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Eco-friendly estate. Growing porcini mushrooms on an estate is not a myth, but a reality. The main thing is to know some of the features and then growing porcini mushrooms will be effective

Growing porcini mushrooms on the estate - uhit is not a myth, but a reality.

The main thing is to know some of the features and then growing porcini mushrooms will be effective (it would be surprising if this king of mushrooms did not have its own requirements for caring for it). There are two ways to grow porcini mushrooms. The first method is cultivation using mycelium, the second is using fresh mushroom caps.

A little about the mushroom itself.

The porcini mushroom is rightfully considered the most valuable among edible mushrooms. It has a large, fleshy cap and a thick, swollen white leg. It is tastier and more aromatic than other mushrooms. And it is called white because it does not darken during preparation and cooking. Wonderful aromatic light sauces, broths and soups, as well as many other dishes, are prepared with this mushroom.

All these qualities make it possible to call the porcini mushroom the most desirable in a mushroom picker’s basket. And if it grows in your own garden, then that’s even better.

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium

This is the first growing method in case you don’t have time to look for mushrooms in the forest. To grow this way, firstly, you need to purchase porcini mushroom mycelium. The Internet will help you find sellers.

In addition to mycelium you will need:

growing trees of deciduous or coniferous species, preferably not very old (about 8-14 years old, mainly oaks, pine and birch);
branches, moss, fallen leaves;
compost.

From May to September– is the best time to plant porcini mushroom mycelium.

So - everything is prepared, the season is right, we begin planting:

1. Let's prepare a landing site. To do this, near the tree trunk you need to remove the top layer of earth (10-20 cm thick) with a shovel so as to obtain an approximately round bare area from 1 to 1.5 m in diameter with the tree in the center.

2. Place either compost or soil with a high peat content 1 to 2 cm thick on the bare area, and place pieces of porcini mushroom mycelium on top. Place the mycelium in a checkerboard pattern every 25-30 cm. One package of mycelium should be enough for one tree.

3. Cover everything with the layer of soil that was removed at the very beginning. Now water the planting site. Water must be poured carefully through a sprayer so as not to wash away the soil. One tree needs 2 to 3 buckets of water.

4. I recommend covering the area for planting porcini mushrooms with a 20-40 centimeter layer of straw to maintain soil moisture at 40%. The mycelium should not dry out. The area will need to be watered from time to time to maintain the required humidity. It is recommended to add effective microorganisms to the water when watering (for example, Baikal EM-1). This increases the likelihood of germination.

5. To protect from frost, cover the area with mycelium with straw, moss, fallen leaves or spruce branches. Covering radius is about 2m. In the spring, when the probability of return severe frosts will no longer be there, remove the “cover”.

The first mushrooms will appear a year after the mycelium takes root. And so the porcini mushrooms on the estate will delight you for about 3-4 years. If you water the soil with mycelium from time to time with water containing effective microorganisms (EM), you can harvest the crop longer – sometimes even up to 7 years.

As you can see, the technology for growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium is not very complicated.

Growing Porcini Mushrooms Using Fresh Mushroom Caps

As in the first option, you need conifers or deciduous trees aged from 8 to 12 years.

And now it’s time to go to the forest for mushrooms, that is, for the so-called “seed material”. Such material is the fruiting bodies of porcini mushrooms and, of course, the caps. Your goal is more mature mushrooms (at least 5-10 pieces) with caps 10-20 cm in diameter. When broken, the pulp should have a slight greenish tint. If the mushrooms are infected with insect larvae, it’s not scary.

Now let's get down to the planting process itself.

Growing porcini mushrooms using caps is in some ways similar to growing the previous method, but it also has its own characteristics. To grow this way we need:

prepare the collected mushrooms for sowing;
prepare a place for sowing;
“sow” mushrooms.

And now about this in more detail:

How to prepare the “seed material” of porcini mushrooms?

Place the porcini mushrooms collected for sowing (5-10 pcs.) in a bucket of water (preferably rainwater) and leave them to soak for a day. After steeping, mash the mushrooms with your hands directly in the bucket. You should get a homogeneous mass. Now strain this solution through a sieve or finely pore cloth. Do not throw away any remaining pulp. She will also need to be planted. Thus, you received a solution with spores and the mushroom tissue itself.

Preparing the place for sowing and the “sowing” of porcini mushrooms

The place for sowing is prepared in the same way as in the previous planting method. But the sowing process is different.

