Essay: Images of case people in the stories of Anton Chekhov. Images of case people in the stories of A.P.
In his stories, A.P. Chekhov constantly addresses the theme “ little man" Chekhov's characters are spiritual slaves of a society deprived highest values and the meaning of life. A painful, everyday, gray reality surrounds these people. They are isolated in a little world that they have created for themselves.
This theme unites the so-called little trilogy, written by Chekhov in the late 1890s. and consisting of three stories: “Man in a Case”, “Gooseberry”, “About Love”.
The hero of the first story is a teacher Greek language Belikov. This is a closed person with petty, insignificant aspirations. He is afraid of life and seeks to hide from it in his own little world, closed from prying eyes. He hides not only his things in a case, but also himself, his thoughts and feelings, constantly repeating: “No matter what happens.” Belikov does not try in any way to change the course of his life, because in any possibility of diversity, something new and not limited by rigid boundaries, uncertainty was hidden for him. This gave him an irresistible desire to surround himself with a “shell”, a “case” in order to protect himself from the world around him. All his life, Belikov himself feared something and instilled fear in those around him; under his influence, life in the city froze. Therefore, only after death his face took on a simple, pleasant, meek expression: he had finally found an eternal case from which he no longer had to leave. Death reconciles him with the surrounding reality, but can no longer rid the city of Belikovism. “Belikov was buried, but how many more such people are left in the case, how many more will there be!” - writes Chekhov.
The image of a man in a case is given by Chekhov in a grotesque form. The name Belikov has become a household name; it means the insignificance of the soul and mind, fear of the new and bold, the suppression of everything human.
The same theme of vulgarity and spiritual poverty is heard in the story “Gooseberry”. His hero, Nikolai Ivanovich Chimsha-Himalayan, reduced all concepts of happiness to one thing - his own little estate with gooseberry bushes, and he spent all his strength, his whole life, on achieving this single goal. All his life he saved, denied himself everything, his life was simply humiliating and pitiful. He could be humiliated over every penny, but finally, his dream came true - he ate his own berries, picked on his own estate, he was happy. “But is this happiness?” – we exclaim together with the author. Is this what a person lives for? The gooseberry in this story becomes the same symbol of an ugly life, subordinated to a petty, absurd goal, as Belikov’s galoshes and umbrella in the story “The Man in a Case.”
The last story of the trilogy - “About Love” - tells how the landowner Alekhine and his beloved woman did not dare to meet their love halfway and abandoned it. This is also a kind of manifestation of “case” life: fear of the unknown, fear of one’s own prejudices. And here Chekhov reveals another reason that gives rise to the vulgarity and lack of spirituality of society - the inability to feel and love. Love is called upon to elevate and ennoble the human soul, and by refusing it, people themselves destroy everything good and bright that is inherent in them by nature.
The theme of the “little man” resonates most acutely in an era when life has lost its meaning, the feeling of insecurity before the authorities is growing in society, and philistinism and philistinism are spreading. That's why Chekhov's stories are so relevant today.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was recognized master short story. In a small work, with bitterness, irony or sarcasm, he ridiculed philistinism, vulgarity, philistinism - everything that disfigures the human soul. Gorky said about Chekhov: “His enemy was vulgarity, and he fought against it all his life.”
Reading Chekhov’s story “The Man in a Case,” you involuntarily ask the question: why does a person strive to limit his freedom, to hide in a cramped, terribly uncomfortable case? An excellent psychologist, Chekhov gives his character a clear and precise description. What is a small, worthless man, a Greek teacher Belikov, like? Belikov evokes pity and surprise. His life is essentially empty and meaningless; he has never said a single word to anyone in his entire life. kind words. He tries to comply with all possible rules that limit his personal freedom. He is like a snail trying to hide in its shell. The author gives excellent characteristics to his hero: “And Belikov also tried to hide his thought in a case. The only things that were clear to him were circulars and newspaper articles in which something was prohibited.”
