Which work is Sonya Marmeladova from? The Truth of Sonya Marmeladova

The Marmeladov family plays special role in the novel. After all, it was Sonechka Marmeladova, her faith and selfless love Raskolnikov owes his spiritual rebirth. Her great love, a tormented but pure soul, capable of seeing a person even in a murderer, empathizing with him, suffering with him, saved Raskolnikov. Yes, Sonya is a “harlot,” as Dostoevsky writes about her, but she was forced to sell herself in order to save her stepmother’s children from starvation. Even in her terrible situation, Sonya managed to remain human; drunkenness and debauchery did not affect her. But in front of her was shining example a fallen father, completely crushed by poverty and his own powerlessness to change anything in his life. Sonya's patience and vitality largely come from her faith. She believes in God, in justice with all her heart, without going into complex philosophical reasoning, she believes blindly, recklessly. And what else can an eighteen-year-old girl believe in, whose entire education is “a few books of romantic content,” seeing around her only drunken quarrels, squabbles, illnesses, debauchery and human grief? Dostoevsky contrasts Sonya's humility with Raskolnikov's rebellion. Subsequently, Rodion Raskolnikov, not accepting Sonya’s religiosity with his mind, decides with his heart to live by her beliefs.

Raskolnikov is not just a criminal, but a victim of his own crime. His soul was sick, which is why he could not recover until he found a person in the world who could understand him and help him. It is with the appearance of Sonya that the feeling of pity wins in Raskolnikov. Pity overcomes him at the thought that he “came to torment” Sonya; he does not want suffering, but he wants happiness. He is especially struck by the humility with which she accepts suffering from him: “After the service, Raskolnikov approached Sonya, she suddenly took him by both hands and leaned her head on his shoulder. This short gesture struck Raskolnikov with bewilderment, it was even strange: “How? Not the slightest disgust towards him, not the slightest tremor in her hand! It was a kind of infinity of his own humiliation... It became terribly difficult for him.” In essence, Sonya’s attitude towards Raskolnikov is the attitude of God towards man, i.e. forgiveness. Sonya feels sorry for Raskolnikov and that is why she forgives him. She brought Rodion back to the truth, directed him on the right path, and helped him see the world in different colors. This helped Raskolnikov find faith. Sonya Marmeladova's whole life is self-sacrifice. With the power of her love, the ability to endure any torment, she elevates Raskolnikov to herself, helps him overcome himself and resurrect. This heroine personifies the beginning of pity for Raskolnikov: “... He suddenly saw that this humiliated creature was already so humiliated that he suddenly felt sorry. When she made a move to run away from fear, something seemed to turn over in him.” Dostoevsky initially recognizes the absoluteness of the human “I”, the spiritual dignity and freedom of everyone, even the most downtrodden and insignificant person. This dignity is manifested in humility before suffering sent by God.

In the novel, the author raises the question of the most important, common problems life, choosing a path. We get the answer from research and self-analysis of the characters. Dostoevsky gives each hero the right to express his idea: Raskolnikov, Luzhin, Svidrigailov, Sonya. Raskolnikov is concerned with questions about the world, about the place of man, why is everything this way? His suffering soul is rushing about, looking for an answer. Raskolnikov has a mature theory that all people are divided into two categories - ordinary “trembling creatures” and extraordinary “those with the right”, and he harbors the idea of ​​​​a crime - to test himself who he is. Having committed a crime, Raskolnikov becomes convinced that his theory is incorrect, that he killed a “nonentity”, and he himself became like a “trembling creature.” Pride does not allow him to admit what he has done or accept the help of his loved ones. This leads him to a dead end. Raskolnikov is looking for justification for his action, looking for “crimes”, like himself. That's why he comes to Sonya. But Sonya “transgressed”, became a sinner not for herself, but for others. Unlike Raskolnikov, she recognizes herself as a sinner. Raskolnikov tries to convince Sonya that she is no better than him. Raskolnikov proves this to himself. Sonya's reading of the Gospel to Raskolnikov is symbolic. Sonya is spiritually higher stronger than Raskolnikov. She suffers herself, and Raskolnikov brings suffering to others. Sonya is able to penetrate with her heart into the meaning of existence, she believes in the existence of a higher, divine meaning of life and no one has the right to judge another. Sonya says to Raskolnikov: “You left God, and God struck you down” - which means everything is in God’s will, you can still return to God. The resurrection of Lazarus is Raskolnikov's ability to resurrect. Sonya's example is very important for Raskolnikov. She strengthened him in his attitude towards life.

