Edouard Manet: impressionism as a method of rethinking the classics. The most famous paintings by Manet Which style was founded by Edouard Manet?

Manet Edouard(Manet, Edouard)

Manet Edouard(Manet, Edouard) (1832-1883), a French painter and graphic artist, with his art anticipated the emergence of impressionism and became one of its founders.

Almost all his life, Manet’s work faced opposition and difficulties. His father was the head of a department in the Ministry of Justice and prepared his son for a career as a lawyer. He was an ardent opponent of art education for his son. And the young artist has to constantly struggle with the demands of his influential father, which forces him to leave home.

The study of painting in the academic style and the manner of romanticism (fashionable at that time) did not attract Edward. He constantly studies the works and creativity of past artists, visits many museums and travels a lot (Italy, Venice, Florence, Holland, Dresden, Prague, Vienna). One of the artists who had the greatest influence on Manet was Velazquez.

He embodies the accumulated knowledge and vision in his works. Edward persistently strives for recognition in Paris, but his early works are rejected by critics. The rejection of works competing for participation in the Paris Salon forced Manet to hold an exhibition called “The Salon of the Rejected.” The artist had high hopes for recognition of his painting “Breakfast on the Grass,” but it was criticized and caused laughter among visitors to the salon. But the painting attracted the greatest attention and became a symbol of the 1863 Salon of Rejects. Manet achieves fame, albeit scandalous.

Manet's innovative painting was subject to fierce attacks from critics who considered the artist a rebel in art. Using and reinterpreting the subjects and motifs of the paintings of the old masters, Manet sought to fill them with a sharp modern sound, polemically introducing modern man into the famous classical compositions ("Luncheon on the Grass", 1863).

At the end of the 1860s. Manet became close to E. Degas, C. Monet, O. Renoir and switched to plein air painting; dull and dense tones with a predominance of dark colors were replaced by lighter and freer painting (“In the Boat”, 1874). The main theme of Manet's works is scenes of Parisian life ("Nana", 1877; "In the Tavern of Father Lathuile", 1879). His most significant and profound work, Bar “Folies-Bergere” (1881-1882), shows the illusory and illusory nature of happiness amid sparkling, festive fun. Manet addressed a wide variety of topics, painted portraits, still lifes and landscapes, and acted as a draftsman, master of lithography and etching. Manet's work breathed new life into French art of the 19th century and largely determined the main paths of further artistic quests in painting.

Since 1881 he was ill with ataxia - a lack of coordination of movements. The artist’s further life is associated with the constant development of the disease. On April 19, 1883, his left leg was amputated, and 11 days later he died in terrible agony.

Paintings by Edouard Manet:

“You have to be a contemporary and paint what you see,” said Edouard Manet in his youth and never deviated from this. When creating his images, he used motifs drawn from the old masters: this was the artist’s method of establishing modern man in art. Creative biography and interesting facts about Edouard Manet.

in the photo: fragment of a portrait of Edouard Manet, artist Henri Fantin-Latour

Edouard Manet: early years and painting

Edouard Manet born on January 23, 1832 in Paris, in the family of Auguste Manet, an official in the Ministry of Justice, and Eugenie-Désiré Fournier, the daughter of a diplomat. His parents hoped that their son would receive a prestigious legal education and make a brilliant career as a government official. In 1839 Edouard Manet was sent to the boarding school of Abbot Poilou, and in 1844-1848 he studied at the Rollin College. With father's consent Manet even intends to become a sailor. And, despite the fact that he failed twice at the competition in Borda, he still managed to take a cruise to Rio de Janeiro as a cabin boy. But, in the end, the craving for creativity won.

For six years (1850-1856) Edouard Manet studied painting in the studio of the then famous historical artist Thomas Couture. However, in these pursuits a strong antagonism immediately appeared: it was difficult to find something more incompatible than the desire Manet to living art and the academic “historicism” of Couture. But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. It was in the workshop of Couture, who required his students to study the old masters, Manet discovered the classical heritage.

Leaving the routine of the Couture school, the 24-year-old Manet actively engaged in self-education and regularly visited the Louvre. Later he traveled to museums in Italy, Germany, Austria, Holland, Spain, where, like any novice artist, he copied the works of the great masters - Titian, Velazquez and Rembrandt.