At first glance, Belikov can only cause disgust in any normal person. But, oddly enough, it was this worthless, insignificant little man who kept the entire gymnasium in fear. Belikov is soulless, he lives in his own closed world. And the worst thing is that he would like everyone around him to live exactly the same way. It is no coincidence that he is constantly cautious. He resists the real, bright life that he has never known, and therefore experiences an indescribable fear of it.
Belikov does not love or respect anyone. With his phrase “No matter what happens,” he instills fear and sows despondency in the souls of others. And he lost his soul a long time ago. He ruined himself with his passion for prohibitions and restrictions, deprived himself of everything living, bright, beautiful, that is, the best that a person can have.
Belikov is cruel and merciless. He does not have the necessary power to subjugate people. But nevertheless, it has a huge impact on their lives. There is a remarkable phrase that shows the whole tragedy of “Belikov’s” influence on the people around him: “Under the influence of people like Belikov, over the past ten to fifteen years in our city they have become afraid of everything. They are afraid to speak loudly, send letters, make acquaintances, are afraid to help the poor, teach them to read and write...” And this is truly scary. It is scary that worthless, empty and useless people enslave others.
“Case” people not only turn their lives into a real hell. They strive to make the lives of those around them exactly the same. Will Belikov and others like him tolerate having joy, light, and music all around? Of course no. He would like everyone to hide in their own case and spend their whole lives in it.
Why does the image of Belikov cause such disgust? Yes, because his behavior contradicts the desire for freedom, and
this is the most important thing a person has. The desire for freedom elevates the soul, awakens talent, the desire to rejoice, create, and do good. And the “case” turns a person into a slave, who is always afraid of everything, considers himself and others to be a real nonentity.
However, Belikov is not eternal and not omnipotent. He dies in a collision with real life, bright, full-blooded, fresh, which I had never known and was very afraid of. What is characteristic to a normal person- to laugh sincerely turned out to be completely unbearable for Belikov. He dies, but, unfortunately, his death is an isolated episode. And how many of these “case” people are left...
In the story “Fat and Thin,” the fat man, who has risen to the rank of “secret” and has two stars, is far from thinking that his former classmate should indulge in “Chinese ceremonies” in front of him. But the news of the fat man’s rank instantly transforms the thin one: “the gracious attention of your Excellency is like life-giving moisture”... The thin one, in essence, is the same “man in a case”, accustomed to living according to circulars and rules. He does not find the courage to leave the case, despite the fact that his stay there does not bring him anything good.
The boundaries of a tight case have a detrimental effect on a person. But a “case” person harms not only himself. It is enough to be near him to fall under his influence. It’s good if you find the strength in yourself, like the gymnasium teacher Mikhail Savvich Kovalenko, who lowered the “man in a case” from the stairs. Otherwise, you will have to gradually find in yourself more and more new features that are characteristic only of them, “case people.”
- a writer who was very observant in his time. This quality of his made it possible to reveal everything human vices which the author revealed in his works. So in his stories the writer touched upon philosophical and moral problems, among which are the problems of the case of social life. Chekhov revealed these questions in his works About Love, Gooseberry, as well as in the story The Man in a Case, which we will write about today.
Chekhov's trilogy The Man in a Case is one of his famous works that reveals the narrowness human soul. Here the author denounces the desire to subordinate one’s life to established laws, some norms and rules. At the same time, we see that people living in a case do not even notice how their life flies in vain, considering their life in a case to be ideal.
What is case and what does the writer mean by the concept? case life? As for me, caseness is the internal slavery of the human soul. This is submission to restrictions, adherence to rules that do not allow one to open up. human feelings, which does not provide the opportunity to spiritually develop and enrich oneself. This is compliance with rules and laws that interfere with freedom of personal relationships. Caseiness is closure. Belikov is exactly such a person - main character Chekhov's story. Already in his appearance we see all his unusualness, because he, like in that case, tries to hide all the time. He constantly wears glasses, an umbrella, a coat, as if hiding from the world, while all his objects, including watches, glasses, the same umbrella, are also in their cases and covers.
