Characteristics showed who can live well in Rus'. Quotes

Girin Ermil Ilyich (Ermila)- one of the most likely candidates for the title of lucky. The real prototype of this character is the peasant A. D. Potanin (1797-1853), who managed by proxy the estate of Countess Orlova, which was called Odoevshchina (after the surnames of the former owners - the Odoevsky princes), and the peasants were baptized into Adovshchina. Potanin became famous for his extraordinary justice. Nekrasovsky Girin became known to his fellow villagers for his honesty even in those five years that he served as a clerk in the office (“A bad conscience is necessary - / A peasant should extort a penny from a peasant”). Under the old Prince Yurlov, he was fired, but then, under the young Prince, he was unanimously elected mayor of Adovshchina. During the seven years of his “reign”, he only once betrayed his soul: “... from the recruiting / He shielded his younger brother Mitri.” But repentance for this offense almost led him to suicide. Only thanks to the intervention of a strong master was it possible to restore justice, and instead of Nenila Vlasyevna’s son, Mitriy went to serve, and “the prince himself takes care of him.” Girin quit his job, rented a mill, “and he became more powerful than ever / Loved by all the people.” When they decided to sell the mill, Girin won the auction, but he did not have the money with him to make a deposit. And then “a miracle happened”: Girin was rescued by the peasants to whom he turned for help, and in half an hour he managed to collect a thousand rubles in the market square.

Girin is driven not by mercantile interest, but by a rebellious spirit: “The mill is not dear to me, / The resentment is great.” And although “he had everything he needed / For happiness: peace, / And money, and honor,” at the moment when the peasants start talking about him (chapter “Happy”), Girin, in connection with the peasant uprising, is in prison. The speech of the narrator, a gray-haired priest, from whom it becomes known about the arrest of the hero, is unexpectedly interrupted by outside interference, and later he himself refuses to continue the story. But behind this omission one can easily guess both the reason for the riot and Girin’s refusal to help in pacifying it.

Saveliy, Holy Russian hero(Part III, Chapter 3).

Savely- the Holy Russian hero, “with a huge gray mane, / Tea, not cut for twenty years, / With a huge beard, / Grandfather looked like a bear.” Once in a fight with a bear, he injured his back, and in his old age it bent. Saveliy’s native village, Korezhina, is located in the wilderness, and therefore the peasants live relatively freely (“The zemstvo police / Haven’t come to us for a year”), although they endure the atrocities of the landowner. The heroism of the Russian peasant lies in patience, but there is a limit to any patience. Savely ends up in Siberia for burying a hated German manager alive. Twenty years of hard labor, an unsuccessful attempt to escape, twenty years of settlement did not shake the rebellious spirit in the hero. Having returned home after the amnesty, he lives with the family of his son, Matryona’s father-in-law. Despite his venerable age (according to revision tales, his grandfather is a hundred years old), he leads an independent life: “He didn’t like families, / didn’t let them into his corner.” When they reproach him for his convict past, he cheerfully replies: “Branded, but not a slave!” Tempered by harsh trades and human cruelty, Savely’s petrified heart could only be melted by Dema’s great-grandson. An accident makes the grandfather the culprit of Demushka's death. His grief is inconsolable, he goes to repentance at the Sand Monastery, tries to beg for forgiveness from the “angry mother.” Having lived one hundred and seven years, before his death he pronounces a terrible sentence on the Russian peasantry: “For men there are three roads: / Tavern, prison and penal servitude, / And for women in Rus' / Three nooses... Climb into any one.” The image of Savely, in addition to folklore, has social and polemical roots. O. I. Komissarov, who saved Alexander II from the assassination attempt on April 4, 1866, was a Kostroma resident, a fellow countryman of I. Susanin. Monarchists saw this parallel as proof of the thesis about the love of the Russian people for kings. To refute this point of view, Nekrasov settled the rebel Savely in the Kostroma province, the original patrimony of the Romanovs, and Matryona catches the similarity between him and the monument to Susanin.

