Pictures of front-line life in A.T. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” (abstract).
Poem by A. T. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”. A. T. Tvardovsky was drafted into the army in 1939 and took off his military uniform only after the end of the Great Patriotic War. Knowledge of everyday life at the front (the poet was a war correspondent) resulted in collective image Russian soldier - Vasily Terkin, a cheerful joker who does not lose heart under any circumstances. The author wrote about the poem: “Whatever its actual literary significance, for me she was true happiness. She gave me a sense of the legitimacy of the artist’s place in the great struggle of the people, a sense of the obvious usefulness of my work... “Terkin” was for me in the relationship between the writer and his reader, my lyrics, my journalism, song and teaching. An anecdote and a saying, a heart-to-heart conversation and a remark to the occasion.”
Genre originality of the poem “Vasily Terkin”. The author himself indicated genre originality the poem is a “book about a fighter,” emphasizing the authenticity of what is depicted. The work was created gradually throughout the war, which gave the poem the character of a poetic chronicle of events. Permanent lyrical digressions and the author’s addresses to the reader expand the space of the “book” and create the effect of involvement in events. Representing in “Vasily Terkin” the fate of a simple Russian soldier, the poet could not help but depict, along with front-line paintings, the life of the rear in these terrible years.
Front in the poem. The front appears in the poem without embellishment, with all the hardships and deprivations that befall the soldiers. Here, “At a Rest,” simple human joys begin to be especially appreciated: cold water when you are thirsty, simple food, when hunger strikes, an opportunity for a soldier to sleep:
He sleeps - even if he’s hungry, even if he’s full,
At least one, at least in a heap.
To sleep for the previous lack of sleep,
Learned to sleep in reserve.
Terrible pictures of war, terrifying in scale, appear in the chapter “Crossing”, where the threefold repetition of “to the bottom” enhances the tragedy of the sound:
And I saw you for the first time,
It will not be forgotten:
People are warm, alive, They went to the bottom, to the bottom, to the bottom...
But behind these painful pictures one can see faith in victory, because... Terkin did not die, a simple soldier lives, and the chapter “Crossing” ends with a feeling of deep patriotism:
The battle is holy and just.
Mortal combat is not for glory,
For the sake of life on earth.
You need to forget your fear and pain, because the future of the Motherland depends on each of those at the front or in the rear:
Forget yourself in war,
Remember the honor, however,
Get to work - chest to chest,
A fight means a fight.
And in this child, in the dirt and blood, that unity of souls was born, that friendship that saved many lives. Unfamiliar soldiers sheltered each other, warmed each other with their breath, not hoping to see each other someday later.
The rear in the poem. The author of “Vasily Terkin” includes a description of the rear in the poem, confirming the idea that victory consists of joint efforts: those who saved soldiers from cold and hunger, those who worked in factories and produced weapons, “fought” no less. And how the soldiers needed the support of their wives and loved ones who remained at home, where there were plenty of problems and troubles:
Take out the letter again,
Read it first.
Let it be semi-dark in the dugout.
Come on, where did she write that letter?
What kind of light did you sit in this time?
Were you asleep at this hour?
Perhaps the children were in the way.
Maybe I had a bad headache, not for the first time,
Because, brother, wood doesn’t burn when it’s wet?..
The woman returning to her homeland in the chapter “On the Road to Berlin” becomes a collective image of all mothers, which is why the soldiers take such warm care of her:
Mother of the holy eternal power,
From unknown mothers,
That in labor they are unwearable And in any misfortune;
That fate, repeated on earth a hundred times in a row,
And they grow up in sleepless love,
And they lose us, soldiers;
And they live without folding their arms,
They won't close their eyes.
If we still need, perhaps,
Grandchildren instead of sons.
I dreamed of a real miracle:
So that from my invention During the war it might be warmer for the people living,
So that the fighter’s chest warms with unexpected joy,
Like from that tattered accordion,
“Vasily Terkin” is the best of all,
Written about war in war.
And to write the way this is written,
None of us have it.
K. Simonov
The Great Patriotic War. Terrible, difficult, destructive for everyone. She brings with her only death and nothing but death. How many crippled, broken lives! How many failed happinesses, how many unborn children, how many tears of mothers, fathers, widows, orphans were shed! Thousands, tens and hundreds of thousands of lives are cut short, dreams, hopes and plans are destroyed. All that remains is cruelty, violence and death. The war required millions of casualties and brought agony and suffering to every family and every person. But love for the Fatherland in this difficult time took on a different face, it turned into hatred for the enemy, for the invader, and doubled, uniting everyone who could stand up to defend the country.