With this method of planting on a bare piece of land, it is necessary to pour a strained solution onto the roots of the tree (about 2 liters per one square meter). After watering, place the mushroom tissue that remains after straining on top of the roots. After this, cover everything with the earth that was previously removed near this tree and water it with water. As with the previous planting method, water very carefully. The amount of water per tree is 4-5 buckets.

Take care of the area as in the case of planting porcini mushrooms using mycelium. That is, keep the soil moist (especially in summer), and in winter (and especially before the first winter after planting) cover the soil around the tree. In spring, remove the covering material.

It is enough to water once a week with 4-5 buckets of water for each tree. Although it all depends on the area where you live. If it rains often, then, of course, you can reduce watering.

After a year or two, if the mycelium has taken root, you will collect your porcini mushrooms. They can be from 2 to 5 kg.

By the way, if you “sow” mushrooms in August, and the mushrooms appear the following fall, then parts of the porcini mushroom caps have taken root. Well, if mushrooms appear after 2 years, then the spores have taken root.

As with the mycelium growing method, you will be collecting mushrooms for about 3-4 years. So if you enjoy picking your own porcini mushrooms, plant them again using the same method in a few years.

What do you need to know to increase the chances of mycelium taking root?

Mushrooms may do better if you use the following tips (some of them will work for both growing methods).

When looking for mushrooms for further planting, choose mushrooms that grow near the same tree species that you are planning to plant near. That is, if an oak tree grows on your site, then look for porcini mushrooms also near the oak tree. If you have different trees on the site, then also collect “seed material” near different trees, but preferably in different bags or baskets. The trees themselves must be healthy.

After picking the mushrooms, they need to be soaked immediately (maximum 10 hours after picking) and sowed the next day. Before soaking, mushrooms cannot be stored for longer than 10 hours. They decompose quickly. You won't grow anything from frozen mushrooms, so don't even try to freeze them to plant later.

When soaking mushrooms (when preparing seed), you can add sugar or alcohol to the water. This will help the mycelium take root better. You just need to remember that alcohol is added first, mixed with water, and only then the caps are placed for soaking. The amount of alcohol is 3-4 tbsp. spoons per 10 liters of water. If you use sugar, it should only be granulated sugar. Refined sugar cannot be used. You need 50 g of sugar per 10 liters of water.

2-3 hours before planting mushrooms, the bare area of soil should be watered with a special solution for disinfection. But don't be afraid, these are all natural substances and your eco-garden will not suffer. But pathogenic fungi and bacteria will partially lose their hyperactivity and will not be able to harm your porcini mushrooms.

A solution of tannins is used to disinfect the area. One tree needs 2-3 liters of this solution. It can be prepared either from black tea or from oak bark. You can water the area only with a cooled solution.

You can prepare a tanning solution from:

from black tea

To prepare 1 liter of the finished solution, you need to pour 50-100 g of low-grade tea with one liter of boiling water and wait for it to cool.

from oak bark

For 1 liter of water, take 30 g of oak bark. Boil for an hour. During the boiling process, add water to the original volume.
The deadline for planting mushrooms is until mid-September. Later they will take root less well or will not take root at all. 1-1.5 months before frost, the mycelium can take root and grow. This will ensure her better wintering.

The best time to plant porcini mushrooms is August to mid-September.

And again: monitor the humidity in the area of the planted mushrooms. In hot summers, water the area with mushrooms with 3-4 buckets of water once a week.

Well, now you know how to grow porcini mushrooms. It will take a little work, but this is the king of mushrooms and it’s worth it. And imagine how you watch the growth of mushrooms, without fear that someone else will pick them, because they grow on your territory...

Growing porcini mushrooms on the estate will provide you with a personal “forest” harvest. I wish you good harvests and may you succeed in growing porcini mushrooms the first time. published

It’s not always possible to go out into the forest to pick mushrooms, but you can plant them on your property. If you like to do everything yourself, then you will like the idea of growing wild mushrooms: this way you will always know where to look for them.

The peculiarity of most forest mushrooms is that the mycelium grows and develops better only by interacting with the roots forest trees. It’s good if birch, pine or spruce trees grow on the site - in this case, growing mushrooms near them will be quite simple. There are several ways to plant mushrooms – let’s look at the most effective ones.

