Author's comments in dramaturgy. Dramaturgy typical questions on dramatic works - document
DRAMATURGY
Typical questions about dramatic works
Within what literary movement was it created? this work? Classicism, realism
What term refers to the form of speech of characters that represents an exchange of remarks? Dialogue
Determine the genre of the work.
Fonvizin “Undergrown” - comedy
Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" - comedy
Gogol "The Inspector General" - comedy
Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm” - drama
Chekhov " The Cherry Orchard" - comedy
Gorky “At the Bottom” - drama
One of the characteristic techniques of classicism is to reveal the character of the hero through his surname. What are these surnames called? Speakers
In literary criticism, what do we call characters who do not appear on stage?
Off-stage
What is the name of the hero who expresses author's position? Reasoner
The fragment shows sharp collision heroes' positions. What is such a collision called in the work? Conflict
Type of conflict? Public, love, social
What stage in the development of the action does this fragment belong to? Commencement, climax, denouement
Indicate the name of the genre of literature to which the play belongs...? Drama
What is the name of the extended statement of one character? Monologue
Name the term that refers to the statements of the characters in the play. // What is a single phrase of an interlocutor in a stage dialogue called in dramaturgy? Replica
What is the name of the part of the act (action) of a dramatic work in which the composition characters remains unchanged? Scene
What is the term that is used in literary criticism to denote an expression that has become popular? // The actor utters a succinct, laconic phrase: “Without a name, there is no person.” What is the name of this type of sayings?// What are the names of the sayings of heroes that are distinguished by brevity, capacity of thought and expressiveness? Aphorism
The given scene contains information about the characters, the place and time of the action, and describes the circumstances that took place before it began. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, which is characterized by the named features. // What term is used to designate the part of the work where the circumstances preceding the main events of the plot are depicted? Exposition
What is the main means of characterization in this fragment of the play? Speech
Name the medium of artistic representation
TRADITIONS AND INNOVATION IN DRAMATURGY
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FULL NAME. work |
Innovation |
Traditions |
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Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin Comedy "Undergrown" |
"Minor" is satirical comedy, in which, according to Gogol, the writer revealed “the wounds and illnesses of our society, severe internal abuses, which, by the merciless power of irony, are exposed in stunning evidence.” Stage-wise, Mitrofan, the same ignoramus that the title of the play refers to, is a secondary personage, but the history of his upbringing explains where he comes from. scary world Skotinins and Prostakovs. This means no longer just staging education problems, and consideration circumstances that influence the formation of personality, which corresponds to the objectives of realism. This is where a peculiar fusion of traditional and innovative elements in comedy arises. And finally, the innovation of “The Minor” was manifested in the fact that while maintaining one line of development of the intrigue (several contenders are fighting for Sophia’s hand and heart: Milon, who sincerely loves her and is loved by her, as well as Skotinin and Mitrofan, who have learned about the rich dowry, or rather, his mother, trying to ensure her son’s happiness), Fonvizin includes several interrelated problems in the play. The main ones are the problems of serfdom, education and form. state power, which in comedy, as in reality, are interdependent. The author also raises questions about the consistent performance of “duties” by each citizen, about the character family relations, about the education of nobles and others. |
Built according to the rules of classicism ( rules of three unities: unity of place, time and action); also uses such a technique of classicism, which helps to reveal the characters of the heroes, such as speaking names and last names; in the spirit of classicism, he depicts Fonvizin and his favorite hero Starodum as a reasoning hero expressing the author’s point of view; as it should positive hero in the plays of classicism, Starodum speaks correctly, bookish language. But Fonvizin expands the narrow framework of classicism, introducing other individual traits into the hero’s speech: aphoristic, rich in archaisms. |
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Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov Comedy "Woe from Wit" |
The artistic form of the play created by Griboedov was indeed very unusual and unusual for his contemporaries, since it combined traditional and innovative elements. The comedy, like no other work, combined features that were characteristic of classicism, which resisted new trends, and romanticism, which was rapidly gaining strength, and realism, which was taking its first steps. In this sense, "Woe from Wit" remains one of the most unique artistic creatures beginning of the nineteenth century in Russian literature. Firstly, his comedy was written “not in iambic hexameter with pyitic liberties, and in free verse, as before only fables were written.” Secondly, it was written “not in bookish language, which no one spoke, but lively, easy spoken Russian" Thirdly, “every word of Griboyedov’s comedy amazed with the speed of the mind, and almost every verse in it turned into a proverb or a saying." Fourthly, Griboedov’s comedy “rejected artificial love, reasoners, home-wreckers and all the vulgar, worn-out mechanism of ancient drama.” Griboyedov amazingly managed combine “social comedy” with love drama, and besides, he increased the plot tension with the invention of Chatsky’s madness. He introduces the comedy romantic hero,