On the eve of the 70th anniversary of the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War The choice of topic for this work is relevant. We must not forget all the horrors of war, and most importantly, the great feat that our grandfathers and great-grandfathers accomplished for the sake of saving the country, for the sake of our bright future. Among the many works written about the war, A. T. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” occupies a special place.
The writer’s reflection of the war in the poem is unique, fascinating, and unusual. This poem is not only about the Great Patriotic War, but also about the Motherland, about love for the Motherland, about soldiers, about all those who knew and know about the war firsthand. The poem “Vasily Terkin” is full of optimism and imbued with faith in victory over fascism.
The purpose of this work: to examine the paintings front-line life in the poem “Vasily Terkin” by A. T. Tvardovsky.
To address the topic, the following tasks were set:
1) Study and briefly highlight the creative path of A.T. Tvardovsky;
2) Consider the ideological and artistic originality of the poem “Vasily Terkin”;
3) Determine the role of pictures of soldiers’ front-line life in the narrative.
PICTURES OF FRONTLINE LIFE IN A. T. TVARDOVSKY’S POEM “VASILY TERKIN”
The main place in the literature of the Great Patriotic War period is occupied by the image of the Soviet soldier. Hundreds of books are dedicated to the man who survived the battles near Moscow and on the Volga, who won the Kursk Bulge and on the Dnieper. In heroic deeds and front-line everyday life of the war, courageous and noble character person - a Russian soldier.
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was always interested in the fate of his country in turning points stories. And, of course, during the Great Patriotic War, when the fate of the people was being decided, the writer could not stand aside.
“The depth of the national historical feat in the Patriotic War,” the poet noted, “from the first day distinguished it from any other wars and ... military campaigns,” and therefore he believed that his place was in the ranks, on the front line, “where they do the most important thing."
A.T. During the Great Patriotic War, Tvardovsky became an exponent of the spirit of soldiers, common people. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, the poet was in the ranks Soviet army. He spent the entire war at the front, writing a large number of lyrical, epic, propaganda and satirical poems for Red Army newspapers.
In 1941, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the poet began work on the poem “Vasily Terkin”. It became a soldier's poem. Many years have passed since that tragic and heroic time, but “Vasily Terkin” is still read with the same interest, because this work reflects the great feat of our people, who defeated German fascism. Such a poem could only be born in the poet’s heart during a war in which the author was a participant.
Knowledge of everyday life at the front (the poet was a war correspondent) resulted in a collective image of the Russian soldier - Vasily Terkin, a cheerful joker who did not lose heart under any circumstances. The author wrote about the poem: “Whatever its actual literary significance, for me it was true happiness. She gave me a sense of the legitimacy of the artist’s place in the great struggle of the people, a sense of the obvious usefulness of my work... “Terkin” was for me in the relationship between the writer and his reader, my lyrics, my journalism, song and teaching. An anecdote and a saying, a heart-to-heart conversation and a remark to the occasion.”
The poem shows the main stages of the Great Patriotic War and describes the combat life of Soviet soldiers. This book conveys feelings and provides a deep philosophical understanding of the main human concepts - life and death, war and peace, homeland, honor, justice, friendship and love.
The poem "Vasily Terkin" helps people survive scary time, believe in your strength, because it was created in the war, chapter by chapter.
The poem consists of 25 internally complete chapters: “On vacation,” “Before the battle,” “Terkin is wounded,” “Two soldiers,” etc. “A certain chronicle is not a chronicle, a chronicle is not a chronicle,” he said about his poem Tvardovsky. The author himself outlined the genre uniqueness of the poem - “a book about a fighter,” emphasizing the authenticity of what is depicted.
The Big Picture war appears in the reader’s mind, created from small scenes, episodes, details. A soldier's everyday life and a soldier's leisure time - all this has a place in the poem.
Of course, the poem “Vasily Terkin” was written about the war, but the main thing for Alexander Tvardovsky was to show the reader how to live in times of difficult trials. That's why main character his poem, Vasya Terkin, dances, plays musical instrument, preparing dinner, joking. The hero lives in war, and for the writer this is very important, since in order to survive, any person needs to love life very much.
The poet painted impressive pictures of the war years. In war, “you can live without food for a day, or more,” and all these hardships must be endured patiently and with dignity. And every day you need to be prepared for death.