Methods for growing wild mushrooms on the site

1. Transplanting mushrooms from the forest

To plant using this method, you should dig up the mycelium and transfer it to your site. You need to move the mycelium very carefully, without shaking the soil from the excavated layer. Before replanting, prepare the soil under the tree. At a distance of about 0.5 m from the trunk, remove the top ball of soil 30-40 cm thick. Place compost of leaves and wood dust on the bottom, water and sprinkle with soil. Place the dug mycelium on the prepared place, water it and cover it with a layer of fallen leaves. For the first two weeks, if there is no rain, water the planting site daily using the drip method.

To plant wild mushrooms, choose a shaded, moist place. It is better to replant the mycelium under the same tree as the mother one: if you took the mycelium under a birch, it means it is better to replant it under a birch. Be careful when choosing mushrooms for transplanting - do not bring poisonous ones to your site.

2. Reproduction by mycelium

Garden centers sell wild mushroom mycelium. Manufacturers offer on the packaging detailed instructions for landing. Planting mycelium requires site preparation.

Choose a place in the shade of a tree, at a distance of 50-60cm from the trunk. Remove the top ball of soil by 50cm. The area of the sowing area depends on the amount of mycelium in the package and is indicated by the manufacturer. Place 20 cm of forest substrate at the bottom: fallen leaves, pine needles, dust and sawdust. Cover evenly with a layer of soil 10 cm thick. For the next layer, mix the soil with the substrate and add 10 cm. Next, mix the mycelium with soil and a growth enhancer (can be purchased at a garden center or specialized stores). Distribute the mixture, lightly tamping with your hands. The last layer is soil. Immediately after planting, carefully water the seeded area and cover with fallen leaves.

In order not to prepare such a complex substrate for mycelium, you can purchase a ready-made substrate for mushrooms - it can be purchased at garden centers and stores specializing in seeds and fertilizers.

For the first two weeks, strictly follow the watering schedule. In the future, make sure that the soil at the sowing site does not dry out. Mushrooms planted in this way will grow next year, and the mycelium will bear fruit fully two years after planting. The mycelium will bear fruit in the period from 2 to 5 years from the first harvest.

Gently loosen the soil above the planted mycelium regularly.

3. Mushroom seedlings

The easiest way to grow wild mushrooms on your site. Chop the caps and pieces of wild mushrooms or grind them in a meat grinder, and soak them in water for a day. Around the tree near which you plan to grow mushrooms, dig up the soil and add forest substrate to it. Water the prepared area with infused water and pieces of mushrooms and cover with fallen leaves.

Experts disagree on when the first mushrooms planted in this way will appear. Some claim that they will be in the first year of planting, others - after a year.

The listed methods differ in level of complexity, but all of them are most effective for growing wild mushrooms. You can try planting porcini mushrooms, chanterelles and saffron milk caps using these methods.

Whatever method you choose to plant wild mushrooms, you should follow a few tips:

choose a planting site in dense shade
Keep the soil moist, add drip watering if necessary
apply a growth activator to the soil in spring
plant mushrooms no further than half a meter from the tree
plant during cool times of the day
The best time to plant mushrooms is from May to September

Remember that wild mushrooms do not take root very well near fruit trees. It’s good if there are several forest trees, deciduous or coniferous, on your site. If there are no such plants on your site, experiment with planting them near wooden buildings on the shaded side.

You can transplant several young trees with mycelium in the roots to the site. This method is very labor-intensive and complex. It is not suitable for owners of small plots.

Advice on how to grow wild mushrooms on your property is quite controversial. The fact is that the result depends on many factors: time, weather, watering, soil, mycelium, etc., but it is worth it. Mushrooms grown on the site are almost undamaged by insects and taste no different from their forest brothers. You will also be 100% confident in their environmental friendliness, unlike mushrooms purchased on the market and collected from nowhere.

Your dacha can become not only a place where you are welcome fragrant pears, ripe tomatoes and red-sided apples, but also a whole plantation of plump boletus, red-headed boletus or dark brown boletus. So, all the secrets of the summer resident-mushroom picker are in our article.

About methods of growing mushrooms

Transplantation from the forest

Perhaps this method is the easiest for beginner mushroom pickers. To implement it, it is enough to dig up a mycelium at the forest edge and move it to your site.

Before you arrange a mushroom "move", take care of preparing the soil under the tree. At a distance of 0.5-0.6 m from the tree trunk, remove 30-40 cm of soil. Place compost of wood chips, leaves and soil at the bottom.

Before laying the mycelium, water the compost and cover the mycelium itself with a layer of fallen leaves.

