Kondratiev Sashka the problem of mutual assistance in an emergency situation. Patriotism, love for the Motherland - arguments of the Unified State Exam

During the four years of the war there was not a single event of any significance that was not immediately reflected in the literature. Works of those years on a military theme were created literally in hot pursuit. This prose is called “lieutenant”, which says a lot about its authors.

Vyacheslav Kondratyev is a front-line soldier, witness and participant in the events he describes. His first story, “Sashka,” turned out to be successful. “The story of “Sashka” is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult place and in the most difficult position—as a soldier,” said K. Simonov about Kondratyev’s story.

The hero of the story is Sashka, a simple village boy of twenty-two to twenty-three years old. His youth fell on a difficult time for the country. Sashka’s previous idea of ​​the war is sharply different from what the war actually turned out to be. By taking his hero through many trials, the author reveals his character to the reader. The episode with felt boots is indicative in this regard. Risking his own life, Sashka decides to get felt boots for the company commander. He feels sorry for the company commander. “I wouldn’t do it for myself,” notes the hero. The writer emphasizes Sashka’s good nature and selflessness, his love for his neighbor.

The hero shows himself to be smart, brave, and dexterous when the Germans unexpectedly appear. At first he takes his breath away, then he comes to his senses, begins to think quickly and takes a decisive action: “he cut a long line at the Germans.” The hero looks courageous against the backdrop of a “beaten-killed” company, which, having barely received an order, happily retreats behind the ravine. Sashka rushes to the aid of the company commander. Going with him to the attack and noticing that his disc was shot, Sashka gives his to the company commander, without thinking about his life. He has one desire: “to overtake the Germans and be sure to shoot them.”

The climax of the story is the hero's fight with the German and what followed next. With hot hatred the hero rushes at the enemy and, despite the difference in strength, defeats him. However, after the capture of the German, Sashka suddenly notices that the prisoner is his same age, just as young, probably just as cheerful, and “he looks just Russian.” Sympathy penetrates Sashka’s heart. In dealing with the German, the hero behaves humanely, noting that “he is not the kind to mock a prisoner and unarmed.” Sashka not only does not use violence himself, he is against others using their “terrible power.” Kondratyev describes in detail Sashka’s ordeals, which he endures for the sake of one thing - saving the life of his enemy. “Sashka saw a lot, a lot of death during this time - if you live to be a hundred years old, you won’t see so much - but the value of human life did not diminish from this in his mind.” And this is the defining feature in the image of Sashka - the ability to preserve the human in himself in inhuman conditions, “he has some barrier or barrier in his soul that he is not able to cross.” “Well, Sashok... You are a man...” - his comrades say about him.

Sashka is humane both to his own and to strangers. Again risking his own life, he brings orderlies to the wounded soldier, whom he promised to help. Sashka cannot deceive a person, he keeps his word firmly, and values ​​human life.

The relationship between the hero and Zina is complicated. After the first meeting, having become attached to her, Sashka hopes to see love and devotion on her part. Having met Zina again, the hero discovers that she loves someone else. Sashka finds the courage to forgive her everything, because he understands her: Zina is young, she needs to somehow arrange her life, and she does not have any confidence that Sashka will return from the war. “Zina is unconvicted... It’s just war...,” the hero concludes.

Understanding is characteristic of Sashka in other episodes as well. He behaves extremely correctly with the local population along his route, knowing: it is impossible to condemn them for inhospitality - there is war. The hero knows how to find an approach to a person, knows how not to offend him.

When there is a conflict in the hospital over the quality of food, he shows extraordinary courage, taking on someone else's blame. Sashka understands that his friend Volodka is very hot-tempered and can do stupid things, but he, Sashka, is “more prudent,” and therefore he will try to somehow smooth out the current situation. The hero does not think about punishment for what he has done; the main thing for him is to save his friend.

When Zhora, enchanted by the beauty of a snowdrop, is blown up by a mine, Sashka, without a moment’s hesitation, rushes after his hat, which was thrown to the side. It is not his own life that worries him at this moment, but the awareness of his duty to his comrade: to cover his face and thus pay his last tribute. Sashka again does not think about himself and shows the ability to self-sacrifice.