“exceptional person in exceptional circumstances” (this is typical of romanticism). Chatsky opens a gallery of “extra” people in Russian literature: Onegin, Pechorin, Bazarov. All of them seem to be outside society, cannot find use for their powers, and are worried love drama and confront a society that does not understand them. Another innovation by A. S. Griboyedov, which allowed him to expand the time frame of the work and indicate character traits an entire era, even affect the reign of Catherine II, - This off-stage characters. |
Griboedov preserved the unity of time (the action of the comedy takes place over one day) and place (all the action takes place in Famusov’s house). A. S. Griboedov in comedy continues the traditions of D. Fonvizin - he uses “speaking” surnames. The plot of the comedy also resembles typical classic works. A wandering hero returning to the home where he grew up; youthful love, preserved after three years of separation; the maid to whom Sophia trusts her heartfelt secrets; strict father Sophia, a girl of marriageable age, who is concerned about finding a worthy groom (“What a commission, creator, to be a father to an adult daughter!”), and, finally, a love triangle, in which six people are actually involved: Sophia, Molchalin, Chatsky, Famusov , Lisa and Petrusha are all fairly common plot elements for a classic work. |
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Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol Comedy "The Inspector General" |
Developing Griboedov's tendencies, he creates a comedy that is completely new in its principles of construction and subjects of exposure. Looking back at the works of his predecessors, Gogol comes to the conclusion that the love affair has already exhausted itself. Seeing that she was becoming the basis dramatic conflict too often, Gogol decides to choose a different path. He finds a new plot, more relevant for modern times: the plot about the auditor. "Inspector" - realistic comedy. All heroes are typical characters. The situation shown in the comedy is unusual, but it develops quite realistically; the exceptionality of the situation is psychologically justified. In the drama of the 18th century, the vulgar world, the accusatory world, is always contrasted with a bright beginning. In Gogol's comedy there is no ideal, there is no other than what is depicted. From this we can conclude that everything that happens in the play is the norm, the law of reality. The only one the positive character in the play is laughter, designed to expose and ridicule social vices. The image of this city is not a specific image, but a collective one. The concentration of all sorts of abuses here is unrealistic, but at the same time typical. Gogol's innovation in the comedy "The Inspector General" is that it depicts a situation in which deception occurs involuntarily, since Khlestakov does not pretend to be anyone, and only his inner emptiness and passivity confirm the possibility of such a situation arising. Khlestakov - a brilliant discovery G Ogolya, who considered him the most complex and difficult character in his play. The main feature of his character is, as Gogol puts it, “the desire to play a role higher than his own.” This is the most significant feature of “Khlestakovism” as a socio-historical phenomenon. Khlestakov is a nonentity who, by force of circumstances, was elevated to a pedestal. All actions of the play are based on the behavior of the characters in emergency situation arrival of the auditor, corresponding to the character of each of them. |
Gogol continues the traditions of Fonvizin and Griboyedov, but at the same time he overcomes the edifying features of drama and creates a model of social |
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Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky Drama "Thunderstorm" |
Thunderstorm is drama, not a tragedy. It is based not on the tragedy of an individual, but on the conflict between Katerina and the dark kingdom, and although Katerina dies, the genre is precisely a drama. At the same time, it also has comedic traditions, this concerns satirical depiction of the morals of the patriarchal merchant environment. Ostrovsky was the first to show this environment in drama, for which he received the nickname Columbus of Zamoskvorechye, which emphasizes his role as the discoverer of the theme. Accordingly, it becomes important speech characteristics of the characters, reflecting their level of education and culture, behavior, and attitude to life. Important role I'm playing V drama symbols,
emphasizing state of mind characters or the author’s attitude towards them. Yes, one of symbolic images the bird with which Katerina compares herself more than once. Also one of the most significant characters in the drama, having a connection with its name, thunderstorm symbol, denoting discord in Katerina’s soul, God’s punishment for the sin she committed. Finally, we can point out that the lightning rod is associated with the image of Kuligin as a symbol of enlightenment, knowledge that he is trying to bring to his fellow countrymen, the residents of Kalinov. N. A. Dobrolyubov, considering the issue of innovation of A. N. Ostrovsky the playwright, notes two characteristics. Firstly, a certain moral incongruity reflected in the conflict of the drama. The traditional struggle between feeling and duty in the heroine’s soul is resolvedҭ
in favor of feeling, and this evokes the reader’s compassion. Katerina is a criminal, from the point of view of moral and religious principles, a sinful wife who cheated on her husband, but readers sympathize with the sinner who violated her duty. |