Sonya and Raskolnikov read the Gospel. It seems to me that Dostoevsky introduced the scene of reading the Gospel in order to show how moral Raskolnikov and Sonya are. The scene of reading the Gospel in the novel is psychologically the most intense: will Sonya be able to convince Raskolnikov that it is impossible to live without God, will she be able to guide him to faith by her example. Raskolnikov was perplexed how in Sonya shame and baseness were combined with opposite and holy feelings. But Sonya is simply spiritually higher, stronger than Raskolnikov. Sonya believes with her heart in the existence of a higher divine meaning in life. Raskolnikov asked Sonya: “So you really pray to God, Sonya?” Sonya, squeezing his hand, answered: “What would I be without God?” “What is God doing to you for this?” - Raskolnikov tried, “He does everything!” - Sonya answered. Raskolnikov peered at Sonya with curiosity, how this fragile and meek creature could be so convinced of her faith, trembling with indignation and anger. Then he noticed a book on the chest of drawers - the Gospel. It seems to me that, unexpectedly for himself, he asked Sonya to read about the resurrection of Lazarus. Sonya hesitated, why would the unbelieving Raskolnikov need this? He insisted. I think Raskolnikov, in the depths of his soul, remembered the resurrection of Lazarus and hoped for a miracle of the resurrection of himself. Sonya began to read timidly at first, suppressing spasms in her throat, but when she got to the resurrection, her voice grew stronger, rang like metal, she trembled all over in anticipation of the miracle of the resurrection and the miracle that Raskolnikov would hear and believe just as she believes. Raskolnikov listened and watched her with excitement. Sonya finished reading, closed the book and turned away. The silence lasted five minutes. Suddenly Raskolnikov spoke with determination in his eyes: “Let's go together. I came to you. We are cursed together, we will go together!” So the miracle did happen, Raskolnikov realized in his soul that he couldn’t stay like this, he had to break what was needed, take the suffering upon himself. Sonya's example was very important for Raskolnikov; she strengthened him in his attitude to life and faith. Raskolnikov made a decision, and it was no longer the same Raskolnikov - rushing about, hesitating, but enlightened, knowing what to do. I think that the resurrection of Lazarus is the resurrection of Raskolnikov.

So, the person who pushed the main character to confession, helped him to rise spiritually, is Sonechka Marmeladova. Fate treated her and her loved ones cruelly and unfairly. Firstly, apparently, Sonya lost her mother, and then her father; secondly, poverty forced her to go out into the streets to earn money. But the cruelty of fate did not break her moral spirit. In conditions that seem to exclude goodness and humanity, the heroine finds a way out worthy of a real person. Her path is self-sacrifice and religion. Sonya is able to understand and alleviate the suffering of anyone, direct them to the path of truth, forgive everything, and absorb the suffering of others. She takes pity on Katerina Ivanovna, calling her “a child, fair,” and unhappy. Her generosity manifested itself even when she saves Katerina Ivanovna’s children and takes pity on her father, who is dying in her arms with words of repentance. This scene, like others, inspires respect and sympathy for the girl from the first minutes of meeting her. And it is not surprising that Sofya Semyonovna is destined to share the depth of Raskolnikov’s mental torment. Rodion decided to tell his secret to her, and not to Porfiry Petrovich, because he felt that only Sonya could judge him according to his conscience, and her judgment would be different from Porfiry’s. He thirsted for love, compassion, human sensitivity, that higher light that can support a person in the darkness of life. Raskolnikov's hopes for sympathy and understanding from Sonya were justified. This extraordinary girl, whom he called a “holy fool”, having learned about Rodion’s terrible crime, kisses and hugs him, not remembering herself, says that “there is no one more unhappy in the whole world now” than Raskolnikov. And this is said by the one whose family poverty doomed her to shame and humiliation, the one who is called “a girl of notorious behavior”! Does a sensitive and selfless girl really deserve such a fate, while Luzhin, not suffering from poverty, is petty and mean? It is he who considers Sonya an immoral girl who corrupts society. Perhaps he will never understand that only compassion and the desire to help people, to save them from a difficult fate, explain the heroine’s behavior. Her whole life is pure self-sacrifice. With the power of her love, the ability to selflessly endure any torment for the sake of others, the girl helps the main character overcome himself and resurrect. Sonechka's fate convinced Raskolnikov that his theory was wrong. He saw before him not a “trembling creature”, not a humble victim of circumstances, but a man whose self-sacrifice is far from humility and is aimed at saving the perishing, at effectively caring for his neighbors. Sonya, selfless in her devotion to family and love, is ready to share Raskolnikov's fate. She sincerely believes that Raskolnikov will be able to resurrect for a new life. The truth of Sonya Marmeladova is her faith in man, in the indestructibility of good in his soul, in the fact that sympathy, self-sacrifice, forgiveness and universal love will save the world.