This is a person who cannot accept reality in any way, and here the problem of the fragility of life can be argued, because Belikov constantly praises the past, he constantly praises what has never happened and will never happen. He is afraid of the present.
The problem of the case of life
The hero of the story obeys the rules, he understands only those articles that are published in newspapers where there are prohibitions, he does not accept other information, especially if there are any permissions there. What’s worst is that the character has not only driven himself into a framework, he is also trying to influence those around him, trying to subordinate them to his rules.
Belikov is tense, his inner world is full of fears, he is not sure. All this prevents Belikov from living fully and enjoying all the delights of life. It is very difficult to live for people like Belikov, who takes any difficulty in life painfully. Such people are not happy. By driving themselves into boundaries, they destroy themselves morally.
The hero of the story dies, unable to withstand moral humiliation in the eyes of his beloved, dies from internal fear of something new. He left for another world because he was tired of life with its threats and constant worries about the correctness of actions. Only in the coffin did his facial features acquire a certain cheerful expression, and he found peace. As Chekhov writes, the hero was glad to be in a case in which he would remain forever.
They buried Belikov all together, and the teachers hoped that with the death of the hero freedom would come to them, but days passed and life flowed in its usual direction. Everything is just as stupid, harsh and tiresome, and all because the hero was buried, but there are still a lot of people like him left. People who live a case life. Case people exist in our time, which means that Chekhov’s story “The Man in a Case” is still relevant today.
1. “Case” theme in Chekhov’s works.
2. “Man in a Case.”
3. Lifestyle of teacher Belikov.
The artistic world of A. P. Chekhov’s works is populated various heroes, united by the writer’s interest in everyday life, everyday trifles, and familiar everyday life. The author is interested in the life of an official. He studies the lifestyle of his hero and tries to artistically rethink it. Chekhov's gallery of officials includes various representatives: among them there are even opposites - both opportunists and dreamers. The daily routine is their constant, familiar way of life. The main thing that unites them is the apt name “man in a case.” For Chekhov, life is “in a case” - actual topic, he opposes the indifference and shallowness of people who have withdrawn into themselves and remain there complacently and well-fed, enjoying their happiness. According to the author, a person cannot be content with just this, but must strive for something more.
In the stories “Man in a Case”, “Gooseberry”, “About Love” the reader sees that caseness is a consequence of the influence of the environment, social order. In the story “Gooseberry,” the hero Nikolai Ivanovich Chim-sha-Himalayan also closes himself in a case, dreaming only of an estate in which gooseberries grow. The heroes of the story “About Love”, Alekhine and Anna Alekseevna, are enclosed in a case of fear of new life. In the story “Chameleon,” the police warden Ochu-melov is also in the case. The story “Ionych” is an excellent illustration of how people withdraw into the box of their interests. For “Darling” by Olenka Plemyannikova, love became the case. A person whose soul is locked in a case is a hero with stereotypical behavior who wants to build his life according to a certain pattern. He has his own world, the best, much better than what surrounds him. Such is the hero of the story “The Man in a Case,” the Greek teacher Belikov. What is this person like? He always wears galoshes, with an umbrella and a warm coat with cotton wool, clothes surround him like a cover, and in the cover he always carries an umbrella, a watch and a penknife. Belikov hides his face in his collar, like in a cover. “This man had a constant and irresistible desire to surround himself with a shell, to create for himself, so to speak, a case that would seclude him and protect him from external influences. Reality irritated him, frightened him, kept him in constant anxiety, and, perhaps, in order to justify this timidity of his, his aversion to the present, he always praised the past and what never happened; and the ancient languages that he taught were for him, in essence, the same galoshes and an umbrella where he hid from real life,” this is how the author characterizes Belikov. The teacher covered his eyes with glasses and his ears with cotton wool. At home he was surrounded by shutters and latches, and in the bedroom, which looked like a box, there was a bed with a curtain, in which the teacher always hid his head and was still afraid.
The heroes of the story mention in conversation that this phenomenon, when people try to retreat into their shell, like a snail or a hermit crab, is not uncommon - and the headman’s wife, Mavra, has never been anywhere, and “for the last ten years... she only came out at night outside". What it is - heredity or a character trait - the heroes cannot decide. The author, through the narrator Burkina, expresses his opinion - such people are driven by fear of life. His thoughts are also limited by the confines of the case. “No matter what happens” - this is the leitmotif of the life of the suspicious and overly cautious Belikov. He tended to perceive only prohibitions as a guide to action. The permission always seemed suspicious to him.
It is surprising that the teacher, who was afraid of his superiors and those around him, a rather quiet person, kept the gymnasium in fear for fifteen years, looking out for violations everywhere. Colleagues felt enormous pressure from this small, quiet man as he sighed, whined about violating circulars, and voiced concerns. The strange ritual of “maintaining good relations with comrades” frightened the teachers and the director more - in the silent presence of Belikov, everyone had the opinion that he was looking out for something, for example, whether there were any violations at home by the owners. It got to the point that his influence spread not only to the gymnasium, but to the entire city. People sought to prevent what could, in Belikov’s opinion, be prohibited. Hyperbolizing reality, the author shows a picture of the hero’s distorted, inferior lifestyle - after all, there are no joys in his life, no freedom from himself, from the conventions with which the Greek teacher surrounded himself. Moreover, we also see the hero’s detrimental influence on those around him. Chekhov criticizes such traits social order, as a rejection of enlightenment and encouragement of gossip and denunciation.
The hero is so accustomed to his eternal case that when he is given the opportunity to change his life, to get married, he withdraws into himself more and more. His bride Varenka is open, lively, freely and loudly expressing her emotions. Belikov began to fear that he would get married and get into some kind of trouble with her: “... I’m afraid: she and her brother have some strange way of thinking, they reason somehow, you know, strangely, and their character is very lively.” . Varenka's brother, Mikhail Kovalenko, could not stand Belikov. This is the only hero who calls a spade a spade: the Greek teacher is a fiscal, “look at the spider,” and the gymnasium turned into a deanery council; and it “smells like a police box.”
While Belikov was thinking about marriage and weighing his future duties and responsibilities, an event occurred that changed his intentions. They distributed a caricature of a couple called “anthropos in love,” and in addition, Belikov was amazed by the sight of Varenka on a bicycle. He believed that it was indecent for women to behave this way. Having come to the bride’s brother to assure him that he did not give rise to such a caricature, Belikov begins to lecture him that it is indecent for a gymnasium teacher to behave like this, because it can reach the director and the trustee. Mikhail has a different opinion: he doesn’t like people to interfere in his household affairs, and says that no one cares about them riding a bicycle. The cautious Belikov sees this as disrespect for the authorities and says that he will be forced to tell the director about the conversation. Kovalenko, a visiting person, does what no one has done before: he says directly that fair man and doesn’t want to talk to Belikov, because he doesn’t like fiscals, and takes him down the stairs. Downstairs, Varenka greets the teacher with a booming laugh. The marriage is cancelled.
Since then, Belikov closed himself even more tightly in his case, and a month later he died, having found his eternal case, having achieved the ideal: “when he lay in the coffin, his expression was meek, pleasant, even cheerful, as if he was glad that he was finally put it in a case from which it will never come out.”
The narrator expresses the author's thoughts: burying people like the Greek teacher - great pleasure. A team of teachers from two gymnasiums and a seminary returned from the cemetery with a feeling of freedom, but after that it did not get better, because there was more than one “man in a case” in the world. One of characters, Ivan Ivanovich, says: “We live in the city in a stuffy, cramped environment, we write unnecessary papers, play vint - isn’t this a case? And the fact that we spend our whole lives among idle people, litigious people, stupid, idle women, talking and listening to all sorts of nonsense - isn’t this a case?” Having to live among those who lie and not daring to tell the truth, lying oneself and suffering humiliation because of one’s rank - these are the signs of a time marked by universal fear. The author shows that this phenomenon is not the norm of life, but an ugly deviation from it. In the blind zeal of performing bureaucratic service, the hero closes himself in a case - this, according to Chekhov, is the inevitable influence of the social system.
The “case” life of A. P. Chekhov’s heroes
Municipal educational institution
Zhana-Duninskaya main comprehensive school
Karasuksky district, Novosibirsk region
The “case” life of A.P. Chekhov’s heroes
Doszhanova Aigul Bazarbaevna-
teacher of Russian language and literature
Creativity of A.P. Chekhov remains in demand for many decades. His works are actively included in spiritual world reader, enriching him with ideological, moral, aesthetic values necessary for the formation of a harmonious personality. Chekhov touched on many relevant topics in his stories, novels, and plays. Topic case man can rightfully be considered a cross-cutting theme in the writer’s work.
Chekhov's works are special. At external simplicity they are fraught with many difficulties to read.
When studying the work of A.P. Chekhov, I consider the goal of my work to be: developing in students the ability to see the author’s creative concept in the laconicism of Chekhov’s stories.
IN practical activities I am trying to solve the following problems:
Show artistic skill stories by A.P. Chekhov;
Develop students' ability to analyze a work of art;
Identify the most effective forms and techniques for working on a story.
Creativity of A.P. Chekhov - creativity of the small genre. IN AND. Kuleshov notes that A.P. Chekhov "managed to achieve high skill, to reveal the serious in a small form.”
Subject creative exploration is for the writer the complex and contradictory world of the human soul. In short stories, he reproduces the stories of entire lives of people, changing them inner world. Using contemporary material, he poses problems of great universal significance, having a universal meaning that lasts for a long time. In his early humorous stories, A.P. Chekhov considered different types“false ideas” - stereotypical life patterns of behavior, standards by which a person’s entire life is built. For such a phenomenon, the author found the exact word - “case”. This is what allows the heroes of stories to build their lives according to a certain pattern, to have a single answer to all the various questions of life.
At the end of the 90s, A.P. Chekhov created the so-called “little trilogy”, combining three stories: “The Man in a Case”, “Gooseberry”, “About Love”. These stories are related common theme, the theme of rejection of the case, whatever it may be.
The works are devoted to the study of three main aspects public life: in the area of power – “Man in a Case”, in the area of property – “Gooseberry”, in the area of family – “About Love”. The stories are a refutation of the foundations of the existing social system in Russia.
The Greek teacher Belikov in the story “The Man in a Case” is a household image; he personifies social phenomenon, called “Belikovism”. Belikov lived and thought “casewise,” that is, according to official models, fearing to deviate from the rules, he condemned everything new, saying “. no matter what happens." Belikov’s case-ness was also evident externally: he constantly walked around in galoshes, always under an umbrella, wearing dark glasses, in a “warm coat with cotton wool”, with a raised collar, as if he wanted to hide, surround himself with a shell, create a case for himself that would protect him from the outside. peace. Reality irritated him, frightened him, and kept him in constant anxiety. And to overcome his aversion to the present, he always praised the past. Caseness is gaining strength, the way of thinking becomes case-like. He cut himself off from living life. The figure of Belikov is pathetic, vulnerable and ominous at the same time. Life gave him the opportunity to open up by marrying Varenka Kovalenko. The hero instead went even deeper into the “case”. He could not stand the contact with “living” life and died, finally achieving, according to the author’s ironic remark, “his ideal.” He found himself in a case from which he would never come out.
The story “Gooseberry” begins with a description of the expanses of Russia that a person needs in order to demonstrate all the properties and characteristics of his free spirit. In contrast to these thoughts, the story of the old veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich about the fate of his brother Nikolai sounds. This new option“case” existence, when all a person’s thoughts are focused on property, his whole life is spent on acquiring an estate with a vegetable garden in which gooseberries grow.
In the story “About Love” a living, sincere, mysterious feeling is destroyed by itself loving hearts, committed to a “case” existence. They are afraid of everything that could reveal their secret to themselves. The heroine is afraid to leave her family - her “case”, the hero is not sure what he can offer her decent life. And only when separation came, he realized how small everything was that prevented them from loving.
People of the “little trilogy” understand a lot. They realized the hopeless dead end of the “case life”. But their insights are a little late. Life doesn't change at all.
“Caseness” is a designation of inertia, the inability of an individual to go beyond the limits of the standard and regulations. Showing the inconsistency of all the old foundations of Russian life, A.P. Chekhov does not hide the difficulties that lie in wait for Russia on the path to gaining spiritual freedom. The writer in his works wanted to “depict life truthfully and show how much this life deviates from the norm.” He preferred to explore life not in large and general phenomena, but in particular expressions, in the sphere of everyday life. In this way, he expanded the possibilities of realism, raising small and, at first glance, unimportant topics to the level of large and deeply significant ones.
All the stories of A.P. Chekhov evoke a deep emotional response in the reader, because each work is copied from life. One of the properties human life, unfortunately, is a huge, all-consuming vulgarity. This vulgarity does not allow a person to exist in peace; it puts pressure on him, making his whole life unhappy and wretched. Chekhov states that despite all this, some people not only do not try to fight this vulgarity, but also cultivate it in every possible way. In any story by A.P. Chekhov, telling about people who live a “case” life, real, real life triumphs over any of the cases in which they try to enclose it. The works of A.P. Chekhov have not lost and will not lose their relevance. The impossibility of destroying philistinism and vulgarity makes the works of A.P. Chekhov immortal not only in their artistic execution, but also in their social sound.
In the process of studying the stories of A.P. Chekhov, I proceed from some features of the course:
Firstly, small form works. Unlike novels and stories, which are read by students in parts and then analyzed step by step at each lesson, A.P. Chekhov’s stories are read very quickly, and this makes it possible to have a holistic and detailed analysis;
secondly, I try to make students understand that behind humor and external entertainment, there are serious moral issues hidden;
thirdly, Chekhov’s works are so diverse in their themes, in the used artistic details, that often to study them you have to select different techniques.
I study the writer's stories in unbreakable connection with his biography, with certain specific historical conditions, with the formation and development of his worldview. In grades 6-7, I think there is no need to talk about the whole life of A.P. Chekhov, I give a general outline of life, dwelling in more detail only on those stages and facts that are either closer to a teenager (childhood and gymnasium years), or will be specified in analysis of works of art. In 9th grade, I present the biography and work of the writer as fully as possible, and some facts, for example, Chekhov’s personal and creative connections with other writers and contemporary phenomena cultural life are presented by students independently in the form of oral abstracts, reports, presentations, etc.
What kind of progress in the development of the topic can we talk about, judging only by the titles of the works?
"Ward №6"; "Man in a Case"; "Gooseberry"; "My life"
As a result of getting acquainted with the work of A.P. Chekhov, students should understand his place in the historical and literary process, see in A.P. Chekhov an innovative artist who continued in his work the high traditions of Russian realistic art and made him rich.
Work on the works of A.P. Chekhov should awaken in students a keen interest in the writer as a to a wonderful artist words. This can only be achieved by thoughtful expressive reading text, commenting on it. Throughout the lesson, students follow the speech of the characters, learn to find means of expression in the text, and follow the features of Chekhov’s style.