Ostrovsky's creativity is the legacy of Gogol's realism. |
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Anton Pavlovich Chekhov Play, comedy “The Cherry Orchard” |
Chekhov's play “The Cherry Orchard,” written at the turn of two centuries, was fundamentally different from the plays of Fonvizin, Griboyedov (who had already combined the features of classicism and realism in their work), Gogol and even Ostrovsky. There is no conflict or action that creates the "electricity" of the play, nor love triangle, not even the usual composition. Chekhov completely departs from the canons of classicism. Each hero is individually not given a label; this is a living person. There is no climax or denouement of the action as such. The play seems to be about nothing. Some moment in the life of some people. The work begins and ends with an ellipsis. But Chekhov’s life is not only the background against which events develop, like Ostrovsky’s, it is a story behind which another, the story of souls, is hidden. Therefore, the conflict develops not on stage, but in the souls of the heroes. Chekhov’s “New Drama,” like all things of genius, had a number of followers, for example, M. Gorky (“At the Depths”) |
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Maxim Gorky Social and philosophical drama “At the Bottom” |
“At the Lower Depths” is the pinnacle of Gorky’s dramaturgy and one of the most powerful dramatic works of our century, and by the standards of that time, the most advanced. Dramatic skill Gorky is very original. The author's attention is focused on the display social types and phenomena, and the image of reality itself is deeply generalized. The play has several ideological and thematic plans, which are more or less related to the main idea. Important Feature Gorky's drama is absent from it central character and dividing characters into positive and negative. The author pays main attention to the self-awareness of the characters, identifying their social and philosophical views. If in his early works the writer did not touch upon the reasons that gave rise to this phenomenon, then in the play “At the Bottom” a harsh sentence was sounded social order, who was responsible for the suffering of people. With its entire content, the play called for a fight for a revolutionary transformation of reality. Associated with this is the high skill speech characteristics in Gorky's dramaturgy. It is significant that in play "At the Bottom" the writer completely abandoned the “tramp” jargon. But how beautifully the speech of the characters in the play conveys the diversity of their characters, moods, feelings and thoughts! Bitter does not often use the form of an extended monologue. In his plays, dialogue predominates, a remark, sometimes said casually, but always extremely intense internal meaning. In their speech characteristics Bitter strived to ensure that the personality was characterized comprehensively: from the point of view of class, and from the point of view of individual characteristics. He ensured that every remark, every word of the hero revealed his character with maximum expressiveness. |
Continues the traditions of Chekhov |
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Questions for the exam on Russian literature, realistic stories by Gorky
Questions for the examPersonnel. “ By it was to the suit typical tramp, By face... clearly manifested itself in dramaturgy. In the play “On...Daily questions modernity, By significance... works. Here comes the decomposition noble estate("Scaring Silence", "Wall") and dramatic ...
The literature program for grade 8 is compiled on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of basic general education, an approximate program of basic general education in literature and the program
ProgramShakespeare. Information about life playwright. « Romeo and Juliet... MMP Problematic questions By text. Job By formation of skills... MMP Conversation, problematic questions Analysis dramatic works, the transformation of Khlestakov into... the finale of the play. Typicality images of heroes...
1. Edit the text of the student’s essay.
The dark kingdom in the image
The most decisive work Ostrovsky... Everyone perceives him in their own way. Someone finds in him the most ordinary thing, love story with a sad ending, for some in this, at first glance, odious and typical story, there is a bright expressed idea, a kind of appeal from the author to readers.
The play describes the truly depressing appearance of Russian provincial cities in the first half of the 19th century. “The Thunderstorm” tells an extremely emotional story about the confrontation between the dark kingdom and the bright, pure soul of Katerina. The inhabitants of one of these wretched towns, together with their poor and pitiful little souls, filled with eternal all-consuming fear, together with their hopeless limitations, reluctance to learn more, with amazing hypocrisy and endless hypocrisy, form a terrible, destructive, sucking in everyone and everything dark kingdom. A kingdom where “all the gates have long been locked and the dogs are let down,” where even a thin ray of everything bright, pure, kind and good will never leak through.
All the characters in the drama, as in many of Ostrovsky’s plays, can be divided into “tyrants” and “victims.” The “tyrants” are Kabanikha and Dikoy. The rest are classified in the opposite category, the category of “victims.” Kabanikha is “tyrant” in the name of her ideals (a formal fulfillment of the traditional way of life, a sanctimoniously understood “piety”), and Dikoy does this to show his power over the weak, for the sake of money and personal gain: “Because we can never earn money through honest work.” more daily bread. And whoever has money, sir, tries to enslave the poor so that his labors will be free more money make money."