Raskolnikov’s words about the “eternal Sonechka” express the idea of ​​Christian patience, sacrifice and compassion. In the epilogue of the novel, we read that the convicts did not love Raskolnikov, but loved Sonya: for them she represented the living embodiment of faith and truth. Raskolnikov tries to justify his crime with compassion for those disadvantaged and humiliated people who surround him (“In one life - thousands of lives saved from rot and decay”). But compassion requires one's own blood - this is a donor position. Sonya is stronger than Raskolnikov internally. Raskolnikov is an adult, educated person, a man, grabs onto her like a stone that lies at the foundation of life. The heaviest sufferings are brought to the Mother of God - “Quench my sorrows.” Sonya has the same characteristic. Sonya's father, Marmeladov, cannot die without her; he dies in her arms. In his book about Dostoevsky, Yu. Karyakin wrote about the main character of the novel: “Humanity does not have many truths, but they are always obtained at an incredibly high price and always anew.” Following Sonechka Marmeladova, Raskolnikov comes from dead life to living life.

Through suffering the soul is purified, and Sonya understands this. When Raskolnikov tells her about the murder, she says: “What have you done to yourself!” - she is trying to understand what is happening in his soul. Of course, when analyzing this topic, it is impossible to do without analyzing the episodes of Raskolnikov’s conversations with Sonya. Here's what you need to pay attention to when analyzing. The first time Raskolnikov comes to Sonya’s home, he is horrified by her room. Just like his coffin room, this ugly space can disfigure the soul of the person living in it.

Sonya is “able to think,” and these thoughts are capable of tormenting her, but this is not abstract philosophizing. Sonya, unlike Raskolnikov, has a reliable spiritual foundation - her faith, and Sonya’s strength is in her faith, in humility. The characters read an episode from the Gospel - the resurrection of Lazarus: an unprecedented miracle, four days have already passed since the death of Lazarus, and Martha’s endless faith in Jesus resurrects her beloved brother. A symbolic parallel arises here: Raskolnikov lay delirious for four days after the murder. And he is destined to see a great miracle, only Raskolnikov does not yet believe in the possibility of this miracle, but Sonya does. Even in the conversation about Katerina Ivanovna, there is a remark that “some kind of insatiable compassion... suddenly appeared in all the features of her face.” This very “insatiable compassion” of Sonya is also a great miracle, and Raskolnikov feels it. Therefore, he kisses Sonya's foot, kneeling in front of her. Sonya, at the moment of reading the Bible, stands disproportionately higher than Raskolnikov, even though he tells her that they have the same road, the same path. And despite the fact that they are a murderer and a harlot, strangely coming together to read eternal book, yet Raskolnikov himself feels in Sonya this inner, hidden from the eyes, force that did not allow her to fall into the “stinking pit.”

The meaning of Raskolnikov’s rebellion is that if they (Sonya and Raskolnikov) are destined to become material, then it is necessary to rebel against this, take power (freed from ancient moral barriers) and change this cruel and evil world. Sonya cannot accept this godless rebellion. For Sonya, the only possible path is faith, hope, repentance, redemption, humility. She cannot “step over”, “dare” not because she is afraid, but because such a path is impossible for her, she cannot allow herself to “kill her soul.”

The next scene where Sonya appears is the wake. Here there is an accusation of theft and a story with Svidrigailov, and then a second conversation between Sonya and Raskolnikov about “who should live?” Here Sonya utters a phrase that is very important for understanding this image: “Who made me a judge?” Man cannot encroach on the laws of the Lord, people did not create this world, and it is not for them to destroy it or rule it. Raskolnikov comes for the second time to look for a way of salvation: either to convince Sonya that he is right, or to dissuade himself, to accept her truth - but he cannot yet do this. “What have you done to yourself?” - Sonya exclaims, because it is obvious to her that, having killed his neighbor, a person kills himself: “Now there is no one more unhappy than you in the whole world.” The miracle that Sonya believes in is a miracle of repentance and resurrection. Sonya with all her soul longs for this miracle for Raskolnikov, because she sees in him endless suffering, and therefore an opportunity for this miracle to happen. And Sonya accompanies Raskolnikov when he goes to confess. She is ready to go with him, to follow him everywhere, because she already loves him endlessly, and Raskolnikov still does not understand or does not believe this: “This and that, what? ...what do I mean to her? Why is she crying, why is she gathering me, like a mother or Dunya?” But after the miracle has happened, Raskolnikov will understand and realize his feeling for Sonya and her boundless love, capable of resurrecting in him everything alive that he destroyed in himself by committing a crime.

