Comparison of Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Open Library - open library of educational information

The novel “Fathers and Sons,” written by I. S. Turgenev in the second half of the 19th century, will never lose its relevance.

The name itself proves this, because contradictions that arise between different generations are quite a common occurrence at any time. And when social differences are added to age differences, the conflict becomes even more sharp character and becomes a socially significant phenomenon.

The main characters of I. Turgenev's work are the commoner Bazarov and the hereditary aristocrats the Kirsanovs. Each of them is distinguished by a special upbringing, way of life, attitude to the world, and is also convinced that it is he who can serve, if not an ideal, then a model modern man. Comparative and Pavel Kirsanov (these are the main antipodes in the novel) allows readers living a century and a half later to form their own idea of ​​the main social forces and features of the development of Russia in the mid-19th century.

Meet the main character

The plot of the action is the arrival in the village, on vacation, young nobleman Arcadia. The father who meets his son looks at his comrade with some surprise - he is very different from the Kirsanovs. Evgeny Bazarov (friend and spiritual teacher of Arkasha) is the son of a simple doctor. Dressed simply - in a long robe with tassels. His big red hands and long hair. And his behavior was special - somewhat cheeky, rude. This was the description given by Nikolai Petrovich at the first meeting.

Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov at that moment were connected by common interests, but as the relations of all the heroes develop, the young people will move further and further away from each other. One of the reasons is the conflict between the young democrat commoner and the already elderly, but retaining sophistication and innate aristocracy, Pavel Petrovich.

Beginning of the confrontation

The appearance of Bazarov at the Kirsanovs was an event that disrupted the peaceful flow of life in the house. Pavel Petrovich immediately disliked his nephew's friend. This is understandable. In contrast to Evgeniy, he loved polish in everything and maintained the order that had developed over the years. With a handsome, well-groomed appearance, in an English suit, with starched collars and impeccable behavior, he was the complete opposite of Bazarov. Their antipathy will begin from the first moment they meet and end in a duel.

Bazarov and Kirsanov Pavel (literature has not yet seen such clashes of generations) helps not only to reveal them inner world and ideological beliefs, but also to get an idea of ​​the peculiarities of the development of society in that period.

Origin, education and social activities

Appearance is the first thing that catches your eye when meeting two completely opposite characters. The more their relationship heats up, the more obvious the stark difference between them becomes.

Bazarov is the son of an impoverished noblewoman and an ordinary doctor. He achieved everything in life through his own labor, not wanting to depend at least to some extent on his parents. This is a man of strong mind and character who decided to devote his life to medicine and science. He didn’t believe in anything and proudly proclaimed himself a nihilist.

Pavel Petrovich, a nobleman for several generations, was raised in a completely different environment. A good education, officer service and universal love - this is what formed the basis of his life. However, his passionate infatuation with Princess R. and his rather quick disappointment (she left him) became the reason for his premature aging and alienation from the world. He lost his taste for life, then settled on his brother's estate and since then led a secluded, useless life.

Thus, the characteristics of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanova helps to understand how different these people were from the beginning.

Ideological contradictions

Such a clear difference in social status could not but affect the relationships of the heroes. If Nikolai Petrovich tried to show leniency towards the guest, even to give in somewhere, his brother immediately showed complete hostility. And the more Bazarov and Kirsanov communicated, the stronger their confrontation became, which first resulted in a fierce argument, and then in a duel. An in-depth analysis of the attitude of a commoner democrat and a hereditary nobleman to public role aristocrats and nihilists, the method of government, the people, nature and art - best characteristic characters.

Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov, in fact, also bore little resemblance to each other - this will become clear at the end of the novel. Therefore, the second tried to convince his friend that he was mistaken regarding Pavel Petrovich and asked him to be more lenient. However, reconciliation between two such different people was impossible, and the duel is proof of this.

What is the essence of the ideological differences between a young commoner and an elderly nobleman?