At the station, the hero meets two girls going to the front. They feel sorry for the wounded, exhausted Sashka, and Sashka feels sorry for them. He understands perfectly well what awaits these young girls who have never smelled gunpowder there, on the front line, and shows great sympathy.

Moscow evokes an influx of patriotic feelings in Sashka. He suddenly understands the importance and necessity of the work that he did “there”.

In the story “Sashka” Kondratiev painted the image of an honest, brave, courageous, kind and sympathetic person.

The writer unfolded before the reader an objective picture of war, merciless and deadly.

Lesson-conference on the story “Sashka” by V. L. Kondratiev

Lesson topic: “Man at war. The problem of moral choice".

The purpose of the lesson: try to touch with your heart the living sources of the Great Victory, first of all the moral ones, to “try on” both the heroism and tragedy of those days.

Lesson equipment: computer, projector, multimedia presentation; a stand dedicated to the work of V. Kondratiev “Sashka” (there are questions for discussing the story, statements about it, illustrations); materials prepared for the lesson by students (printed texts of speeches).

Methodical techniques: exchange of information (student presentations -biographer, literary critic, historians);conversation; brief retelling; episode analysis; comparison; solution to a problematic issue.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment. Announcing the topic and purpose of the lesson. (Slides 1-3)

II. Teacher's opening speech.

The years of the Great Patriotic War are moving further and further away from us. There are fewer and fewer of us participating in it. The writer V.L. Kondratyev also passed away. But his voice continues to resound from the pages of his works, “trembling - like in the palm of your hand! – his wounded, but continuing to hurt – for all of us! - heart…"

In one interview, V.L. Kondratiev said: “Every writer should have a super task. For me, it was to tell the truth about the war that has not yet been written.”(Slide 4)

“It is not for the trophies of victory that real literature returns to the fields of ancient battles... and it does not seek glory, but wants to understand what he was like, the man who saved our land from the fascist invasion? What were they like, standing from edge to edge? After all, there was probably something in them that DOESN’T ALLOW ETERNAL HOPE FOR THE BEST AND BRIGHT, PURE POWERS OF HUMAN TO FAIL?” (I. Dedkov)(See stand)

What is higher, what is more important: an order, general opinion, circumstances, the will of someone higher than you, or you yourself with your own understanding of conscience and goodness? The old and eternal test of man: to cross or not to cross?

III . Speeches by students: biographer, literary critic, historians.

Biography of the writer V. Kondratiev. (Slides 5-6,8,9)

Literary creativity. (Slides 6-7)

The history of the creation of the story "Sashka". (Slide 10)

History of the city of Rzhev. (Slides 11, 12, 14)

Memoirs of marshals G.K. Zhukov and K.K. Rokossovsky. (Slide 13)

IV . Photo series to the soundtrack of M. Nozhkin’s song “Near Rzhev”. (Slide 15)

V . Discussion of V. Kondratiev’s story “Sashka”.

– Let us mentally transport ourselves to that time and to that land, which we learned about from the memoirs of military leaders and read in the story “Sashka”.

1. Sashka has been fighting for two months. Is it a lot or a little? What details, pictures help the writer to recreate, and for us to imagine this time?

(The life of war. The same one about which the writer will say: “... the whole war consisted of this life. The battles themselves were not the main part of a person’s life in war. The rest was life, prohibitively difficult, associated with deprivation and enormous physical exertion”) .

– How is military life shown in the story? (Slide 16)

(“The first company had no trenches or dugouts; the beaten and killed people huddled in huts. Only the company commander had a thin dugout.”

“It’s tight with food and with ammunition... I don’t have the strength to bury the guys, I don’t... After all, I can’t dig a trench for myself alive.”

“The army seemed to be standing here in winter, or maybe there were battles, because they were scattered around the sides with bulletproof helmets, zinc boxes from cartridges, rusty windings, scraps of bloody bandages and even one corpse they noticed, but they didn’t approach - enough for a lifetime we've seen enough"

“How many people did you have in your company?