Yakim Nagoy, Ermil Girin, Matryona Timofeevna, Savely - one feels that Nekrasov is looking for a positive hero among the peasants. Of course, Savely deserves special attention, who is able to express his protest and fight against serfdom.. It is important for Nekrasov to show that popular self-awareness is growing, that the death of the “slave” system is inevitable. It is no coincidence that along with the image of Savely the poem presents other rebel heroes: each in their own way rebels against their “masters” Agap Petrov, ataman Kudeyar, a whole fiefdom, which Yermil Girin had to pacify - because of this he ended up in prison.

At the same time, Nekrasov does not simplify or schematize what is happening in real life. No reform could change people's consciousness in just a few years. The author truthfully shows how strong the habit of serfdom is among a certain part of the peasants, who can be called people of the “servile rank”. These images are presented satirically by Nekrasov. The author is both annoyed and funny that slave of Prince Peremetyev licks the plates behind the master, saying that he has a “noble” disease, gout. It's tragicomic that peasant Sidor, sitting in prison, he sends his master a quitrent of alms. By means of satire, Nekrasov expresses his attitude towards people of the “servile rank”, as well as to the main “enemy” of the peasants - the landowners.

“About the exemplary slave - Yakov the Faithful” says in the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World”: “People of the servile rank are / Real dogs sometimes: / The more severe the punishment, / The dearer the Lord is to them.” Yakov was like that until Mr. Polivanov, having coveted his nephew’s bride, forced him into recruiting. The exemplary slave took to drinking, but returned two weeks later, taking pity on the helpless master. However, his enemy was already “torturing him.” Yakov takes Polivanov to visit his sister, halfway turns into the Devil's Ravine, unharnesses the horses and, contrary to the master's fears, does not kill him, but hangs himself, leaving the owner alone with his conscience for the whole night. This method of revenge (“to drag dry misfortune” - to hang oneself in the domain of the offender in order to make him suffer for the rest of his life) was indeed known, especially among the eastern peoples. Nekrasov, creating the image of Yakov, turns to the story that A.F. told him. Koni (who, in turn, heard it from the watchman of the volost government), and only slightly modifies it. This tragedy is another illustration of the destructiveness of serfdom. Through the mouth of Grisha Dobrosklonov, Nekrasov summarizes: “No support - no landowner, / Drives a zealous slave to the noose, / No support - no servant, / Taking revenge on his villain by suicide.”

Each of the depicted peasants went through a chain of trials and tribulations in life, but they did not break the integrity of his character. The peasants of post-reform Russia understand that they live unhappily and who is to blame for their plight, but this does not prevent them from maintaining their inner dignity, honesty, sense of humor and their inner rightness. The fate of women in Rus' has always been especially difficult, so the chapter “Peasant Woman” is given a special place in the poem. All the heroes protest against the current way of life, they are capable of fighting, they have the will and energy. The character of Yakim Nagov shows spontaneous protest, while other characters are capable of conscious struggle. The strength of Yermil Girin lies in his connections with the people's community, in his inner freedom and unbrokenness - the charm of Savely's appearance, which even hard labor did not force him to resign himself to.

Ermil Girin is one of the positive peasant images of the poem. Appears in the chapter "Happy".

From the story of the gray-haired priest we learn that at first G. served as a clerk in an office for 5 years. Even then, his fellow villagers loved him for his honesty. Under the old prince he was fired, but under the young prince he was unanimously elected mayor. During 7 years of honest and fair service, G. “sinned” only once: “... he fenced out the Little Brother Mitri from the recruiting.” For this act, the hero was tormented by his conscience and almost drove him to suicide. Thanks to the prince's intervention, justice was restored: Mitri went to serve, and the prince himself promised to take care of him. After this incident, G. quit his job, rented a mill, “and he became more beloved than before by all the people.” When they decided to sell the mill, G. won the auction, but he did not have the money with him to make a deposit. And then “a miracle happened”: the peasants at the market collected G. 1000 rubles in half an hour. But G. harbored a grudge against those who tried to take the mill from him: “The mill is not dear to me, the resentment is great.” Therefore, the hero, having “everything that is needed for happiness: peace, money, and honor,” took part in the peasant uprising. He refused to pacify the rebellious peasants. For this G. was sent to prison.

