International Circus. Tournier later built his own stone circus building, which came under the jurisdiction of the Directorate of Imperial Theaters
13.04.2017
World Circus Day is celebrated on the third Saturday of April. Circus art is designed to brighten up dull everyday life. bright colors. Funny clowns, gymnasts soaring under the dome, virtuoso magicians give children unforgettable impressions and emotions of delight. Despite all the deceptive ease with which circus performers perform their tricks, this craft requires extraordinary effort, dedication and love for the viewer.
The first time this holiday was celebrated was in 2010. Its creation was initiated by the World Circus Federation. In the coming years, World Circus Day will be celebrated on the following days.
- 2017 - April 15.
- 2018 - April 21.
- 2019 - April 20.
- 2020 - April 18.
- 2021 - April 16.
From the history of the circus
The circus originated in Ancient Rome. But his performances were quite cruel and differed significantly from modern show programs. Instead of cheerful clowns, resourceful magicians and dexterous tightrope walkers, an enthusiastic audience watched chariot races, gladiator fights and other events in this spirit.
More modern version The circus appeared in 1777 in England, when professional rider Philip Astley staged an acrobatic show. It was he who noticed that horses should gallop in a closed circle, and this is how the circus arena was created.
Celebrating Circus Day
On World Circus Day, everyone can attend a circus performance in their city, see an enchanting show, and also take part in master classes conducted by jugglers, magicians, acrobats and other circus performers.
In many countries, Circus Day is celebrated with carnival processions and mass street celebrations. Entertainment programs often include a visit to the circus backstage, where spectators can see with their own eyes the forge of an art that has deep historical roots.
Circus traditions
The circus headquarters is located in Monte Carlo. Its activities are supervised by Princess Stephanie of Monaco. The royal person initiated the creation of an association whose goal was to attract public attention to the circus craft.
In some countries there are circuses that have continued their traditions for more than a hundred years. Dynasties of artists work here, passing on their skills from father and mother to children. " Paradise show from the Celestial Empire" (China), "Circus of the Sun" (Canada) and so on.
A ticket to a circus performance is relatively inexpensive, and the artists of this organization work hard to create the performance long time, putting yourself in danger. Sometimes their skills reach perfection. They overcome enormous difficulties for the love of the viewer.
Today April 16 and every year, on the third Saturday of the month, all circus performers and circus lovers celebrate one of the most fun holidays - International Circus Day.
The Circus Association has created a new holiday
website / Day in history. The purpose of this holiday is not only to show the circus as it really is, but also to preserve the memory of all those who devoted their lives to this wonderful branch of culture. Circus lovers live all over the planet, their ages range from young to old, because circus is for everyone.
The creation of this holiday was inspired by the performance of the European Circus Association ( European Circus Association) and the World Circus Federation (Federation Mondiale Du Cirque) in 2009, which operate under the patronage of Princess Stephanie of Monaco. It was then that Princess Stephanie and the President of the European Circus Association, which has 21 circuses, told all circuses about the initiative to create an annual holiday - International Day circus, the celebration of which took place for the first time in 2010 and thus became a holiday that is celebrated every year in all countries.
The initiator of the holiday in 2008 was the headquarters of the World Circus Federation, which is located in Monte Carlo. Since the first European Circus Day was held on April 19, 2008, it was therefore proposed to celebrate Circus Day on the third Saturday of the month.
Many countries celebrate national circus days. For several years in Russia there have been debates about the establishment Russian day circus, since there is no specific day in Russia. On the day of the celebration of the first International Circus Day, it was celebrated by more than 25 countries, together with Russia.
Despite the fact that the circus is one of the ancient forms of art and mentions of riders, jugglers, equestrians, and acrobats date back to the times Ancient world, in the form in which we can observe circus art now, it appeared only in late XVIII century. The unofficial founder of the circus is considered to be the rider Philip Astley, who conducted various experiments and found that the diameter of the circle in which it is convenient for horses to perform various tricks while galloping is a circle of 13 meters. These recommendations are still used today in almost all circus arenas in the world.
Since Astley was an excellent horseman, he performed his tricks while on a horse. Later, in the arena, clowns, trainers, tightrope walkers and acrobats began to join him. TO mid-19th centuries, circus genres expanded. For example, when the safety net appeared, the tricks associated with it were quite complicated.
The emergence of the circus in Europe
In Europe, the circus, in its current form, appeared much earlier than in Russia. The oldest circus is considered to be Gaetano Ciniselli's circus, located in St. Petersburg, which still operates today. Famous Nikitin brothers, were the founders of the Russian circus, as they were the first to give a circus performance called “Russian Circus of the Nikitin Brothers” in the city of Penza, Saratov region. Later, they opened many circuses throughout Russia.
Circus in the modern sense is acrobatics, illusionism, clowning, pantomime, musical eccentricity, sideshow and many other genres. Some of the most famous circuses in the world are the Canadian “Cirque of the Sun” (Cirque du Soleil), or the Chinese acrobatic circus “Paradise Show from the Celestial Empire”. In America there is the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus, which is known for modernizing the circus business; there is also the famous French Fratellini Circus, in which the main role is played by clowns.