Kabanikha embodies the patriarchal type of Russian provincial town, and Dikoy is “modern”: the power of money and brute force. But still, their role is similar: they are representatives of the older generation, persecuting the young, preventing them from achieving their happiness.
In my opinion, Kabanikha and Dikoy are the most colorful characters of the dark kingdom, whose meager spiritual image quite clearly expressed. The rest, in my opinion, are a boring and uninteresting gray mass of people living in constant fear, indulging people like Dikoy and Kabanikha in everything with the help of sycophancy. But they can be understood, since they have no other choice (except, of course, death), all this is a kind of means of survival V shifting dark kingdom.
Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm" proves that there is still a force that will ultimately eclipse all this boundless arbitrariness and tyranny. Both Kabanikha and Dikoy perfectly feel the instability and quick end, the collapse and demise of their personal limited world with its own foundations and orders, the world of “tyrants”.
2. Do the characters change throughout the play? Expand your position based on the text. Draw a conclusion from your observations.
Katerina
Wild
Kabanikha
Kuligin
Tikhon
Boris
Varvara
Curly
3. Did Katerina suddenly decide to commit suicide? Select quotes from the text and draw a conclusion.
I act 7 phenomenon
II act 2 phenomenon
V action 2 phenomenon
V action 4 phenomenon
4. Fill out the diagram “The system of images in the play “The Thunderstorm”.
"tyrants":
“humbled” (“Where can I live by my own will?”):
“adapted” (“if only everything was covered!”):
"having their own opinion":
5. Answer the questions.
5.1. Why is Katerina being condemned by the Kalinovites?
5.2. Why is Kuligin, who expresses bold thoughts, not put on trial?
5.3. Why aren’t Boris, educated and dressed like everyone else, not put on trial?
Read the texts and complete tasks 6-14.
Look, everything is soaked. (Kuligin.) Leave me alone! Leave me alone! (WITH heartcem.) Foolish man!
Savel Prokofich, after all, this, your lordship, will benefit all ordinary people in general.
Go away! What a benefit! Who needs this benefit?
Yes, at least for you, your lordship, Savel Prokofich. If only, sir, on the boulevard, on clean place, and put it. What's the cost? Empty consumption: stone column (shows with gestures the size of each item), a copper plate, so round, and a hairpin, here’s a straight hairpin (shows with a gesture) the simplest one. I’ll put it all together and cut out the numbers myself. Now you, your lordship, when you deign to go for a walk, or others who are walking, will now come up and see what time it is. And this place is beautiful, and the view, and everything, but it’s as if it’s empty. We, too, Your Excellency, have travelers who come there to see our views, after all, it’s a decoration - it’s more pleasing to the eye.
Why are you bothering me with all this nonsense! Maybe I don’t even want to talk to you. You should have first found out whether I am in the mood to listen to you, a fool, or not. What am I to you - even, or something! Look, what an important matter you found! So he starts talking straight to the snout.
If I had minded my own business, then it would have been my fault. Otherwise, I am for the common good, your lordship. Well, what does ten rubles mean to society? You won't need more, sir.
Or maybe you want to steal; who knows you.
If I want to put my labors away for nothing, what can I steal, your lordship? Yes, everyone knows me here, no one will say anything bad about me.
Well, let them know, but I don’t want to know you.
For what, sir Savel Prokofich, honest man do you want to offend?
I'll give you a report or something! I don’t give an account to anyone more important than you. I want to think about you this way, and I think so. For others you fair man, but I think that you are a robber, that’s all. Did you want to hear this from me? So listen! I say I’m a robber, and that’s the end of it! So, are you going to sue me or something? So you know that you are a worm. If I want, I will have mercy, if I want, I will crush.
God be with you, Savel Prokofich! I, sir, small man, it won't take long to offend me. And I’ll tell you this, your lordship: “And virtue is honored in rags!”
Don't you dare be rude to me! Can you hear me!
I am not doing anything rude to you, sir; but I’m telling you because maybe you’ll even think about doing something for the city someday. You, your lordship, have a lot of strength; If only there was the will to do a good deed. Let’s just take it now: we have frequent thunderstorms, but we won’t install thunder diverters.
Wild (proudly)
Everything is vanity!
But what’s the fuss when the experiments took place?
What kind of lightning taps do you have there?
Steel.
Wild (with anger)
Well, what else?
Steel poles.
Wild (getting more and more angry). I heard that poles, you kind of asp; and what else? Set up: poles! Well, what else?
Nothing more.
What do you think a thunderstorm is, huh? Well, speak up.
Electricity.
Wild (stomping his foot). What other beauty there is! Well, how come you’re not a robber! A thunderstorm is sent to us as punishment, so that we can feel it, but you want to defend yourself, God forgive me, with poles and some kind of rods. What are you, a Tatar, or what? Are you Tatar? Oh, speak up! Tatar?
Savel Prokofich, your lordship, Derzhavin said: I decay with my body in dust, I command thunder with my mind.
And for these words, send you to the mayor, so he will give you a hard time! Hey, honorable ones, listen to what he says!
There is nothing to do, we must submit! But when I have a million, then I’ll talk. (Waving his hand, he leaves.)
Well, are you going to steal from someone? Hold it! Such a fake little man! What kind of person should be with these people? I really don't know. (Addressing the people.) Yes, you damned ones will lead anyone into sin! I didn’t want to get angry today, but he, as if on purpose, made me angry. May he fail! (Angrily.) Has it stopped raining?
It seems he has stopped.
Seems! And you, fool, go and have a look. And so it seems!
1st (coming out from under the vaults)
Stopped!
, "Storm"
6. What is the genre of the work from which the fragment is taken?
7. Which class, depicted by Ostrovsky, is Dikoy a representative?
8. In what city do the events take place?
9. The action depicted in the above scene unfolds through the verbal communication of the characters. What is the exchange of remarks between characters in a dramatic work called in literary criticism?
10. The speech of the characters and the action in this scene are accompanied by comments (“With a heart”, “shows with gestures the size of each thing”, “with anger”, etc.). What are such author's comments called in dramaturgy?
11. The characters and views on life of Dikiy and Kuligin are opposite. How in dramatic work Irreconcilable contradiction between heroes is called?
12. Dikoy mentions the mayor, who is not directly involved in the play. What is the name of such a character?
13. What dramatic means and how do they help the author reveal the characters of the characters in the given fragment?
14. Why does Kuligin call himself a “little man” and in what works of Russian literature is the theme of the “little man” revealed?
Read the passage and answer questions 15-26.
Boris (without seeing Katerina)
Katerina (runs up to him and falls on his neck)
I finally saw you! (Cries on his chest.) Silence.
Well, we cried together, God brought us. Katerina. Have you forgotten me? Boris. How to forget that you!
Katerina
Oh, no, not that, not that! Are you angry at me? Boris. Why should I be angry?
Katerina
Well, forgive me! I didn’t want to do you harm; Yes, I was not free in myself. I couldn’t remember what I said, what I did.
That's enough! what you!
Katerina
Well, how are you? How are you now?
Katerina
Where are you going?
Far away, Katya, to Siberia.
Katerina
Take me with you from here!
I can't, Katya. I’m not going of my own free will: my uncle sends me, and the horses are ready; I just asked my uncle for a minute, I wanted to at least say goodbye to the place where we met.
Katerina
Go with God! Don't worry about me. At first it will only be boring for you, poor thing, and then you will forget.
What is there to talk about me! I am a free bird. How are you? What about mother-in-law?
Katerina
Tormenting me, locking me away. She tells everyone and her husband: “Don’t trust her, she’s cunning.” Everyone follows me around all day and laughs right in my eyes. Everyone reproaches you at every word.
Katerina
He is sometimes affectionate, sometimes angry, and drinks everything. Yes, he was hateful to me, hateful, his caress is worse to me than beatings.
Is it hard for you, Katya?
Katerina
It’s so hard, so hard that it’s easier to die!
Who knew that we should suffer so much for our love with you! It would be better for me to run then!
Katerina
Unfortunately, I saw you. I saw little joy, but grief, what grief! And there’s still so much more to come! Well, what to think about what will happen! Now I’ve seen you, they won’t take that away from me; and I don’t need anything else. All I needed was to see you. Now it has become much easier for me; It was as if a weight had been lifted from my shoulders. And I kept thinking that you were angry with me, cursing me...
What are you, what are you!
Katerina
No, that’s not what I’m saying; That's not what I wanted to say! I missed you, that's what, well, I saw you...
They wouldn't find us here!
Katerina
Wait, wait! I wanted to tell you something... I forgot! Something needed to be said! Everything is confused in my head, I don’t remember anything.
Time for me, Katya!
Katerina
Wait, wait!
Well, what did you want to say?
Katerina
I'll tell you now. (Thinking.) Yes! You will go on your way, don’t let a single beggar pass by, give it to everyone and order them to pray for my sinful soul.
Oh, if only these people knew what it’s like for me to say goodbye to you! My God! May God grant that someday they may feel as sweet as I do now. Goodbye Katya! (Hugs and hoto leave.) You are the villains! Monsters! Oh, if only there was strength!
, "Storm"
15. To which literary direction second halfDoes Ostrovsky's work belong to the 19th century?
16. What action of Katerina will immediately follow the events depicted?
17. What is the name in dramaturgy for a single phrase of an interlocutor in a stage dialogue?
18. Write down the phrase that throughout the play was the poetic leitmotif of the image of Katerina, and the one uttered by Boris in this scene exposes his insincerity (a fragment from the words “Ride with God!”).
19. Katerina’s response to Boris’s remark (“Who knew that it would be worth it for our love to suffer so much with you!..”) is a detailed statement. What is this type of statement called in a dramatic work?
20. Last words Boris contain exclamations aimed at attracting the attention of listeners. What are these exclamations called?
21. How are Boris and Tikhon similar? Expand your position.
22. What caused Katerina’s protest in the drama “The Thunderstorm” and in which works of Russian literatureAre the 19th century heroes depicted as rebels?
24. Do you agree with the critic’s opinion: “Instead of a thunderstorm, the author could have made a mouse run in the same way... and the result would have been the same”? Justify your position.
25. Is it true that Katerina’s inner appearance is more complex than that of other heroes? Justify your position.
26. Can “The Thunderstorm” be called melodrama?
"Thunderstorm" A.N. Ostrovsky
Wild. Look, everything is soaked. ( Kuligina.) Leave me alone! Leave me alone! ( With heart.) Foolish man!
Kuligin. Savel Prokofich, after all, this, your lordship, will benefit all ordinary people in general.
Wild. Go away! What a benefit! Who needs this benefit?
Kuligin. Yes, at least for you, your lordship, Savel Prokofich. If only I could put it on the boulevard, in a clean place, sir. What's the cost? Empty consumption: stone column ( shows with gestures the size of each item), a copper plate, so round, and a hairpin, here’s a straight hairpin ( shows with a gesture), the simplest one. I’ll put it all together and cut out the numbers myself. Now you, your lordship, when you deign to go for a walk, or others who are walking, will now come up and see what time it is. And this place is beautiful, and the view, and everything, but it’s as if it’s empty. We, too, Your Excellency, have travelers who come there to see our views, after all, it’s a decoration - it’s more pleasing to the eye.
Wild. Why are you bothering me with all this nonsense! Maybe I don’t even want to talk to you. You should have first found out whether I am in the mood to listen to you, a fool, or not. What am I to you - even, or something! Look, what an important matter you found! So he starts talking straight to the snout.
Kuligin. If I had minded my own business, then it would have been my fault. Otherwise, I am for the common good, your lordship. Well, what does ten rubles mean to society? You won't need more, sir.
Wild. Or maybe you want to steal; who knows you.
Kuligin. If I want to put my labors away for nothing, what can I steal, your lordship? Yes, everyone knows me here, no one will say anything bad about me.
Wild. Well, let them know, but I don’t want to know you.
Kuligin. Why, sir Savel Prokofich, would you like to offend an honest man?
Wild. I'll give you a report or something! I don’t give an account to anyone more important than you. I want to think about you this way, and I think so. For others, you are an honest person, but I think that you are a robber, that’s all. Did you want to hear this from me? So listen! I say I’m a robber, and that’s the end of it! So, are you going to sue me or something? So you know that you are a worm. If I want, I will have mercy, if I want, I will crush.
Kuligin. God be with you, Savel Prokofich! I, sir, am a small person; it won’t take long to offend me. And I’ll tell you this, your lordship: “And virtue is honored in rags!”
Wild. Don't you dare be rude to me! Can you hear me!
Kuligin. I am not doing anything rude to you, sir; but I’m telling you because maybe you’ll even think about doing something for the city someday. You, your lordship, have a lot of strength; If only there was the will to do a good deed. Let’s just take it now: we have frequent thunderstorms, but we won’t install thunder diverters.
Wild (proudly). Everything is vanity!
Kuligin. But what’s the fuss when the experiments took place?
Wild. What kind of lightning taps do you have there?
Kuligin. Steel.
Wild (with anger). Well, what else?
Kuligin. Steel poles.
Wild (getting more and more angry). I heard that poles, you kind of asp; and what else? Set up: poles! Well, what else?
Kuligin. Nothing more.
Wild. What do you think a thunderstorm is, huh? Well, speak up.
Kuligin. Electricity.
Wild (stamping his foot). What other beauty there is! Well, how come you’re not a robber! A thunderstorm is sent to us as punishment, so that we can feel it, but you want to defend yourself, God forgive me, with poles and some kind of rods. What are you, a Tatar, or what? Are you Tatar? Oh, speak up! Tatar?
Kuligin. Savel Prokofich, your lordship, Derzhavin said:
My body is crumbling into dust,
I command thunder with my mind.
Wild. And for these words, send you to the mayor, so he will give you a hard time! Hey, honorable ones, listen to what he says!
Kuligin. There is nothing to do, we must submit! But when I have a million, then I’ll talk. (Waving his hand, he leaves.)
Wild. Well, are you going to steal from someone? Hold it! Such a fake little man! What kind of person should be with these people? I really don't know. ( Addressing the people). Yes, you damned ones will lead anyone into sin! I didn’t want to get angry today, but he, as if on purpose, made me angry. May he fail! ( Angrily). Has it stopped raining?
1st. It seems he has stopped.
Wild. Seems! And you, fool, go and have a look. And so it seems!
1st ( coming out from under the vaults). Stopped!
The third phenomenon
Varvara and then Boris.
Varvara. It seems he is!
Boris (passes at the back of the stage). Ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
Boris (looks around). Come here. ( Beckons with his hand.)
Boris (included). What should Katerina and I do? Please tell me!
Boris. And what?
Varvara. It’s a problem, and that’s all. My husband has arrived, do you know that? And they didn’t wait for him, but he arrived.
Boris. No, I didn't know.
Varvara. She just didn't feel like herself!
Boris. Apparently, I was the only one who lived for ten days while he was gone. Now you won't see her!
Show answer
Remark - author's explanation in a dramatic work, with the help of which the location of action, the external or spiritual appearance of the characters, various psychological states, experienced by them. Remarque, along with action and dialogue, is a sign of drama as a special literary genre.
remark
Prepare for the Unified State Exam in social studies, mathematics, Russian online at 85+ in 3 months
At the very edge of the village of Mironositsky, in the barn of the elder Prokofy, the belated hunters settled down for the night. There were only two of them: the veterinarian Ivan Ivanovich and the gymnasium teacher Burkin. Ivan Ivanovich had a rather strange, double surname– Chimsha-Himalayan, which did not suit him at all, and throughout the entire province they called him simply by his first and patronymic; he lived near the city at a horse farm and now came to hunt to breathe clean air. The gymnasium teacher Burkin visited Counts P. every summer and in this area had long been his own man.
We didn't sleep. Ivan Ivanovich, a tall, thin old man with a long mustache, was sitting outside at the entrance and smoking a pipe; the moon illuminated him. Burkin lay inside on the hay, and he was not visible in the darkness.
They told different stories. Among other things, they said that the headman’s wife, Mavra, a healthy and intelligent woman, had never been anywhere further than her native village in her entire life, had never seen either the city or railway, and in the last ten years I kept sitting behind the stove and only went out at night.
– What's surprising here!- said Burkin. – There are many people in this world who are lonely by nature, who, like a hermit crab or a snail, try to retreat into their shell. Perhaps this is a phenomenon of atavism, a return to the time when the ancestor of man was not yet a social animal and lived alone in his den, or maybe this is just one of the varieties of human character– who knows? I am not a natural scientist and it is not my place to touch upon such issues; I just want to say that people like Mavra are not uncommon. Well, it’s not far to look, two months ago a certain Belikov, a teacher, died in our city Greek language, my comrade. You've heard about him, of course. He was remarkable in that he always, even in very good weather, went out in galoshes and with an umbrella and certainly in a warm coat with cotton wool. And he had an umbrella in a case, and a watch in a gray suede case, and when he took out a penknife to sharpen a pencil, his knife was also in a case; and his face, it seemed, was also in a cover, since he kept hiding it in his raised collar. He wore dark glasses, a sweatshirt, stuffed his ears with cotton wool, and when he got into the cab, he ordered the top to be raised. In a word, this man had a constant and irresistible desire to surround himself with a shell, to create for himself, so to speak, a case that would seclude him and protect him from external influences. Reality irritated him, frightened him, kept him in constant anxiety, and, perhaps, in order to justify this timidity of his, his aversion to the present, he always praised the past and what never happened; and the ancient languages that he taught were for him, in essence, the same galoshes and umbrella where he hid from real life.
Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.
Wild. Look, everything is soaked. (Kuligin.) Leave me alone! Leave me alone! (With heart.) Foolish man!