Ermil Girin is another contender for the title of happy person. He is loved by the people, the landowner respects him. He does not have a high rank or untold wealth; all that Yermil stands out for is his honesty and nobility.

Who is Ermil?

Prince, perhaps, an illustrious count?

"Not a prince, not an illustrious count,

But he’s just a man!”

At about twenty years old, Yermil Girin was a clerk in an office. He had no special powers, but was happy to help illiterate peasants.

You approach him first,

And he will advise

And he will make inquiries;

Where there is enough strength, it will help out,

Doesn't ask for gratitude

And if you give, he won’t take it!

Thus, Yermil Girin became familiar to the entire estate. Soon he was elected to the position of mayor. He still performed his work honestly and conscientiously.

In seven years the world's penny

I didn’t squeeze it under my nail,

At the age of seven I didn’t touch the right one,

Did not allow the guilty

I didn’t bend my heart...

But even such a wonderful person as Ermila Girin is not alien to anything human - he took advantage of his privileges, but not for personal benefit, but for the benefit of his younger brother Mitri.

Going crazy: from recruiting

Little brother Mitri

He defended it.

However, he repented and almost committed suicide. He voluntarily decided to surrender himself to the people.

He came and said: “It was time,

I judged you according to my conscience,

Now I myself am more sinful than you:

Judge me!"

Girin was fined for his offense.

However, the last thing we learn about him is that he is sitting in prison, because he did not want to deceive the people on the orders of the man sent by the sovereign.

Article menu:

The literature of the 50-60s was marked by an active interest in folklore motifs of “folk themes”. The works of Nekrasov, who often “visited Russian huts” and knew a lot about the life of peasants first-hand, were no exception.

In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” a wide panorama of peasant life with all its troubles and difficulties opens up to the reader.

All the heroes of this work are distinguished by a difficult fate and unusual life situations. One of these characters is Ermila Girin.

Ermila's life story

Seven men continue their search for a happy man in Rus'. While at the holiday, they ask people, and soon the peasant Fedosei from the village of Dymoglotovo tells them that they need to ask Ermila Girin, if this person cannot call himself happy, then they don’t have to ask anyone else at the holiday.

Girin was a simple man, but rather strange - he had too much honesty and selflessness, and this always surprised. In his youth he was a clerk in an office. Yermila performed his duties well, always helped the peasants whenever possible and did not take anything for his help:

However, for the peasant
And the clerk is a man.
You approach him first,
And he will advise
And he will make inquiries;
Where there is enough strength, it will help out.

The attitude of ordinary people towards Ermila

Over the course of five years, the peasants became attached to the young man. However, soon the chief manager did not like such a merciful attitude towards ordinary people on the part of the clerk, and he took another person instead of Girin.

A little time passed and the old landowner died. The young man did not keep either the manager, his secretary, or the office. He ordered the people to choose a mayor for themselves. By general vote it was determined that such a person would be Ermilo Girin. The young man performed this service no less efficiently. After some time, it was the turn of Girin’s younger brother Mitri to join the recruits. Ermila took advantage of his position and sent the son of fellow villager Vlasyevna instead of his brother. However, he soon repented of his action and even wanted to hang himself because of this incident, but everyone unanimously dissuaded him. Vlasyevna’s son was returned home, and Ermila’s brother was sent to the army. The prince personally made sure that the service of the younger Girin was not difficult. Yermila could not forgive himself for such an act. He decided to buy himself a mill and retire from public affairs.

Things didn’t look good with the mill: there were two main buyers for the mill, he – Girin – and the merchant Altynnikov. Without warning, auctions were announced and Yermila won them, but he did not have money with him to pay, so Yermila asked for a delay of half an hour and went to the market square. There he asked people to help him out and thus collected the required amount. A week later, Yermila returned to the same square with money and gave it to the people. However, he only had one ruble left - no one came for it. Girin walked for a long time and looked for the owner, but, not finding it, he gave the ruble to the blind people asking for mercy.