Attitude to the aristocracy

The first controversial point for them was the question of what was the role of the nobility in state structure and general way of life.

Pavel Petrovich, who was an aristocrat “to the core,” argued that they were the main driving force any development, and this right was given to them by birth. And the ideal of any state is a monarchy and liberal reforms leading to progress.

This point of view caused bitterness in the opponent, the main reason for which he explained by the complete inability of aristocrats to act and, as a consequence, their uselessness for any society. Proof of this was Kirsanov himself, who spent his life idly in the village.

Nihilists - who are they?

This is not the end of their disputes, which act as a comparative characteristic. Bazarov and Kirsanov were also interested in other questions.

So, after discussing the role of the aristocracy, they could not help but move on to discussing the activities of the nihilists, during which the phrase “he does not believe in anything,” uttered earlier by Arkady, is somewhat corrected by Bazarov. He calls himself a person who accepts only what can be useful. IN this moment such for him were science and medicine, and the established views on life, monarchy and serfdom, religion were absolutely rejected, since they led to stagnation. For Kirsanov, nihilists were people who only caused irritation with their impudence and lack of faith.

An aristocrat and a nihilist are two completely different generations, which is convincingly proven by the comparative characteristics of Bazarov and Kirsanov.

Assessing the role of art in human life

The heroes also express their attitude towards culture in fierce debates, especially since for Pavel Petrovich this was an attempt to defeat the “everything-denying” Bazarov. Here they appear as complete antipodes. The first is a romantic, whose life was spent at balls and in entertainment. It is no coincidence that he defends poetry, music, love (although at the same time the author shows the emptiness of his reasoning). The second was brought up by work, so for him all this is stupidity, distracting from the real matter (in this Turgenev condemns his hero, proving the inconsistency of such views with Bazarov’s love for Odintsova).

Comparative characteristics of Bazarov and Kirsanov - conclusions

The novel “Fathers and Sons” was an innovative work, since it depicted not just representatives of the older and younger generations, but also completely different socio-political forces that played an important role in the development of Russia.

A comparative description of Bazarov and Kirsanov makes it clear that both of them were extraordinary personalities, the best representatives (and this was emphasized by the author himself) of the nobles and commoners. In some ways they were right, in others they were wrong - this is not so important. The main thing is that both of them contributed to the development of the country. And I. S. Turgenev managed to capture and convey in his novel an important moment when a change of generations occurs and begins new stage in the development of society.

Speaking about the plan and purpose of his future work, Turgenev

admitted: “I was embarrassed by the following fact: not a single work

in our literature I didn’t even find a hint of what I imagined

everywhere." The merit of the writer is that he is the first in Russia

raised this topic in literature and for the first time tried to create an image

"new man", representative of the commoners. Dual

despite the inconsistency of the image depicted, I believed that

the future opens up with these people. "My whole story is directed

against the aristocracy as an advanced class," he wrote.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" shows the struggle between the worldviews of two

political directions: nobles-liberals and revolutionaries-

Democrats. By contrasting representatives of these directions,

commoner Bazarov and nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov,

the plot of the novel is constructed. Besides this main problem, Turgenev

raises a number of other questions related to moral,

cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the 60s

XIX century. So, the topic of the nobility and its role in life is raised again

society.

According to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force

social development. Their ideal is a constitutional monarchy, and the path

towards the ideal - liberal reforms, openness, progress. According to

Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action, there is no

benefits, in connection with this Bazarov denies the ability of the nobility to lead

Russia to the future. Next question concerns nihilism, the role

nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich considers them powerless

"cynics, impudents and plebeians", they do not respect the people and traditions,

but he consoles himself with the fact that there are few of them. Bazarov weightily remarks: “From

Moscow burned down with a penny candle." What do the nihilists say? Before

In all, the utmost importance of revolutionary actions, in connection with this criterion for

them is of public benefit. Bazarov believes that the people are still dark and

ignorant, he is full of prejudices, but still in spirit he

revolutionary.