One hundred fifty…

How much is left?

Sixteen…")

- Why does Kondratiev so meticulously describe this wretched life of war?

(We understand that this truth of detail and everyday life leads to the very main truth for which our literature lives - to the truth of a person who decided to remain a person in this terrible war).

Sashka gets felt boots for the company commander.

Sashka takes the German prisoner and refuses to shoot him.

The wounded Sashka, under fire, returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and hand over the machine gun.

Sashka leads the orderlies to the wounded man, not relying on them finding him themselves.

Meeting with Zina.

Sashka helps out Lieutenant Volodya.

3. One of the critics noted that V. Kondratiev led his hero through the tests of power, love, and friendship. How did Sashka survive these tests?

VI. Analysis of individual episodes.

● Episode of the capture of a German. Test of power. (“And then Sashka realized what a terrible power he now has over the German. After all, from his every word or gesture he either dies or enters into hope. He, Sashka, is now free over the life and death of another person. If he wants, he will bring him to headquarters alive, if he wants it, he’ll slam him down the road! Sashka even somehow felt uneasy, and the German, of course, understands that he is completely in Sashka’s hands. And what they told him about the Russians, only God knows! Only the German doesn’t know what kind of Sashka he is a man who is not the type to mock prisoners and unarmed people.

Sashka remembered: there was one in their company who was very angry at the Germans, one of the Belarusians, it seemed. He wouldn't have let the Fritz down. He would say: “When trying to escape,” and there would be no demand.

And Sashka felt somehow uneasy from the almost unlimited power over another person that had fallen on him.”)

How do we see Sasha in this episode? How does it make us feel? What do we value in him? (+ reference to illustration. See stand)

(Sashka inspires sympathy and self-respect with his kindness, compassion. Humanity. The war has not depersonalized or discolored Sashka’s character. He is inquisitive and inquisitive. He has his own point of view on all events. Sashka is uncomfortable with almost unlimited power over a person, he understood how terrible this power over life and death can become. We appreciate in Sashka a huge sense of responsibility for everything. Even for what he could not be responsible for. We are ashamed of the Germans for the useless defense. For the guys who were not buried: he tried to lead German so that he would not see our killed and not yet buried soldiers, and when they did come across them, Sashka was ashamed, as if he was guilty of something).

- Remember a similar episode from the novel “War and Peace” (Battle near Ostrovnaya. Nikolai Rostov and the Frenchman. Nikolai’s condition).

– Why didn't Sashka follow the order? This is an unthinkable event in the army - disobedience to the order of a superior in rank.

(Sashka feels sorry for the German and cannot imagine how he can break his word. “The value of human life has not diminished in his mind.”)

- Is there a similar episode in the novel “War and Peace”? (Dolokhov and Denisov: dispute about prisoners).

- “Sashka took a deep, deep breath... and thought: if he remains alive, then of all he has experienced, this incident will be the most memorable, the most unforgettable for him...” Why? (Slide 18)

(Sashka went into attacks, often hopeless and therefore deadly, repelled attacks from German intelligence, fought one on one with a German, saw death, but the most memorable day is the one when he did not kill a German. He did not kill in order to remain a man.

The German he did not kill is the strength of the soul fighting such a victorious, such a powerful evil. And Kondratiev convinces us that we won not because we were stronger, but because we were higher, spiritually purer.)

Which of these actions - capturing a German or saving him - can be called a feat? Which one is worthy of the award?

- Compare the life principles of Sashka and the connected battalion commander Tolik. Which side are you on?

(Tolik’s motto is “our business is a calf.” But Sashka does not want to be a calf, he wants to remain a man. Sashka and Tolik are contrasted as responsibility and irresponsibility, sympathy and indifference, honesty and selfishness).

- Does Tolik remind you of Nikolai Rostov? In what episodes? (Nicholas’ conversation with Pierre about a secret society. Nikolai: “You are my best friend..., but... if you start opposing the government, whatever it may be, I know that my duty is to obey it. And Arakcheev ordered me now to go against you with squadron and cut down - I won’t think for a second and go”)

- What do you think influenced the battalion commander’s decision to cancel the order to shoot the captured German?