The image of Sonya has two interpretations: traditional and new, given by V. Ya. Kirpotin. According to the first, the heroine embodies Christian ideas, according to the second, she is a bearer folk morality. Embodied in Sonya folk character in her undeveloped “childish” stage, and the path of suffering forces her to evolve according to the traditional religious scheme - towards the holy fool - it is not for nothing that she is so often compared with Lizaveta.

Sonya, who in her short life had already endured all imaginable and inconceivable suffering and humiliation, managed to preserve moral purity clarity of mind and heart. No wonder Raskolnikov bows to Sonya, saying that he bows to all human grief and suffering. Her image absorbed all the world's injustice, the world's sorrow. Sonechka speaks on behalf of all the “humiliated and insulted.” Just such a girl, with such life story, with such an understanding of the world, was chosen by Dostoevsky to save and purify Raskolnikov.

Raskolnikov confesses to Sonya: “I need you, that’s why I came to you... Didn’t you do the same thing? You also stepped over... were able to step over. You killed yourself, you ruined your life... yours (it’s all the same!), but you can’t stand it and if you’re left alone, you’ll go crazy, like me. You’re already like crazy; Therefore, we must go together, along the same road! Let's go to!".

Her inner spiritual core, which helps preserve moral beauty, and her boundless faith in goodness and in God amaze Raskolnikov and make him think for the first time about the moral side of his thoughts and actions.

But along with her saving mission, Sonya is also a “punishment” for the rebel, constantly reminding him with her entire existence of what she has done. “Is it really possible that a person is a louse?!” - these words of Marmeladova planted the first seeds of doubt in Raskolnikov. It was Sonya, who, according to the writer, embodied the Christian ideal of goodness, could withstand and win the confrontation with the anti-human idea of ​​Rodion. She fought with all her heart to save his soul. Even when at first Raskolnikov avoided her in exile, Sonya remained faithful to her duty, her belief in purification through suffering. Faith in God was her only support; it is possible that this image embodied the spiritual quest of Dostoevsky himself.

Thus, in the novel “Crime and Punishment” the author assigns one of the main places to the image of Sonechka Marmeladova, who embodies both world grief and divine, unshakable faith in the power of good. Dostoevsky on behalf of “ eternal Sonechka” preaches the ideas of kindness and compassion, which constitute the unshakable foundations of human existence.

But my personal attitude towards Sonya Marmeladova is somewhat different from the traditional and generally accepted one.

Literary critics Weil and Genis in their article “ Last Judgment“wrote that “Raskolnikov judges himself by looking at his incarnations. Sonya - with all the cruelty of her endless, unreasoning kindness...” That's enough. Sonya's kindness is dead and imaginary, like the holiness of the late Lizaveta. Why did Sofya Semyonovna become a prostitute? Out of pity for your half-brother and sisters? Why then didn’t she go to the monastery, taking them with her, because there they would obviously live better than with an alcoholic father and a mother who beat them? Let's assume that she did not want to leave Marmeladov and his wife to the mercy of fate. But why then give my father money for drinking, because that’s what ruined him? She probably feels sorry for him, he won’t get drunk, he will suffer. It's time to remember the phrase: “Loving everyone means loving no one.” Sonechka sees only her own good deeds, but she doesn’t see, doesn’t want to see, how they manifest themselves on those she helps. She, like Lizaveta, does everything that is asked of her, without understanding why it is, what will come of it. It seems that her kindness does not even come from the soul, it is embedded in her like a microcircuit. Like a robot, Sonya does what is prescribed by the Bible, or what she thinks is prescribed by the Bible - because there is a contradiction between sin and the holiness of Sonya's image.

The image of an immaculate and at the same time sinful angel in the novel “Crime and Punishment” became a real sensation for the public. opened up a different side of life for readers. The personality of Sonya Marmeladova was different from the usual literary heroes. Her crime, humility and desire to atone have become moral guidelines for all those who are confused.

Crime and Punishment

Dostoevsky collected the basis for the novel during his own hard labor exile. In Siberia, the writer did not have the opportunity to write, but he had enough time to interview exiles and their loved ones. Therefore, the images of the main characters of the novel are collective in nature.

Initially, the author conceived the novel as a confession story. The narration was told in the first person, and the main task for Dostoevsky was to show the inner psychological truth of a confused person. The writer became interested in the idea, and the serious story grew into a novel.