"Absinthe Lover"

In 1859 Edouard Manet Together with friends, I tried to exhibit my works at the Salon, which was then held every two years. But his painting “The Absinthe Lover” (1859) was rejected. By the way, this work was created not without the influence of friendship with the poet Charles Baudelaire and was probably an illustration for his collection “Flowers of Evil.”

"Breakfast on the Grass"

The first successful film Edouard Manet became “Breakfast on the Grass” (1862). This is what he said about her Manet to his friend, journalist A. Proust:

“When I was in the studio, I copied Giorgione, a naked woman with musicians. But with me everything will be different - I will move the stage into the air, surround it with a transparent atmosphere, and people will be the way we see them today.”

This is very important, because it was the artist’s open appeal to old painting that emphasized the novelty of his style.

Edouard Manet, “Breakfast on the Grass”, 1862

The painting “Lunch on the Grass” depicts Parisians of the 60s of the 19th century, casually sitting in the place of classical heroes. The bold and spontaneous gaze of the nude woman (the artist painted her from his favorite model, Quiz Meran) is directed directly at the viewer. The work shows characteristic features of Manet tendencies: the desire to instantly capture what is seen and, at the same time, to a static style of writing. If the landscape is painted with light, swift strokes, then the figures and still life are presented in more concentrated and contrasting colors. But this work Manet was rejected by the Salon and exhibited in the so-called “Salon of the Rejected”. This was the beginning of an insoluble conflict. Edouard Manet with official art.

"Olympia"

The conflict worsened with the appearance of the next work Manet- the famous “Olympia”, which also became a kind of slap in the face to public taste. In it, the artist also modernized classical motifs (Titian’s “Venus of Urbino” served as the prototype). Instead of Venus Manet depicted “a naked woman on an untidy bed and next to her a black woman with a bouquet of flowers and a black cat with an arched back.” There is no obvious connection between the characters, but their combination gives rise to ambiguous associations. Quiz Meran also served as a model for Olympia.

The painting was accepted into the Salon and shocked the public. Crowds of people gathered near her, some tried to pierce her with umbrellas, and the guards were forced to call everyone to order. The novelty of these two paintings attracted criticism from all sides. But Emile Zola, Victor Hugo and Charles Baudelaire turned out to be more insightful - they took sides Edouard Manet. Zola actively defended Manet in press:

"Since no one is talking about this, I will speak. And I will shout about it from the rooftops. I am so convinced that Mr. Manet- the artist of tomorrow, that if I were rich, I would buy all his canvases today, and this would be the most profitable investment. Mister's place Manet- in the Louvre, like Courbet, like any artist endowed with strong, uncompromising talent."

Edouard Manet, "Head of a Dog"

Curiously wrote about Eduard Manet A. Proust:

"Eye Manet was endowed with amazing vigilance, Paris did not know a flâneur who would extract so many observations from his walks around the city.”

Manet painted Parisian streets and cafes, horse races, sea scenes, naked women at the toilet, portraits and still lifes. It was this desire to ennoble the surrounding reality itself that attracted Manet young innovators, who soon became known as “Impressionists”. The place where artists of the new movement gathered was the cafe “Gerbois” in the Batignolles quarter, from where the first name of the group came - “Batignolles”. But, although Edouard Manet contributed greatly to the emergence of impressionism; he himself did not merge with this movement. A kind of result of impressionistic searches and all creativity Manet becomes his work “Bar at the Folies Bergere” (1882).

Portraits, reports, battle scenes

In the 1860s Manet created mainly portraits of his contemporaries. These figures are amazing in their simplicity of movements and poses, captured with quick and decisive strokes. They reveal the subtlest psychologism, the artist’s insight and observation, and the ability to convey the character of the hero in a few strokes.

Edouard Manet, “Nana”, 1877

If an interesting event happened somewhere, Manet went there and recorded it, like a photo reporter. He was the only impressionist to paint battle scenes. An example is the work “The Battle of the Kearsage and the Alabama” (1864), written on the high seas, depicting the North American corvette Kearsage and the privateer Alabama helping the southerners.

In 1874, when his impressionist friends decided to exhibit together, Manet moved away from them, leaving the place of the head of the movement behind Claude Monet.

In the later period of his creativity Edouard Manet finally moved away from impressionism and returned to his previous style. In the mid-1870s, he enthusiastically worked in pastels (“Woman Tying up a Stocking”, 1880).