Truth that hits right into the soul,
If only it were thicker
No matter how bitter it may be.
The main character of this book is a warrior people.
Another idea - national unity- the most important thing in the poem:
And trustingly at the sign,
Hurrying after a friend,
They rushed to attack
Forty souls - one soul...
Important point poem, in my opinion, is that the poet reflected the opposition to fascism of all the peoples inhabiting Russia, then still part of Soviet Union. The unity of all nations and nationalities helped defeat a strong enemy. Everyone understood that their continued existence on earth depended on victory. Hitler wanted to destroy entire nations. Tvardovsky’s hero said this in simple, memorable words:
The battle is holy and just.
Mortal combat is not for glory,
For the sake of life on earth...
Tvardovsky’s poem was precisely an expression of the unity of the national spirit. The poet specifically chose for the poem the simplest vernacular. He did this so that his words and thoughts would reach every compatriot. When, for example, Vasily Terkin told his fellow soldiers that
Russia, old mother,
There is no way we can lose.
Our grandfathers, our children,
Our grandchildren do not order.
These words could be repeated with him by a Ural steelworker, a peasant from Siberia, a Belarusian partisan, and a scientist from Moscow.
In the first chapters, a picture emerges of the first months of the war: retreat, captivity, injuries and deaths of soldiers remaining in the occupation of the village. The beginning coincides with the most difficult and tragic time - the period of retreat.
About the bitter days of retreat Terkin - main character– says in the chapter “Before the battle”:
Our brother walked, thin, hungry,
Lost connection and part,
He walked by company and platoon,
And free company
And one, like a finger, sometimes.
…They walked thin, they walked barefoot
To unknown lands.
What is it, where is it, Russia?
What is your line?
In this great national sadness of retreat, the firmness of the Russian character, the unshakable confidence that:
The time will come, we'll come back,
We will return everything that we gave.
Another one bright picture created by the poet in the chapter “Before the Battle.” The commander’s native village appears on the fighters’ route, and his heart sank with melancholy. Sneak in native home he has to “along the wall” because there is war and Germans all around.
Ran in, took a quick nap,
Catch up with the war again...
This is how Tvardovsky describes this short stay. The fighter has no time to enjoy the joy of a short meeting, and for his wife this holiday is “bitter, sad,” because miserable hours, even minutes, are allotted to her for a meeting with the closest person and, perhaps, this is their last meeting. It is bitter for the commander to leave his home, because “maybe today the Germans will enter this hut with guns.”
In his poem, the author depicts not at all favorable circumstances. The only way out in war is to accept them without falling into despair. A few expressive lines describe these circumstances. You feel the heaviness of a wet overcoat, the cold coming from the heavenly roof, the scratching of pine needles across your face, the hard bumps of the night. But in this ability to adapt to incredible difficult conditions the special physical and spiritual strength of the Russian person is manifested, simple soldier.
A.T. Tvardovsky depicts many tragic episodes of the war, for example, in the chapter “Crossing”, where he wonderfully manages to convey the growing anxiety and tension of events - the unsuccessful attempt to cross. The tragedy of what is happening is emphasized by the landscape - the color black (the color of mourning) is mentioned twice: the forest turns black, the water is black; a comparison is used: “The right bank is like a wall...”, the epithet “a trail of blood” and, finally, repetitions enhance the tragedy of what is happening: “Warm, living people went to the bottom, to the bottom, to the bottom...” This is a sad story about how “ the crossing failed." It is worth noting that in this chapter the words “Crossing, crossing” are repeated four times, and they are accompanied by different signs punctuation and different words. This repetition enhances the feeling of the tragedy of the situation, divides the chapter into semantic fragments, leading to a climax.
Crossing, crossing!
Left bank, right bank.
The snow is rough, the edge of ice...
To whom is memory, to whom is glory,
To whom dark water, –
No sign, no trace.
The drama of the action intensifies when the author shows the death of people:
And I saw you for the first time,
It will not be forgotten:
People are warm and alive
We went to the bottom, to the bottom, to the bottom...
“There is confusion under fire”, artillery shelling, exploding shells - the situation in which events take place is conveyed by the poet in such a way that this appears before the eyes scary picture war, depicted truthfully and honestly.
Danger awaits them at any moment, because each of them could die.
Past their swirling temples,
Near their boyish eyes
Death whistled often in battle
And will there be a blowjob this time?