Initially, her role in the novel “Crime and Punishment” was minor, but after several edits the image main character took an important place in the narrative. With the help of Sonya, Dostoevsky conveys to readers the important idea of ​​the novel:

“The Orthodox view, what is Orthodoxy. There is no happiness in comfort; happiness is bought through suffering. Man is not born for happiness. A person deserves his happiness, and always through suffering.”

Analysis of the work proves that the author did an excellent job with the task. Sonya is the personification of suffering and redemption. The characterization of the heroine is revealed to the reader gradually. All quotes about a former prostitute are filled with love and care. Dostoevsky is equally worried about the fate of the girl:

“...Oh yes Sonya! What a well, however, they managed to dig! And they use it! That's why they use it! And we got used to it. We cried and got used to it. A scoundrel of a man gets used to everything!”

Biography and plot of the novel

Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladova was born into the family of a minor official. The girl's father is an elderly man, earns little and likes to drink. Sonya's mother died long ago, the girl is being raised by her stepmother. New wife The father has a mixture of feelings for his stepdaughter. Katerina Ivanovna takes out all her dissatisfaction with her failed life on an innocent girl. At the same time, the woman does not feel hatred towards the younger Marmeladova and tries not to deprive the girl of attention.

Sonya did not receive an education, because, according to her father, she is not distinguished by intelligence and intelligence. The trusting and good-natured heroine blindly believes in God and meekly serves the interests of the Marmeladov spouses and the stepmother’s children from her first marriage.

The girl is already 18 years old, although the heroine’s appearance would be more suitable for a child: blond hair, Blue eyes, angular figure:

“She couldn’t even be called pretty, but her blue eyes were so clear, and when they came to life, the expression on her face became so kind and simple-minded that you involuntarily attracted people to her.”

The family lives in the Russian outback, but after the father lost his permanent income, the Marmeladovs moved to St. Petersburg. In the capital, Semyon Zakharovich quickly finds a job and just as quickly loses it. The bosses are not ready to put up with employee drunkenness. Providing for the family falls entirely on Sonya.

Left without a livelihood, the girl sees one way out - to quit her job as a seamstress, which brought in too little money, and get a job as a prostitute. For the shameful earnings, the girl was kicked out of the apartment. Sonya lives separately from her family, rents a room from a tailor she knows:

“...my daughter, Sofya Semyonovna, was forced to receive a yellow ticket, and on this occasion she could not stay with us. Because the hostess, Amalia Fedorovna, didn’t want to allow that.”

A girl of easy virtue received from the government a “yellow ticket” - a document proving that the young lady was selling her body. Even shameful work does not save the Marmeladov family.

Semyon Zakharovich dies under the hooves of a carriage horse. In the bustle and commotion, the girl’s first acquaintance with Raskolnikov takes place. The man already knows the girl in absentia - the elder Marmeladov told Rodion about Sonya’s difficult fate in all its details.

Financial assistance from outside stranger(Rodion Raskolnikov pays for his father’s funeral) touches the girl. Sonya goes to thank the man. That's how it gets started difficult relationship main characters.

During the process of organizing a funeral, young people spend a lot of time talking. Both feel like outcasts from society, both are looking for consolation and support. The mask of a cold cynic that hides behind main character, falls, and the true Rodion appears before pure Sonya:

“He suddenly changed; his affectedly impudent and impotently defiant tone disappeared. Even my voice suddenly weakened..."

Marmeladov's death completely undermined the stepmother's health. Katerina Ivanovna dies of consumption, and Sonya falls on the shoulders of caring for the younger members of the family. Help for the girl comes unexpectedly - Mr. Svidrigailov arranges for the little ones to Orphanage and provides the younger Marmeladovs with a comfortable future. This is how Sonya’s fate unfolded in a terrible way.

But the desire to make sacrifices pushes the girl to the other extreme. Now the heroine intends to devote herself to Raskolnikov and accompany the prisoner into exile. The girl is not afraid that her loved one killed the old woman to test a crazy theory. Marmeladova’s truth is that love, faith and selflessness will heal and guide Rodion on the right path.

In Siberia, where the main character is sent, Sonya gets a job as a seamstress. The shameful profession remains a thing of the past, and despite the coldness young man, Sonya remains faithful to Rodion. The girl’s patience and faith bring results - Raskolnikov realizes how much he needs Marmeladova. The reward for the two wounded souls was the joint happiness that came after the atonement of sins.

Film adaptations

The first film dedicated to Raskolnikov's crime was filmed in 1909. The role of Rodion's faithful companion was played by actress Alexandra Goncharova. The film itself has long been lost; copies of the film do not exist. In 1935, American filmmakers filmed their version of the tragedy. The image of the immaculate sinner went to actress Marian Marsh.