Pavel Petrovich is touched by the patriarchal nature of the Russian people, not

understanding it in essence. Considering himself a liberal, he nevertheless

talking to a man, sniffing English cologne. This

an important feature that characterizes him as a person. Drawing conclusions,

we can say that the disputes were not about private issues. Οʜᴎ

concerned the present and future of Russia In all disputes, the last

the word remained with Bazarov.

A compromise between Turgenev’s heroes is impossible, confirmation

This is a duel. main reason, which caused the hatred of the elder

Kirsanov to Bazarov, was that he was unlikely to

admitted even to himself: Bazarov crossed out his whole life.

Pavel Kirsanov believed that he was leading a noble life, that he was worthy

respect. And from Bazarov’s point of view, his life is meaningless.

The difference in the views of the main characters lies in their biography.

Pavel Petrovich - the son of a general, a brilliant officer who squandered

all yours mental strength in pursuit of the woman he loves. When she

died, he left the world, left his career and moved in with his brother to

live your life. He is trying to make changes to his estate and

farm, considers himself a liberal only because there is no

they beat the serfs with a whip, but he is not able to understand the demands

new era, the views of the younger generation are deeply alien to him. ABOUT

We know little about Bazarov's past, but we understand that his path is

the typical path of a common worker. Years of hard work

made him an educated man. He proudly states:

"My grandfather plowed the land." Bazarov's parents are very religious,

their interests are limited. Bazarov raised himself. How many

prejudices, how many habits, ingrained from childhood, should

Evgeniy had to overcome it in order to educate himself. Bazarov is a man

strong in mind and character. Russia knew many such Bazarovs:

after all, both Belinsky, to whose memory the novel is dedicated, and Dobrolyubov

went through a hard life school. The Kirsanov brothers are aristocrats.

Turgenev wrote: “Οʜᴎ the best of the nobles - it is in connection with this that they

chosen by me to prove their inconsistency." Very bitterly,

that their lives are so worthless, although they have

undoubted advantages. Pavel Petrovich very nobly

treats his brother, Fenechka, he is honest, constant in love, understands

art. Nikolai Petrovich, his brother, is a very sensitive person, he

friendly, soft-hearted, fond of music, but his life

monotonous and boring. Bazarov contributes Fresh air to the "family nest"

Kirsanov. Evgeniy appears before us as a new man

generation, ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ replaced the “fathers” who were unable to decide

main problems of the era.

Dobrolyubov wrote about people of the Bazarov type even before the appearance of the image

Bazarov, claiming that they are deciding to “step onto the road

merciless denial to find pure truth." Their ultimate

the goal is "bringing is possible greater benefit to humanity."

The formation of their ideology was not without extremes; they believed

exclusively in science, but it was they who drove progress in Russia.

I would like to finish the essay with the words: The conflict between the “fathers” and

"children" - The key to those continuous changes in which something is looking for

God, Playing with the change of generations.

181. ABOUT IDEAL FASHION AND BELIEFS IN “FATHERS AND CHILDREN” I.S. TURGENEVA

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - a first-class realist artist, one of

the most remarkable Russian writers of the 19th century. The most educated

a man of his era, a humanist, an enemy of slavery and tyranny, he is many things

saw and understood, feeling the big changes brewing in Russia.

His position in the context of the intensified class struggle of the 1970s

years was complex and largely contradictory. Critically evaluating

people of their social circle, noting a number of weaknesses and shortcomings

noble intelligentsia, Turgenev did not share the revolutionary

beliefs of the new generation, he understood that they were right in some way, but

they were alien to him in spirit. He could not accept ideas about the utmost importance

revolution, violent, radical destruction of existing

relations, he “was disgusted by the peasant democracy of Chernyshevsky and

Dobrolyubova." This is the reason for his break with Sovremennik. At the same time

Turgenev retained a deep interest in activities until the end of his life

revolutionary youth, he closely followed all

manifestations of advanced social thought. Characterizing

Turgenev's work, Dobrolyubov wrote that he “quickly guessed

new needs, new ideas introduced into public consciousness."

In 1862, Turgenev wrote the novel "Fathers and Sons" - one of the best

novels, as in fiction

mastery, as well as in depth, breadth and relevance of the main

Topics. This was not a tribute to ideological fashion, Turgenev was honest in the novel

tried to show two forces: the liberal nobility / represented by the brothers

Kirsanovs/ and the camp of revolutionary democrats, represented by

so far alone Bazarov. Turgenev wrote: "My whole story

directed against the aristocracy as an advanced class."

Representatives of the past - "fathers" - are depicted with merciless

;rnost. Οʜᴎ good people, but about these good people won't regret it

Russia. Turgenev is not satisfied with either “fathers” or “children”; the writer is not

fell in love with Bazarov, but recognized his strength, his superiority over others

people, in connection with this he brought him full tribute. In the interpretation

Bazarov was affected by Turgenev's class limitations. Man with

with qualities like Bazarov, he could do a lot, but he is dying,

without doing anything. This reflected Turgenev’s disbelief in the force

commoners, into the ideal of revolutionary democracy. Pisarev in the article

"Bazarov" saw in Turgenev's hero the typical features of a young man

between democratic magazines due to understanding the image of Bazarov

the article by critic Pisarev played the role of strengthening the critical

attitude towards Bazarov on the pages of the Sovremennik magazine. In the second

article, Pisarev changed his view of Bazarov and placed him in

on a par with the hero of Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?” -

Rakhmetov. Turgenev himself said that Bazarov was his “enemy”, to

to whom he feels an involuntary attraction.

The gradualist liberal Turgenev believed that the revolutionary

activities in Russia will not find a response and support among the people. This

He endowed his hero with the same consciousness. Bazarov speaks in front of

death: “Russia needs me... No, apparently I don’t.” This is ideological

Turgenev's delusion. What can we say about ideological fashion and beliefs?

If you compare Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov with Nazarov, you can see

Bazarov is convinced of his positions, but Kirsanov shows off more,

paying tribute to fashion. For all his “liberal antics” and

statements about “love for progress” Pavel Petrovich is conservative,

intolerant and class limited in his views. One detail: he

sniffs cologne when talking to a man because it makes him

"It smells bad". Is this love for one's neighbor? Words by Kirsanov

disagree with the point, he is a liberal, because it is fashionable to be a liberal. A

What's liberal about it? Once a month it relieves a man from

execution? But “if cream is like this, then what is milk like?”

uneducated nobility. Bazarov asks Arkady... seeing

perfumed, impeccably dressed latest fashion/and this is in the village/

Kirsanova: “What kind of archaic phenomenon is this?” Pavel, Petrovich

releases the contemptuous phrase: “Who is this hairy guy?” In front of you

completely different people in upbringing, beliefs, origin.

Bazarov criticizes the idleness of the nobility: “You respect yourself, but sit

with folded hands, what is the use of this?" Bazarov is "a man of action, not

phrases", he has not only a great mind, but also enormous power

will. Bazarov has an important principle - to do what is useful.

Turgenev also shows caricatured characters in the novel - these are Sitnikov and

Kukshina. If for aristocrats it is a tribute to fashion to appear progressive

liberals, then for Sitnikov and Kukshina it is a tribute to fashion to consider themselves

nihilists. Kukshina and Sitnikov seized on nihilism because

that he is fashionable, because looking like a progressive person is very

prestigious. But all their nihilism is petty and ostentatious. Sitnikov shouts:

to whom does he fawn? Bazarov doesn't need much intelligence to

understand that Sitnikov may shout the opposite tomorrow. Kukshina thinks

herself as an advanced, emancipated woman. But Turgenev alone

phrase makes it clear that she is just a stupid, unhappy woman,

who has no children and husband, and she has no choice but to be

"emancipe". In her room "papers, letters, thick numbers of Russians

magazines, for the most part uncut, lying on the dusty

tables", These are empty talkers who "keep their nose to the wind", and if

Before they were just idiots, but now they suddenly became

nihilists. They do not have certain views, their own beliefs, and

when nihilism goes out of fashion, they will certainly give it up. U

Bazarov has his own principles, and he strictly follows them. "I'm nobody's

I don’t share opinions: I have my own,” he says. The problem of “fathers” and

"children", the search for the ideal and meaning of life has always been quite

spicy. Marx called the situation of youth in society a tragedy

younger generation, ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ finds an already formed world and not

always aware of what can change him. Kirsanov in

Bazarove immediately felt the enemy, because he crossed out

his entire “active” life. Bazarov made it clear that the "fathers" did not

capable of solving the main problems of the era. Now the controversy continues

about the novel and does not lose interest in it, because society

divided by conviction into two forces: the camp of democrats, who

ready to follow a new path, and the camp of adherents of the idea of ​​socialism,

which did not justify itself. Who is the future of the country? It seems to me that for now

a person will not be spiritually reborn, neither democrats nor

conservatives to pull Russia out of the abyss. In a dispute with Dobrolyubov

and Chernyshevsky, Turgenev and Leo Tolstoy were right. None

a violent revolution will not change the life of the people. Not yet

moral perfection. And life has proven this undeniably.

182. BAZAROV - A TRAGIC FACE (Based on Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”)

In Russian literature there are a number of names without which we cannot

imagine the existence of the entire national culture. These

names are known to everyone, because when we hear them, we

clear associations arise with the works included in

treasury of world literature, over time, in ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ created

these great people.

One of these great names is Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. His

works cannot be confused with anyone else’s, they contain individuality

as if conveying to us events, new trends in contemporary

life, passing through the prism of one’s own feelings, views on

various problems. In the true masterpieces of Turgenev with great

The characters' characters are revealed with psychological authenticity.

The writer is trying to explain their actions and thoughts. Heroes exist

are not divorced from the surrounding world, they are closely connected with it,

are influenced by it, imbued with newfangled ideas, and

sometimes they are rejected after long searches and mistakes.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" (1862 ᴦ.) appeared after the author's break with

magazine "Sovremennik" in another magazine "Russian Herald". Novel

struggle. Student unrest broke out in St. Petersburg, and

mass arrests. Fires started in the city. The appearance of the novel

caused a storm. Many greeted the novel with hostility. On Turgenev

both of them collapsed, that is, both from the camp of the “children” and from the camp of the “fathers”.

Turgenev wrote to Pauline Viardot: “I tried to imagine the conflict

two generations."

The novel shows new type a leading commoner -

democrat Bazarov, “a man of action, not phrases.” Bazarov - a man from

another world, from a different environment than the writer himself. Turgenev noticed

the emergence of new people calling themselves nihilists. Writer

examines this phenomenon in different aspects. It would seem that both Bazarov and

Arkady Kirsanov and Sitnikov belong to the same category of people,

adhering to certain principles. Οʜᴎ call themselves

it is clear that neither Arkady nor Sitnikov have their own convictions,

This is a temporary hobby for a fashion trend, but nothing more. Turgenev

showed his hero as a loner who understands that their "nihilism"

This is a pathetic imitation strong personality. Turgenev not

neither the “fathers” nor the “children” were satisfied. He could not fall in love with Bazarov, but

recognized his strength and paid him tribute full of respect. Turgenev did not

sympathizes completely with none of his characters.

Representatives of the past (“fathers”) are depicted with merciless

loyalty. Οʜᴎ good people, but these good people will not regret

Bazarov, a man of strong intellect and character, forms the center of the novel.