He had everything he needed
For happiness: and peace of mind,
And money and honor,
An enviable, true honor,
Not bought with money,
Not with fear: with strict truth,
With intelligence and kindness!

Personality characteristics

From a young age, Ermila Girin was distinguished by his intelligence and prudence. He was an educated man, as he served in the office. At the same time, Girin’s selflessness also manifests itself - he often helps ordinary people with advice, tells them what is best to do in order to better and faster deal with the issues that have arisen. Ermila did not ask for any remuneration for his services, and did not even take anything in the case when they offered him:

Doesn't ask for gratitude
And if you give it, he won’t take it!
During the five years of his work as a secretary, people were able to discern a good person in Girin, therefore, when it was necessary to choose a mayor, everyone unanimously decided that such a person should be Ermila - although he is still young, no one can handle the responsibilities better than him:
We shout: - Ermila Girina! -
How one man is!
The guy is agile, competent,
I’ll say one thing: isn’t he young?..”
And we: - There is no need, father,
And young, and smart!

Ermila is an honest and decent person, he always acts according to his conscience, and never once “behaved.” He served as mayor for seven years and no one made any complaints about his work. After the incident with the army, Yermila cannot calm down - his conscience torments him for such a dishonorable act:

Ermil himself,
Having finished recruiting,
I began to feel sad, sad,
Doesn’t drink, doesn’t eat: that’s the end of it,
What's in the stall with the rope
His father found him.

Girin is deeply offended by the fact that there is no justice in the world - you have to fight for everything. By getting involved in the bidding for the mill, Girin shows his integrity - a sense of resentment does not allow him to lose the mill after the bidding has been won. He believes in the strength of the people and their generosity.

Thus, Ermila Girin is a person who in her life tried to be guided by honesty, justice and humanity. However, as the author shows, even those people who have earned their fortune and respect in an honest way are not happy in Rus' - many accompanying factors and the influence of dishonest people make the life of such “Girins” sad.

The image of Yermil Girin in Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is one of the most colorful, since in this character the author embodied his vision of the best traits in the Russian people: honesty, directness, selflessness and love of truth. At the same time, Nekrasov described his hero very plausibly, putting the story about him into the mouths of peasants who tell wanderers about him. It is not for nothing that the poet conveys the story about him to strangers, thus trying to emphasize the veracity of the story.

general characteristics

The image of Yermil Girin is very symbolic in a philosophical sense. The whole essence of the poem lies in the search of seven wanderers for a happy man in Rus'. And in the chapter “Happy,” the author, through the mouths of the common people, talks about people who, in the opinion of the peasants, by their moral and moral qualities deserve to be known by everyone. But before talking about the heroes, it is necessary to note some facts about the creation and writing of the poem. Nekrasov began writing what is perhaps his most famous work in the first half of the 1860s, although he may have begun sketching earlier. The creation of the text and its publication lasted for several years and continued until the death of the author. At first he wanted to write eight parts, but due to illness he reduced the number of parts, and the final version included four parts.

Peculiarities

The image of Yermil Girin embodies the author's general plan - to create a wide panorama of folk life in Rus'. In a conventionally fairy-tale form, Nekrasov narrates the journey of seven wanderers who are looking throughout the country for a truly happy person. A characteristic feature of this work is that it has become a real epic canvas of the folk life of Rus'. The poet tried to cover the main spheres of public and social life, to show the strata of the population, and for this he chooses as heroes representatives of various social strata, each of whom presents his own story to the wanderers and tells about his misfortunes and problems. It was not without reason that the author followed this path, since it was in this way that the narrative received particular persuasiveness and truthfulness. He himself, as it were, deliberately distanced himself from the narrative and acts only as an observer, leaving his characters to talk about themselves.