Edouard Manet, “Woman tying up a stocking”, 1880

Official recognition Edouard Manet received in 1882, when he was awarded the Legion of Honor, the main award of France. A large exhibition of his works was held in 1983 in Paris (Grand Palais) and New York (Metropolitan Museum).

April 30, 1883, after surgery Edouard Manet died at the age of 52 years.

Although Manet He regularly cheated on his wife, he was an excellent husband for Suzanne, his first lover, and had the most tender feelings for her. A gentleman's agreement was concluded between the spouses: she did not keep him in line, and he faithfully returned home every evening to his role as a big bourgeois, the father of a family, where he received friends of a completely different kind than in the workshop: respectable music lovers with an impeccable reputation.

“You have to be contemporary and write what you see”, - said Edouard Manet in my youth and never deviated from this. When creating his images, the artist used motifs drawn from the old masters: this was the artist’s method of establishing modern man in art.

Edouard Manet 1832-1883

French artist, one of the founders of impressionism. Biography and paintings.

The judge of the Seine department, Auguste Manet, did not think or guess that his first-born, the pride of his father, Edward would not want to continue the family business, preferring the dubious business of an artist with uncertain prospects to a respected profession. But it was Edouard Manet who would be destined to become one of the founders of impressionism, to create a completely new aesthetic value scale, thus changing world fine art.

Against family towards beauty

A decisive role in the fate of Edouard Manet was played by his uncle Fournier - it was he who supported the young man who stupidly studied in the best institutions of Paris, but came to life and blossomed when it came to art. Uncle and nephew spent a lot of time in the halls of the Louvre, getting acquainted with the work of outstanding predecessors. It was Fournier, turning a blind eye to his own father’s protests, who began to pay for Edward’s painting lessons.

Quarrels with his father ended with a compromise - Mana was asked to choose any profession except the artistic field. The young man chose maritime affairs. It is unlikely that the stern Auguste would have guessed that this choice would push his son even more into the arms of art - the first and only cruise led him to only one thought: I will be an artist, period.

Manet began studying painting in 1850. Already at first, the talented and rebellious inside of the young man made itself felt. Lessons from the famous academic painter Thomas Couture did not bring creative satisfaction, and Manet learned a lot on his own, traveling around Europe and copying the works of prominent masters. The first works outlined the first innovations, mainly related to the contour. In the works “Boy with Cherries” and “Absinthe Drinker” you can see how cleverly Manet improvises with the contour line, deliberately highlighting it or completely “merging” it with the background.

Manet’s first successes were associated with the paintings “Portrait of Parents,” where the author showed a filigree play of light and shades, and “Gitarrero,” a lively, energetic painting written under the influence of a concert by guitarist Huerta. Both works were accepted into the Salon.

In 1862, Manet, under the influence of Baudelaire's philosophy, created his first major work - "Music in the Tuileries", the purpose of which was an attempt to bring to life the art of music - such sounding colors, using the expressive means of fine art.

In the same year, the author became interested in painting portraits, establishing a new rule - to paint a model in just one session. Manet believed that only such fast work would allow him to capture the moment, displaying the most important thing. Manet's portraits were received with great enthusiasm by the public.

A controversial author with a great legacy

In all of Manet’s work, stands apart are paintings that were harshly criticized at one time - their plot and execution were so frank, however, it is precisely because of this that works, incomprehensible to contemporaries, are today considered true masterpieces that have introduced a new word into world art. Such paintings include “Lunch on the Grass,” where imposing gentlemen are in the company of naked maidens, “Olympia,” whose frankness irritated the public so much that the organizers of the exhibition had to hang the painting as high as possible, fearing that it would be pierced in indignation with a cane or umbrella . This was a difficult period for the painter, ridiculed, he decided to leave for Spain, where the wonderful “Bullfight in Madrid” and “Fluteist” were created.

But times were changing, and creative intelligentsia began to gather around the brave artist with an unusual style of painting, striving to overthrow the old principles, thereby expanding the scope of artistic art. Morisot, Degas, Monet, Renoir, Degas, Basil, Cézanne, Pissarro, Zola and a number of other writers formed the “Batignolles School” around Manet, choosing the Guerbois cafe as a place of meetings and discussions, where this unusual company was simply called “Manet’s gang.” .

