When was Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov born? Destiny A

- Because that’s how it’s been for a long time.

You know the case that if you want to be friends and understand a person, you have to get to know his entire family, including great-grandparents.

Tell me, which of you people of art knows what an inverter is? I honestly admit that I didn’t know what an inverter was either. No, of course I guessed that it was some kind of electrical device, but I didn’t know exactly what purpose the inverter served. Now I know and share with you my dear readers so interesting information. It turns out the inverter

Name: Alexander Griboedov

Age: 34 years

Activity: diplomat, poet, playwright, pianist, composer

Family status: was married

Alexander Griboyedov: biography

How often do readers remember an author from just one work? For example, people are remembered for “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest,” “The Catcher in the Rye,” “To Kill a Mockingbird,” and Patrick Suskind for the novel “Perfume.” The listed authors and works are foreign, so everything can be attributed to the lack of translations. But what then to do with domestic authors - with Alexander Griboedov, for example?

Childhood and youth

Was born future writer and diplomat in Moscow. In literature textbooks they write that this happened in January 1785, but experts doubt this - then some facts from his biography become too surprising. There is an assumption that Alexander was born five years earlier, and the date in the document was written differently, since at the time of his birth his parents were not married, which was perceived negatively in those years.

By the way, in 1795, Alexander Griboedov had a brother, Pavel, who, unfortunately, died in his infancy. Most likely, it was his birth certificate that later served the writer. Sasha was born in noble family, who descended from the Pole Jan Grzybowski who moved to Russia. The surname Griboyedov is literal translation Pole's surname.

The boy grew up curious, but at the same time sedate. He received his first education at home, reading books - some researchers suspect that this is due to hiding his date of birth. Sasha’s teacher was the encyclopedist Ivan Petrosalius, popular in those years.

Despite his sedate manner, Griboedov was also prone to hooligan antics: once, during a visit to catholic church, the boy performed the folk dance song “Kamarinskaya” on the organ, which shocked the clergy and church visitors. Later, already as a student at Moscow state university, Sasha will write a caustic parody called “Dmitry Dryanskoy”, which will also put him in an unfavorable light.

Even before studying at Moscow State University, Griboyedov entered the Moscow University Noble Boarding School in 1803. In 1806 he entered the literature department of Moscow State University, which he graduated in 2 years.

Afterwards, Griboedov decides to study in two more departments - physics and mathematics and moral and political. Alexander receives his PhD degree. He plans to continue his studies further, but his plans are ruined by the Napoleonic invasion.

During Patriotic War In 1812, the future writer joined the ranks of the volunteer Moscow Hussar Regiment, led by Count Pyotr Ivanovich Saltykov. He was enrolled as a cornet along with other people from noble families - the Tolstoys, Golitsyns, Efimovskys and others.

Literature

In 1814, Griboyedov began to write his first serious works, which were the essay “On Cavalry Reserves” and the comedy “The Young Spouses,” which was a parody of French family dramas.

IN next year Alexander moves to St. Petersburg, where he ends his service. In St. Petersburg, the aspiring writer meets the publicist and publisher Nikolai Ivanovich Grech, in whose literary magazine “Son of the Fatherland” he would later publish some of his works.

In 1816 he became a member Masonic lodge“United Friends”, and a year later he will organize his own lodge – “Blago”, which will differ from classical Masonic organizations by focusing on Russian culture. At the same time, the writer begins work on “Woe from Wit” - the first ideas and sketches appear.

In the summer of 1817, Griboyedov entered the public service to the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, first as a provincial secretary, and later as a translator. In the same year, Griboyedov met Wilhelm Kuchelbecker.

He will become friends with both and will cross paths more than once for his short life. While still working as a provincial secretary, the writer writes and publishes the poem “ Lubochny Theater”, as well as the comedies “Student”, “Feigned Infidelity” and “The Married Bride”. The year 1817 was marked in Griboyedov’s life by another event - the legendary quadruple duel, the reason for which was the ballerina Avdotya Istomina (as always, cherchez la femme).