- What qualities of Sashka are manifested in the episodes:

1. The wounded Sashka, under fire, returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and hand over the machine gun.

2. Sashka leads the orderlies to the wounded man, not relying on them finding him themselves.

(Responsibility, loyalty to the word)

- Can we say that Sashka is “a knight without fear and reproach”?

(Sashka experienced fear more than once, but knew how to overcome it).

Comparison with the episode: “On the Raevsky battery.

Pierre: “Are you afraid?”

Soldier: “But how can that be?.. After all, she will not have mercy. She will smack and her guts will be out. You can’t help but be afraid...”

Front-line poet Yu. Drunina wrote: “Whoever says that there is no fear in war knows nothing about war”)

● Episode "Meeting with Zina." Test of love.

-What does Zina mean in Sashka’s life? (+ Refer to illustration. See stand)

(Sashka and Zina. How complicated everything is in their fate: love and jealousy are intertwined. And yet, after parting, Sashka says: “Zina is uncondemned. It’s just war... And he has no grudge against her.” This is equivalent to Pushkin’s “As you give God loves you to be different.”

So again we saw Sashka’s maturity. But he is just over twenty: after serving his military service in the Far East, he ended up on Rzhev land, where he received a baptism of fire.)

Does Sashka’s behavior contradict your opinion about his character or, on the contrary, confirm an already established opinion about him?

(Sashka remains Sashka: justice, kindness prevailed here too. Sashka did not become bitter, did not become coarse, he managed to understand Zina and not condemn her, although it was bitter and painful for him. “Zina is not judged... It’s just war... And he has no grudge against her! ."

Since they are in love, what right does he have to interfere with her? And Sashka leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary conversations. He wouldn't have it any other way).

● Episode “Front-line friendship with Volodya.” Test of friendship.

- How does Sashka behave during his brief front-line friendship with Lieutenant Volodya?

-Do we condemn or justify Sashka in the episode with calming the soldiers? And the author?

(The author sympathizes with Sashka: he, who looks not at all heroic, not a dashing soldier, turned out to be stronger and braver than the desperate lieutenant from Maryina Roshcha, helps him out of trouble. “This story was worth the nerves, to be honest, I didn’t “give a damn” at all Sashka")

VII. Solving a Moral Problem

- There is “necessary” and “extra necessary”. Does Sashka go overboard? Or is it the conscience that commands?

(From Sashka’s point of view, his behavior and actions are the norm, nothing supernatural. He cannot do otherwise. There are no two consciences - conscience and another conscience: conscience either exists or it doesn’t, just as there are no two patriotisms).

VIII. conclusions

- Why is Sashka attractive? What did the author want to show in it? (Slide 19)

The character of Sashka is Kondratiev’s discovery. An inquisitive mind and simplicity, vitality and active kindness, modesty and self-esteem - all this was combined in the integral character of the hero. Kondratiev discovered the character of a person from the thick of the people, formed by his time and embodying the best features of this time. “The story of Sashka is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult place in the most difficult position - a soldier.” “...If I hadn’t read Sashka, I would have been missing something, not in literature, but simply in life. Together with him, I made another friend, a person I loved,” wrote K. Simonov.

- What does Sashka mean to you, since he is close to you in age?

It was not by chance that we tried to compare episodes from the story by V. Kondratiev and the novel by L.N. Tolstoy. What Tolstoy traditions in the depiction of “war” and “peace”, man in war, have you discovered?

IX. . Final words from the teacher.

Indeed, many of Tolstoy’s thoughts about war and peace were reflected in V. Kondratiev’s story. And therefore, it is probably appropriate to end the lesson with an address from the writer V. Kondratiev to you, high school students (See stand):

“To the guys: for our military generation, the most important thing was that from childhood we were replenished with the great Russian literature of the last century. She instilled in us civic and high moral concepts that allowed us to live in terrible times and remain pure, without sullying our conscience. I wish the same to all of you, i.e. to read and read holy Russian literature.”