After the Salon increasingly refused to accept paintings by Manet and his associates even for consideration, the artist decided to build his own pavilion. The personal exhibition did not bring the author the expected success, but did not break him at all - after the failure, he created the most striking paintings “Balcony”, “Execution of Emperor Maximilian”, “Breakfast in the Studio”.

Inspirer of impressionism and impressionists.

For 10 years, from 1870 to 1880. Manet was considered the inspiration of the Impressionists, although the work of Manet himself was much broader and more multifaceted. In 1872, the artist finally achieved success - his painting “A Mug of Beer” was not only received with admiration by viewers and praised by critics, but was also reproduced in reproductions, which quickly sold out.

The year 1874 was marked by a most curious union - Monet and Manet went to Argenteuil in the summer to look for new subjects and experiment with techniques. “Claude Monet in a Boat”, “Argenteuil”, “Bank of the Seine near Argenteuil”, “In a Boat” were created here. When the colorful paintings were accepted by the Salon, Manet again felt the full severity of ridicule - the works were criticized for the brightness and uncertainty of the plot. And again Manet escapes from evil tongues and ridicule, this time to Venice, which also inspired the artist to a number of wonderful poetic works.

In the last years of his life, Manet worked a lot, overcoming his malaise - ataxia destroyed him from the inside, leading to lack of coordination of movement and brain death. But even during this period, Manet did not become despondent; his craft saved him. The most significant painting of this period is “Bar at Folies-Berjard”.

Optimism never left Manet: he could no longer go to see friends - but he received them in his studio; large canvases were hard to come by - he set to work on miniatures, constantly convincing himself that his health was normal.

In 1883, Manet passed away, but his wonderful works remained, as a reflection of his deep and vibrant inner world, and his biography can rightfully be considered an example of selfless service to art, faith in one’s own strength, and enormous courage with which the author faced all critical attacks , and a fatal disease.

This artist was one of the founding fathers of impressionism. That is why the two artists Monet and Manet are often confused. They both worked in this direction and their work is almost similar, but there is still a difference. Claude Monet lived longer, and the longer he lived, the more his style, or rather the colors on canvas, changed. But Edouard Manet was less fortunate in terms of life years. After Renoir, this is perhaps the most long-suffering artist. And the point here is not at all about creativity, but about something completely different - the state of health. And again the associations - both Manet and Renoir had rheumatism, attacks of which led both to death.

But let’s return from comparisons to the life path of Edouard Manet. As an artist he was magnificent. His works delighted, and still delight, many fans of impressionism and ordinary amateurs. So, first of all, Edouard Manet was a representative of a fairly wealthy family and therefore could live in peace. Moreover, his father predicted a job as a lawyer for him, but... the boy only wanted to draw. My father was not categorically against it, but he was still not happy about it. But Uncle Manet was not at all against his nephew’s hobby and often took him to the Louvre. It was there that young Manet realized that his destiny was to be an artist. It was my uncle who paid for attending a course of lectures on painting, but the future brilliant artist found it boring there. And it’s true: constantly drawing plaster figures is boring and not interesting, but portraying your classmates is much more interesting. This is what he did, and soon all his comrades “in misfortune” began to do the same. But Eduard did not quarrel with his father, and therefore he took it and tried to enter the maritime academy, but failed the exam. True, he was allowed to take the exam again, but to do this he went on a sailboat to Brazil. But he didn’t just sit there either; when he returned from the trip, in his luggage there were a lot of studies and sketches, portraits of sailors and Brazilian women. He also wrote a lot of letters to his family, where he shared his impressions of what he saw. Of course, upon arrival, Manet once again tried to enter the Naval Academy, but his father saw the drawings and... gave up. He advised his son to enter the School of Fine Arts in Paris. But Mane did not do this, thinking that he would succeed in the same way as with the maritime academy. But I went to Couture’s workshop. But he didn’t stay there either - everything was too academic.

Then in his life there was a long journey through Central Europe. There he often visited famous museums in Vienna, Dresden, and Prague. And even later there was a struggle for recognition. For example, at that time it was necessary to establish yourself in some kind of Salon. He tried it and at first it worked quite well. But one day he exhibited his canvas called “Olympia” and as a result, he was no longer taken seriously. He was insulted, he was called a pervert, and the painting was generally considered extremely vulgar.

