Who is an executive producer? Difference between producer and director

Story

The system of producers in film production developed in the first decade of the 20th century in Hollywood, when the formation of film companies naturally led to the need to allocate a person who exercises general management of the film release process at all its stages, endowed with the broadest powers in relation to technical, financial and artistic issues and bearing personal responsibility for the success of the project.

Types and features

By field of activity there are:

• A theatrical producer who organizes and finances a theatrical production.
• Music producer, who manages the process of creating musical products (a single album or all products of a certain artist or group).
• Game producer - in the computer games industry.
• Film or television producer - in the field of creating a film or television project.

The concept closest to the essence of production and manufacturing sound producer(sound engineer) - a person who manages the process of recording and subsequent processing of an audio product; its function does not involve interference in financial and organizational matters.

Producers in television and film

The concept of “television producer” / “film producer” is divided into several categories, which include the following responsibilities:

• Producer- creates conditions for the creation of a film (television series, TV show) and implements it from beginning to end final result. The producer finds an idea ( literary basis) of a future film (television) project, finances, co-finances or finds investors (sponsors, patrons) for the implementation of the project, forms the main crew of the film crew, participates in the production (implementation) of the project at all its stages - the period of writing the film and/or director's script, preparatory period, filming period, editing and toning period (the so-called post-production), liquidation of cases, distribution (promotion of the finished film (TV series, TV show) to the end consumer (film distributors, TV channels, DVD stores).

In commercial projects, where the main goal is to make a profit, the producer, as a rule, is the main person, since he is responsible for the return of investments in the project, its advertising and distribution of money. Even seasoned directors are forced to obey his dictates. In “festival” projects, the producer is forced to trust the production director.

Producers can be representatives of the largest studios based on private capital.

• Executive producer- in large projects this is usually a representative or one of the heads of the studio, although the title can be assigned to simply a major investor. Oversees financial, administrative and creative aspects production, but does not participate in technical ones. IN small companies or independent projects, the executive producer may refer to the creator/writer. In countries with state funding (in Soviet cinema), the duties of executive producers are performed by film directors and administrators.

• Web producer or website producer - creates the conditions and implements the idea of ​​​​creating a web application or website.

• Information producer(media) - a person responsible for filling the information content of the program.

Differences from the director

Producers differ from directors in that the director is solely responsible for the creative, artistic part of the project, while the producer deals mainly with financial and organizational issues. In addition, according to ideal scheme, the producer is the main person responsible for the success of the entire project. Therefore, to put it modern language, it is the producer who delivers the project, which is called “turnkey”.

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Notes

Excerpt characterizing the Producer

A week later, Pierre gave his wife power of attorney to manage all the Great Russian estates, which amounted to more than half of his fortune, and alone he left for St. Petersburg.

Two months have passed since news was received in Bald Mountains about Battle of Austerlitz and about the death of Prince Andrei, and despite all the letters through the embassy and all the searches, his body was not found, and he was not among the prisoners. The worst thing for his relatives was that there was still hope that he had been raised by the inhabitants on the battlefield, and perhaps was lying recovering or dying somewhere alone, among strangers, and unable to give news of himself. In the newspapers, from which the old prince first learned about the defeat of Austerlitz, it was written, as always, very briefly and vaguely, that the Russians, after brilliant battles, had to retreat and carried out the retreat in perfect order. The old prince understood from this official news that ours were defeated. A week after the newspaper brought news of the Battle of Austerlitz, a letter arrived from Kutuzov, who informed the prince of the fate that befell his son.
“Your son, in my eyes,” wrote Kutuzov, with a banner in his hands, in front of the regiment, fell as a hero worthy of his father and his fatherland. To my general regret and that of the entire army, it is still unknown whether he is alive or not. I flatter myself and you with hope that your son is alive, for otherwise he would have been named among the officers found on the battlefield, about whom the list was given to me through the envoys.”
Having received this news late in the evening, when he was alone. in his office, the old prince, as usual, went for his morning walk the next day; but he was silent with the clerk, the gardener and the architect, and, although he looked angry, he did not say anything to anyone.
When in usual time, Princess Marya came in to him, he stood at the machine and sharpened, but, as usual, did not look back at her.
- A! Princess Marya! - he suddenly said unnaturally and threw the chisel. (The wheel was still spinning from its swing. Princess Marya long remembered this fading creaking of the wheel, which for her merged with what followed.)
Princess Marya moved towards him, saw his face, and something suddenly sank within her. Her eyes stopped seeing clearly. She saw from her father’s face, not sad, not murdered, but angry and unnaturally working on himself, that a terrible misfortune hung over her and would crush her, the worst in her life, a misfortune she had not yet experienced, an irreparable, incomprehensible misfortune. , the death of someone you love.
- Mon pere! Andre? [Father! Andrei?] - Said the ungraceful, awkward princess with such an inexpressible charm of sadness and self-forgetfulness that her father could not stand her gaze and turned away, sobbing.
- Got the news. None among the prisoners, none among the killed. Kutuzov writes,” he shouted shrilly, as if wanting to drive the princess away with this cry, “he has been killed!”
The princess did not fall, she did not feel faint. She was already pale, but when she heard these words, her face changed, and something shone in her radiant, beautiful eyes. It was as if joy, the highest joy, independent of the sorrows and joys of this world, spread beyond the intense sadness that was in her. She forgot all her fear of her father, walked up to him, took his hand, pulled him towards her and hugged his dry, sinewy neck.
“Mon pere,” she said. “Don’t turn away from me, we’ll cry together.”
- Scoundrels, scoundrels! – the old man shouted, moving his face away from her. - Destroy the army, destroy the people! For what? Go, go, tell Lisa. “The princess sank helplessly into a chair next to her father and began to cry. She now saw her brother at that moment as he said goodbye to her and Lisa, with his gentle and at the same time arrogant look. She saw him at that moment, how he tenderly and mockingly put the icon on himself. “Did he believe? Did he repent of his unbelief? Is he there now? Is it there, in the abode of eternal peace and bliss?” she thought.
- Mon pere, [Father,] tell me how it was? – she asked through tears.
- Go, go, killed in the battle in which they were ordered to kill the Russians the best people and Russian glory. Go, Princess Marya. Go and tell Lisa. I will come.
When Princess Marya returned from her father, the little princess was sitting at work, and with that special expression of an inner and happily calm look, characteristic only of pregnant women, she looked at Princess Marya. It was clear that her eyes did not see Princess Marya, but looked deep into herself - into something happy and mysterious happening within her.