Heroes

The images of Yakim Nagogo and Ermil Girin occupy one of the central places in the narrative for several reasons. Firstly, these are ordinary people from the people, ordinary peasants. Secondly, they are mentioned in the chapter “Happy”, which immediately distinguishes them from other characters, since the title of the chapter suggests that they are the ones the wanderers are looking for during their journey through Rus'. Thirdly, they do not talk about themselves, but the reader learns about them from the words of the village residents who knew them well. Thus, the author follows the folk tradition, according to which the rumor about a kind and good person spreads throughout the earth, the whole world learns about him and his life becomes known to many people.

Characters

The image of Yermil Girin is distinguished by the greater truthfulness and expressiveness that wanderers all over the world are told about him. What features do peasants highlight when characterizing him? First of all, truthfulness: Yermil is an honest person who never used his position for his own benefit. Working as a clerk, he always helped the peasants, did not take bribes, and acted in their interests. For this, everyone in the village loved and respected him, and elected him mayor.

When he urgently needed money to buy back the mill, he turned to all the people for help, and everyone present at the fair helped him: everyone, even people he didn’t know, gave money to buy back the mill. It is in this episode that, perhaps, the image of Yermil Girin is most clearly revealed. Briefly about him in connection with this episode, the following can be said: he is a truly people's man in spirit, and therefore the peasants help him all over the world. And only once did he abuse his power: he sent the son of a poor peasant woman as a recruit instead of his brother. However, being by nature a conscientious and truthful person, he repented of his actions, resigned from his position, and repented before all the people. So, the image of Ermila Girin, which is briefly described in this section, is one of the most striking in the poem.

Yakim Nagoy is also a simple peasant, whose whole life is spent in hard physical labor. He drinks a lot, and at first glance it seems that he is a goner. However, Yakim is a man with a rich inner world. He has a sense of beauty: for example, he buys beautiful pictures, which have become his only consolation, so that during a fire he saves them. So, in his poem, Nekrasov convincingly showed the images of simple peasants, each of which is touching and sympathetic to the reader.

Girin Ermil Ilyich (Ermila)

WHO LIVES WELL IN Rus'
Poem (1863-1877, unfinished)

Girin Ermil Ilyich (Ermila) is one of the most likely contenders for the title of lucky one. The real prototype of this character is the peasant A. D. Potanin (1797-1853), who managed by proxy the estate of Countess Orlova, which was called Odoevshchina (after the surnames of the former owners - the Odoevsky princes), and the peasants were baptized into Adovshchina. Potanin became famous for his extraordinary justice. Nekrasovsky G. became known to his fellow villagers for his honesty even in those five years that he served as a clerk in the office (“You need a bad conscience - / A peasant should extort a penny from a peasant”). Under the old Prince Yurlov, he was fired, but then, under the young Prince, he was unanimously elected mayor of Adovshchina. During the seven years of his “reign” G. only once betrayed his soul: “... from the recruiting / He shielded his younger brother Mitri.” But repentance for this offense almost led him to suicide. Only thanks to the intervention of a strong master was it possible to restore justice, and instead of Nenila Vlasyevna’s son, Mitriy went to serve, and “the prince himself takes care of him.” G. quit his job, rented a mill, “and he became more powerful than ever / Loved by all the people.” When they decided to sell the mill, G. won the auction, but he did not have the money with him to make a deposit. And then “a miracle happened”: G. was rescued by the peasants to whom he turned for help, and in half an hour he managed to collect a thousand rubles in the market square.

G. is driven not by mercantile interest, but by a rebellious spirit: “The mill is not dear to me, / The resentment is great.” And although “he had everything he needed / For happiness: peace, / And money, and honor,” at the moment when the peasants start talking about him (chapter “Happy”), G., in connection with the peasant uprising, is in prison. The speech of the narrator, a gray-haired priest, from whom it becomes known about the arrest of the hero, is unexpectedly interrupted by outside interference, and later he himself refuses to continue the story. But behind this omission one can easily guess both the reason for the riot and G.’s refusal to help in pacifying it.

All characteristics in alphabetical order:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -