. It is shown that the stages of the museum’s existence coincide with the periodization of the history of the institute. The Yuda period can be distinguished separately. The outstanding contribution of the Institute's chief surgeon, Professor S.S., is highlighted. Yudin in the creation of the museum, the transformation of its concept and content of collections from the museum of the history of surgery to the museum of the Institute is presented, specifically reflecting its specifics and achievements as a multidisciplinary medical institution.

Bibliography

1. S.S. Yudin. Memoirs / edited by: V.D. Topolyansky. – M.: Publishing house. House of TONCHU, 2012. – 688 p. Topolyansky V.D., ed. S.S. Yudin. Vospominaniya. Moscow: TONChU Publ., 2012. 688 p. (In Russian).

2. Research Institute of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky: prospectus / ed. B.D. Komarova. – M., 1971. – 51 p. Prikazy po osnovnoy deyatel’nosti instituta s 4 January 1954 to 31 December 1954 g. . TsGA Moskvy, TsAGM, f. R-656, op. 1, un. 89. (In Russian).

3. TsGAM, f. R-656, op. No. 1, Unit. hr. No. 89. Orders on the main activities of the institute from January 4, 1954 to December 31, 1954. Komarov B.D., ed. Scientific-issledovatel’skiy ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni institut skoroy pomoshchi im. N.V. Sklifosovskogo: prospekt. Moscow, 1971. 51 p. (In English)

4. TsGAM, f. R-656, op. No. 1, Unit. hr. No. 238. Memo from the director of the institute M.M. Tarasov to the Minister of Health of the RSFSR N.A. Vinogradov about the work of the institute dated August 24, 1964. Dokladnaya zapiska direktora instituta M.M. Tarasova ministru zdravookhraneniya RSFSR N.A. Vinogradovu o rabote instituta from 24 August 1964 g. . ]. TsGA Moskvy, TsGAM, f. R-656, op. 1, un. 238. (In Russian).

The most famous Moscow hospital - the city Scientific Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky - more than 200 years. Its history is connected with a huge number of legends and rumors, and many former patients believe that Sklif helped them heal not only physically, but also spiritually.

Stannopriimny house

It all started in 1803. Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev (1751-1809), count, director of the Moscow Noble Bank, patron of the arts, philanthropist, sent a letter to Emperor Alexander I:

“Guided by the immutable obligations of the Christian law and following the promptings of patriotic zeal, I have long decided to establish a hospice in Moscow for the maintenance of an almshouse at my expense, consisting of 100 people of both sexes and every rank, poor and disabled. And hospitals for 50 people for treatment without money, as well as for any condition of the poor.”

Sheremetev did not spare money for the poor and disabled. His beloved wife, actress and philanthropist Praskovya Kovaleva-Zhemchugova often came to Sukharevskaya Square to give alms to the poor. She remembered well her humble origins, so she always helped those in need. The Count, who passionately loved his wife, decided to build a Hospice House on Sukharevka. To realize his plans, he hired the architect Elizvoy Nazarov, himself a former serf, a student of Bazhenov and Kazakov. At first the building was built modestly. However, two years after the wedding, in 1803, Praskovya gave birth to a son for the count and died from postpartum complications. The inconsolable Sheremetev decided to perpetuate the memory of his wife in the Host House, inviting him to rebuild the future Sklif and turn it into the “Palace of Mercy” by the famous architect Giacomo Quarenghi.

A hospice house behind the Sukharev Tower with 100 beds - a hospital and an almshouse - was opened on June 28, 1810. The count himself did not live to see this event.

First patients and inhabitants

However, Sheremetev made sure that the almshouse did not need anything, opening an account for its maintenance and depositing hundreds of thousands of rubles there, a lot of money at that time. The first residents of the almshouse (suspected) were petty officials, retired officers, priests, and elderly townspeople.

The foster home turned away almost no one. Annual sums were allocated for dowries to “poor and orphaned girls”, “to help families of all fortunes experiencing poverty”, to help impoverished artisans and the ransom of prisoners from debtor prisons, for deposits in churches, for the creation of a library with a reading room, for the burial of the poor and others. needs.

Since the 1850s, the Hospice House increasingly began to be called the Sheremetev Hospital. A new stage in its development began in 1858 with the arrival of the new chief physician A.T. Tarasenkova. From an almshouse, the future Sklif increasingly turned into a real medical institution. Tarasenkov established strict control over the purchase and prescription of medications, and established regular rounds and examinations of patients. Patients were given cash benefits upon discharge.

Hospital and laboratories

In 1876, a free outpatient clinic was opened to dispense medications - “ incoming department" By the end of the 19th century, Sheremetyevo Hospital became one of the leading medical institutions in Moscow. The hospital began to introduce advanced methods of surgical treatment. Operating rooms with the latest equipment, the first X-ray machines, and laboratories for chemical and microscopic studies appeared.

It was estimated that over the hundred years of the existence of Count Sheremetev’s Hospice House, approximately 2 million people benefited from its charity. Over 6 million rubles were spent on this.

The hospice house was abolished in 1918, but the hospital continued to exist, and it was still called Sheremetyevskaya.

The new chief physician, Gerstein, ordered the medical institution to work around the clock, providing emergency assistance to city residents. People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR Semashko considered the organization of publicly accessible emergency medical care for the population a priority.

On July 18, 1919, the Moscow Council decided to create a Moscow ambulance station on the basis of the Sheremetyevo Hospital.

In 1923, the hospital was renamed the Emergency Care Research Institute.

Why Sklifosovsky

“In short, Sklifosovsky,” says Yuri Nikulin’s character Dunce in Leonid Gaidai’s comedy “Prisoner of the Caucasus.” And he's not so wrong. Ambulance I just have to react quickly and clearly.

The institute was named after the legend of Russian medicine Nikolai Sklifosovsky in 1923, and the former head physician of the Gerstein Hospital was appointed director. By the way, Nikolai Sklifosovsky himself has never been to the hospital named after him. But the memory of their teacher, an outstanding Russian surgeon, professor and scientist, was preserved by his students: N. I. Pirogov, E. Bergman, K. K. Reyer. They, like Sklifosovsky, continued to introduce advanced medical discoveries and developments into the practice of treating patients. And Sklif picked up this baton.

Chief Surgeon Kasintsev, a student of Sklifosovsky, developed new principles for the work of doctors: daily conferences with an analysis of the results of daily work, mandatory participation of radiologists in the work, and much more.

In 1930, through the efforts of the new chief surgeon Yudin, a special operating building with modern sterilization units and a department for the treatment of fractures using the traction method was opened.

Soon the ambulance station, which already had a network of units throughout the city, became an independent institution subordinate to the Moscow City Health Department.

War and post-war years

During the Great Patriotic War, the institute received tens of thousands of wounded, but did not stop scientific work for a second.

Many specialists were drafted into the active army, many scientists headed the work of the medical units of the army and navy.

After the war, many independent areas arose within the field of emergency surgery. Accordingly, new divisions of the institute were opened. In 1960 - emergency surgery department. In 1967 - resuscitation and anesthesiology department. In the sixty-ninth there is a department of emergency surgery of the thoracic cavity.

The USSR Ministry of Health gave the institute the official status of the head union organization in the field of emergency surgery. In 1971, the construction of a new multi-storey clinical and surgical building, equipped with the most modern equipment, began and ten years later was completed.