Advice!
In the absence of rain, water the planting site by drip method for the first 12-14 days.

If wild mushrooms are to be replanted, choose a place for them under the same tree as their mother. For example, it is better to plant boletus under a birch, and aspen under a small aspen.

Reproduction by mycelium

You can plant your own mushrooms for the garden using mycelium, which is purchased at gardening stores.

Select appropriate place in the shade of a tree, remove 0.5 m 60 cm from its trunk.

Note!
The required area of the site is indicated by the manufacturer and the amount of mycelium in the package is determined.

Line the bottom 20 cm with a forest substrate consisting of fallen leaves, pine needles, dust and sawdust. Cover the substrate with 10 cm of soil.
The next 10 cm layer will include soil and substrate.
Next, mix the mycelium, soil and growth enhancer. Spread the mixture with your hands, compacting it a little.
The last layer is soil.

The first small harvest can be obtained the next year; full fruiting will begin only two years after sowing.

Mushroom seedlings

The method of growing mushroom seedlings is the least expensive of those proposed. The stems and caps of wild mushrooms are ground through a meat grinder and soaked in water for 24 hours.

Around the tree that will become the new home of the mushroom family, dig up the soil and add forest substrate. For watering, use infused water, and cover the area itself with fallen leaves.

Even among experienced mushroom pickers, opinions about the first harvest differ: some are happy to try homemade mushrooms in the same year, others only after a season.

The methods described above are excellent for growing chanterelles, porcini mushrooms and saffron milk caps.

Mushroom picker secrets

Substrate preparation

Experienced mushroom pickers take the preparation of the substrate very seriously and begin work a month before the actual laying of the mycelium.

The main component of the substrate is fallen leaves, which are collected in the spring and stored in 10 buckets. In addition, you will need 1 bucket of rotten wood or fruit tree sawdust and 1 bucket of clean cow manure without straw.

If you haven’t had time to stock up on leaves, straw, sunflower seed husks and pine needles do a great job. The main condition is to use last year’s material, which is easily rotten.

The resulting composition is poured with a 1% solution of nitrate (ammonium nitrate) and covered with a waterproof material. Every week the mass is shoveled until it becomes homogeneous. This process will take about a month.

Advice!
When digging a place for mycelium, it is recommended to fill the bottom with 10 cm of stones, which will serve as drainage.
The mushroom bed itself should have the shape of a hill so that rainwater does not stagnate in it.

Planting mycelium

It's no secret that mushrooms grow in small families; the mycelium is located at a depth of 5-10 cm. Having found such a family in the forest, carefully use a shovel to dig out a layer of earth 30 cm thick.

Before planting, the resulting layer must be divided into 5-6 parts and planted on the prepared bed in a checkerboard pattern, retreating from each other at least 30 cm. In this case, the depth of the mycelium embedding should not exceed 3-5 cm.

Immediately after planting, the bed is watered and “hidden” under a layer of leaves to obtain a favorable microclimate. All further care of the mushroom bed will consist of regular watering and shelter for the winter.

Container method - to be or not to be

We should also consider the container method, which can be implemented even in a small area. Plastic bags serve the role of a container perfectly, and the function of a substrate is assigned to the husks of sunflower seeds or straw.

Stages using the container method:

Success in implementing the container method depends on the right location; the most suitable would be a well-ventilated barn or basement. Before you move a mushroom family into the room, treat it with a 4% bleach solution; this will be an excellent prevention of a number of diseases.
Husks or chopped straw are poured with boiling water for 4-5 hours. As time passes, the straw is allowed to drain. The mycelium is crushed into crumbs and placed in a bag in layers. The optimal filling density is considered to be 0.5 kg/liter. On average, the finished bag should have a height of 70 cm, a diameter of 25 cm and a weight of about 13 kg.

Note!
Extremely important point is to calculate the amount of mycelium per bag.
An insufficient amount will provoke the formation of mold in the substrate, an excessive amount will lead to growth and a rise in temperature inside the bag, which inevitably ends in the death of the fungal embryos.
The optimal ratio of mycelium to substrate is 5:100.

The filled blocks are tied and hung at a distance of 10 cm. After 10 days, areas of ripening of whole bunches of mushrooms will be noticeable; in these places, the bags must be cut.

Further care for the mushroom family is to maintain high level humidity by daily spraying. In addition, mushrooms need artificial lighting.
After a month, you can take up the basket and go to harvest. At proper care one container can produce up to 12 kg of homemade mushrooms, and after another 3-4 weeks you can harvest a second harvest. This method is perfect for lovers of shiitake and oyster mushrooms.