All these guys, not excluding Terkin himself, - simple people, and they are shown in the most everyday circumstances. The author specifically avoids describing heroic moments, because from his own experience he knows: war is hard work. In his case, “the infantry is dozing, huddled, with their hands in their sleeves” or “a rare rain is falling, an angry cough is tormenting the chest. Not a scrap of native newspaper—to wrap a goat’s leg.” The fighters' conversations are not at all about “high” topics - for example, about the advantage of a boot over a felt boot.
the main idea Chapter “Crossing” is that the path to victory is very far and lies through a bloody crossing, through cruel trials in which many will die.
They go the hard way.
Same as two hundred years ago
Walked with a flintlock gun
Russian toiler-soldier...
Crossing, crossing...
The guns fire in the pitch darkness.
The battle is holy and just.
Mortal combat is not for glory -
For the sake of life on earth...
The above verses indicate that memory and military glory always have their downside - oblivion, when thousands of living people sink into the black water without signs or traces. Thinking about the victorious heroes, hung with awards, we must not forget about those unknown soldiers who disappeared without a trace in a fierce battle. This battle is not fought for the sake of glory, not for the sake of admiration of descendants for the courage of the warriors; the price of battle is much higher - this is generally life on earth, the most sacred goal that can be. And the soldiers themselves are not at all epic heroes, but ordinary people, “workers”, who from time immemorial defended their homeland when there was a need for it. The very definition of “hard-working soldier” suggests that our soldiers treat the war as difficult, but necessary work, without trying to poeticize or elevate it in any way. On the contrary, the war is prosaic, full of hard life and bloody moments, which have also become familiar.
The fate of an ordinary soldier, one of those who bore the brunt of the war on their shoulders, becomes the personification of national fortitude and the will to live. Terkin swims across the icy river twice to restore contact with the advancing units.
The crossing is a difficult test of strength, endurance, and courage. The symbols of this test are the roar of water, and dry ice, and an alien night, and an inaccessible forest, “the right bank is like a wall.” All these images natural world turn out to be hostile towards humans. A.T. Tvardovsky in the poem does not embellish reality, does not hide victims and failures, but depicts military actions and losses in all their terrifying and tragic truth:
People are warm and alive
We went to the bottom, to the bottom, to the bottom...
The repetition enhances the depth of the tragedy experienced by the author and shows the scale of the “blood trail.” The bitterness of the losses is enhanced by the picture depicting dead faces on which the snow does not melt. Further, the author mentions that rations are still issued to the dead, and old letters written by them are sent home by mail. These details also emphasize the irreplaceability of the loss:
From Ryazan, from Kazan,
From Siberia, from Moscow -
The soldiers are sleeping.
They said theirs.
And they are forever right.
The war is depicted by Tvardovsky in blood, labor and hardship. Endless night, frost. But a bit of a soldier’s sleep, not even a dream, but a heavy oblivion, bizarrely mixed with reality. In the minds of those who remained on this left bank, pictures of the death of their comrades arise. The lines expressing thoughts about the soldiers who died at the crossing, and not only about these soldiers, sound inescapably sad.
The theme of responsibility for the fate of Russia is also developed in the next chapter, “On War.” A.T. Tvardovsky emphasizes that sacrifices during war are inevitable, but they are made for the sake of common victory, so the soldier must forget about himself for a while: the main thing is to solve the combat mission, to fulfill his duty to his homeland, to his children.
The year has struck, the turn has come,
Today we are responsible
For Russia, for the people
And for everything in the world.
They are not afraid of death, because their duty to the Motherland and the people is higher than personal:
Since there's war, forget about everything
And you have no right to blame.
Was going to long haul,
The order was given: “Resign!”
They don't need rewards; that's not what they fight for.
I don’t need, brothers, orders,
I don't need fame
But I need, my Motherland is sick,
Native side!
The poem contains descriptions of battles more than once, but the chapter “Duel” makes the most lasting impression. Terkin fights one-on-one, without weapons, with a German. In order to strengthen the difference between the two soldiers, Russian and German, the poet presents the German as a rather repulsive creature. By and large, it was not two separate soldiers who came together here, but two warring sides.
The German was strong and dexterous,
Well tailored, tightly sewn,
He stood as if on horseshoes,
Don't scare him - he won't run.
Well-fed, shaved, careful,
Fed with free goods,
At war, in a foreign land
Sleeping in the warmth.
This is a description of Nazi Germany, fully prepared for war, a strong and powerful power that mercilessly exploited the occupied territories. And then - Terkin:
You didn't know my nature
And nature is first grade.
Skin to shreds
Terkin churu
He won't ask. That's where the hell is!
Who alone is afraid of death,
Who doesn't care about a hundred deaths?
Damn you. Yes our devils
All devils
A hundred times the devil.
Terkin fights with the German fiercely and selflessly, and you especially need to pay attention to the fact that the fight takes place one on one, no one sees them. In such a situation, there is no point in showing your prowess or showing ostentatious heroism. Terkin fights because he sees this as his sacred duty:
You don’t go to death then.
For anyone to see.
Okay b. But no - well...
You need to forget your fear and pain, because the future of the Motherland depends on each of those at the front or in the rear:
Forget yourself in war,
Remember the honor, however,
Get to work - chest to chest,
A fight means a fight.
In this child, in the dirt and blood, that friendship was born that saved many lives. Unfamiliar soldiers covered each other, warmed each other with their breath, not hoping to see each other someday:
Walk through the world, you won’t find it anywhere,
I never happened to see
That friendship is holy and purer,
What happens in war.
In the chapter “General” Tvardovsky shows the unity of a simple soldier and a general. The war became a common misfortune for them; grief alone separated them from their home. War also unites families:
Nowadays the wives are all kind,
Selfless enough
Even those that for the time being
There were just witches.
Love strengthens the fighters’ desire for victory, because “the love of a wife... in war is stronger than war and, perhaps, death.”
A tragic picture the poet draws in the chapter “About an Orphan Soldier.” The hero of this episode, passing by his native places, does not recognize native village Red Bridge, does not find a home:
There is no window, no hut,
Not a housewife, even a married man,
Not a son, but there was one, guys...
The soldier cried about all this, but there was no one left to cry about him.
In his work, Tvardovsky does not describe major military battles. His attention is focused on the workdays of ordinary soldiers. In the chapter “Who Shot?” "The main character unexpectedly shoots down a German plane with a rifle:
On a canvas belt
Yes, cartridges with that head,
What is terrible about steel armor?
The battle is unequal, the battle is short.
Alien plane, with a cross,
Rocked like a boat
Scooped up by the side.
The courage of a fighter is a matter of course in war. But there is also a joke nearby that supports, encourages comrades, and increases contempt for the Germans. Sergeant Terkin reassures Sergeant Jealous of him:
Don't worry, the German has this
Not the last plane.
In a one-minute war
Can't live without a joke
Jokes of the most unwise.
No matter how difficult the war was, it could not keep people in eternal tension. From time to time it was necessary to relax, throw off the burden of worries, just have fun and dance, bask in the cold.
Warm up, hang out
Everyone goes to the accordion player.
They are surrounding. - Stop, brothers,
Let me blow on your hands.
At least something for these guys,
From place to water and fire,
Everything that can be in the world
At least something - the accordion is humming.
The heroes in Tvardovsky’s poem not only fight. They laugh, love, write letters, tell each other stories, sing, dance and, of course, dream of a peaceful life.
CONCLUSION
The poem by A. T. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin” is an outstanding work. She became one of the most significant works about the Great Patriotic War. At first glance, it may seem that “Vasily Terkin” is just a series of episodes from the life of one fighter. But, after carefully reading and comprehending the entire poem, the reader receives a fairly complete understanding of the course of the war - from the retreat in 1941 to the Great Victory.
Tvardovsky showed us the war from all its sides. You can immediately feel it when a person writes about what he himself has experienced, about what he has seen and felt. The truth is heard in such works. “Vasily Terkin” also belongs to such books. This poem is not only about war. She about native land, where the town of Borki in the swamp is as valuable as the capital itself. It is about millions of Terkins who accomplished feats or simply fulfilled their sacred duty. It’s about how the Russian people know how to unite during testing years. Therefore, one can rightfully call “Vasily Terkin” an encyclopedia of war.
It is known that for works of art time is the most important critic, and many books do not withstand this cruel test. Our time is also not the last milestone on the path of Tvardovsky’s work. Perhaps the next generations of Russians will read it from a different angle. But I am sure that the poem will still be read, because the conversation in it is about the enduring values of our life - homeland, good, true.
The poem has absorbed both the grief and joy of the people; it contains lines that are harsh, mournful, but even more filled with folk humor, full great love to life. It seemed incredible that it was possible to write about the most cruel and difficult war in the history of nations so life-affirmingly, with such light life philosophy, as Tvardovsky did in Vasily Terkin.