At the moment, the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky is the main medical institution Moscow and Russia on the problems of emergency medical care, emergency cardiology, burns and acute poisoning.

Materials for publication were provided by the Main Archive Department of Moscow.

History of the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky originates from the Hospice House, founded for charitable purposes by Count N.P. Sheremetev in 1803 and officially opened in 1810. The house consisted of a hospital for 50 “suffering from illnesses” and a shelter for 25 orphan girls. It was one of the first institutions in Russia to provide medical care to the poorest segments of the population and to care for orphans and homeless people.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, the building of the Hospice House housed a hospital, first for the French and then for the Russian army, and later - a hospital for those wounded in the Russian-Turkish War of 1887. The wounded from the fronts of the Russian-Japanese and the First World War were also received here. Permanent surgical practice has been carried out here since 1815. In 1923, on the basis of the Sheremetev Hospital (formerly the Hospital for Hospice), the Institute of Emergency Care was organized, bearing the name of N.V. since 1929. Sklifosovsky and widely known to Muscovites and residents of other Russian cities as a medical institution that provides highly qualified care at any time and to any patient. As a department, the Institute was assigned an Emergency Medical Station located on its territory, which was headed by the chief physician of the Sheremetev Hospital G.M. Gerstein. In the same 1923, the Ambulance Station was headed by A.S. Puchkov. Under his leadership, organizational principles were developed, a documentation and reporting system was created, technical re-equipment was carried out, as a result of which the work of the station reached a new qualitative level. The station remained part of the Institute until 1940, and then was separated into an independent organization. The Institute’s staff was one of the first in the country to begin the development and practical construction of a state system for providing emergency medical care for acute diseases and injuries. The Institute was the first to raise the issue of the need for preventive work to prevent accidents and contributed to the adoption of a number of measures that protected different sides everyday life of the Moscow population. The Institute was also a pioneer in establishing an emergency surgical service. Here its basic principles are formulated and developed: qualified operational assistance at any time, uniformity of tactics and techniques of operations, participation in diagnostics of radiologists and clinical laboratory staff, the practice of morning conferences to discuss the results of the work over the past day. During the Great Patriotic War, the Research Institute named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky received tens of thousands of wounded. Here, the most complex operations were carried out to save the lives of soldiers and return them to duty. Many surgeons, nurses and orderlies worked at the front. At the end of the war, the surgical and therapeutic services of the Institute were reorganized and brought into line with peacetime tasks. The pre-war and war periods of the Institute's activity were marked by major scientific achievements in the field of medicine. Through the works of outstanding scientists V.A. Krasintseva, A.S. Puchkov, academicians of the Academy of Medical Sciences S.S. Yudina, B.A. Petrova, A.N. Kryukov, corresponding member of the Academy of Medical Sciences D.A. Arapov, professors P.I. Androsova, B.S. Rozanova, A.V. Rusakov and other prominent specialists of the Institute laid the foundations for the theory and practice of emergency medical care as a special branch of healthcare. The principles of emergency surgical care developed by the luminaries remain in force today, which convincingly demonstrates their correctness. The development of medical science was facilitated by the creation at the Institute of a Dissertation Council for the defense of candidate dissertations in the field of surgery, traumatology and orthopedics, anesthesiology and resuscitation. In 1978, under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the Scientific Council on Emergency Medical Care was formed, created to plan, coordinate and manage scientific research in this area. The head institution was determined to be the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky, who began to implement unified management of scientific research work on a city and country scale. The need to open multidisciplinary emergency hospitals in the country was scientifically substantiated. Thanks to the emergence of almost two hundred such hospitals in a short time and the creation of specialized emergency teams (cardiological, toxicological, intensive care, etc.), the quality of treatment of emergency conditions has significantly improved. The commissioning of a clinical and surgical building with 15 well-equipped operating rooms in 1982 contributed to the further development of emergency surgery, as well as neurosurgery and traumatology. As a result, the Institute has become a leading center for emergency surgery not only in Moscow, but also in the country. During the period 1992–2006. Significant changes were made at the research institute, brought to life by the requirements of modern medical science. Departments of acute endotoxicosis, liver transplantation, emergency plastic and reconstructive microsurgery, a laboratory of new surgical technologies, a department of emergency cardiac surgery and the City Burn Center have been created. The buildings where the departments of acute thermal injuries (City Burn Center) and acute poisonings (City Toxicology Center), the liver transplantation department and the department of crisis conditions and psychosomatic disorders are located have been reconstructed. A new building for the emergency cardiac surgery department was built. The restoration of the first building of the old building of the institute - an architectural monument - has been completed early XIX century. The Museum of Surgery and History of the Institute, created in 1948 on the initiative of Academician S.S., will reopen here. Yudina. A number of other historical buildings have been restored, including the chapel. The ancient park, which is an integral part of the unique institute ensemble, is maintained in exemplary order. In order to significantly speed up and improve the quality of the treatment and diagnostic process and improve the working conditions of personnel, in recent years, reconstruction of the admission department, operating unit, a number of intensive care units, a complex of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic units and a disinfection unit has been carried out. Today, the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky is the largest multidisciplinary scientific and practical center for emergency medical care in Russia. All of its divisions provide free, round-the-clock, highly qualified medical care to everyone who seeks it. Objectives of the institute - scientific activity , medical care for sick and injured people, training and consulting specialists in the field of emergency medicine. The Institute has formed over 40 scientific units, more than half of which are clinical. The great scientific and practical potential of the staff, modern equipment make it possible to successfully develop new and improve existing methods for diagnosing and treating the most severe injuries and complicated acute surgical diseases. The Institute employs more than 800 researchers and doctors, including 2 academicians and 2 corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 37 professors, 78 doctors and 167 candidates of medical sciences. There are 918 inpatient beds, including 90 intensive care beds. During the year, more than 20 thousand different operations are performed at the Institute’s departments. Scientific research is conducted in five main areas: diagnosis and treatment of mechanical and thermal injuries; diagnosis and treatment of acute diseases and damage to blood vessels of the heart, brain, aorta and its branches; diagnosis and treatment of acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs; diagnosis and treatment of acute exo- and endotoxicosis; organization of specialized emergency care for sick and injured patients at the inpatient stage. Over the past 10 years, approximately 235 case studies have been carried out to improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment. 62 monographs, about 4,100 scientific articles and other publications, including 86 collections of works, have been published. Institute staff have also written a large number of chapters and sections in books published by other institutions. 43 patents and certificates of invention were received, 32 improvement proposals were accepted for use. 140 dissertations were defended, including 25 doctoral dissertations. The implementation of scientific research results into practice has a positive effect on improving medical work. The growth of the level of scientific research led in 2001 to the creation at the Institute of a Dissertation Council for the defense of doctoral dissertations in the field of surgery, anesthesiology and resuscitation, traumatology and neurosurgery. To improve the professional level of doctors, more than 100 scientific and practical conferences and seminars were held, more than 130 information and methodological books were published documents. A major role in solving scientific and practical problems and in coordinating scientific research on the territory of the Russian Federation is played by the Problem Commissions of the Scientific Council for Emergency Medical Care in the field of combined trauma, cardiology and clinical toxicology and the Problem Commission on Emergency Surgery. The research results are analyzed in the external scientific connections . This significantly accelerates the implementation of advanced achievements of medical science. Many employees of the Institute have been awarded State Prizes, prizes from the Government of the Russian Federation and the Moscow City Hall. 8 employees were awarded the honorary title “Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation,” and 32 were awarded the honorary titles “Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation” and “Honored Health Worker of the Russian Federation.” Therapeutic work. The Institute provides free emergency medical care to the general population. Over the past 10 years, more than 450 thousand patients have received it. In 2005 alone, medical care was provided to 48,895 patients, 24,186 of whom were hospitalized (the main channel of receipts was emergency medical care); About 20,700 operations were performed. At the same time, the mortality rate was the lowest in recent years - 4.5%. 62% of hospitalized patients (about 15 thousand patients) were diagnosed with various types of trauma, including mechanical, thermal and chemical. Research Institute named after N.V. Sklifosovsky has the opportunity to provide specialized care, which is often unavailable in other medical institutions; for this reason, in just one year, 1074 patients were transferred to the Institute from hospitals in Moscow, the Moscow region and other regions of Russia. In addition, Moscow hospitals are provided with advisory and specialized assistance by specialists from visiting teams in neurosurgery, endoscopy and endotoxicosis. Resuscitation in critical conditions. The Institute has created the most powerful resuscitation service in Russia, consisting of 9 intensive care units. Over the course of a year, more than 8,500 patients with traumatic brain and associated injuries, burns, acute poisoning, diseases of the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver, and gastrointestinal tract undergo intensive therapy. In a special department, severe clinical and laboratory manifestations of endotoxicosis that develop as a result of multiple organ failure are treated. Thanks to the well-equipped Institute and highly qualified personnel, the mortality rate for traumatic brain injury, vascular diseases of the brain, extensive burns, and acute poisoning is the lowest in Russia and corresponds to the international level. Scientific research allows the Institute to develop recommendations for other emergency medicine institutions. This concerns the introduction of a number of unique technologies - emergency multicomponent detoxification systems, neuromonitoring, hyperbaric oxygenation with the possibility of prosthetic breathing, blood-saving methods in emergency surgery, etc. Trauma. The most common causes of mechanical damage are road trauma, falls from great heights, as well as gunshot and stab wounds. The most numerous are patients with mechanical trauma (in 2005 alone there were 8,672). The most severe contingent are patients with concomitant, combined trauma, whose share was about 35%. For the treatment of such patients, the anti-shock suit “Kashtan” was developed and introduced into industrial production (Gold Medal of the Brussels Exhibition in 1996). Its use in the prehospital stage allowed a threefold reduction in the incidence of deaths associated with the development of severe shock. Submersible osteosynthesis for severe fractures and ruptures of the pelvic joints and blocking osteosynthesis for “large” fractures with multiple trauma were also introduced - more than 800 such operations have been performed in recent years. A system for diagnosing, preventing and treating life-threatening complications has been developed, which has made it possible to reduce their frequency by 2–4 times. Thanks to the introduction of scientific developments, mortality from combined trauma has been reduced in recent years from 29 to 18% - more than 1.5 times. In addition, hip replacement, osteosynthesis with cannulated screws, patellar replacement, and replacement of the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint in case of ruptures have been introduced as early surgical treatment of injuries. For 2005 at the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky admitted 800 victims with chest and neck trauma and 230 with trauma or diseases of the esophagus (135 and 95, respectively). In a significant proportion of cases (more than 160), there were combined wounds of the chest and abdomen, which are among the most severe types of open trauma, as they are often accompanied by damage to many internal organs and massive blood loss. For such cases, the department of emergency thoracoabdominal surgery actively uses video thoracoscopy, with which you can quickly determine the nature of damage to the chest organs and perform the necessary surgical interventions, which often eliminates the need for extensive operations and allows you to plan the treatment process much more accurately. In addition, the department performs unique interventions that are performed only at the Institute: surgical treatment of wounds and damage to the esophagus and the consequences of its chemical and mechanical trauma, as well as emergency and reconstructive operations for mechanical damage to the trachea and their consequences (tracheoesophageal fistulas, tracheal strictures ). Great progress has been made in the field of immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of purulent-septic complications in victims with penetrating wounds of the chest and abdomen. A technique has been developed for the treatment of clotted hemothorax, which allows to reduce the number of traumatic thoracotomies. An undoubted achievement of the institute is the reduction in mortality due to injury from 5.7% in 2002 to 3.7% in 2005. Thermal injury. In 2005, 1,740 patients with burns received care in the department of acute thermal injuries. One of the most effective methods of treating burn injury is early active surgical intervention (removal of non-viable tissue, skin grafting), thanks to which it is possible to save victims who until relatively recently were considered doomed. Other methods are also being developed to improve the quality of treatment: cell therapy, complex treatment of burns of the upper respiratory tract with irradiation of the affected mucosa of the tracheobronchial tree (TBT) with a low-energy laser, supravenous laser irradiation of blood. Their use significantly reduces the healing time of burns with good functional and cosmetic results. On average, the healing time of defects in the LBD mucosa was reduced by 4–5 days, the number of pneumonias decreased by more than 20%, and economic indicators improved. Lesions of the brain and spinal cord. Over the course of a year, the neurosurgical clinic admits more than 2,500 patients and performs about 1,000 operations using modern technologies. Scientific developments relating to various areas of emergency neurosurgery are reflected in more than 20 monographs and 800 printed works and reports at international and all-Russian scientific conferences. For more than 40 years, annual city scientific and practical conferences and seminars in the specialty have been held on the basis of the Institute, and since 2003, master classes have been held on the basis of the department. Many department employees trained in foreign clinics (Italy, France, USA, Belgium, Holland, Germany). Since 1998, on the initiative of the head of the department, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor V.V. Krylov and Professor V.V. Lebedev publishes the journal “Neurosurgery”; it now has over 2,000 subscribers and is sent out free of charge. Mortality in the department is 1.5 times lower than the Moscow average. The priority of the department is early surgical treatment of cerebral hemorrhages resulting from rupture of vascular aneurysms, which makes it possible to reduce the incidence of deaths in these conditions by almost 3 times (from 25 to 9%). The results of treatment of subdural hemorrhages are also significantly better than all-Russian indicators. Methods for minimally invasive treatment of hemorrhagic strokes using microsurgical techniques have been developed. The treatment of peacetime weapons-related craniocerebral wounds and complications of spinal trauma has been significantly improved. The use of osteoplastic trephination, drainage of hematomas through burr holes, microsurgery of aneurysms and malformations, and local fibrinolysis of traumatic intracranial hematomas is expanding. Neurovideoendoscopy, minimally invasive thoracoscopic spinal fusion, the Stryker neuronavigation system and systems for correction and stabilization of the damaged spine are used. Emergency surgery. In 2005, emergency surgical interventions were performed in 1,560 patients. In the field of emergency surgery, over the last decade, methods for early topical diagnosis and surgical treatment of mechanical liver damage using minimally invasive technologies have been developed and put into practice, thereby significantly reducing the frequency of reoperations. For the diagnosis and treatment of perforated pyloroduodenal ulcers, diagnostic video laparoscopy is widely used, and, if necessary, a direct transition to minimally invasive operations from laparoscopic access, which is possible in 90% of cases. Methods for the staged treatment of complications of cholelithiasis have been developed, including - in case of high postoperative risk - the use of video laparoscopic technology, which significantly improves the prognosis for this pathology. In the treatment of pancreatitis, preference is given to minimally invasive puncture-drainage and video-laparoscopic interventions and manipulations for fluid accumulations containing large amounts of toxic substances. Videoretroperitoneoscopy and minilaparotomy using the MiniAssistent apparatus are being introduced. For more than 20 years, a specially created department has been carrying out a lot of work in such a difficult area as the prevention and treatment of purulent complications in surgery. Methods for eliminating sources of purulent complications have been improved, including in the treatment of the most severe of them - peritonitis and intestinal fistulas. The principles of highly effective closed aspiration and lavage treatment of suppurative processes have been developed and widely introduced into practice; equipment for its implementation; antibacterial suture materials and preparations for local treatment of wounds. Surgical stapling devices (AKA-2, AKA-4, AKA-5M and LPK) have been created and are used in many hospitals across the country, the use of which significantly improves the results of operations on the digestive tract. The Institute is one of four centers in Russia where liver transplantation has been performed since 2000. To date, of the 47 patients who underwent this operation, 31 (66%) are alive. The department also performs other high-tech operations - hemihepatectomy, segmental and atypical liver resection. Blood-saving technologies have been introduced. In the departments of emergency vascular surgery and emergency cardiac surgery of the Institute, operations are performed for ruptured aneurysms of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, and for the prevention of ischemic strokes - operations on the vessels of the neck, aorta and its branches. The number of coronary bypass operations in 2005 was 139, of which 95 were emergency. At the same time, the Med-IR thermal imaging complex is actively used for visualization of blood vessels during the diagnostic period and during cardiac surgery. Autoarterial grafts are used to achieve more durable long-term results of coronary artery bypass grafting. Together with the department of emergency thoracoabdominal surgery, in the department of emergency plastic and reconstructive microsurgery, in addition to emergency reconstructive operations (replantations) for traumatic amputations of fingers and larger segments of the limbs, as well as operations for damage to blood vessels and nerves of the hand and forearm, microsurgical methods are being introduced using our own tissues of patients (autotransplantation) for plastic surgery of the esophagus and trachea. In the laboratory of new surgical technologies, new methods of endosurgery are intensively developed. The following are performed: elimination of adhesive intestinal obstruction, suturing of perforated ulcers, thoracoscopic operations for wounds and complications of closed chest trauma, for bullous disease complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax, evacuation of coagulated hemothorax, pneumolysis, pleurectomy, decortication, suturing of lung wounds, coagulation of lung and pleural wounds, removal foreign bodies, revision and drainage of the pleural cavity, lung resection. Together with the clinic of emergency thoracoabdominal surgery, a new operation for severe closed chest trauma has been introduced into practice - thoracoscopic extrapleural subfascial fixation of floating rib fractures with knitting needles. Video laparoscopic operations are also being introduced in emergency gynecology. In the endoscopic department, low-energy laser irradiation of the mucous membrane of the tracheobronchial tree in case of thermal inhalation injury, chromogastroscopy and esophagogastroimpedance manometry are introduced into practice to monitor gastroesophageal reflux in case of burns of the esophagus, as well as endoscopic ligation of varicose veins of the esophagus and cardia. In 2005, 10,270 therapeutic and diagnostic procedures were performed. X-ray surgical methods of diagnosis and treatment are also being developed - angiographic studies, X-ray endovascular embolization of cerebral aneurysms, gastric and uterine arteries in case of bleeding from them. In 2005, about 3,600 therapeutic and diagnostic interventions were carried out. Acute complications of coronary heart disease. Among 318 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted in 2005, the mortality rate was 8.8%, which is almost two times lower than the Russian average. The Institute widely uses thrombolytic therapy (including at the prehospital stage), emergency angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting. The Institute is one of the few medical institutions in the country where PCI - percutaneous coronary interventions - is being developed and successfully used, not only in the first 12 hours, but also for several days from the onset of a heart attack. PCI is successfully practiced for AMI with a high risk of death, and for various forms unstable angina, the use of PCI allows for complete restoration of working capacity. At the same time, mortality from AMI is reduced by 5–7 times and is absent in unstable angina and myocardial infarction without “Q”. In the latter case, the incidence of AMI is reduced by more than 10 times, and the length of hospital treatment is significantly reduced. The Institute has the largest experience in the world and the first in Russia of five successful PCIs for traumatic myocardial infarction with damage to the intima of the coronary artery, accompanying concomitant chest injury. Acute poisoning and endotoxicosis. The Institute is the founder of the toxicological service in the country. Following the example of his toxicology department, it was decided to organize similar specialized centers in the USSR, the number of which today exceeds 40. The mortality rate for acute poisoning has decreased in them by 2-3 times. This is especially important since injuries and poisonings are the second leading causes of death in the population. Improving the quality of treatment of severe poisoning has become possible thanks to the use of technologies for accelerated removal of toxicants from various sectors of the body (blood, intestines). These technologies, developed in recent years in the department for the treatment of acute poisoning (headed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences E.A. Luzhnikov), are based on the step-by-step application of methods that help cleanse the body (hemosorption, hemodialysis, intestinal lavage) and stimulate its own protective forces when blood is irradiated with ultraviolet and laser rays, exposed to magnetic fields and indirect electrochemical oxidation. With this approach to the treatment of acute poisoning, the safety of the interventions used is significantly increased due to the use of reduced intensity effects. In 2005, 4,362 patients were hospitalized with poisoning from drugs and toxic substances for non-medical purposes (alcohol, etc.). About half of them (1954) were treated, due to the severity of their condition, in the intensive care unit. The gradual introduction of highly effective treatment technologies in this department led to a significant reduction in the frequency of deaths - from 14% in 1983 to 7.7% in 2005. The Institute also operates the Federal government agency“Scientific and Practical Toxicology Center”, associated in its activities with the toxicology clinic. Over the last period, up to 4–6 thousand telephone consultations (clinical and laboratory) are provided annually to emergency medical teams, hospitals, the population of Moscow, as well as other cities and institutions of Russia. In addition, on-site consultations are practiced in the city and beyond, as a result of which a significant part of patients are transferred from other hospitals to the toxicology department of the Institute. The service operates around the clock (tel. 628–16–87). For the treatment of acute endotoxicosis, the relevant department uses modern high-tech methods of extracorporeal detoxification, including prolonged intensive sorption-membrane apheresis (PRISMA technology), the advantages of which are mobility and wide therapeutic capabilities. In 2005, 1,060 extracorporeal detoxification procedures were performed in the departments of the institute. Hyperbaric oxygenation. During 2005, 6854 sessions of hyperbaric oxygenation were performed for acute surgical and neurosurgical pathology, trauma, acute poisoning, endotoxicosis, somatopsychiatric and other diseases, as a result of which it was possible to reduce the frequency of purulent-septic complications, accelerate detoxification processes, regression of psychoneurological disorders and other painful manifestations. Rehabilitation treatment. Rehabilitation treatment includes physiotherapy and exercise therapy and is carried out for patients in all clinics of the institute, as well as for outpatients who need follow-up treatment after discharge from the hospital. This makes it possible to achieve physical rehabilitation of patients after severe operations and various injuries in the shortest possible time. In 2005, 3,903 patients were treated with restorative treatment and a total of 48,450 procedures were performed. Crisis states and acute psychosomatic disorders. The Institute has created a unique department to provide emergency care to patients with acute mental disorders combined with injuries to internal organs requiring surgical interventions. Over the past year, about 2,300 patients were treated in this department. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the influx of people injured as a result of man-made accidents, plane and car accidents, terrorist attacks and other emergency situations. These patients experience severe mental stress, which requires psychological help to eliminate. In 2001, a group of psychotherapists was formed and is functioning within the department. Clinical and psychological correction is carried out daily with patients experiencing mental stress associated with trauma, burns, detection of surgical diseases and upcoming surgery. About 700 sessions of group and individual psychotherapy were conducted for almost 170 patients who suffered in emergency situations. Over the past years, psychotherapy using the developed technology has been part of the treatment package for more than 2,000 patients, with whom about 5,000 psychotherapeutic sessions were conducted. Organization psychological assistance in emergency conditions has no analogues in domestic healthcare. Blood and Tissue Conservation Service. The Institute is the founder of the “Blood-saving surgery in emergency care” program. This is an important stage in improving the treatment of acute blood loss in surgery using autohemotransfusion, including its implementation during emergency and delayed surgical interventions. Blood spilled inside and collected during operations is processed using special technology and returned to the bloodstream. In emergency surgery, the Institute currently uses up to 1.5 - 2 thousand liters of autologous blood per year (in 2005 - 1.8 thousand liters), which largely solves the problem of the safety of blood transfusion and its components. When there is a massive influx of people affected by disasters or terrorist attacks, the transfusion service of the Institute receives a large flow of gratuitous donors (up to 1,800 people a week versus 100 in normal times), while simultaneously working to promote gratuitous donation and its rational use. Among the city's blood transfusion departments, the Institute's department ranks first in the number of attracted relative donors, 98% of whose donation is free of charge. In addition, the laboratory prepares allo-skin, bone, dura mater transplants and cell preparations, which are then used in clinical departments to treat various injuries of the limbs and brain. Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic complex. The Institute has a large laboratory base for early diagnosis of emergency conditions. In 2005 alone, the following were performed: about 27 thousand electrocardiographic, more than 150 thousand radiographic, about 50 thousand ultrasound, more than 20 thousand computed tomography, more than 6 thousand radionuclide and more than 15 thousand functional studies (various types of electroencephalography, spirometry , rheovasography, intragastric pH-metry, etc.), more than 450 angiographies. About 2.3 million clinical, biochemical, immunological, rheological, microbiological and toxicological analyzes were performed. During 2005, the laboratory for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis and HIV infection examined about 330,000 people (patients, donors, population), and performed about 1.2 million studies. Identification of infected individuals allows for timely implementation of treatment and preventive measures to prevent the spread of infection. Elimination of medical consequences of emergency situations. The Institute's staff actively provided assistance to the wounded and victims of the events of 1993. The Institute also provided assistance to victims of disasters and terrorist acts, such as: earthquake in Armenia (Spitak and Leninakan cities, 1988); gas explosion during the passage of passenger trains in Bashkiria (1989); explosion in an underground passage Pushkin Square(Moscow, 2000); explosion at the Belorusskaya metro station (Moscow, 2001); hurricane in Moscow (2001); helicopter crash in the mountains Khankala (2002); consequences of the terrorist attack in the Palace of Culture on the street. Dubrovka (“Nord-Ost”, Moscow, 2002); explosion at the Wings festival in Tushino (Moscow, 2003); fire in the dormitory of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (Moscow, 2003); explosion near the Rizhskaya metro station (Moscow, 2004); explosion at the Avtozavodskaya metro station (Moscow, 2004); collapse of a water park building (Moscow, 2004); consequences of the terrorist attack in Beslan (2004). In addition, the Institute’s employees systematically provide assistance to victims of mass poisonings with various chemicals. Scientific-organizational and academic work. For more than 10 years, the Institute has had postgraduate studies, doctoral studies in 6 specialties, clinical residency in 19 specialties, and additional education programs carried out in accordance with federal programs. The Institute trains not only citizens of the Russian Federation, but also citizens of the CIS countries and foreign countries. Every year, about 150 clinical residents, 6–8 graduate students and 500 doctors are trained in additional education programs. The educational and clinical department is developing methodological manuals that allow doctors to use them as board books when providing medical care to the population. Departments of higher education operate on the basis of the Institute. educational institutions- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (Department of Emergency Surgery and Clinical Toxicology), Moscow State Medical Dental University (Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine), Educational and Scientific Center at the Medical Center of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation (Department of Emergency Care and Intensive Care). The editorial and publishing department, which has been successfully functioning for more than 10 years, prepares for publication and publishes the works of the institute and its employees. The Institute also has a rich scientific and medical library. The Department of External Scientific Relations coordinates scientific research conducted outside the institute, searches and processes scientific information, and conducts work in the field of the history of medicine. Recognition of the achievements of the Institute staff. Over the long history of the Institute, the merits of its staff have been repeatedly noted by the highest authorities of the state and the city of Moscow. The great achievements of the Institute are described in the documents of the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR and the Presidium of the Moscow Soviet, published already in the first period of its work (1935). The most significant awards are more late period- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 22, 1960) and the Order of Lenin (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 14, 1973). The Institute was also awarded a large number of diplomas, certificates and prizes, indicating its significant contribution to the country's healthcare. Hospice House - Sheremetevskaya Hospital - Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky have always played a prominent role in domestic medicine. Being a model for building an emergency medical service for many countries in Europe and America, the Institute, despite the changed living conditions of our society, successfully continues its activities. The Institute has created a modern material base and employs a large team of highly qualified specialists who store and multiply the best traditions domestic healthcare. This allows us to save sick and injured people who were previously considered hopeless, and return thousands of people to active activities, preserving their physical and mental health.

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Quarenghi also rebuilds the house church Life-Giving Trinity: a bypass gallery was added to it, which made it possible to connect the two wings of the house with the hospital and the almshouse.
The interior decoration of the church becomes more luxurious: it uses decorative painting, artificial marble, coffered vaults with openwork stucco molding, design of the iconostasis different from that in Nazarov’s project. Well-known painters, sculptors, decorators in Moscow at that time, as well as the Sheremetev serf craftsmen took part in the implementation of the architect’s plans.

The majestic high reliefs “Massacre of the Innocents” and “Resurrection of Lazarus” by the famous Moscow sculptor Gabriel Zamaraev became a true decoration of the temple.
He also executed four allegorical figures in relief - Love, Abundance, Justice and Mercy, placed in round medallions in the dining room of the Hospice House.

The abundance of sculpture, unusual for an Orthodox church, reflects, first of all, the tastes of Count N.P. Sheremetev himself. The painting in the interior of the church was done by the artist Domenico Scotti.

Particularly expressive is the composition “Trinitarian Deity in Glory” placed in the dome, in the lower part of which the inscription on Latin: "Invented and painted by Domenic Scotti in 1805." According to legend, the face of one of the cherubs (with a palm branch) was painted by Scotty from the young D.N. Sheremetev.
There is an assumption that an angel with a tambourine in blue clothes is a portrait image of P. I. Sheremeteva.

Numerous church utensils, expensive frames for ancient icons, and a strict and exquisite iconostasis created the appearance of one of the most extensive and famous house churches in Moscow.

According to historical evidence, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity was closed in 1922. During the scientific restoration carried out in the early 2000s, its interior, iconostasis and decoration were completely restored. The revived temple was consecrated with a small rite in January 2008 by Patriarch Alexy II,
and during the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Hospice House in the summer of 2010, Patriarch Kirill performed a great consecration ceremony. Services in the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity are held on weekends and on major church holidays.

Despite the fact that Count N.P. Sheremetev did not live to see grand opening Hospice House on June 29, 1810, with his orders he laid a solid foundation for it going concern throughout the 19th century. Back in 1803, he ordered the sale of three of his houses in Moscow and St. Petersburg and all proceeds “to be converted into capital, which would forever and inalienably belong to the establishment.” Also, all income from the village of Molodoy Tud, Tver province, was supposed to go to the maintenance of the Hospice House.

In a petition addressed to Emperor Alexander I, Sheremetev asks for state support for his brainchild: to free the Hospice House “from all philistine duties”, to provide its protection with a military guard, and to oblige the Moscow Noble Assembly to provide it with all possible assistance. The Emperor fulfilled all the Count’s requests and also ordered the publication of “The Establishment and Staff of the House of Hospice in Moscow” in Russian and German.

According to the “Establishment...” the management of the Hospice House was collegial, the actions of the manager were public, the election of the caretaker was provided to the noble society. All the caretakers of the house, starting from Privy Councilor Alexei Fedorovich Malinovsky, were famous and respected people in society, who for more than a century tried to preserve this unique building, and the capital, and the principles of charity bequeathed by the founder, the main one of which was the principle of absolute free medical care help.

Initially, the Hospice House was designed for 150 places. 100 of them were occupied by people in need (residents of the almshouse) and 50 by medical and service personnel. The range of benefactors of the Hospice House was quite wide. Annual sums were allocated for dowries to “poor and orphaned girls”, “to help families of all fortunes experiencing poverty”, to help impoverished artisans and the ransom of prisoners from debtor’s prisons, for deposits in the temples of God, for the creation of a library with a reading room, for the burial of the poor and other needs.

It was estimated that over the hundred years of the existence of Count Sheremetev’s Hospice House, approximately 2 million people benefited from its charity. Over 6 million rubles were spent on this.

Since the 1850s, the Hospice House increasingly began to be called the Sheremetev Hospital. Contemporaries rated it as one of the best private hospitals in Moscow in the 19th century. Throughout the entire period of existence of the Hospice House, fulfilling the behest of the founder, Count N.P. Sheremetev, his descendants sought to support the activities of the institution at the proper level. All the latest discoveries in natural science and technology, which found practical application in medical practice, immediately appeared at the disposal of the clinic’s doctors. Here, earlier than in other Moscow hospitals, they began to use X-ray machines and use physiotherapeutic and water treatments, in particular, Charcot's douche, introduce new surgical techniques for certain diseases and injuries.

The main medical staff of the hospital were graduates of the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University.

The hospital's doctors made an invaluable contribution to the development various types provision of medical care: surgical, gynecological, outpatient and emergency medical care to patients and victims, training of doctors and students.

The main doctors here were the most famous doctors in Moscow: Ya. V. Kir, P. N. Kildyushevsky, A. T. Tarasenkov, S. M. Kleiner.

After October revolution In 1917, the very name of the Hospice House was liquidated. It turned into an ordinary city hospital, on the basis of which in 1923 the Moscow Health Department decided to organize the Institute of Emergency Care, which was named after N.V. Sklifosovsky.

As a department, the institute was given the Emergency Medical Service Station located on its territory, organized in 1919 on the initiative of V.P. Pomortsov. In 1922, it was headed by A. S. Puchkov. Under his leadership, organizational principles were developed, a documentation and reporting system was created, technical re-equipment was carried out, as a result of which the work of the station reached a qualitatively new level.

The ambulance station remained part of the institute until 1940, and then was separated into an independent organization.

The first director of the institute was the famous Moscow surgeon G. M. Gershtein. During the difficult years of poverty and devastation, he managed to ensure the operation of the hospital and took the first steps to improve its equipment and equipment. As a result, the institute’s staff was one of the first in the country to begin the development and practical implementation of a state system for providing emergency medical care for acute diseases and injuries.

The organization of the surgical service of the institute is associated with the name of the talented surgeon V. A. Krasintsev (1866-1928). It was under him that the basic principles of the emergency surgical service were laid down: performing qualified surgical procedures at any hour of the day, participating in the diagnosis of radiologists and clinical laboratory staff, introducing morning conferences to discuss the results of the work over the past day.

His assistants were Professor P. D. Solovov, and then A. Kh. Babasinov, residents were D. L. Vaza, M. G. Geller, N. I. Fomin, A. D. Esipov, G. Z. Yakushev, R.G. Sakayan, A.F. Agapov, B.S. Rozanov, Petrov, B. G. Egorov, M. M. Nechaev. At the same time, scientific activity began to develop, summarizing the rapidly growing experience in emergency surgery.

After the death of V. A. Krasintsev, a brilliant scientist and talented organizer S. S. Yudin (1891 - 1954) was appointed in his place, who was destined to mark an entire era in the history of the institute.

The surgical department is being refurbished; in 1930, a special operating building was opened, equipped with the latest sterilization units; instruments and equipment are ordered from abroad; methods of treating acute surgical diseases are being reviewed. Like his predecessor, S.S. Yudin observed the principle of strict unity of command in all clinics, which was maintained at the institute in subsequent decades and brought success to the common cause.

S. S. Yudin did a lot to popularize spinal anesthesia; For the monograph "Spinal Anesthesia" in 1925 he was awarded the Prize. A. F. Reina.

S.S. Yudin improved the Roux-Herzen esophagoplasty operation by using his own techniques, which quickly found numerous followers.

In 1930, S.S. Yudin, for the first time in the world, transfused fibrinolytic blood to a patient who was dying of bleeding and saved him. For his work “Drip transfusion of cadaveric blood” S.S. Yudin was awarded the Prize. S. P. Fedorova. The institute began extensive scientific research on the issues of cadaver blood transfusion, and by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War this method was successfully used in clinical practice.

For research current problems emergency surgery S.S. Yudin was twice awarded the Stalin Prize, and for the development of a method for the preparation and use of fibrinolysis blood he was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945. a significant part of the medical personnel was drafted into the active army. Many scientists headed the work of medical units of the fronts and armies: D. A. Arapov was the chief surgeon of the Northern Fleet, B. A. Petrov was the chief surgeon of the Black Sea Fleet, A. A. Bocharov was the chief consultant of the Soviet Army.

In January 1942, the chief surgeon of the institute, S.S. Yudin, became a military inspector. In the field, he performed hundreds of complex operations and made many inventions that made the work of front-line doctors easier. At the same time, the hospital did not stop providing daily assistance to the civilian population of the city and research on current issues of military field surgery in the clinics of the institute.

For his scientific work and dedicated work during this period, S.S. Yudin was awarded the Stalin Prize and the Order of the Red Star.

In 1944, the institute was given the status of a scientific research institution in Moscow.

Great importance for the development of clinical disciplines there were experimental studies conducted at the institute. They were started at the end of the war by the laureate Lenin Prize Doctor of Medical Sciences S. S. Bryukhonenko in the laboratory of experimental physiology and therapy. His world-class work on the creation of methods of artificial circulation and revitalization of the body made it possible to accelerate the development of resuscitation and ensure the successful performance of the most complex cardiac surgeries.

Priority experimental studies on heart and other organ transplants, conducted in the organ transplant laboratory by the laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the Russian Federation, the Prize of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences named after. N. N. Burdenko and Doctor of Biological Sciences V. P. Demikhov allowed us to develop the fundamental principles of surgical techniques that are widely used in modern transplantology.

Active research was carried out in the experimental laboratory - first under the leadership of Doctor of Biological Sciences V.V. Troitsky, and since 1971 - USSR State Prize laureate Professor Yu. M. Galperin. The study, along with others, of the pathogenesis and treatment of paresis, paralysis and functional intestinal obstruction largely contributed to the development of emergency surgical gastroenterology.

After the end of the war, in accordance with the new tasks, the institute was reorganized, which mainly affected the surgical and therapeutic services.

The next stage in the development of the Moscow Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky came into office in 1968, with the appointment of Professor B.D. Komarov as director of the institute, and Professor A.P. Kuzmichev as his deputy for scientific work.

The system of organizing emergency assistance to the population that had developed by this time required changes. There is a need to improve the organization of the pre-hospital stage of the emergency medical service. With the start of the construction of new and reorganization of existing multidisciplinary city hospitals in the emergency hospital, it was necessary to have scientifically based recommendations regarding the organization of specialized departments; volume and nature of patient admission; 24-hour assistance; rational organization of the work of express diagnostic services and resuscitation care; professional training of doctors.

In 1969, design began, and in 1971, construction of a multi-story clinical and surgical building of the institute began. New scientific units were created, such as laboratories for organizing emergency care, acute hepatic and renal failure; departments of anesthesiology, intensive care, hyperbaric oxygenation. A powerful clinical diagnostic department has been created, including endoscopic, radioisotope, and X-ray angiography laboratories. The clinical and biochemical laboratory, the laboratory of tissue preservation and transfusiology, and the laboratory of experimental pathology have been expanded. There is a need for further development specialized services, which in subsequent years grew into specialized city centers. Many heads of the institute's clinical departments became the city's main specialists at this time.

In 1971, the Scientific Council for the defense of candidate dissertations was organized at the institute.

The next stage of development of the institute began in 1992 (director - corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, professor A. S. Ermolov, deputy for scientific work M. M. Abakumov). Over the past 14 years, with the support of the Moscow Government, most of the institute's buildings have been reconstructed.

The restoration of the Hospice House, carried out in the early 2000s, made it possible to restore the historical appearance of the interiors of the Dining Hall and the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity and, without violating the plans of its creators, to adapt the ancient building for the needs of a multidisciplinary clinical institution in Moscow.

In 2006, the reconstructed main building of the Hospice House was put into operation. Today, its premises house the directorate, the scientific part and a large laboratory complex of the Institute. Previously, the Doctor's Building, the eastern wing, which houses the City Burn Center, and the chief caretaker's building, which houses the City Liver Transplant Center, were reconstructed.

New scientific departments were created, such as the laboratory of new surgical technologies, the department for the treatment of acute endotoxicosis, the department of emergency plastic and reconstructive surgery, the liver transplantation department, and the department of emergency cardiac surgery.

The development of new directions in emergency medicine requires scientific, information and personnel support. For this purpose, the institute has computerized its main services, created a department for external scientific relations, an editorial and publishing and educational and clinical department.

Since 1993, the Dissertation Academic Council has been transformed into a doctoral council. The collection of the scientific medical library has been significantly expanded, which is equipped with modern computer information tools, including the Internet.

In 2006, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Mogeli Shalvovich Khubutia, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Russian Federation, Honored Doctor of Russia, laureate of awards from the Government of the Russian Federation and the Moscow Mayor's Office, was appointed director of the institute. He is the Chairman of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences on emergency medical care.

For more than twenty years, he held the post of deputy director for scientific and clinical work at the Research Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, where he completed his residency and postgraduate studies: the topic of his candidate's dissertation was the surgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias; his doctoral dissertation was based on the first experience of orthotopic heart transplantation in Russia.

On the initiative of M. Sh. Khubutia, new scientific and clinical divisions were opened at the institute: the department of emergency cardiology and cardiovascular surgery, which includes 5 specialized departments; Department of Cell and Tissue Technologies, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics; A kidney and pancreas transplant group has been formed and is actively working; three new operating rooms have been put into operation: two neurosurgical and one for victims of road traffic accidents.

M. Sh. Khubutia also organized at the institute the provision of highly qualified emergency medical care to the most severely ill patients during massive influxes of victims: after the explosion of the Nevsky Express, the fire in Perm, terrorist attacks in the Moscow metro and Domodedovo airport.

At the Institute, M. Sh. Khubutia performed the first heart, kidney, pancreas and lung transplants.

Under his leadership, scientific research is being conducted on the surgical correction of acquired heart defects, dissecting aortic aneurysm, and other complex emergency pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Experimental studies on intestinal and lung transplantation have begun.

In total, the institute has more than 40 scientific departments, half of which are clinical. Among the researchers and doctors of the Institute (and there are more than 800 of them) are 3 academicians, 3 corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 6 Honored Scientists of the Russian Federation, 31 professors, 75 doctors and 120 candidates of medical sciences.

Every year, doctors from the Research Institute for Emergency Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky provides assistance to 52,000 patients - both Muscovites and residents of the regions - half of whom are being treated in a hospital (the institute has 962 beds, of which 120 are intensive care; the wards here are one-, two- and five-bed). 25,000 patients receive the necessary emergency care on an outpatient basis.

Mobile teams of doctors from the Institute of Emergency Medicine (neurosurgery, endoscopy and endotoxicosis) are always ready to help patients in other Moscow hospitals.

The Institute is engaged in scientific research in five areas: diagnosis and treatment of mechanical and thermal injuries, acute diseases and injuries of the chest and abdomen, blood vessels of the heart, brain, aorta and its branches, acute exo- and endotoxicosis, organization of specialized emergency care at the inpatient stage.

Development of new and improvement known methods diagnostics and treatment in multidisciplinary hospitals allows the Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky remains the country's largest multidisciplinary scientific and practical center for emergency medical care.

In 2008, the revived Church of the Life-Giving Trinity was opened to parishioners, and during the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Hospice House, in the summer of 2010, Patriarch Kirill held a solemn ceremony of its complete consecration.

In 2010, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the “Temple of Mercy”, a anniversary exhibition, created by the institute’s specialists together with the staff of the Museum of Moscow. On its basis, the dream of Academician S.S. is being realized. Yudin - the museum founded by him in 1948 is being recreated, which is designed to reflect all stages of the dramatic and glorious history of both the Hospice House and its successor - the Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky.

Revival of the Institute Museum

The revival of the institute's museum began after the return in 1998 of the historical building of the Hospice House from the Academy of Medical Sciences to the Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky. The next steps along this path were taken in connection with the solemn celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Hospice House in the summer of 2010.