Features of growing different types of mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms

The most suitable place for oyster mushrooms is wood chocks in basements or greenhouses, shady places in the garden. Freshly cut poplar, aspen or oak trunks are sawn into logs up to 40 cm long and 20 cm in diameter.

Holes with a diameter of 2 cm and a depth of 5 cm are drilled in the resulting segments. If you do not have a drilling tool at your disposal, you can limit yourself to cuts or notches.

A small amount of mycelium is placed in the formed holes and covered with sawdust, a piece of bark, moss or wood chips.

It will take 2-3 months for the fungal mycelium to penetrate all the chocks. For further growth, they can be buried outdoors under a tree to a depth of 10-15 cm. Mushrooms planted in this way grow for 5-6 years.

Interesting!
Oyster mushroom mycelium is so unpretentious that it can be sown outside even in winter.

Champignon

These mushrooms are the least demanding and can grow in the most spartan conditions of a dark, damp cellar or dugout barn. The best soil is horse manure or cattle manure, to which 30-35% of leaves, straw, tomato or potato tops are added before use.

When preparing the substrate, for every 50 kg of manure add 12 kg of gypsum, 13 kg of lime, 1.5 kg of urea. The heap, moistened and covered with film, is left for 15-20 days.

If cultivation will be carried out under conditions indoors, you will need boxes or shelving. IN open ground planting is carried out directly into the ground or in trenches 30 cm deep.

The air humidity should be at least 55%; a deviation to the lower side leads to the fact that the mycelium grows very slowly, to a higher one - development occurs only in the upper layer.

After two weeks, the mycelium grows by 4-5 cm, and an unattractive white coating often forms on the surface. You can get rid of it with the help of good greenhouse soil, which is poured in a layer of 3-4 cm. Water the mushroom bed using a sprayer.

The first harvest can be harvested after 30-40 days, fruiting continues for 2-3 months.

You can go out to collect champignons when the film has stretched over the plates, but has not yet burst and has a pale pink color. It is important that the mushrooms do not age; this process inevitably leads to depletion of the mycelium.

The mushrooms are carefully twisted out, holding the soil with the other hand. Empty place sprinkled with earth.

White mushrooms

Those who have previously planted coniferous trees on the site can take up the cultivation of porcini mushrooms. The most suitable soil is soil with a high peat content, which is used for.

Planting is carried out in a checkerboard pattern on a pre-prepared substrate. Experienced mushroom pickers recommend carrying out the first watering with a sugar solution, which is prepared at the rate of 50 g of sugar for every 10 liters of water.

In a year, the first harvest awaits you; on average, its volume can reach 2-5 kg. Fruiting of mushrooms continues for 3-4 years.

Conclusion

Growing mushrooms on summer cottage– useful and interesting activity. Just imagine how in winter you will get a jar of fragrant mushrooms from your home bins, can you imagine? Then it’s time to watch the video in this article, which will tell you how to grow mushrooms in your garden plot.

Many people love to pick mushrooms. But it is not always possible to escape into the forest in search of the treasured gift of nature. You can please yourself and move a piece of the forest to your garden bed, right to your dacha, and grow your favorite mushrooms yourself.

, champignons, and porcini mushrooms. You can also try to grow saffron milk caps, morels, chanterelles and boletus in your garden. The process of breeding the latter is labor-intensive and not justified.

The best mushrooms for growing in your summer cottage:

Oyster mushrooms. Harvest time is late summer - early autumn, until October. In the first year, up to 0.5-0.6 kg can be collected from one bush. The mycelium does not need to be dug up for the winter; it is not afraid of frost. In favorable conditions, harvests can be harvested for more than one year.
Morels are the first mushrooms of spring. Their germination time is April-May. Their appearance is quite peculiar, it is difficult to confuse them with other species. Morel comes in regular and brown varieties. The first is characterized by an oval cap, and the second type is long, elongated at the top, and widening at the bottom. Appearance The hat itself is extravagant, in the shape of a honeycomb. They do not like the proximity of apple trees, so they are usually grown in orchards.
Champignons are the most common domesticated species. It grows in any conditions and under any trees, be it a spruce, pine or fruit tree or even a berry bush. Spores can be purchased at a specialty store or online. The most reliable method of collecting planting material is to dig up a fruiting mycelium in the forest. Champignons love manure heaps or compost pits. They will not refuse an abundance of moisture and shade. But they prefer land with a large composition organic matter.
White mushrooms. The most difficult type to grow. For successful germination, they need a tree under which mycelium grows in nature. And, most importantly, the tree should not be a one-year-old seedling, but a fully formed specimen up to 30 years old. It is desirable that the pine tree be long-lived. Does not tolerate proximity to fruit plants.