In 1956, the French showed their own view of the drama of a confused man. She played the role of Sonya, but in the film adaptation the name of the main character was replaced with Lily Marcelin.

In the USSR, the first film about the fate of Raskolnikov was released in 1969. The director of the film is Lev Kulidzhanov. Sofya Semyonovna Marmeladova was played by Tatyana Bedova. The film was included in the program of the Venice Film Festival.

In 2007, the series “Crime and Punishment” was released, in which the image of the main character was embodied.

The majority of film critics did not like the serial film. The main complaint is that Rodion Raskolnikov does not feel human feelings. The hero is obsessed with anger and hatred. Repentance never touches the hearts of the main characters.

• Dostoevsky's first child was named Sonya. The girl died a couple of months after birth.
• In St. Petersburg, the heroine lived in the building of the former state chamber. This is a real house. Sonya's exact address is Griboyedov Canal embankment, 63.
• The rap artist uses the name of the main character from Crime and Punishment as a pseudonym.
• In the first version of the novel, Sonya's biography looks different: the heroine comes into conflict with Dunya Raskolnikova and becomes the object of Luzhin's crazy but immaculate love.

Quotes

“You walked away from God, and God struck you down and handed you over to the devil!”

“To accept suffering and redeem yourself through it, that’s what you need...”

“...And tell everyone, out loud: “I killed!” Then God will send you life again. Will you go? Will you go?..”

“What are you doing, why did you do this to yourself! No, there is no one more unhappy than you in the whole world now!”

Essay on literature on the topic “Crime and Punishment”: Sonya Marmeladova (with quotes). The truth and spiritual feat of Sonya Marmeladova. My attitude towards the heroine

“Crime and Punishment” is the most famous novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky, both in Russia and abroad. The writer managed to capture the subtle organization human soul, reveal it and see the reasons that prompt a person to perform certain actions.

The image of Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel is the embodiment of spiritual purity and kindness. The reader learns about her from the words of her father Semyon Marmeladov, who has long lost faith in improving his situation and in his own correction. He is a former titular councilor who has deprived himself of benefits and human respect, and has descended into poverty and daily drinking. He has children and a wife who is smitten terrible disease- consumption. Marmeladov speaks of Sonechka with all his father’s warmth, gratitude and simple human pity. Sonya is his only natural daughter, who meekly endures oppression from her stepmother, and in the end decides to desperate step- becomes a public woman in order to somehow provide for the needs of the family.

This is how the author draws Sonya Marmeladova: “It was a thin, very thin and pale face, rather irregular, somehow pointy, with a pointy small nose and chin. She couldn’t even be called pretty, but her blue eyes were so clear, and when they came to life, the expression on her face became so kind and simple-minded that you involuntarily attracted people to her.” The difficult fate of Sonya Marmeladova was reflected in her sad appearance.

At the beginning of the story, the reader has sincere sympathy for the girl, whose fate consisted of suffering and humiliation. Sonya put her body up for sale, this act covered her with shame in the eyes of noble and prosperous people who saw her only as a street woman. But only relatives and friends knew the real Sonya Marmeladova, and then Rodion Raskolnikov, the main character of the novel, recognizes her. And now, not only the humiliated and a poor girl, but a strong and persistent soul. A soul that, under the pressure of circumstances, has not lost faith in people and in life. The role of Sonya Marmeladova in Raskolnikov’s fate is very important: it was she who pushed him to repentance and awareness of his guilt. Together with her he comes to God.

Sonya loves and pities her father, and does not hold a grudge against her sick stepmother, because she understands that they are all unhappy, just like herself. The girl does not condemn Raskolnikov for his crime, but asks him to turn to God and repent. Small and timid Sonya did not instill in her heart hatred for the world that treated her so cruelly. She may be offended, insulted, because the heroine of the novel is a modest and unrequited girl, it is difficult for her to stand up for herself. But she finds the strength to live on, sympathize and help others, without demanding anything in return, without losing humanity and kindness.

The source of Sonya's spiritual fortitude lies in her ardent and sincere faith in God. Faith did not leave the heroine throughout the entire novel; she instilled strength in the unfortunate soul to meet a new day. Spiritual feat Sonya Marmeladova is self-denial for the sake of her family. It is very symbolic that for the first time she sells herself for 30 rubles, the same number of pieces of silver that Judas received when he sold Christ. Like the Son of God, the heroine sacrificed herself for the sake of people. The motive of Sonya's self-sacrifice permeates the entire novel.