Russian circus
In Russia the most famous circus The Great Moscow State Circus, which is located on Vernadsky Avenue, is considered to be the largest circus station in the world. Over the entire period of its existence, it has released more than 100 different programs, in which the most best artists foreign, and of course, our circus. Names associated with the circus are known throughout the world, such as Vitaly Lazarenko, Oleg Popov, Yuri Nikulin, Mikhail Shuidin, Anatoly and Vladimir Durov, Williams Truzzi and Valentina Filatova, who created the “Bear Circus”.
Many circus teams make up entire dynasties. Such names as Kio, Zapashny, Tuganov, Doveiko, Durov, Kantemirov, Volzhansky were included in the golden fund of the Russian circus. Many films have been made about this art form, thousands of books have been written, and a lot of festivals have been created. The oldest festival takes place in Monte Carlo, where awards similar to the Oscars are awarded.
On International Circus Day, many circuses open their doors to everyone. Circuses are making free shows of masters obsolete, holding various exhibitions, carnivals and programs. International Circus Day is important event for all those who love the circus in all its forms.
Perhaps not a single circus building in the area former USSR did not get more than the Lugansk circus. The building was built in 1971 according to a standard design by the architect Solomeya Maksimovna Gelfer - if anyone doesn’t know, similar circuses are located in Ufa, Samara, Donetsk, Perm, Krivoy Rog, Novosibirsk, Voronezh, Kharkov and Bryansk.
After the events of the summer of 2014, the Lugansk circus was an extremely sad sight - the Ukrainian Armed Forces hit it precisely, otherwise there is nothing to explain such destruction: almost all the glass was broken, the walls were cut by shrapnel, there was a direct hit in the dome. The restoration of the building was carried out by the LPR and the Russian State Circus, with the direct assistance of V. Medinsky and V. Gagloev.
You can see how damaged the Lugansk circus was after the fighting here:
Support for circuses in Lugansk and Donetsk remains one of priority tasks Russian State Circus, and therefore it was decided to hold the holiday in Lugansk. The trip was led by General Director Vadim Gagloev, who became the main object of media attention, confirming that the Russian State Circus will not leave colleagues and friends in trouble:
In the foyer you can see a selection of photographs showing the destruction and subsequent restoration of the building. It should be immediately noted that after the renovation, the Lugansk Circus looks even better than some of the circuses of this project in the actual Russian Federation.
The head of the LPR, I. Plotnitsky, also arrived, and he opened the show with congratulations and the presentation of diplomas.
Let us note right away that very, VERY many children from a wide variety of creative and amateur groups of the Lugansk region took part in the performance. Work in this regard is being carried out most thoughtfully and extensively at the state level. In Russia, alas, this can be seen less and less often.
And the director of the Lugansk circus, Dmitry Kasyan, receives the title of Honored Artist of the LPR - without his energy and perseverance, it is generally unknown when the circus would open again.
Vadim Gagloev talked to the youth and congratulated them on the holiday:
There are also foreign artists - a troupe of acrobats from Kenya. It would seem that they forgot in Lugansk? But it’s okay, they arrived and performed well.
Both adults and children come out to the arena with their original numbers:
We especially note the attendance - the hall is packed, all the seats are occupied, families with children. Those who did not have enough space stood in the aisles and on the stairs - here the mandatory safety rules are somewhat simpler than, for example, in Ciniselli. And the audience is completely different - much more spontaneous and friendly.
Let's be honest - the program is modest, based primarily on amateur groups, but everything is so heartfelt that it looks very touching. Of course, not Dusoleil even once. But Dusoleil will not come here for obvious reasons.
And again, let’s note a lot of children participating in the program - after all, the costumes are sewn, the children are happy to participate in the performance, there are no whims, everything is very calm, businesslike and at the same time completely joyful. Everyone works for their own pleasure. Moreover, there are very small children, 5-6 years old.
The oldest artists of the Lugansk circus with their students -
Well, a little protocol. Vadim Gagloev with the management of the Lugansk Circus and guests.
And armed escort awaits us to move to Donetsk through that same Debaltsevo.
Let's remember once again what the Lugansk circus looked like quite recently:
Remember - everything will be fine. If we restored the circus, we will restore everything that was destroyed. Wait for the report from Donetsk next time - everything simply won’t fit into one post.
Today, circus is one of the most unusual and revered forms of art. The demonstration of fun and originality in circus programs influenced the development of modern entertainment art, because the circus is always relevant.
Circus performances have reached enormous proportions. Each new production surprises and shows something unusual to the modern viewer. Therefore, the performances include not only performances by a theater group, but also magic tricks, dangerous stunts, and the skills of trained animals.
Story
The celebration of Circus Day took place in 2010 for the first time. Patent and carry out this holiday proposed by two large international organizations:
- European circus association.
- International Circus Federation.
The proposal to create a holiday was justified by the almost complete lack of interest among young people in the circus as an art form. In addition, the holiday includes acquaintance of curious spectators with the inner world of the circus, the life of the actors, and their rehearsals.
In the first year of the celebration, no more than 30 countries supported the idea, and Russia was among the celebrating states whose circus school had international level. By the next year, about 40 countries had already decided to take part in the celebration, and this included more than 100 thematic productions. In general, about two hundred circus troupes organized Circus Day celebrations. Already in 2012, the number of celebrating countries increased to 47. The organizers are young groups from cultural cities and industry leaders, demonstrating their skills.
April 16 was not chosen by chance to celebrate International Circus Day. This day has gone down in history since 2008, when Europe first celebrated this holiday, pursuing the same goals.
Traditions
Considering that the holiday was patented recently, professionals and spectators have already managed to reward it with special traditions.
To attract spectators and young professionals, on this day many circuses invite everyone to a special program that attracts visitors not only holidays visit them, but also get acquainted with the scheduled performances of the artists. Circus troupes hold holiday festivals, in most cases for charity.
The public's spirits are supported by clowns and carnival participants who take to the streets of cities around the world. Performances that lift the spirits of city residents create an atmosphere of joy and carefreeness on this day.
With the initiative of holding an annual world day The circus was performed by the European Circus Association and the World Circus Federation (Federation Mondiale Du Cirque).
The World Circus Federation, headquartered in Monte Carlo, was founded in 2008 under the patronage of Princess Stephanie of Monaco. Federation is non-profit organization created to promote the development circus art and culture around the world, as well as to represent the interests of the circus at the international level.
The first circus was opened in London in 1777 (according to other sources in 1768) by Philip Astley. It was the first theatrical performance in Europe in a building with a round arena and a dome-shaped roof. Initially, the round arena in the circus existed exclusively for horses. Astley's circus was dominated by equestrian acts: figure riding, training, acrobat jockeys, living pyramids of riders, which were built at full gallop. Astley was the first to show vaulting - a complex gymnastic exercises on a horse moving at a walk, trot and gallop in a circle. He is also responsible for determining the diameter of the circus arena - 13 meters, which was chosen in such a way that the optimal centrifugal force of a galloping horse was created for the rider. In addition to horse shows, Astley's circus staged story shows. musical performances, extravaganzas and melodramas on historical topics, which included fencing and equestrian battle scenes. Philip Astley became the founder of the first circus dynasty. In 1782, a branch of his theater opened in Paris. Astley's Amphitheater existed until 1895 and was one of the most popular entertainment venues in London during the first century. half of the 19th century century.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the structure of the circus performance was changing dramatically. In the stationary circus, carpet clowns and clown trainers appear. After the introduction of a safety net, it becomes possible to make tricks more difficult. aerial gymnastics, where a new role appeared - “catcher” (an artist who belays and catches flying partners), and the “cross flight” number is performed for the first time. In the art of tightrope walking, the hemp rope is replaced with a stronger metal cable, which makes it possible to perform complex acrobatic pyramids on the rope. With the technical revolution of the early 19th century, performances and attractions based on the use of technology multiplied - from racing along a vertical wall to “flying from a cannon to the moon,” from extravaganzas on the water to new possibilities of illusion.
The origins of the Russian circus were in the performances of traveling buffoon artists, known since the 11th century. In the 18th century, fairground booths became increasingly widespread. folk festivals, where acrobats, gymnasts, and jugglers perform. IN early XIX century, circus performances were held in the arena of Count Zavadovsky in St. Petersburg, a special building was built for equestrian performances on Krestovsky Island. In 1849, a state-owned imperial circus was opened in St. Petersburg with a special department for training circus personnel. In 1853, a stationary circus was built in Moscow on Petrovka. There were traveling circuses in the provinces. In December 1877, a meeting took place in St. Petersburg Grand opening first in Russia stone building, built taking into account circus specifics. The initiative to build the circus belonged to the Italian rider and trainer Gaetano Ciniselli, the head of a large circus family.
Currently, there are stationary circuses in almost all regional and major cities Russia.
After October revolution The Main Directorate of Circuses (GUTs), a self-supporting organization that existed within the system of the Committee for Arts Affairs under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, was created. In addition to stationary ones, the State Center included traveling circuses and attractions under common name Circus association.
In 1957, the State Center was transformed into the All-Union Association state circuses- SoyuzGoscircus, which led the circus business in the USSR. Soyuzgoscircus provided economic activity circuses; supervised the production work of stationary circuses and circus groups, conducted training and retraining of artists of various genres.
After the collapse of the USSR there was "Rosgostsirk", which became the successor to "Soyuzgostsirk". This is the largest circus company not only in Europe, but also in the world, unites 42 stationary circuses in Russia. The Russian State Circus system, based on the so-called circus conveyor, presents almost 500 original circus acts and programs. Its artistic cadre consists of almost three thousand people, which are replenished by graduates State school circus and pop art named after M.N. Rumyantsev (Karandash), as well as members of amateur circus groups from 70 regions of the country. IN circus performances Almost two thousand animals participate.
The program for celebrating World Circus Day over the years - on this day, circus troupes organize open days for spectators and charity events, hold street performances, exhibitions, carnivals and processions with the participation of clowns, gymnasts, acrobats, jugglers and other circus performers.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