Thus, you can easily and simply grow your favorite gifts of nature at home. Self-grown myceliums will delight you with abundant harvests for many years.

Methods for growing mushrooms in the country

There are several effective ways growing:

Fruit-bearing mycelium brought from the forest. Every mushroom picker knows what to look for under trees or near the roots. At the time of searching, it is important to note a good family and dig the soil under it 3 cm deep. You do not need to dig up the entire mycelium, but only part of it. Otherwise, if the entire mycelium is removed, next year there will be no more mushrooms in this place. The soil layer is carefully transported to the dacha or garden plot. In order for planting material to take root successfully, favorable conditions must be created. We need to select and prepare the area. After determining the location, a layer of wood or straw is laid on the soil. Then the mycelium is placed in the substrate and covered again with straw. If the planting was successful, then within a month it is possible to get the first harvest.
Transfer of an old stump or tree bark affected by mycelium. When transporting an old stump or log, you can bring along with the desired colony not only conditionally edible ones, but also poisonous ones. If there is already an old tree in the garden, you can try to populate it. To do this, you need to make a hole inside the trunk and plant mycelium into it. Active watering is recommended. The result will not keep you waiting long. The same process can be done with old stumps existing on the site. But there is one catch: the stump from which the mycelium was taken and the rotten residue from the tree where they are going to move must be of the same species. Otherwise, extra effort and hope will be wasted, and the mycelium will simply be damaged.

Germination using spores. Planting material can be brought from the forest. You need to collect old overripe mushrooms along with their caps. At home, they should be thoroughly gutted and scattered over the required area. Moisten the populated area well. This method involves creating conditions close to those in the forest. Should be located away from berries and vegetables.

By diluting a special solution. Overripe mushrooms brought from the forest are crushed into dust. Add 1 spoon of flour and gelatin powder to the gunpowder. Afterwards, water is added to the batch, which needs to be poured over the prepared area under the trees. Over time, the spores activate growth and form a fungal root. Within 2 seasons, the mycelium reaches the required size and begins to bear fruit abundantly.

Oyster mushrooms are fast-growing and abundantly fruiting mushrooms. Before planting the mycelium, prepare the room: garage, cellar, basement. It is recommended to disinfect it with a lime solution (4%) and close it for up to 2 days. After the allotted time has passed, you should ventilate so that there is no smell left. There should be two such rooms: germination and plant.

The second stage is soil preparation. It is made from corn cobs, sunflower seed husks, tree sawdust, cereal grains or straw. You can use one type of compost or combine them with each other.

Soil preparation procedure:

moisten the mixture with warm water
leave to swell for 30 minutes
drain the liquid, squeeze out the substrate composition
pour boiling water for 7 hours, pressing down with pressure on top
After the time has passed, drain the water and squeeze out the humus
add urea, young limestone, superphosphate and gypsum to the resulting composition

Moist prepared soil is poured into plastic bags. Small holes are made in them through which young mushrooms will grow. The diameter of the holes is up to 2 cm, the distance between each of them is up to 20 cm.

The soil must be placed in bags in a certain order.

Initially, fill the substrate to 15-20 cm. In the next layer, carefully spread out the layer of mycelium so that it fills the space by 2/3. The bag is now tied and transported to the germination room. It is recommended to either hang the bags or lay them out in rows. The temperature in the preparatory room should not exceed +24 C, and in bags - up to +28 C. High humidity is recommended - up to 95%. No lighting required.

The germinating myceliums are periodically ventilated. As soon as the process of mycelium formation has begun, the containers should be immediately transferred to the plant room. Main room Be sure to frequently fill with fresh oxygen. Humidity remains at the same level as in the previous room. The temperature is reduced to +12+18 C.

Sprayers or small tubs of water should be distributed throughout the premises to evaporate the water. Conventional fluorescent lamps are used. 12 hours is how much daylight should last. When the growth of the mycelium is activated, the first small mushrooms begin to sprout; the holes need to be expanded. You can cut the first crop on the eighth day after the first shoots appear.

How to grow champignons

Champignons love places with high humidity and a lot of nutritious organic matter. Mushrooms practically do not need sunlight. They are not capricious and happily grow in orchards.

If this is not the case, then you can do it yourself. Take 50 kg of either cow or horse manure, 12 kg of gypsum and lime, as well as 20 kg of straw, mix everything and. You can add food waste to the recommended composition. The entire mixture is compacted tightly and irrigated with water. It is necessary to cover with plastic wrap and leave for 2-3 weeks until the ammonia smell disappears.

After 3 weeks, you can prepare a place to accommodate the young family. A trench is dug in width - the size of the mycelium, and no more than 30 cm in depth. The dug strip is filled with prepared substrate and watered abundantly. The main thing left is to add the mycelium. Planting material can be bought in a special store or found in nature.

If you decide to bring a family of champignons from the forest, then you need to know the edible species:

Field
Garden
White
Double ring

A colony brought from the forest or purchased is placed in a prepared trench, covered with straw on top. Planting activities need to be done when the outside temperature reaches +20 C.

In addition to planting the finished mycelium, you can collect ripe specimens and crush them in the required area. The place is watered abundantly by irrigation. You should not allow the soil to be compacted in this area, as emerging spores may die and all efforts will be in vain. Germination of young plant specimens will not take much time. In just 2 months, the gardener will enjoy his first harvest.

You can plant porcini mushrooms using several methods: transplanting, planting finished material and seedlings. The planting period is from May to October. In addition, planting work should be done only after sunset.

When planting, you should carefully follow all the technology:

The dug out mycelium should be placed in a place where coniferous or deciduous trees and shrubs grow. It is necessary to plant in the roots of the same tree from which the family was dug up.
For successful germination, it is recommended to prepare the soil. In front of the selected tree, dig out a 30 cm layer of earth 0.5 m away. Place fallen leaves, sawdust or tree dust at the bottom of the hole. Sprinkle soil on top, on which the brought layer with ready-made spores is laid out. After the procedure, irrigate and throw leaves on top. In the first 2-3 weeks of dry weather, water thoroughly.

The second method is planting finished material:

Before planting purchased mycelium, it is recommended to choose a place under a tree in a humid environment.
Stepping back 70 cm from the tree, remove the top layer of 50 cm.
Place the pre-prepared mixture of sawdust, leaves and soil at the bottom of the hole, 20 cm deep. Pour a 10 cm layer of soil on top.
Compost is applied next, and then a mycelium is placed, sprinkled with soil and leaves.
Under favorable planting and rooting conditions, the planted family can bear fruit as early as next year.

More information can be found in the video:

The last method is to plant seedlings:

The caps of porcini mushrooms brought from the forest are finely chopped and grated on a grater or meat grinder. The resulting slurry is filled with liquid and infused for less than 24 hours. While the seedlings are being prepared, you should choose a location.
Dig up the soil under a certain trunk.
To increase soil fertility, feed with compost.
After the specified time has passed, the infusion of ground material is poured evenly onto the prepared area. This place should be covered with leaves.

Porcini mushroom is picky. It should not be planted next to and. All efforts will be in vain; the mushrooms will not take root.

Today you can pick mushrooms not only in the forest, but also in your own garden. At the same time, according to taste and quality characteristics such a product is in no way inferior to its “wild” counterpart. Grown in your own garden, homemade mushrooms are more environmentally friendly and practically resistant to the harmful effects of insects. Breeding the delicacy is not difficult. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for their transfer and adaptation to the soil, including natural mycorrhiza - a symbiotic association (coexistence) of the mycelium of an organism with other plants. What other nuances do you need to know when cultivating mushrooms with your own hands?

Almost any fruiting bodies can be grown in the country house and in the garden. At the same time, due to the lack of a vegetative period for mushrooms, they can be grown all year round except winter. But in order for home cultivation of mushrooms to be successful, it is necessary to properly organize a new environment and growing conditions for them. First of all, we're talking about about the choice of place for planting fruiting bodies, the quality of the soil and the presence of tree varieties similar to the forest microclimate - pine, spruce, aspen, birch, oak. This allows the mycelium to seamlessly connect with the root system of the plant, fully feed and utilize excess moisture.