The story of a memorable time,
This book is about a fighter
I started from the middle
And ended without end.
With a thought, perhaps daring
Dedicate your favorite work
The fallen in sacred memory,
To all friends during the war,
To all hearts whose judgment is dear.
I believe that Tvardovsky is absolutely right - real poetry has neither an end nor a beginning. And if it was born from thoughts about the fate and military feat of an entire people, then it can even count on eternity.
LIST OF REFERENCES USED
1. A.V. Makedonov. Creative path Tvardovsky. - M.: Artist. lit., 1981. - 367 p.
2. A.T. Tvardovsky. Vasily Terkin: A book about a fighter / Reprint. - M.: Det. Lit., 1980.- 207 p.
3. V.A.Zaitsev. Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky.- M.: DROFA, 2003.- 400 p.
4. Methodological guide to the textbook " Native literature"for 7th grade. - 5th ed., revised. - M.: Education, 1986. - 255 p.
5. P. S. Vykhodtsev. A.T. Tvardovsky. - M.: Uchpedgiz, 1960. - 251 p.
6. Russian literature of the twentieth century. Tutorial for students. In 2 vols. T. 2 / Ed. L. P. Krementsova.- M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2002.-
464 pp.
7. Russian literature. Soviet literature: Ref. materials: Book. for students of Art. classes/ L.A. Smirnova, S.A. Dzhanumov, L.M. Krupchanov and others; Comp. L.A. Smirnova.- M.: Education, 1989.-448 p.
8. Russian literature of the 20th century. Essays. Portraits. Essay. Book for 11th grade students. avg. school At 2 p.m. Part 2/ V.A. Chalmaev, V.G. Boborykin, A.I. Pavlovsky and others; Comp. E.P. Pronina; Ed. F.F. Kuznetsova.- M.: Education, 1991.- 351 p.
9. S. I. Khozieva. Russian writers and poets.- M.: “Ripol Classic”, 2002.-
576 pp.
10. Memories of Tvardovsky. - M.: Soviet writer, 1982. - p. 339-346.
A.T. Tvardovsky. A word about the poet. Poem "Vasily Terkin"
(pictures of life at the front)
Goals and objectives:
· for students: prove or disprove the epigraph for the lesson.
· for the teacher: to introduce the life and work of Tvardovsky; analyze the chapters “From the author” and “At a halt”; identify the theme of the work, the history and relevance of its creation, composition, character of the main character, style features, ideological originality.
During the classes.
1. Organizational moment.
Hello, please sit down. People meet for different reasons. Today we met to get to know each other, new things, our capabilities and ourselves. How to do it? In the process of communication and performing joint tasks.
2. Lesson topic (slide 1).
The topic, as you can see, is formulated in several sentences. Look at the portrait. What can you tell about this person's character based on his appearance? (Simple, courageous face, attentive look, serious expression). Listen to the sound of the surname. (Tvardovsky - firmness, masculinity). Now imagine that Tvardovsky is you. Tell us about yourself. 1-2 students answer. (Was born in peasant family, saw a lot, was a front-line correspondent). What did A.T. keep silent about out of modesty? (During the war I was always in the most dangerous places, risked his life) Additions from the rest?
3. Go to analysis (slide 2).
Ask about Simonov, what did he write? Reading the epigraph. Do you agree with his opinion? (you must first get acquainted with the poem in order to confirm or refute the statement - the goal of the lesson).
To better understand the intent of the poem, let's try to imagine ourselves as Tvardovsky's co-authors. You look like the guys in the picture. (Slide 3). Imagine that during your lesson you, like the characters in the movie “We are from the Future,” were transported back to that time. (Slide 4). What would you write about? About war. How, what and for what?
But which form to choose? I offer you a task. (Slide 6). Tvardovsky himself said, “This is a book about a fighter without beginning or end.” Why? ( Problematic question). (Students should come to the conclusion that each chapter should be a fragment complete in meaning, so that they can read it at any time, since the poem was published in separate issues of front-line newspapers. The chapters should be united by the main character - Terkin).
We know what to write about, we know in what form. What or who is the book based on? On the hero. What do you think it should be? Let's fill out the form. (Slide 7). Justify your answers. Look at the portrait. What character traits should he have? (Slide 8).
Let's ask Tvardovsky, when did the reader first meet Terkin? Conceived during Soviet-Finnish war to lift the spirits of the fighters. Compare the portraits of the heroes. What are the changes and how can they be explained?