X. Homework: write an essay-reasoning: “Why is the story “Sashka” a work needed today?” or give a detailed answer to the question “What impression did the story “Sashka” make on me? “How do you understand the words “Hearts!” But these are heights that cannot be given away”? (See stand)

References

V.L. Kondratiev. Hello from the front. Novels and short stories - Moscow, “Fiction”, 1995.

A work about the Great Patriotic War in literature lessons and in extracurricular activities. – M., “Enlightenment”, 1985.

N. Krupina, N. Sosnina. “I bequeath my life to you...” (High school students discuss V. Kondratiev’s story “Sashka”) - “Literature at School”, No. 3 1989.

A. Kogan. ...He lived and died like a soldier. About Vyacheslav Kondratiev, his life and work, his difficult fate. – “Literature at school”, No. 2 1995.

There are a number of works in Russian literature that truthfully describe the terrible everyday life at the front of the Great Patriotic War. The story “Sashka” can easily be included in these works, the analysis of which we want to analyze using reasoning in this article. In this story there are no pompous words that would glorify the Russian soldier and the exploits of the people. Vyacheslav Kondratyev did not set out to reflect here the valiant victories of the soldiers, although it must be noted that the author is a front-line writer, so his view is especially impartial, and the events are presented exactly as they actually happened. So, let's analyze the story "Sashka" by Kondratiev.

What is the story about?

Let us highlight the main theme of the work “Sashka”. The author showed the daily life of ordinary soldiers, their work and courage on the battlefields. It is important to know that Kondratiev went to the front at the end of 1941, and fought in a rifle brigade that acted in fierce battles near Rzhev, defending the city. Having been wounded, he was awarded a medal. Of course, his memories and impressions of that terrible time formed the basis of his work.

In order to make a more accurate analysis of the story “Sashka,” one must understand that Kondratiev began writing his work not immediately after returning from the front and not a year or two later, but much later, when the author had already reached adulthood. In 1979, the text of the story was published in the magazine "Friendship of Peoples", and this was a year before the writer's sixtieth birthday.

And here’s what’s interesting: years passed, and Kondratyev could not completely distract himself for a single night from his memories of the comrades with whom he had the opportunity to defend Rzhev in 1942. Having tried to find any of them, he failed, after which he began to think that perhaps no one else had survived except him. He began to re-read various works about the war years, about battles at the front, but could not find the whole truth that would touch him to the depths of his soul. And then Vyacheslav Kondratyev himself took up the pen.

Analysis of the story "Sashka"

The events that the author describes in the story take place in the spring, when winter has just begun to recede. It's still cold and muddy. Sashka, who is the main character of the work, appears to the reader as an ordinary ordinary soldier who is thrown to the front line next to Rzhev. A month of battles is over, and Sashka is already completely used to it. The Germans are advancing over and over again, and it’s getting harder and harder for the Soviet guys. There are always not enough shells, there is a lot of pressure on bread, and you often even have to walk around in wet clothes and shoes, because there is nowhere to dry them.

It should be noted that Vyacheslav Kondratiev managed to convey the smallest details of military life in his work. When we focus on the analysis of the story "Sashka", it is immediately clear that the author wants to convey the main idea: a person should not lose his conscience, honor and courage, no matter how hard it is for him, and no matter what circumstances he finds himself in.

This article presented a brief analysis of the story “Sashka” by Vyacheslav Kondratiev, we hope that it helped you get a general idea of ​​the book and understand the main goal of the author. On our blog you will find many similar articles with analyzes of works and characteristics of characters.

The work of V. L. Kondratiev “Sashka” is a story that reflects all the hardships and hardships of the war. This story contains many problems, such as: love, moral choice, friendship, compassion, but the main problem of this masterpiece of military literature is the problem of man in war.

Image of a man at war

The main character Sashka is an ordinary ordinary soldier who previously had no idea about the war. Once at the front, he experienced many hardships and losses, but this did not kill his human qualities. In two months his company lost most of its personnel. There was always a shortage of food and tobacco; there was no strength to bury the dead and build dugouts for ourselves so as not to freeze in the huts.

And, probably, any person would have become imbued with hatred of the fascists and become embittered, but this did not happen to Sashka.

There is an atmosphere of brotherly friendship among the soldiers. Sashka, despite the danger, went to the field, where shelling could start at any moment, to get dry felt boots for his company commander, knowing that there were no boots in the warehouse, and the company commander was wearing damp felt boots. This act shows that people in war are characterized by mutual assistance, and that every soldier is ready to come to the aid of his neighbor.

“Sashka paused a little and wiped the sweat from his forehead. For myself, I wouldn’t climb for anything, these felt boots will go to waste. But I feel sorry for the company commander... His pants were soaked through with water... and then he puts on dry ones and walks around in dry ones... Okay, he wasn’t!”

Mutual assistance helps to survive

Also, when the main character, on the way to the hospital, came under a mine attack, and an unfamiliar soldier was wounded by a shrapnel, Sashka came to his aid, even, despite the fatigue and pain in his hand, bandaged him. The soldier was seriously injured and urgently needed medical attention, but he was unable to get up on his own. Having marked the place where the wounded man was left with a notch on the tree, Sashka went to the hospital.

Do you hear? I'll go. Just be patient, I'll be there in a moment. And I'll send orderlies. You believe me... believe me.

After he got to him, Sashka did not go to the dressing room, but, together with the orderlies, went into the forest to fetch the wounded man. Sashka has a sore hand, he doesn’t know what to call this soldier, and the path to the forest is unsafe, but something forced him to go into the forest with the orderlies? Probably a feeling of responsibility for the wounded, whose life depends only on him. And if for some this act is heroic, then for Sashka it is the norm. Soon Sashka will not even remember how he saved the wounded soldier, and he, in turn, will remember Alexander all his life.

A man can remain a man in war

The clearest example of compassion and proof of the humanity of soldiers is the heroic capture of a German. For Sashka, this event became a difficult test, because killing an unarmed person is unthinkable. On the way to headquarters, Sashka managed to make sure that not all Germans are fascists who are eager to kill. The prisoner turned out to be a young man to whom war was as alien as Sashka, so the main character promised the German his life.

And even the commander’s order and the threat of execution if he did not carry out the order did not allow Sashka to give up his principles and break his word. For Alexander, since childhood, the oath meant a lot, and he felt that killing an unarmed person was impossible. The commander was blinded by hatred of the Germans after the murder of his sister, but even despite this, he realized that death, an innocent person, would not bring her back. He canceled the order, and this once again proves that war does not make hearts hard, even despite the grief and suffering that it brings to people. And when Sashka is asked why he was not afraid to disobey the commander’s order, he answers:

“We are people, not fascists”

And this shows that the humanity in people is irresistible.

Eventually

A man in war lives one day at a time, because there may be no tomorrow. Although love for Zina brought disappointment, it gave Sashka strength during cold, hungry nights in the field. Spending the night with Pasha in the village relieved him for some time of bad memories of the war. Friendship with Volodya made the road easier and saved me from loneliness.

A person changes a lot in war, and it is war that shows the true face of people. In his work, Kondratiev probably wanted to reflect the entire palette of human qualities that are characteristic of a Russian man in war and to show that no tests can shake faith in victory.

There are many such Sashas in the war and, probably, it is to them that we owe victory, because brave and sincere people, who are characterized by a sense of compassion and mutual assistance, could not help but defeat fascism!

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P L A N

U R O C A L I T E R A T U R Y

TOPIC: LIFE AT WAR

/based on the story “Sashka” by V. Kondratiev/

Lesson objectives:

1. identify the specifics of the depiction of war and the character of an ordinary soldier in the story by V. Kondratiev; to prove the writer’s main idea: even in inhuman conditions, a person must preserve his soul, not stain his conscience, and remain human;
2. develop a culture of reader perception of a literary text, understanding of the author’s position; imaginative and analytical thinking (the ability to analyze an episode, explain its connection with the problems of the work, the ability to compare, highlight the main thing, generalize);
3. bring up a spiritually developed personality, to form a humanistic worldview, national identity, and a sense of patriotism.

Lesson plan:

1. Listening to the beginning of the song “Once upon a time there was a war...”.
2. Teacher's opening speech.
3. Student messages.

• V. Kondratyev is a front-line writer.
• Reading of A. Tvardovsky’s poem “I was killed near Rzhev...”.
• Historical information about the battles near Rzhev.
• The writer's path to "Sashka".

1. Analysis of the story.

• Artistic details recreating the picture of war.
• Sashka as a person and a fighter.
• Three tests.
• Problematic situation.
• Features of the story.

5. Written work.

1. Lesson summary.
2. Summarizing.
3. Homework.

War - there is no crueler word.

War - there is no sadder word.

War - there is no holier word...

A.T. Tvardovsky

Preliminary homework:

1). Group assignment:

1st group: prepare a report about the front-line writer V.L. Kondratiev.

Group 2: prepare a report on the history of writing the story “Sashka”.

Group 3: prepare a historical account of the battles near Rzhev.

1. What details, pictures, facts create the atmosphere of the battles near Rzhev in the story? (make notes in notebooks).
2. Analyze the story of the captured German and answer the questions:

• What spiritual qualities of Sashka are manifested in this episode?
• What is the moral issue in this part of the story?

3. Analyze the story with Zina and answer the questions:

• What does the depiction of his relationship with Zina add to the revelation of Sashka’s character?
• How do you explain and evaluate Sashka’s behavior at the end of the second part of the story?

4. Analyze the story with Lieutenant Volodka and answer the questions:

• What are Sashka’s motives for interceding for the lieutenant?
• How do you evaluate his behavior?

3). Draw illustrations for the story (individual task).

4). Prepare an expressive reading (by heart) of an excerpt from A. Tvardovsky’s poem “I was killed near Rzhev...

DURING THE CLASSES.

I. Listening to the song “Once upon a time there was a war...”.

II. Teacher's opening speech.

The salvos of the Great Patriotic War died down long ago.

But we will be arguing about this war, opening new pages in the history of this terrible war, getting acquainted with honest and talented books about it for a long time.

L.N. Tolstoy admitted that every time he picked up a new book with the same thought about the author: what kind of person are you and what new can you tell about life?

So what kind of person is Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev? What new did he tell us about the Great Patriotic War in his story “Sashka”?

III. Student messages.

1). V. Kondratyev is a front-line writer.

Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev came to literature quite late, many years after the war, in the late 70s.

He was born in 1923. In 1939, from his first year at the institute, he joined the army and served in the Far East.

In December 1941, among the junior commanders, he was sent to the front; in 1942, he was stationed near Rzhev, where the fighting was especially difficult, and our losses were especially numerous. We can judge the severity of those battles by the fact that first he was an assistant platoon commander, then a platoon commander, and then took over the company - and all this in just one week.

Then new battles, painful, unsuccessful, such as those that Alexander Tvardovsky wrote about in the poem “I was killed near Rzhev...”.

2). Reading an excerpt from A. Tvardovsky’s poem “I was killed near Rzhev...”(from the beginning - to the words: “... for the curse of the dead is a terrible punishment”).

Vyacheslav Kondratyev was not killed; he was wounded and received the medal “For Courage”. After leave due to injury, he returned to the front, served in the railway troops, and in reconnaissance. At the end of 1943, he was seriously wounded, spent six months in the hospital, and then demobilized due to disability.

“I didn’t make it to Berlin, but I did my job in the war,”- this is how Konstantin Simonov’s story about the military fate of front-line writer Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev ends.

(Simonov K. “Bon voyage, Sashka” - “Friendship of Peoples”, 1979, No. 2)

3). Historical information about the battles near Rzhev.

The battles near Rzhev were terrible, grueling, with heavy human losses.

Marshal G.K. Zhukov writes about this in his memoirs:

“During the offensive period, the norm for ammunition consumption was established -

1-2 shots per gun per day! Therefore there are huge losses. The troops are weakened. The command asks to stop the offensive and allow us to gain a foothold on the achieved lines. But the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, by Directive of March 20, 1942, rejected this request and demanded a vigorous offensive.”