The most successful options for growing edible forest mushrooms on a personal plot are:

oyster mushrooms;
milk mushrooms;
Polish mushrooms;
boletuses or redheads;
porcini mushrooms or porcini mushrooms;
boletus;
yellow chanterelles;
boletus;
flywheels chestnut or brown mushrooms;
russula-dewlaps;
saffron milk caps;
honey mushrooms;
Champignon.

Exotic types of fruiting bodies, such as truffles, also lend themselves well to cultivation in the country. The method of cultivating mushrooms is almost the same, with the exception of the individual varietal characteristics of the product.

Growing technology

If mushrooms are planted correctly and favorable conditions their growth, the first harvest can be expected within 1–2 months for champignons, or next year for porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms and other species. The duration of fruiting of the mycelium is from 3 to 5 years. At the same time, from 1 m² the amount of harvest reaches from 2 to 4 kg.

Breeding methods

To cultivate forest mushrooms in the garden, several methods are used that are ideal both for the purpose of obtaining seedlings and tubers, and for direct cultivation of mushroom plantations.

Forest mycelium dive

For planting, it is necessary to deliver carefully dug mycelium to the site from the forest. The rhizome should be handled very carefully, making sure that the soil in it is not shaken and the vegetative body is not deformed. Before planting, the soil must be specially prepared. To do this, it is necessary to remove 30–40 cm of the top layer of soil and lay compost at the bottom of the resulting small pit. After which the mycelium can be placed at the planting site. Upon completion, the fruiting body should be watered and covered with a layer of fallen leaves. For better growth of mushrooms, the place where they are transplanted should coincide with the previous environment. That is, correspond to the same tree as the mother one.

Germination through mycelium

Represents the most popular method of growing mushrooms. It is produced in granular form and sold in garden stores. The soil is carefully prepared for planting mycelium. A place for mushrooms is selected in a shady and humid area of the site, at a distance of about 60 cm from the tree with which the fruiting body will subsequently come into contact. The total sown area of the mycelium is determined by its quantity in the package.

Preparation of the substrate includes the creation of a special substrate from pine needles, dust, sawdust and leaves, which are placed on the bottom of a previously prepared hole, up to 50 cm deep. The mycelium is mixed with soil and a growth stimulator, after which the resulting mixture is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate and covered with soil. The bed is carefully watered and covered with fallen leaves. An alternative to natural compost can be a ready-made mushroom substrate.

This method of planting mycelium requires regular loosening of the area and compliance with the watering regime. It is very important to prevent the soil from drying out, so in dry seasons drip irrigation of the mycelium is allowed. If all work is carried out correctly, the result in the form of the first harvest can be observed as early as next year, and the mycelium will bear fruit for at least 2 years.

Reproduction through mushroom seedlings (solution)

Simple and affordable way cultivation of forest mushrooms. The seeding mixture is prepared from mushroom pieces and caps finely ground in a meat grinder, which, after grinding, must be left in water for a day. The substance is placed in a bed fertilized with compost, after which it is covered with a layer of earth and leaves.

Growing by spores

The simplest method. It consists of dispersing fungal spores throughout the area. To do this, overripe fruiting bodies collected in the forest are crushed into crumbs or small pieces and scattered throughout the garden. The sowing area itself is well moistened. The method is very effective, as it allows you to create conditions as close as possible to forest conditions. But you should be careful and place mushroom zones away from garden crops.

If there are no forest trees on the plot, fruiting bodies can be planted on the shady side of wooden buildings. Special attention should be given to the mycelium in the cold season, protecting it with roofing material or polyethylene.

To ensure that your hard work bears fruit and the efficiency of cultivating edible forest mushrooms is maximized, adhere to the following recommendations:

It is better to collect young fruiting bodies for sowing without cutting off the stalk, but by removing them entirely from the ground with roots.
When choosing mushrooms for further cultivation, pay attention to the mother tree under which they grow.
The mushrooms collected must be healthy.
To make the mycelium take root better, you can add a little alcohol (4 tablespoons per bucket) or sugar (45–50 g) to the aqueous solution with mushrooms.
Process collected mushrooms no later than 10 hours after they are collected. Sowing the material should be done the next day. Only fresh fruiting bodies are cultivated; frozen mushrooms are not suitable for cultivation.
Before planting, it is necessary to clean the soil prepared for mycelium from pathogenic microflora, disinfecting it with a disinfectant solution based on oak bark or black tea.
The mycelium should be planted at a distance of about 0.5 m from the trees.
To avoid drying out of the mycelium, the planting site should be chosen in the shade with a high humidity coefficient.