And even further - darkness began. He became seriously ill, and it simply drove him crazy. It was difficult to move, rheumatism did not subside and made me feel disgusting. He worked through pain, suffered, but worked. And it was precisely during this period that public recognition returned to him. And this was just when he received the Legion of Honor, and this happened just when he was deprived of one of his legs. Eleven days later he was gone.

His paintings are his life. He created for people and tried to establish the greatness of beauty with his creativity. And it seems that he succeeded, because we remember his paintings, study his biography and highly, in the true sense of the word, appreciate his works. Alas, during their lifetime they paid very little for Impressionist paintings, but after... Now these paintings are among the ten most expensive paintings.

Alexey Vasin

Throughout his life, the paintings of the founder of impressionism, Edouard Manet, who freed painting from the shackles of academic standards, were criticized. The engraver's contemporaries, bogged down in the rigidity and conservatism of generally accepted norms, admired works written in accordance with artistic canons, condemning those who tried to bring something new to art.

Due to the fact that the public for a long time did not understand and did not accept the works that reflected the artist’s personal worldview, the first official exhibition of the community, which, in addition to Manet, included the well-known Camille Pissarro, Pierre Renoir, Frédéric Bazille and, was marked by failure.

Childhood and youth

On January 23, 1832, in Paris, the head of the Ministry of Justice, Auguste Manet, and his wife Eugenie-Désiré Fournier, the daughter of a diplomat, had a son, who was named Edouard. The impressionist's parents hoped that their beloved child would receive a prestigious legal education and make a brilliant career as a government official.

In 1839, they sent their son to the boarding house of Abbot Poilou. Due to absolute indifference to studies, Auguste transferred the heir to Rollin College, where he studied from 1844 to 1848. Despite Manet’s great desire to become a painter, his father was against his son, breaking family tradition, choosing creative self-realization over a stable job.

It is not known what the fate of the impressionist would have been like if his mother’s brother Edmond-Edouard Fournier, who saw in Edward a craving for art, had not paid for his nephew to attend a course of lectures on painting, which the boy attended after school.

Due to academic standards, which unimaginative teachers considered the basis of the artist’s artistic identity, drawing lessons did not arouse the expected interest in Manet. He preferred painting portraits of his comrades to copying plaster sculptures.

Realizing that his son, even under pain of death, would not connect his life with the routine of public service, Auguste chose the lesser of two evils, allowing his son to take up sailing. In December 1848, Edward boarded the ship as a cabin boy. A trip across the Atlantic and a stay in Rio de Janeiro turned his world upside down.

Born under the smoky sky of Paris and brought up in a bourgeois environment, the guy discovered the beauty of sunny spaces and the radiance of colors of the reality around him. Manet realized that he wanted to perfectly master the skill of transferring what he saw in real life onto canvas. When the ambitious young man walked down the ramp to the French shore on June 13, 1849, his travel suitcase was stuffed with pencil sketches.

After the cruise, from 1850 to 1856, he studied painting in the studio of the then popular artist Thomas Couture. However, strong antagonism immediately appeared in these activities: it is difficult to find something more incompatible than Manet’s desire for living art and Couture’s worship of the genre and stylistic canons of drawing.

The only plus was that it was in the workshop of Tom, who required his students to study the old masters, that the creator of the painting “Lola from Valencia” discovered the classical heritage. Leaving the routine of art school, 24-year-old Edward began self-education. In addition to regularly visiting the Louvre, he often traveled to museums in Italy, Germany, Austria, Holland, Spain, after visiting which, like any novice artist, he copied the works of great masters -, and.

Painting

At the very beginning of his creative career, every artist who wanted to gain popularity had to exhibit at the official exhibition of the Paris Academy of Fine Arts. Manet submitted his paintings to the jury many times, but they were too conservative to exhibit his work.

In 1859, together with his friends, he tried to exhibit his paintings at the biennial Salon. Then his creation “The Absinthe Lover” was rejected. However, in 1861, critics favorably received two other works by Edward - “Portrait of Parents” and “Guitarero”.

In the early 60s, Manet’s works were dominated by maritime and Spanish motifs (“Lola from Valencia”, “Quirsaja”, “Spanish Ballet”, “Alabamas”), plein air scenes (“Running at Long Chan”), and themes of modern history ( “Execution of Emperor Maximilian”), as well as religious subjects (“Dead Christ”).