Kuligin. Savel Prokofich, after all, this, your lordship, will benefit all ordinary people in general.
Wild. Go away! What a benefit! Who needs this benefit?
Kuligin. Yes, at least for you, your lordship, Savel Prokofich. If only I could put it on the boulevard, in a clean place, sir. What's the cost? Empty consumption: stone column (shows the size of each item with gestures), a copper plate, so round, and a hairpin, here’s a straight hairpin (shows with a gesture), the simplest one. I’ll put it all together and cut out the numbers myself. Now you, your lordship, when you deign to go for a walk, or others who are walking, will now come up and see what time it is. And this place is beautiful, and the view, and everything, but it’s as if it’s empty. We, too, Your Excellency, have travelers who come there to look at our views, after all, it’s a decoration - it’s more pleasing to the eye.
Wild. Why are you bothering me with all this nonsense! Maybe I don’t even want to talk to you. You should have first found out whether I am in the mood to listen to you, a fool, or not. What am I to you - even, or something! Look, what an important matter you found! So he starts talking straight to the snout.
Kuligin. If I had minded my own business, then it would have been my fault. Otherwise, I am for the common good, your lordship. Well, what does ten rubles mean to society? You won't need more, sir.
Wild. Or maybe you want to steal; who knows you.
Kuligin. If I want to put my labors away for nothing, what can I steal, your lordship? Yes, everyone knows me here, no one will say anything bad about me.
Wild. Well, let them know, but I don’t want to know you.
Kuligin. Why, sir Savel Prokofich, would you like to offend an honest man?
Wild. I'll give you a report or something! I don’t give an account to anyone more important than you. I want to think about you this way, and I think so. For others, you are an honest person, but I think that you are a robber, that’s all. Did you want to hear this from me? So listen! I say I’m a robber, and that’s the end of it! So, are you going to sue me or something? So you know that you are a worm. If I want, I will have mercy, if I want, I will crush.
Kuligin. God be with you, Savel Prokofich! I, sir, am a small person; it won’t take long to offend me. And I’ll tell you this, your lordship: “And virtue is honored in rags!”
Wild. Don't you dare be rude to me! Can you hear me!
Kuligin. I am not doing anything rude to you, sir; but I’m telling you because maybe you’ll even think about doing something for the city someday. You, your lordship, have a lot of strength; If only there was the will to do a good deed. Let’s just take it now: we have frequent thunderstorms, but we won’t install thunder diverters.
Wild (proudly). Everything is vanity!
Kuligin. But what’s the fuss when the experiments took place?
Wild. What kind of lightning taps do you have there?
Kuligin. Steel.
Wild (with anger). Well, what else?
Kuligin. Steel poles.
Wild (getting more and more angry). I heard that poles, you kind of asp; and what else? Set up: poles! Well, what else?
Kuligin. Nothing more.
Wild. What do you think a thunderstorm is, huh? Well, speak up.
Kuligin. Electricity.
Wild (stomping his foot). What other beauty there is! Well, how come you’re not a robber! A thunderstorm is sent to us as punishment, so that we can feel it, but you want to defend yourself, God forgive me, with poles and some kind of rods. What are you, a Tatar, or what? Are you Tatar? Oh, speak up! Tatar?
Kuligin. Savel Prokofich, your lordship, Derzhavin said:
My body is crumbling into dust,
I command thunder with my mind.
Wild. And for these words, send you to the mayor, so he will give you a hard time! Hey, honorable ones, listen to what he says!
Kuligin. There is nothing to do, we must submit! But when I have a million, then I’ll talk. (Waving his hand, he leaves.)
Wild. Well, are you going to steal from someone? Hold it! Such a fake little man! What kind of person should be with these people? I really don't know. (Addressing the people). Yes, you damned ones will lead anyone into sin! I didn’t want to get angry today, but he, as if on purpose, made me angry. May he fail! (Angrily). Has it stopped raining?
1st. It seems he has stopped.
Wild. Seems! And you, fool, go and have a look. And then - it seems!
1st (coming out from under the vaults). Stopped! The third phenomenon
Varvara and then Boris.
Varvara. It seems he is!
Boris (passes at the back of the stage). Ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
Boris (looks around). Come here. (Beckons with his hand.)
Varvara (included). What should Katerina and I do? Please tell me!
Boris. And what?
Varvara. It’s a problem, and that’s all. My husband has arrived, do you know that? And they didn’t wait for him, but he arrived.
Boris. No, I didn't know.
Varvara. She just didn't feel like herself!
Boris. Apparently, I’ve only lived for ten days, so far! He was absent. Now you won't see her!
A. N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”