Instead of challenging and entering into a struggle with her miserable existence, responding to all those who trampled and humiliated, collecting all the grievances that had been concealed in her heart for so long, Sonya Marmeladova chose a different path. The path that God himself laid out is honesty, kindness, compassion and love. That is why Raskolnikov chose her to pour out his mental anguish, imbued with true respect for her. After all, a small and weak-looking person is capable of great and noble deeds. The significance of the image of Sonya Marmeladova is that by her example she showed Rodion how to save humanity without ritual murders: with strong and devoted love to the point of self-denial.

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Sonechka Marmeladova is a character in the novel “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. The book was written after hard labor. Therefore, it clearly shows a religious connotation of the author’s beliefs. He seeks the truth, exposes the injustice of the world, dreams of the happiness of humanity, but at the same time does not believe that the world can be remade by force. Dostoevsky is convinced that evil cannot be avoided under any circumstances. social order as long as there is evil in the souls of people. Fyodor Mikhailovich rejected the revolution as a transformer of society; he turned towards religion, trying to solve exclusively the issue of increasing everyone’s morality individual person. It is these ideas that the heroine Sonechka Marmeladova reflects in the novel.

Characteristics of the hero

The two main characters of the novel - Sonya Marmeladova and Rodion Raskolnikov - move through the plot like countercurrents. The ideological part of the work is presented to the reader through their worldview. Through Sonechka, Dostoevsky showed his moral ideal, which brings faith and love, hope and understanding, and warmth. According to the author, this is exactly how all people should be. Through Sonya, Fyodor Mikhailovich says that everyone, regardless of their position in society, has the right to live and be happy. The heroine is convinced that it is impossible to achieve happiness, both one’s own and that of others, through criminal means, and sin in any case remains a sin, in the name of whom or whatever it was committed.

If the image of Raskolnikov is rebellion, then Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel “Crime and Punishment” personifies humility. They are two opposite poles that cannot exist one without the other. However, literary scholars are still arguing about the deep meaning of this rebellion and humility.

Inner world

Sonechka Marmeladova deeply believes in God and has high moral qualities. She sees in life deepest meaning and does not understand his antagonist’s ideas about the meaninglessness of existence, believing that behind every event there is a predestination from God. Sonya is sure that a person cannot influence anything, and his main task is to show humility and love. For her, things like empathy and compassion are both the meaning of life and great strength.

Raskolnikov judges the world only from the position of reason, with rebellious fervor. He does not want to come to terms with injustice. This becomes the cause of his mental anguish and crime. Sonechka Marmeladova in Dostoevsky’s novel also oversteps herself, but not in the same way as Rodion. She does not want to destroy other people and cause them suffering, but sacrifices herself. This reflects the writer’s idea that what should be more important for a person is not selfish personal happiness, but suffering for the benefit of others. This is the only way, in his opinion, to achieve true happiness.

Moral of the storyline

Sonechka Marmeladova, characteristics and inner world which are so carefully worked out in the novel, reflects the author’s idea that everyone should be aware of responsibility not only for their actions, but also for all the evil happening in the world. Sonya feels guilty for the crime Raskolnikov committed, so she takes everything to heart and tries to revive it with her compassion. Sonya shares Rodion's fate after he reveals his secret to her.

In the novel, this happens symbolically: when Sonya reads to him the scene of the resurrection of Lazarus from the New Testament, the man correlates the plot with own life, and then, coming to her the next time, he himself talks about what he did and tries to explain the reasons, after which he asks for her help. Sonya mentors Rodion. She calls on him to go to the square to repent of his crime before the people. The author himself here reflects the idea of ​​​​bringing the criminal to suffering so that through him he can atone for his guilt.

Moral qualities

Sonya Marmeladova in the novel embodies the best that can be in a person: faith, love, chastity, willingness to sacrifice oneself. She had to engage in prostitution, but, surrounded by vice, she kept her soul pure and continued to believe in people and in the fact that happiness is achieved only at the cost of suffering. Sonya, like Raskolnikov, who transgressed the gospel commandments, nevertheless condemns Rodion for his contempt for people and does not share his rebellious sentiments.

The author tried to reflect the whole essence through it folk origin and the Russian soul, to show natural humility and patience, love for neighbor and God. The worldviews of the two heroes of the novel are opposed to each other and, constantly colliding, show the contradictions in Dostoevsky’s soul.