In 1863, Emperor Louis Napoleon ordered that the rejected works of the official Salon be exhibited at the nearby Palace of Industry. This parallel exhibition was called “The Salon of the Rejected.” The real center of attraction was Edward’s painting “Breakfast on the Grass.”

This was followed by Olympia, in which the model Victorine Meran was depicted naked on a bed.

In the next decade, Manet showed his colleagues a brilliant example of creative energy. He painted portraits, floral still lifes and horse racing scenes. If an important event took place somewhere, he would go there and portray it.

In the 70s, the painter created his brightest works: “Railway”, “In a Boat” and “Argenteuil”. A reflection of his difficult thoughts inspired by illness is the painting “Suicide” painted in 1881.

Personal life

In 1849, Suzanne appeared in the artist’s life. The woman with whom the painter fell in love at first sight worked as a teacher and taught piano to the younger brothers of the author of the painting “Nana” - Eugene (1833–1892) and Gustave (1835–1884).

In January 1852, Suzanne gave birth to a son, who was named Leon. It is noteworthy that paternity was attributed not to Manet, but to a certain Coell. Edward became the newborn's godfather. Biographers studying the life and work of the famous impressionist, to this day cannot give an exact answer about the relationship between Leon and Edward.

There are two official theories on this matter: the first says that the boy’s real father was Auguste Manet, who had his eye on the twenty-year-old teacher from the moment she appeared in their house. Supporters of the second version suggest that Leon is the son of Edward, whom the painter, who was afraid of condemnation and censure, did not want to recognize.

It is noteworthy that the portrait painter did not make his relationship with Suzanne public until the wedding. During the secret affair, the engraver added a couple of names to his amorous piggy bank.

It is known that the artist had an affair with his model Victorine Meran. The girl captivated the painter with her natural beauty and the fact that, thanks to her natural artistry, she easily changed images. Their love story ended when Victorina became addicted to alcohol, and not a trace remained of her former charm.

11 years after Leon’s birth, on October 28, 1863, the impressionist married Suzanne. After the wedding ceremony took place, the young lady began to live with her husband, his mother and son under one roof.

It is known that Maner regularly cheated on his wife, who, by the way, was aware of his frequent affairs. Even before the wedding, the lovers entered into an unspoken agreement among themselves: Suzanne did not throw hysterics at her chosen one about his affairs, and Edward, in turn, did not stay overnight with his mistresses and returned home every evening, continuing to play the role of a faithful husband and loving father.

In 1868, in the Louvre, the creator of the masterpieces Olympia and Luncheon on the Grass met the artist Berthe Morisot. Impressed by the woman’s original beauty, at the first meeting he persuaded her to pose.

In total, Edward painted at least 10 portraits of Bertha (“Balcony”, “Rest. Portrait of Berthe Morisot”, “Portrait of Berthe Morisot with a bouquet of violets”, “Berthe Morisot with a fan”). Despite their mutual attraction, there could be nothing but friendship between them. At the time of their meeting, Manet was already tied by marriage. Bertha could only make sarcastic remarks towards the artist’s wife and be content with the passion they shared with Edward for painting.

Death

In 1879, Manet began to develop serious signs of ataxia, a disease in which coordination of movements is impaired due to brain damage. Edward received official recognition a year before his death. In 1882, the painter completed one of the most significant works in European painting of the 70s and 80s of the last century - “Bar at the Folies Bergere”, for which he was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor.

Manet died eleven days after amputation of his gangrene leg on April 30, 1883. The grave of the creator of the painting, written under the influence of Frans Hals and Diego Velazquez, “Music in the Tuileries”, is located in the Passy cemetery in Paris.

In addition to relatives, the impressionist’s friends, Edgar Degas and Pierre Renoir, were present at the farewell ceremony.

Works

• 1859 – “Boy with Cherries”
• 1864 – “Racing at Longchamp”
• 1864 – “Cut white peonies and pruning shears”
• 1867 – “Olympia”
• 1868 – “Execution of Emperor Maximilian”
• 1869 – “Balcony”
• 1874 – “Argenteuil”
• 1874 – “Bank of the Seine near Argenteuil”
• 1877 – “Suicide”
• 1878 – “Reichshoffen Cabaret”
• 1880 – “At the Café Chantan”
• 1882 – “Bar at the Folies Bergere”
• 1881 – “Spring”
• 1882 – “Portrait of Madame Michel-Levy”
• 1883 – “Bouquet of Lilacs”