He is a representative of the new young generation, in his personality

grouped those features that were inherent in the revolutionaries -

because he has no equal and has his own

own beliefs. "I don't support anyone's opinions, I have

their own,” Bazarov declares half-contemptuously. It should be noted that according to his mental

Bazarov's demands are higher than his environment. Passion for sciences,

desire to get to the bottom of things, broad-minded and critical

attitude to reality, self-esteem - that’s

character traits Evgenia Bazarova. Critic Pisarev put

Bazarov is on a par with the hero of Chernyshevsky’s novel, Rakhmetov.

this is where his function ends. He says: "First you need a place

clear, and others will build." Bazarov's views expressed in

disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, close to the views of the leaders

revolutionary democracy, but he differs greatly in some respects from

them. Pisarev wrote that “Bazarovism is a disease of that

time, and she needs to suffer." Bazarov, obsessed with this disease,

is distinguished by a remarkable mind and, as a result, produces a strong

impression on the people around him. "The Pechorins have a will without

knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without will, the Bazarovs have both knowledge and

will, thought and deeds merge into one whole,” wrote Pisarev.

Turgenev's opinion, Bazarov came to life early, he could have done

a lot, but “dies without having done anything.” It also has negative

features, this reflected the class limitations of Turgenev himself.

Bazarov, which, unfortunately, is fair, often denies

things that he does not know or understand. Poetry, in his opinion, is nonsense,

enjoying nature is absurd. Love for Evgeny is just

physiological need. Life makes adjustments to him

views on love. Bazarov suffers deeply after Odintsova’s refusal,

but that doesn't make it any smaller. Human ability is profound

Turgenev considered loving to be a measure of his value as a person. Turgenev

He subjected many of his heroes to the test of love. Bazarov enters

a realm of subtle experiences that he had not previously accepted. From

There is no trace of his confidence left. The passion is completely captivating

hero, but he finds strength in himself, unlike Pavel Petrovich,

break up with a selfish woman, despite the tragedy of it

rupture. Bazarov is capable of deep critical self-analysis and

rethinking past beliefs. And this is his strength. Rejected

he still won a moral victory. After death

Dobrolyubova Turgenev said: “It’s a pity for the lost, wasted

strength." He said the same about Bazarov.

The farewell words of the dying Bazarov contain main meaning

his life ending: “Russia needs me?... No, apparently, I don’t need it...”

The origins of Bazarov’s suffering are the premature appearance, absence

allies, painful loneliness. Turgenev wrote to his friend:

"I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, big, strong, evil figure,

but honest. And yet doomed to death, because she stands in

anticipation of the future..." Such an interpretation fully explains

a solemn chord that completes the story of the “new man”.

Main character"Fathers and Sons" did not know compromises, did not know

egoistic sense of self-preservation. In our time of perestroika

In life one can only look up to this type of personality. Equally important

for us and something else. Bazarov selflessly opposed routine

spiritual stagnation, dreamed of establishing new social

relationships, new culture. Origins, conditions, results of it

the activities were, of course, different. But the idea itself is to remake

the world, the human soul, to breathe into it the living energy of daring - not

may not worry today.

The problems posed by Turgenev in the novel are always relevant.

The conflict between “fathers” and “children” is the key to those continuous changes.

whom God is looking for something, Playing with the change of generations...

The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

Goals : 1.Improve students’ ability to compose comparative characteristics characters. 2. Be able to determine the moral and ideological positions of the characters in the work. 3. Develop students’ thinking, oral speech. 4. Develop students' interest in reading the novel.

Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation “Fathers and Sons”.

During the classes.

Organizational moment .

Report the topic and objectives of the lesson.( On the screen is a portrait of I. S. Turgenev) We continue to study I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” “My whole life is in my writings,” he wrote. Turgenev has a special sense of time. “Our time requires us to capture modernity in its emerging images; You can’t be too late.” In his works he “caught” something new that was just emerging in Russian life. Today in class we will try to answer the questions with you: -What is the meaning of the title of the novel? -How and why is there a dispute between representatives of different generations? Guys, at home you compiled a comparative description of the images of P. P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov.3. Work according to the table.

Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.

Generation conflict... This problem is relevant at all times. — In which works is this problem addressed? (Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, A. Ostrovsky's The Thunderstorm, etc.) In the mid-19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply intensified. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.

—Which of the novel’s heroes oppose each other?

What are these people called? (antipodes)

Antipode - a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)

Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.

— 1. What can you sayabout the origin, social affiliation of the heroes ? P. Kirsanov - nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal-conservative.E. Bazarov -son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, commoner, democrat-nihilist.”

2.Portrait. Bazarov - “tall in a long robe with tassels.” The face is “long and thin, with wide forehead, flat on top, pointed nose down, large green eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns...” He has “naked red hands.”

P. P. Kirsanov- in everything appearance“gloss and panache”, appearance “elegant and thoroughbred”, beautiful hands with long pink nails.

3. Speech — P. P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, and he often distorts Russian words into a foreign manner (principles, etc.)E. Bazarov- speaks simply and artlessly, his speech is common, he often uses sayings and aphorisms. (read from the text)

There are many differences between the heroes, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.

— What are our heroes arguing about?

1. On the attitude towards the nobility

P. Kirsanov . Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in aristocrats. The significance of aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, and that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of self-esteem and self-respect. Their self-respect is important since society is built on the individual

E. Bazarov. The conversation that the aristocracy gave England freedom - “Old Song”, a lot has changed after the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich’s reference cannot serve as an argument. The aristocracy is of no use to anyone; their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting with folded hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocratism is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of everything noble society living at someone else's expense.

2.On the principle of activity of nihilists

Pavel Petrovich stands for the preservation of the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of “everything” in society. He only agrees to go minor changes when combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as his brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals

E. Bazarov . Nihilists act deliberately, based on the principle of usefulness of activity for society. They deny social order, that is, autocracy, religion, this is the meaning of the word “ALL”. Bazarov notes that the freedom that the government is trying to achieve is unlikely to be of any use; This phrase contains a hint of impending reforms. Bazarov does not accept reform as a means of change social status. Denial is perceived by new people as activity, not chatter.

3.About attitude towards the people

P. Kirsanov . The Russian people are patriarchal, they sacredly value traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with a lifestyle in the English way) speak of reactionaryness. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees this as the key to the salvation of society.

E. Bazarov . The situation of the people causes Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas folk life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what will later become the creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like “liberalism” and “progress”. Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the lack of education and superstition of the people. He despises these shortcomings. However, Bazarov sees not only the downtrodden state, but also the discontent of the people.

4.About views on art

P. Kirsanov. New Peredvizhniki artists abandon frozen academic traditions, from blindly following old models, including Raphael. The Peredvizhniki artists, in his opinion, absolutely abandoned traditions. New artists are “powerless and sterile to the point of disgusting.”

E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.”

Who wins in disputes?

Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his “principles” in such a humiliating manner? (We must respect other people's opinions, age..)

5. Attitude towards love. (slide “Scene of E. Bazarov’s declaration of love for A. Odintsova”)

P. P. Kirsanov always enjoyed success with women, and men envied him. He led an active lifestyle, but everything changed instantly when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at a ball and with whom he fell passionately in love. The princess soon lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy and began chasing her all over the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, gray and lost interest in life.

Bazarov treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his entire life on a woman’s love, and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes. Love seemed like a test for Bazarov... Love conquers selfishness, enlightens the world, this feeling turned out to be not physiological, as the hero assumed, this feeling is shocking and traumatic. In words he denied love, but in reality life forced him to admit it.
For Bazarov, such a drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.

6. Lifestyle, interests.

There are differences between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature. From Bazarov’s point of view, “reading Pushkin - Lost time, playing music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is ridiculous.” Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature and music. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul and distracts from business. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov says to Odintsova: “You don’t assume in me artistic meaning“Yes, I really don’t have it in me, but these species could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov tries to debunk ineffective “principles”, does not accept illusory daydreaming, rejecting the achievements of culture (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and perceiving nature in a utilitarian way.Kirsanov and Bazarov each remain with their own opinion. Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession.

7.Attitude towards each other.

Bazarov should not forget about respect for the generation of elders. He crosses out the entire life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.

4. Summing up the lesson.

— Is there a winner in the dispute?

Did the heroes want to find the truth or were they just sorting things out?

Whose side do you think the author is on? (He considers himself to be a generation of “fathers”, trying to convey to us the idea of important role"old people" in the past and present of Russia. It is impossible to deny all the accumulated human experience, art, religion, and the spiritual side of society. The author tried to convey to the reader the idea of ​​​​finding some kind of compromise between generations.

5.Grading.

6. Homework. Analysis last chapters novel. "The Death of Bazarov."

Collection of essays: Comparative characteristics of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov (based on the novel “Fathers and Sons”)

Ivan Sergeevich is our outstanding classic, who created a truthful, unforgettable gallery of images of Russian people. The writer always walked ahead of his time, saw further than his contemporaries, and therefore was often subjected to fierce criticism from both the right and the left. Society did not like the merciless truth with which Turgenev showed his heroes: inactive and empty talkers, stilted and with feigned aristocracy.

The brilliant writer sees the need for changes in Russian society and the reluctance of this society to do something new. Most people are afraid of change, even the slightest change. The writer truthfully and figuratively showed this situation in his novel “Fathers and Sons.”

Bazarov is a representative of the new generation. He doesn’t take anything for granted; he wants to test everything experimentally. There are no recognized authorities for him. He rejects poetry and art as activities that are useless to society.

His opponent in the novel is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, an imposing gentleman, a brilliant aristocrat who puts tradition above all else. Even in the village, Kirsanov is dressed in the latest fashion and demands compliance with all conventions. The appearance of Bazarov, a nihilist, irritates Pavel Petrovich. He immediately stands in opposition to Yevgeny Bazarov. Kirsanov is irritated by Bazarov’s dirty nails, sociability and democracy, his ability to communicate with ordinary people. Behind all this, Kirsanov sees a danger for himself and his class. Bazarov and others like him are shaking the foundations of the society in which Pavel Petrovich is accustomed to living, and he will defend his “world” by all means available to him. No wonder he challenges Bazarov to a duel. Kirsanov does not defend Fenechka and his brother, but the foundations and traditions of the society in which he is accustomed to living.

In a dispute he is often aggressive, he tries to impose his opinion on his interlocutor. Sometimes he is inconsistent in his judgments (while rejecting love, he himself loves deeply and unrequitedly). Respecting and loving her parents, she cannot stand even a few days in her father’s house. Bazarov’s attitude towards nature is very peculiar: “it’s not a workshop, but a workshop, and the person in it is a worker,” he says. Evgeny Vasilyevich is devoid of any romance, often deliberately cultivating pragmatism in himself. He ridicules Nikolai Petrovich's love for music and poetry; Arkady rejects and condemns enthusiasm, but all this seems deliberate, unnatural. Sometimes Bazarov seems to us an artificially invented hero, and not seen in life. He doesn't inspire sympathy with his straightforwardness. His categoricalness and maximalism irritate him. And the ending of the novel convinces us of the inconsistency of the hero’s theory. It is not Bazarov who perishes, but his artificial theory. Or maybe the time has not yet come?

The novel “Fathers and Sons” remains for us a clear example of its time, a mirror reflecting the era with its conflicts and achievements. Reading a novel, we empathize with the characters, disagree with them, enter into arguments, but never remain indifferent, and this is the main merit of the writer.

Turgenev created classic novel, for more than a hundred years, awakening the imagination, the desire to think, look for your path in life, and not remain indifferent. This is the main merit of the novel and the classics in general.