As a result, together with the Museum Association “Museum of Moscow” and with the support of the Moscow Department of Culture, the exhibition “Palace of Mercy” was opened, dedicated to this anniversary, which laid the foundation for the creation of a full-fledged museum exhibition.

The institute's staff, with the methodological and practical assistance of the Museum of Moscow staff, developed a thematic and exhibition plan for the future museum, which was largely implemented for the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Hospice House.

The exhibition shows the historical conditions and environment in which the Hospice House was created and functioned, the personalities of its creators and inspirers: outstanding representatives of the Sheremetev count family and the talented serf actress P.I. Kovaleva-Zhemchugova, and also reveals the uniqueness of the Hospice House as an outstanding architectural monument of the era of classicism.

The museum's exhibits, both original and copies, reflect all aspects of the history and charitable activities of the Hospital and the Sheremetev Hospital before 1917, as well as the period of the organization of the Institute named after. Sklifosovsky and the ambulance station in the 20s of the XX century as successors medical activities Sheremetevskaya Hospital and the development of emergency medical care in our country in the 20th century.

It is worth noting that among the many medical museums There is no museum of the history of emergency medical services in the world yet. Here the institute's museum is a pioneer.

Currently, there is an active collection of materials reflecting the formation and development of the institute’s departments and all aspects of its clinical and scientific activities.

The next section of the exhibition is dedicated to the period from 1923, when the Sheremetev Hospital was transformed into the Institute of Emergency Medicine named after. N.V. Sklifosovsky, and until now. On display are materials from the organizer of the Moscow Ambulance Service A. S. Puchkov, the first head of the surgical clinic V. A. Krasintsev, who laid the foundations of emergency surgery in the city, and other leading specialists of the institute, including pathologist A. V. Rusakov, the outstanding surgeon Academician S. S. Yudina.

Special attention is devoted to the work of the institute during the Great Patriotic War, when it remained practically the only medical institution in front-line Moscow providing emergency medical care to its population.

The exhibition reflects the contribution of the institute’s leaders and specialists to the organization of Moscow healthcare. The outstanding achievements of scientists are demonstrated: V. P. Demikhov, S. S. Bryukhonenko, the inventions of P. I. Androsov and N. N. Kanshin.

A separate block contains materials on the history of the preservation and restoration of the building of the Hospice House and the revival of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity.

The exhibition concludes with numerous awards from the Institute. They emphasize its importance as a large multidisciplinary scientific and practical center for emergency medical care in Russia.

One of the important components of the museum’s work is educational activities. It is expected to involve professors of the institute and a contingent of young specialists - residents, interns, and graduate students.

During the year, Muscovites can see twice interior decoration Hospice House, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity and the museum’s exposition: the institute hosts excursion groups on historical and cultural heritage capital - April 18 (International Day for the Preservation of Monuments and Sites) and May 18 (International Museum Day).

The story continues...

7 urgent facts from the life of the Sklifosovsky Institute

90 years ago the Institute of Traumatology and Emergency Care was opened. N.V. Sklifosovsky. The institute, which admits students without exams, is the country's main medical institution. 7 urgent facts from the life of the Sklifosovsky Institute.

How Lapota connected hearts

At the Sklifosovsky Institute they not only save human lives, but also, metaphorically speaking, connect hearts. It was “Sklif” that brought Yuri Nikulin closer to his future wife Tatyana Pokrovskaya. Tatyana studied at the Agricultural Academy and was fond of equestrian sports. In her stable lived a horse with funny nickname Lapota, she got this name because of her short legs. The clown Karandash liked the bast shoe and he took him to the circus, but the first joint performance of the clown Yuri Nikulin and the “humpbacked horse” ended in hospitalization for the former. Tatyana Pokrovskaya began to visit Nikulin in the hospital, and six months later they got married.

Dreams and reality

The current director of the institute, Anzor Khabutia, once shared an interesting story from his practice. There was a woman in his department; due to heart problems, she was prescribed bed rest. One day, the patient had a dream in which she was walking around the hospital and met her recently deceased aunt, who called her to come with her. The women approached the elevator, and Khabutia himself came out. He yelled at the patient and took her into the room. The next day, the surgeon was supposed to go to a conference, but changed his mind and came to the department, where he learned that his patient was dying, Khabutia gave her a cardiac massage and brought the woman back to life.

Burning yourself, shine for others

It is interesting that Nikolai Vasilyevich Sklifosovsky himself has never been to the Hospice House. However, it is no coincidence that the name of the great surgeon ended up on the same level as Sheremetyev and Zhemchugova, most he devoted his life to charity, wrote many scientific works, went through several wars and was a real devotee of medicine. It is significant that on the doors of Sklifosovsky’s estate hung the same inscription as Sheremetyev’s: “Burning yourself, shine on others.”

Everyone is equal

The history of the Sklifosovsky Institute preserves the memory of many famous patients. Thus, the hospital keeps the medical history of Prince Bagration, a hero of the War of 1812, to this day. During the Russian revolutions and civil war, both red and white people lay on adjacent beds. Despite the numerous famous patients, the policy of the Sklifosovsky Institute has always boiled down to one thing: people are divided into sick and healthy, regardless of their well-being, national and political affiliation, or position in society. Almost every day we hear news that this or that media person was taken to the Sklifosovsky Institute, but besides famous people, thousands of unknown patients are “saved” every day in the Sklifosovsky Institute.

Ascetic

An entire era from the life of the institute is associated with the name of the chief surgeon Sergei Sergeevich Yudin, an outstanding scientist and doctor. Yudin gained wide fame in 1930, when he saved a man who was bleeding to death by transfusing him with cadaveric blood. This was the first such case in the world, and it radically changed emergency medicine. Thanks to Yudin, by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the method was successfully used in clinical practice. Yudin told his students more than once that Pushkin could have been saved if the duel had taken place a century later. In addition to his medical merits, Yudin was known for his active work in organizing the restoration of the historical hospital building and the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, but the surgeon was arrested on false charges of “espionage for England” and his plans could not be realized. However, after his release, Yudin did not forget about his ideas and he gave his Stalin Prize for the restoration of the fresco under the dome of the temple, miraculously preserved under a layer of plaster.

Ambulance Museum

The Sklifosovsky Institute has opened the exhibition “Palace of Mercy”, a kind of emergency museum, the first in the world. During the year, Muscovites can twice see the interior decoration of the Hospice House, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity and the museum’s exposition: the institute hosts excursion groups on the days of the historical and cultural heritage of the capital - April 18 (International Day for the Preservation of Monuments and Sites) and May 18 (International Museum Day) .

Serious "patient"

IN late XIX century, a funny incident happened. A petition was submitted to the City Council by the owner of the marine exhibition “The Giant Whale”, Wilhelm Eglit. The owner of the real whale sought permission to hold his exhibition in different places city, but everywhere he was unsuccessful, since to accommodate the giant whale it was necessary to build a temporary booth. Eglit was helped by the intercession of the Imperial Russian Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants, thanks to which permission was given to place a booth in the front yard of the Hospice House. Entrance to the exhibition was paid for everyone except students of city schools. And we can say that the almshouse temporarily sheltered another “homeless person.”