However, to be precise, in 1817 only Zavadovsky and Sheremetev fought, and the duel between Griboedov and Yakubovich took place a year later, when the writer, having refused the position of an official of the Russian mission in America, became the secretary of the Tsar's attorney Simon Mazarovich in Persia. On the way to his place of duty, the writer kept a diary in which he recorded his journey.

In 1819, Griboyedov completed work on “Letter to a Publisher from Tiflis” and the poem “Forgive me, Fatherland.” Autobiographical moments related to the period of service in Persia will also appear in “Vagina's Tale” and “Ananur Quarantine”. In the same year he received the Order of the Lion and the Sun, first degree.

The writer did not like working in Persia, so he was even glad that his arm was broken in 1821, because thanks to the injury, the writer was able to achieve a transfer to Georgia, closer to his homeland. In 1822 he became diplomatic secretary under General Alexei Petrovich Ermolaev. At the same time he wrote and published the drama “1812”, dedicated to the Patriotic War.

In 1823, he left the service for three years to return to his homeland and relax. Over the years he has lived in St. Petersburg, Moscow and on the estate of an old friend in the village of Dmitrovskoye. He is finishing work on the first edition of the comedy in verse “Woe from Wit,” which he gives to an elderly fabulist for review. Ivan Andreevich appreciated the work, but warned that the censors would not let it through.

In 1824, Griboedov wrote the poem “David”, the vaudeville “Deception after Deception”, the essay “Special Cases of the St. Petersburg Flood” and the critical article “And they compose - they lie, and they translate - they lie.” The following year he began work on a translation of Faust, but managed to finish only the Prologue in the Theater. At the end of 1825, due to the need to return to service, he was forced to abandon his trip to Europe, instead leaving for the Caucasus.

After participating in the expedition of General Alexei Alexandrovich Velyaminov, he wrote the poem “Predators over Chegel.” In 1826, he was arrested and sent to the capital on suspicion of Decembrist activities, but six months later he was released and reinstated in service due to the lack of direct evidence. Nevertheless, the writer was under surveillance.

In 1828, Griboyedov took part in the signing of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty. In the same year he received the Order of St. Anne, second degree, and got married. More writer he had no success writing and publishing anything, although his plans included many works, among which creativity researchers especially highlight the tragedies of and. According to them, Griboyedov had potential no less than that of.

Personal life

There is a theory that the quadruple duel of 1817 took place due to a short intrigue between Griboedov and the ballerina Istomina, but there are no facts to prove this hypothesis. On August 22, 1828, the writer married the Georgian aristocrat Nina Chavchavadze, whom Alexander Sergeevich himself called Madonna Bartalome Murillo. The couple was married in the Zion Cathedral, located in Tiflis (now Tbilisi).

By the end of 1828, Alexander and Nina realized that they were expecting a child. That is why the writer insisted that his wife stay at home during his next ambassadorial mission the following year, from which he never returned. The news of her husband's death left the young girl in shock. Premature birth occurred and the baby was stillborn.

Death

At the beginning of 1829, Griboyedov was forced by work to go as part of an embassy mission to Feth Ali Shah in Tehran. On January 30, the building in which the embassy was temporarily located was attacked by a large group of Muslim fanatics (more than a thousand people).

Only one person managed to escape, pure chance found himself in another building. Alexander Griboyedov was found among the dead. His disfigured body was recognized by the injury to his left hand received during a duel with cornet Alexander Yakubovich in 1818.

Posthumously, Griboedov was awarded the Order of the Lion and the Sun, second degree. The writer was buried, as he had bequeathed, in Tiflis, on Mount Mtatsminda, located next to the Church of St. David.

• Griboyedov’s parents were distant relatives: Anastasia Fedorovna was Sergei Ivanovich’s second cousin.
• Sergei Ivanovich, Griboyedov’s father, was a renowned gambler. It is believed that it was from him that the writer inherited good memory, thanks to which he was able to become a polyglot. His arsenal included French, English, Italian, German, Arabic, Turkish, Georgian, Persian and ancient Greek, as well as Latin.

• Griboedov's sister, Maria Sergeevna, was at one time a popular harpist and pianist. The writer himself, by the way, also played music well and even managed to write several piano pieces.
• Artists depicted Griboyedov and some of his relatives on canvas. The writer's wife is the only one who was captured in the photo.

Bibliography

• 1814 – “The Young Spouses”
• 1814 – “On cavalry reserves”
• 1817 – “Lubochny Theater”
• 1817 – “Feigned Infidelity”
• 1819 – “Letter to the publisher from Tiflis”
• 1819 – “Forgive me, Fatherland”
• 1822 – “1812”
• 1823 – “David”
• 1823 – “Who is brother, who is sister”
• 1824 – “Teleshova”
• 1824 – “And they compose - they lie, and they translate - they lie”
• 1824 – “Woe from Wit”
• 1825 – “Predators on Chegem”

Playwright, poet, diplomat Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 4 (15), 1795 in Moscow into a noble family. At the age of fifteen he graduated from Moscow University. During the Napoleonic invasion he enlisted in the army and served for two years in a cavalry regiment. In June 1817, Griboyedov entered service in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs; in August 1818 he was appointed secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in Persia.

From 1822 to 1826, Griboyedov served in the Caucasus at the headquarters of A.P. Ermolov, from January to June 1826 he was under arrest in the Decembrist case.

Since 1827, under the new governor of the Caucasus, I.F. Paskevich, he was in charge of diplomatic relations with Turkey and Persia. In 1828, after the conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace, in which Griboyedov accepted Active participation and the text of which he brought to St. Petersburg, he was appointed “Minister Plenipotentiary” to Persia to ensure compliance with the terms of the treaty.

In the same year in August, Alexander Griboedov married eldest daughter his friend - the Georgian poet and public figure Alexandra Chavchavadze - Nina, whom he knew since childhood, often studied music with her. Having matured, Nina evoked in the soul of Alexander Griboyedov, an already mature man, a strong and deep feeling of love.

They say she was a beauty: a slender, graceful brunette, with pleasant and regular features, with dark brown eyes, charming everyone with her kindness and meekness. Griboyedov called her Madonna Murillo. On August 22, 1828, they were married in the Zion Cathedral in Tiflis. IN church book a record has been preserved: “The Plenipotentiary Minister in Persia of His Imperial Majesty, State Councilor and Cavalier Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov entered into a legal marriage with the girl Nina, the daughter of Major General Prince Alexander Chavchavadzev...”. Griboyedov was 33 years old, Nina Alexandrovna was not yet sixteen.

After the wedding and several days of celebrations, the young couple left for the estate of A. Chavchavadze in Kakheti in Tsinandali. Then the young couple went to Persia. Not wanting to expose Nina to danger in Tehran, Griboedov temporarily left his wife in Tabriz, his residence of the plenipotentiary representative Russian Empire in Persia, and went to the capital to present to the Shah alone. In Tehran, Griboedov was very homesick for his young wife and worried about her (Nina had a very difficult time with her pregnancy).

On January 30, 1829, a crowd, incited by Muslim fanatics, destroyed the Russian mission in Tehran. During the destruction of the embassy, ​​the Russian envoy Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was killed. The riotous crowd dragged his mutilated corpse through the streets for several days, and then threw him into a common pit, where the bodies of his comrades already lay. Later he was identified only by the little finger of his left hand, mutilated in a duel.

Nina, who was waiting for her husband in Tabriz, did not know about his death; Worried about her health, those around her hid the terrible news. On February 13, at the urgent request of her mother, she left Tabriz and went to Tiflis. Only here they told her that her husband was dead. She suffered from premature labor due to stress.

On April 30, Griboyedov’s ashes were brought to Gergery, where A.S. saw the coffin. Pushkin, who mentions this in his “Travel to Arzrum”. In June, Griboyedov’s body finally arrived in Tiflis, and on June 18, 1829, it was interred near the Church of St. David, according to the wishes of Griboyedov, who once jokingly told his wife: “Don’t leave my bones in Persia; if I die there, bury me in Tiflis, in the monastery of St. David." Nina fulfilled her husband's will. She buried him where he asked; Nina Alexandrovna erected a chapel on her husband’s grave, and in it - a monument depicting a woman praying and crying in front of a crucifix - an emblem of herself. On the monument there is the following inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory; but why did my love survive you?”

Nina Alexandrovna survived her husband by 28 years; she died in 1857 from cholera and was buried next to her beloved.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov - a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, brilliant diplomat, state councilor, author of the legendary play in verse "Woe from Wit", was a descendant of an old noble family. Born in Moscow on January 15 (January 4, O.S.), 1795, with early years proved himself to be an extremely developed, and versatile, child. Wealthy parents tried to give him wonderful home education, and in 1803 Alexander became a pupil of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. At the age of eleven he was already a student at Moscow University (literature department). Having become a candidate of literary sciences in 1808, Griboyedov graduated from two more departments - moral-political and physical-mathematical. Alexander Sergeevich became one of the most educated people among his contemporaries, he knew about a dozen foreign languages, was very gifted musically.

With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboyedov joined the ranks of volunteers, but he did not have to participate directly in military operations. In 1815, with the rank of cornet, Griboyedov served in a cavalry regiment that was in reserve. The first dates back to this time literary experiments- the comedy “Young Spouses”, which was a translation of a French play, the article “On Cavalry Reserves”, “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher”.

At the beginning of 1816, A. Griboedov retired and came to live in St. Petersburg. While working at the College of Foreign Affairs, he continues his studies in a new field of writing, makes translations, and joins theatrical and literary circles. It was in this city that fate gave him the acquaintance of A. Pushkin. In 1817, A. Griboyedov tried his hand at drama, writing the comedies “My Family” and “Student”.

In 1818, Griboyedov was appointed to the position of secretary of the tsar's attorney, who headed the Russian mission in Tehran, and this radically changed him further biography. The deportation of Alexander Sergeevich to a foreign land was regarded as punishment for the fact that he acted as a second in a scandalous duel with a fatal outcome. The stay in Iranian Tabriz (Tavriz) was indeed painful for the aspiring writer.

In the winter of 1822, Tiflis became Griboyedov’s new place of service, and General A.P. became the new chief. Ermolov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in Tehran, commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus, under whom Griboyedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs. It was in Georgia that he wrote the first and second acts of the comedy “Woe from Wit.” The third and fourth acts were already composed in Russia: in the spring of 1823, Griboyedov left the Caucasus on vacation to his homeland. In 1824, a last point in a work whose path to fame turned out to be thorny. The comedy could not be published due to censorship and was sold in handwritten copies. Only small fragments “slipped” into print: in 1825 they were included in the issue of the almanac “Russian Waist”. Griboyedov’s brainchild was highly appreciated by A.S. Pushkin.

Griboyedov planned to take a trip to Europe, but in May 1825 he had to urgently return to service in Tiflis. In January 1826, in connection with the Decembrist case, he was arrested, kept in a fortress, and then taken to St. Petersburg: the writer’s name came up several times during interrogations, and handwritten copies of his comedy were found during searches. Nevertheless, due to lack of evidence, the investigation had to release Griboedov, and in September 1826 he returned to his official duties.

In 1828, the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty was signed, which corresponded to the interests of Russia. He played a certain role in the biography of the writer: Griboyedov took part in its conclusion and delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. For his services, the talented diplomat was awarded new position- Plenipotentiary Minister (Ambassador) of Russia in Persia. In his appointment, Alexander Sergeevich saw “political exile”, plans for the implementation of numerous creative ideas collapsed. With a heavy heart, in June 1828, Griboedov left St. Petersburg.

Getting to his place of duty, he lived for several months in Tiflis, where in August his wedding took place with 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. He left for Persia with his young wife. There were forces in the country and beyond its borders that were not satisfied with the growing influence of Russia, which cultivated hostility towards its representatives in the minds of the local population. On February 11, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was brutally attacked by a brutal crowd, and one of its victims was A.S. Griboyedov, who was disfigured to such an extent that he was later identified only by a characteristic scar on his hand. The body was taken to Tiflis, where its last resting place was the grotto at the Church of St. David.