Producer is a person who creates conditions for the implementation of any idea, project, “promotion” of someone or something, for example, turns an unknown performer into a pop star, produces new song to the top of the charts, finds money to shoot and promote the film.

Producers are distinguished

Theater producer.

Music producer (“music producer”).

Game producer (in the computer games industry).

Film producer or television producer, which may be classified as:

Producer - creates the conditions for creating a film. Initiates, coordinates and manages budget increases, key personnel hires and distributor agreements. The producer is involved in all stages of film creation, from the beginning of development to the start of distribution.

Executive producer - in large projects this is usually a representative or one of the heads of the studio, although the title can also be assigned to simply a major investor. Oversees the financial, administrative and creative aspects of production, but is not involved in the technical ones. In smaller companies or independent projects, the executive producer may be the creator/writer.

A co-producer is a producer who reports to the executive producer and provides the money to finance the film. More involved in daily production than just a producer.

Associate Producer - Typically serves as a representative of the producer, who may be responsible for some of the producer's financial, creative, or administrative functions. The title is often given to someone experienced in film production who acts as a consultant, or to someone who has made a significant financial or creative contribution to the project.

Assistant Producer - Typically works under the direction of an Associate Producer.

Line Producer - oversees the film's budget and daily production.

Administrative Producer - Reports to the Board of Directors and hires freelancers for various stages of production.

Website Producer - controls the management of the website.

The profession of a producer is for those who have the necessary connections, useful contacts both among people of art and among businessmen. It’s difficult to break into the ranks of producers - it’s a closed caste where everyone knows each other.

Important qualities

- intuition

- ability to navigate information

- communication skills

- a penchant for innovation and everything new

— right attitude to success and failure.

The advantage of the profession is the high income. In cinema, theater and show business, the producer’s income is directly related to the success of the project being promoted: the more money is earned, the higher the producer’s dividends. Specific amounts fees in show business are, for obvious reasons, kept strictly confidential.

Modern television continues to be one of the most accessible means mass media. At the same time, it performs a number of important social functions, which influence the most important social processes. Researchers at the Faculty of Communications, Media and Design at the National Research University Higher School of Economics note: “Media today is the new connective tissue of our lives. Media is everywhere, although we may not notice it.”

A television producer is, in fact, an organizer of television production, who is primarily a co-author of the correspondent. The main task of a television producer is to help a journalist collect material in a limited time. His position may be called differently, for example, in Europe and America these responsibilities are assumed by the linear and executive producer s, about whose work we will talk in more detail below.

To indicate a certain vector of our research, we will define the term “producer” - (from the English poduce? produce) - producer, broadcast organizer, trusted representative of a television company, studio, editorial office. Exercises artistic, organizational and financial control over the creation of a television work, is responsible for compliance with agreements with the company, studio, and editorial office on the compliance of the created television program with their requirements and the terms of the agreement.”

The appearance of such a profession on foreign television is associated with the film industry. Film production is a labor-intensive process that requires clear organization of the work of creative and technical teams.

In cinema, producers were responsible for the financial and administrative side of film production, and the director was responsible for the creative component of the film project. In cinematography, the producing institute was an intermediary between the creative department - actors, screenwriters, directors, and the technical department - cameramen, lighting engineers, artists.

Was in American film companies whole state producers, where everyone worked separate part new project. This system still operates successfully today. The general producer is the head of the entire film crew, who deals with the financial side of the project.

The emergence of the institute of producers is a natural process. After all, cinema is a collective work that includes multi-stage production related to creativity, technology, and also finances. Some producers are responsible only for certain aspects of the project, while others develop the entire project - from the inception of the idea to the release of the finished television product on air.

According to researcher A. Tyutryumov, in modern economic conditions the role of the producer as the subject initiating production television programs, which determines its main social and economic characteristics, attracts the necessary volumes of investment, forms project teams, organizes the processes of creation, promotion, sales and distribution of television products, is key, which also determines the significance and relevance management decisions, aimed at increasing the efficiency of the production process in the sector of the national economy under consideration.

In order to define the role of a producer in television production, we will consider the main responsibilities and functions of television producers.

A television producer is the manager of the process of creating and selling various films and audiovisual works. He, together with the authors work of art develops optimal tactics for creating and releasing a feature film or television series, directs and integrates all creative and production activities of the team, provides and organizes the technological processes of preparing and conducting filming, editing the work, monitors the compliance of the filmed material with the accepted artistic concept, accepts the finished product and ensures its further advancement.

The job responsibilities of a producer vary depending on the specific type of activity of the enterprise, but in general they are very similar:

planning and implementation of projects;

organization and control of project financing (including attracting advertisers and investors);

development and organization of marketing research;

coordination of activities of all interested parties;

analysis of project business indicators and their improvement.

A person who can work in this position usually has the following requirements:

higher specialized education;

understanding of the project’s technological processes;

ability to analyze business indicators and influence them;

communication and management skills.

Excellent knowledge is often required foreign language, economic education and knowledge of jurisprudence.

There is a classification of producers depending on the volume and scale of responsibilities.

Executive producer - in large projects this is usually a representative or one of the heads of the studio, although the title can also be assigned to simply a major investor. Oversees the financial, administrative and creative aspects of production, but is not involved in the technical ones. In small companies or independent projects, even the screenwriter may be called an executive producer.

A co-producer is a producer who reports to the executive producer and provides the money to finance the film. Involved in daily production more than just a producer.

Associate Producer - Typically serves as a representative of the producer, who may be responsible for some of the producer's financial, creative, or administrative functions. This is often a person experienced in filmmaking who acts as a consultant or someone who has made a major financial or creative contribution to the project.

Assistant Producer -- Typically works under the direction of an Associate Producer.

Administrative Producer -- Reports to the Board of Directors and hires freelancers for various stages of production.

Creative producer - responsible for the creative component of the project: selection of a creative team (producing director, artist, screenwriter, cameraman, composer, etc.).

The division of producers according to the degree of responsibility for the project is given by screenwriter and producer Katherine Kelleson:

• - Showrunner (from the English Showrunner) - is responsible for the creative direction of the project. Involved in writing the script and coordinating the work of other scriptwriters, making changes to the finished script. To the organization of such television programs as reality shows, talk shows, news programs The showrunner is not involved. His main task is to be the custodian of the overall concept of the project. On domestic television The role of showrunner is performed by a producer or screenwriter.
• -General, leading producer - this position is held by both an independent producer and a professional invited to work on a specific project. The lead producer works on the project from the moment the idea is conceived until the finished product is released.
• -Second producer - being right hand producer, the assistant carries out a number of his assignments related to various aspects production process. His duties may range from: creative nature(for example, conducting interviews), and administrative (drawing up a work schedule, distributing the budget among departments, finding locations for filming).
• -Line producer - monitors the work process from the first to the last working day. He controls the working budget and compares expected and actual expenses. His strong point is organizational skills. He does not generate ideas, but translates them into reality. Thanks to him, work proceeds according to schedule. He creates the storyboard and determines in what sequence the scenes should be filmed to keep costs to a minimum. Questions about filming locations, transport and accommodation line producer decides together with the general producer.
• -Staff producer - invited by a channel or production center on a permanent basis workplace. He is responsible for a specific aspect of the project, such as conducting interviews with potential talk show participants, or working with additional information needed for the plot, or for finding places to shoot.
• -Segment producer - in news releases, documentaries, a talk show, he is responsible for one or more stories - a specific part of the program that will be shown within its framework - and produces his own portion of the project. In some cases, an entire team consisting of a producer, assistants, cameraman and director may work on such a segment.
• -Producer of special projects - such a producer can be located a thousand kilometers from the head office. Many channels in New York and Los Angeles have producers located in different states of the United States and around the world who are ready to take on a new assignment at a moment's notice. This allows you to reduce time and financial costs if you need to quickly organize a project. Most often, such a producer works in the field of sports, entertainment and news programs. In domestic practice, such a producer is called regional and usually works for the bureaus of federal television channels. If the channel does not have its own correspondents and producers in the region, the story is filmed by stringers.
• - Post-production consultant - such a specialist has a clear understanding of the material that needs to be edited, as well as all the graphic elements and sound fragments. At all stages of post-production, he works closely with the video editor, sound designer and sound engineer.

The position of a producer and his functional responsibilities should be distinguished from the functions of an editor. In some textbooks the positions of editor and producer were not even differentiated.

However, in our opinion, these are two different professions that differ in their functions. In fact, they share responsibility for the quality of the program and its impact on viewers. The editor's task is to prevent factual and grammatical errors, make sure that the words and the image on the screen complement each other, so that all components of the TV show - color, picture, introductions, screensavers and much more - work for its main idea and do not contain inconsistencies of any scale. The editor must track even minor inconsistencies.

In addition, the editor in modern understanding its functions is the custodian and bearer of the program format, that is, its unique image in the television world. The editor also works with people - the heroes of the program, with film crew, often plays a big role in motivating the team.

The producer organizes the entire process as a whole - both creative and financial. IN in this case we are not only talking about a television producer, but also a film production producer.

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With the development of the film industry in our country, one can increasingly hear about such a profession as a producer. "Who is this?" - any person who is not so deeply familiar with television or show business will ask. This article will answer all your questions about this relatively new profession.

Producer - who is it?

So, a producer is a specialist who is directly involved in the production of a project, deciding financial, technological and creative questions. However, our inexperienced viewer, after waiting for the end of the film, sees a huge list of different producers and does not understand why there are so many of them, what the work of each of them is. This is not surprising, because this profession began to gain popularity only after the collapse of the USSR, and it is relatively young. So, let's figure out why one film or show needs so many of these same producers.

Lead or general producer. Who is this?

This is undoubtedly a starting point any movie. He deals with financial issues, corrects the director’s plans, approves and himself selects personnel and actors to work on the set. In television projects, all these functions are performed by the show producer.

Executive producer

He can be called the main participant in the film production process. Most often it lies on it most of financial problems and legal issues. He is responsible for expenses wages, various types of costs. By the way, if they want to attract attention to a future film, they name a famous person as the executive producer.

Speaking of expenses, we can recall famous movie and at the same time the Broadway musical "The Producers". The point is that his main character firmly believes in the three main, unshakable rules of the producer, the essence of which boils down to one expression: “The producer never invests his own money in the film.” The main character tries to prove this to his friend. Of course, in real life Quite the opposite often happens.

Associate Producer

This designation can be taken in two senses. First of all, this is a person who is always ready to help the leading producer. He carries out a number of his tasks and assignments. Also, do not forget that a film is usually produced by a group of companies, and the head of one of them most often becomes an associate producer. And the head of a larger company is an executive. It is now clear that his functions are similar to those of the general or leader; he also hires staff, monitors the progress of work and looks for funds for the creation and development of the project.

Line Producer

He controls the film's budget and sometimes monitors the production process on a daily basis. More often than not, he is not included in the creative team list, because he is involved in on-site management and is involved in the process.

Co-producer

This person is both responsible for the budget and influences the selection cast. The co-producer can be the head of the second company taking part in the production, or a partner of the first producer. He must also have extensive knowledge in the field of cinema, know the main trends, and have at least a little understanding of marketing, management, and logistics. In general, this should be a comprehensively developed person.

Assistant Producer

This is truly a difficult profession. The producer should be the right hand, the main assistant. A person who does not have a limitless flow of energy is unlikely to cope with this work. After all, the success of the film depends on quickly solving difficult problems, that is, on the quality of the assistant producer’s work.

Other types

Music producer - the question has most likely already arisen in your head, so we will certainly answer it. This person is responsible for the sound and musical component.

Also in all this diversity there are creative producer, which you are unlikely to see in the credits of foreign films. This is easy to explain, because the functions of any professional are not limited to “dry” solutions to budget and financial issues. However, in our country, a creative producer appears in the credits of almost every film.

That's probably all you need to know about this difficult profession and its types. Now you know what producers do, and in a conversation with a person connected with the world of cinema, you will not look ridiculous and will be able to answer any question. Improve further!