Faith

Sonya believes in God, believes in miracles. Rodion, on the contrary, believes that there is no Almighty and miracles also do not happen. He tries to reveal to the girl how ridiculous and illusory her ideas are, proves that her suffering is useless and her sacrifices are ineffective. Raskolnikov judges her from his point of view, says that it is not her profession that makes her sinful, but her vain sacrifices and exploits. However, Sonya's worldview is unshakable, even when driven into a corner, she tries to do something in the face of death. The girl, even after all the humiliation and suffering, did not lose faith in people, in the kindness of their souls. She doesn't need examples, she just believes that everyone deserves a fair share.

Sonya is not embarrassed by either physical deformities or deformities of fate, she is capable of compassion, can penetrate into the essence of the human soul and does not want to judge, because she feels that any evil is committed by a person for some unknown, internal and incomprehensible reason to others.

Inner strength

Many of the author’s thoughts are reflected by Sonechka Marmeladova in the novel “Crime and Punishment.” Its characterization is supplemented by questions about suicide. The girl, forced to go to the panel so that her family would stop starving, at some point thought about committing suicide and with one jerk getting rid of the shame, getting out of the fetid pit.

She was stopped by the thought of what would happen to her loved ones, even if not exactly relatives. In order to keep from committing suicide in such life situation, much more is required inner strength. But the religious Sonya was not held back by the thought of mortal sin. She was worried “about them, her own.” And although debauchery was worse than death for the girl, she chose it.

Love and humility

Another feature that permeates Sonechka’s character is the ability to love. She responds to the suffering of others. She, like the wives of the Decembrists, follows Raskolnikov to hard labor. In her image, Dostoevsky presented an all-encompassing and all-consuming love that does not require anything in return. This feeling cannot be called fully expressed, because Sonya never says anything like that out loud, and silence makes her even more beautiful. For this, she is respected by her father, a drunken former official, and her stepmother Katerina Ivanovna, who has lost her mind, and even the libertine Svidrigailov. Raskolnikov is saved and healed by her love.

Author's Beliefs

Each hero has his own worldview and faith. Everyone remains true to their beliefs. But Raskolnikov and Sonechka come to the conclusion that God can show the path to everyone, if only they feel his closeness. Dostoevsky, through his characters, talks about the fact that every person who comes to God through thorny path moral torment and research, will no longer be able to look at the world the same way as before. The process of renewal and rebirth of man will begin.

Key qualities

Sonya Marmeladova is one of the key characters famous novel Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment.” Thanks to this image, readers think about the best human qualities: self-sacrifice, mercy, the ability of devoted love and sincere faith in God.

Ideas and image of Sonya

Sonya is a young girl about eighteen years old, thin, blue-eyed and fair-haired. She is the daughter of the former official Marmeladov. After losing his place in the service, he began to drink incessantly, which is why his wife Katerina and their children lead a miserable existence and starve. The girl sacrifices the purity of her body in order to provide food for her family, but she does not blame Katerina Ivanovna for this, who forced her to go to the panel, but simply resigns herself to her fate. Sonya commits sin for the sake of her family, but she is very ashamed of herself and of God, in whom she deeply believes. Because she stepped over moral laws, she is embarrassed to be around decent women - Raskolnikov’s mother and sister; Sonya cannot even sit down in their presence, fearing that it will offend them. Every act of a meek and modest girl is performed not for her own sake, but for the sake of someone; despite her occupation, Sonya appears before readers as a true Christian and righteous woman. All the girl’s actions are based on endless, Christian love for her neighbors: because of her love for her father, she gives him money for drinks, because of her love for Raskolnikov, she helps him cleanse his soul and goes with him to hard labor.

Sonya as a path to redemption

The image of Sonya Marmeladova and her ideas are a kind of opposite to the image of Rodion Raskolnikov and his theory. The girl is guided in everything by the law of God and therefore does not understand the ideas of the young man; for her, all people are equal, and no one can rise above everyone else, much less take someone’s life. It is Sonya Raskolnikov who talks about committed crime, and thanks to the girl, he was able to repent and admit this and the investigation. Sonya is ready to go to hard labor with him, because she also transgressed the biblical commandments and believes that she must suffer for the sake of purification. “We are cursed together, we will go together,” Rodion Raskolnikov tells her. The young man’s fellow convicts felt the kindness and love for everything around him emanating from Sonya, who treated everyone with respect, and therefore fell in love with her. Thanks to Sonya, Raskolnikov was subsequently able to truly repent of his actions, turn to God and begin new life with new beliefs.

Favorite hero of Dostoevsky

Sonya Marmeladova was one of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky’s favorite heroines. Through the image and beliefs of the girl, the writer reveals his own thoughts and ideas regarding faith in goodness and God, love for people and justice.