Before reading a work, I draw students’ attention to the title and ask what reader expectations the title evokes in them; and after reading, see if they were justified. Students carefully read the text of the story in order to understand the writer’s position, to identify from all figurative system, from the plot fabric of the story, from hints hidden in the subtext of the author’s attitude towards the depicted.
Here are some of the techniques I use in class:
Read the story, making psychological comments and observing expressive means speeches;
Let us remember the image of Belikov and see what figurative means Do languages work here?
- characterize the character by speech (technique speech characteristics), according to supporting words;
Present and describe appearance character (verbal drawing);
Dramatize an episode of a story
Execute creative work;
Write a small humorous story in the style of Chekhov.
- drawing up a table.
Some students are working on brief description heroes. Others draw parallels between him and Chekhov’s life at the time of writing the work (what events, the influence of the outside world led the writer to thoughts that found a way out in this hero). All together we discuss the attitude of this hero to today. By the end of the lesson, a table is obtained.
Attitude to Chekhov's life
A.A. Artamonova notes that today literature, even if we're talking about about works of art that have become phenomena in world culture is not perceived for the most part young people as “the consciousness of the people, the fruit and flower of their spiritual life.” There are many reasons for this. One of them is that the reader does not find “personal meanings” in the pages of the classics; the content of the book is perceived detachedly and does not evoke an emotional response, movement of the soul and thoughts. The student is distracted from the topic of the lesson, thinks about something of his own and involuntarily begins to move the pen over the paper, sometimes on the desk, some images and symbols appear. This feature is used by psychologists using graphic, color and drawing tests for diagnosis. emotional state, personal characteristics.
In my practice, I use experimenting with color in literature lessons. Searching for the right shade to convey the state of the hero, the theme of the work, and your mood allows you to:
To feel the narrative more deeply, they provide an opportunity to reach a personal level, to “join” students to emotional background lesson;
Diversify teaching methods, introduce an element of novelty, and therefore awaken interest, the engine of cognitive activity;
Create not only audio, but also visual images in the lesson, include the student in creative activity on their creation. These are not illustrations work of art in the traditional sense, and illustrations internal state, the reader’s sensations in the form of color stripes, spots, specific images, plot drawings, which allow not only to diagnose the effectiveness of the lesson for each student, but also to reach a personal level of awareness and self-knowledge;
Contribute to the enrichment of the emotional and sensory sphere of adolescents.
After analyzing the work, I invite students to think about own life, design your future in color. None of them wants to repeat the path of the hero of the story; most often, clear, life-affirming colors are selected. Material well-being no longer seems as attractive as before. It turns out much love is more important, friendship, high goal in life.
The book, written in 1898, becomes important stage in setting priorities, awareness of life among teenagers of the 21st century.
Thus, in order to reveal the theme of “case life” in the stories of A.P. Chekhov, a variety of techniques and forms of work can be used. Of course, all of them should be aimed at one thing: understanding the general concept of the author.
Literature
Artamonova A.A. Working with color in Russian literature lessons // Russian language and literature. - 2001, No. 3;
Internet Library of Alexey Ponomarev www.Library.ru/author/chekhov/index html
Kuleshov V.I. Life and work of A.P. Chekhov. - M. 1986;
Kurdyumova T.F. and others. Literature: Textbook-reader for grade 9: In 2 hours. - M. Education, 2007.
Polotskaya.E.S. Paths Chekhov's heroes. - M. 1983;
Rubchik B.I. The path of spiritual evolution of the main character of the story by A.P. Chekhov as an example of working with color in literature lessons // Literature lessons. - 1998. - No. 11;
Website www.library. ru /2/Lit./sectons to readers" Literary names. A.P. Chekhov.
Website of the Humanitarian Foundation "Chekhov Center" www.anton chekhov.ru
Chekhov A.P. Collected Works. - M. Fiction, T.8. 1969
Chudakov A.P. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. - M. 1987.