Appearance. (Vasya Terkin is a popular character created for laughter. Vasily Terkin is one of the fighters who shares all the hardships of the war).
Character development. Reading the chapter “At a halt.” Are our assumptions correct? Let's remember what you can't do without in war?
No joke.
What's behind the joke? (The desire to maintain morale, to defuse the situation).
Discuss patronymic - Ivanovich. (Vasily Ivanovich is associated with Chapaev - the hero civil war. Tvardovsky points out both the peasant origin of the hero - the common name “Vasily”, and the fact that he, like Chapaev, must be courageous and resourceful. We can say that “Basily” comes from “Bazilevs” - king, i.e. carries inner nobility and dignity)
In what deep meaning poems? - in truth. It shouldn't feel like a pleasure ride. This is hard work (find evidence) (Slide 9). Fill in the missing words and justify them. But the fighters know what they are fighting for, they do not panic, they do not become limp. And a lot of credit for this goes to people like Terkin.
Insert a conjunction in the blank. Justify. Notice how one word can change the meaning of a statement or give it a different connotation. (The conjunction “a” introduces the meaning of contrasting “abstruse” verses with living, colloquial, folk speech).
Lesson summary.
Homework. Reading the chapter “Crossing”.
We return to our time. (Slide 12, 13).
Answer: Composition and language of the poem “Vasily Terkin”
The poem by Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky “The Book about a Soldier” is thirty parts of a front-line chronicle. It consists of individual chapters, each of which is a compositionally complete work and is built according to the laws of harmony. The poem, according to the author himself, is written:
...In a war under a shaky roof,
On the roads where I had to
Without leaving the wheels...
What is the motive of movement in this work? The poet realized it in episodes of retreat and then advance, moreover, along almost the same route.
The composition of Tvardovsky’s work is dictated by the archetypal travel scheme that underlies it.
Vasily Terkin begins the war on the Karelian Isthmus, this is the first information about Tvardovsky’s hero. Further in the work specific geographical names: Borki, Dnepr, Berlin, call sign Tula.
But Tvardovsky’s hero does not fight on the road “to Berlin.” He affirms peace: the Russian soldier loves to help “other flags are not a reproach” by word, deed, personal example.
How did a soldier live during the war?
In the chapters “At a Rest” and “Two Soldiers” Terkin talks about the harsh life.
At the halt, the entire company lost sleep, as the hero - an experienced fighter - was talking about “Sabantuy”. He does not emphasize his superiority, but simply argues.
In a conversation, suddenly a realization comes human life, the soldier is glad that he managed to avoid death, which means life goes on:
...But, however,
The warrior is alive,
To the kitchen - from the place, from the place - into battle.
Smokes, eats and drinks with gusto
For any position...
Terkin examines:
...But he stuck it somewhere with an awl,
I spotted something in the dust,
He blew somewhere inside, spat,
What do you think, let's go...
No, the war is not forever, time has passed, it has not stopped. The old soldier believes this nondescript fighter. Although later “the Germans took them down from the wall,” he could not stop the events.
Alexander Tvardovsky, of course, does not put Tyorkin in a situation of heroism; the soldier simply does everything that is supposed to be done in war.
In the chapter “Crossing” a tense situation of expectation is created.
(The poem is ringed with crossings - these are chapters four and twenty-six).
The black color is repeated several times here, the roar of the pontoon and the terrible picture of the death of the “hair-cut guys”.
What's there on the other side?
...People, warm and alive,
We went to the bottom, to the bottom, to the bottom...
But all is not lost if there is a desperate fighter - “there was one in every company”:
- Allow me to report.
Platoon on the right bank
Alive and well in spite of the enemy!
The lieutenant is just asking
Throw some light there.
And after the fire
Let's get up and stretch our legs.
What is there, we will transform it,
We will provide the crossing...
Terkin appears precisely at the moment when thoughts about the fate of the platoon reach their climax.
This is not self-confidence, but the image of the Russian people, embodied in one simple fighter. Although, some critics argued that Tvardovsky’s hero has a flaw: he lacks the features of a Soviet man.
In the chapter "Accordion" chance meeting with the tankers showed all the delicacy of a simple soldier, his natural subtlety of feelings and tact.
Everyone suddenly becomes family when Terkin picks up the orphan accordion:
...And from that old accordion,
That I was left an orphan
Somehow it suddenly became warmer
On the front road.
From frost-covered cars
The people walked as if they were on fire.
And who cares
Who plays, whose accordion...
It became warmer and more comfortable on the winter road, from the familiar melodies of the accordion, from the brightened faces of my comrades.
Tvardovsky's entire poem is written in two syllables. poetic meter-trochee, and the chapter “Harmon”, probably not entirely by chance, was written in accented verse, common in folk poetry.
Here the meaning of what is happening is emphasized - the concept of common kinship.
And Tvardovsky leads his hero through battles and moments of rest, rest on land damaged by bombings and gunfire...
At such moments, the soldier’s heart suddenly aches and he remembers his mother, the nighttime warmth of his father’s home.
The chapter “Who Shot” describes just such a situation. The ground became silent, no shots were heard, but a subtle and annoying sound arose. The soldier’s soul could not stand it, he did not hide from the diving enemy, he only thought about death. I thought about it and realized that I didn’t want to die in the summer - too good. It's very cold in autumn - I don't want to damp earth. In winter, the earth is like stone - no. In the spring, my soul is torn, I don’t want to die.
Philosophical reflection lifts him out of the trench, puts him on one knee and forces him to shoot at the plane with a rifle.
Hero? He didn't think about it, he was just defending himself.
All chapters of the poem talk about the everyday life of war, but it was these everyday life that became the path of the fighter Tyorkin.
The chapter “In the Bath” talks about the outskirts of the war: just a little more - and that’s it. The bathhouse in the poem also has an abstract meaning of the end of the war, when the fighter washes off its bloody ashes.
A bathhouse is also a stop along the way, a reflection on what has been passed.
Alexander Tvardovsky does not indicate where and on which roads of the war the events related to the main character took place.
He does not limit the events of the poem to spatial and temporal boundaries. That is why it is generally accepted that in the image of Vasily Tyorkin the author portrayed a heroic people.
A. T. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” is an outstanding work. Both its content and form are truly folk. The poem became one of the most significant works about the Great Patriotic War. At first glance, it may seem that “Vasily Terkin” is simply a series of episodes from the life of a single fighter. But, after carefully reading and comprehending the entire poem, the reader receives a fairly complete understanding of the course of the war - from the retreat in 1941 to the great victory.
War is hunger and cold, death, self-sacrifice, heroism, patience, deep pain for a homeland engulfed in fire. All this can be seen in Tvardovsky’s poem. The poet painted impressive pictures of the war years. In war, “you can live without food for a day, maybe more,” and all these hardships must be endured patiently and with dignity. You need to be prepared for death every day.
A vivid picture was created by the poet in the chapter “Before the Battle.” The commander’s native village appears on the fighters’ route, and his heart sank with melancholy. He has to make his way to his home “along the wall” because there is war and Germans all around.
Ran in, took a quick nap,
Catch up with the war again...
This is how Tvardovsky describes this short stay. There is no time for a soldier to enjoy the joy of a short meeting, and for his wife this holiday is “bitter, sad,” because miserable hours, if not minutes, are allotted to her for a meeting with the closest person and, perhaps, this is their last meeting. It is bitter for the commander to leave his home, because “maybe today the Germans will enter this hut with guns.”
The poet speaks with great respect about a simple Russian woman who endured enormous suffering on her shoulders during the war years, and the poet bows to her.
The last crumbs are given by the housewives to the soldier who came into their house on the way to victory. He is not a stranger to them, he is dear to them, because, like thousands of others, he is going to give his life for the Fatherland.
In the chapter “General” Tvardovsky shows the unity of a simple soldier and a general. The war became a common misfortune for them; grief alone separated them from their home. War also unites families:
Nowadays the wives are all kind,
Selfless enough
Even those that for the time being
There were just witches.
Love strengthens the fighters’ desire for victory, because “the love of a wife... in war is stronger than war and, perhaps, death.”
The poet paints a tragic, typical picture in the chapter “About an Orphan Soldier.” The hero of this episode, passing by his native place, does not recognize his native village of Krasny Most, does not find his home:
There is no window, no hut,
Not a housewife, even a married man,
Not a son, but there was one, guys...
The soldier cried about all this, but there was no one left to cry about him.
Today we are responsible
For Russia, for the people
And for everything in the world.
The poet speaks easily about death, because this death is in the name of the Motherland: “a terrible battle is going on, a bloody one, a mortal battle not for the sake of glory, but for the sake of life on earth.” Soldiers die while crossing, die in unequal battles with the Germans, but still reach Berlin.