At the end of March - beginning of April, the fronts of the Western direction tried to carry out the order - to defeat the Rzhev-Vyazma grouping of the enemy. Zhukov writes that “the efforts, for obvious reasons, were ineffective,” and adds: only after this was the Headquarters forced to accept the proposal to go on the defensive on this line.

K.K. Rokossovsky also spoke about the terrible hardship that befell those who fought in this direction: “The regiments and divisions lacked soldiers, machine guns, mortars, artillery, and ammunition; There are only a few tanks left...Paradox: the strongest defends, and the weaker advances. And in our conditions, waist-deep in snow.”

(Zhukov G.K. Memories, reflections. - M., 1969. - p. 375-377)

4). The writer's path to "Sashka".

Vyacheslav Kondratyev is asked how it happened that, in his middle age, he suddenly took up a story about the war.“Apparently summer has come,maturity came, and with it a clear understanding that war was the most important thing in my life,”- the writer admits.

Memories began to torment me, I even felt the smells of war, I did not forget, although the 60s were already passing. At night, guys from his own platoon came into his dreams, smoked hand-rolled cigarettes, looked at the sky, waiting for the bomber.

I read war prose voraciously, but did not find my own war in it, although there was only one war.

Even the works of Vasil Bykov, Yuri Bondarev, Grigory Baklanov, which showed the real war, did not reflect what Kondratiev himself saw in the war.

“Apparently, each of the millions who fought had their own war. But I didn’t find my own war in books. My war is the fortitude and courage of soldiers and officers, this is a terrible infantry battle, these are wet trenches. My war is a lack of shells, mines...",- this is what V. Kondratiev wrote.

Kondratyev began to look for his fellow soldiers from Rzhev, but found no one and suddenly thought that maybe he was the only one who survived. So, all the more so he should tell about everything! This is his duty!

And so “I went in the spring of ’62 near Rzhev. I walked twenty kilometersall the way to his former front line, I saw that tormented Rzhev land, all dotted with craters, on which rusty, pierced helmets and soldiers’ bowlers were also lying... the feathers of unexploded mines were still sticking out, I saw - this was the most terrible thing - the unburied remains of those who fought here, maybe those whom I knew, with whom I drank liquid and millet from the same pot, or with whom I huddled in the same hut during a mine attack, and it struck me: you can only write the strict truth about this, otherwise it will be simply immoral.”

The writer revealed to us the truth about the war, which smelled of sweat and blood, although he himself believed that “Sashka” was"only a small fraction of what needs to be said aboutSoldier, Victorious Soldier."

(Kondratiev V. While we are alive... - “Questions of Literature”, 1979, No. 6;

Kondratyev V. Not everything has been written about the war. - Sat. "Land of birth, land of destiny." – M., 1987.)

5). Teacher:

Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratyev is no longer there. On September 23, 1993, he tragically passed away and shot himself.

But what does “gone” mean? We all leave, sooner or later, every person. But, unlike “anyone,” the writer remains on the ground. He remains in his creativity, in his works, from their pages his living voice continues to sound, trembling... his wounded, but continuing to hurt - for all of us! – heart...On them, these pages, History itself lives; reading and re-reading them, we again and again “plunge” into the past, relive it again, ... take over the baton of times.

(Kogan A. Lived and died like a soldier. - “Literature at school”, 1995, No. 2)

Vyacheslav Kondratyev prefaces his story as follows: “This story is dedicated to everyone who fought near Rzhev - living and dead.”

We will talk about V. Kondratiev’s story “Sashka” today in class, target which: to identify the specifics of the depiction of war and the character of an ordinary soldier in the story; to prove the writer’s main idea: even in inhuman conditions, a person must preserve his soul, not tarnish his conscience, and remain human.

IV. Analysis of the story "Sashka".

1. Two months on the front line. Life of war.

QUESTION: Name significant artistic details, paintings,facts with the help of which the author paints a true, reliable picture of the battles near Rzhev.

1) “And the night floated over the front line, as usual . Rockets splashed into the sky, scattered there with a bluish light, and then with a spike, already extinguished, they went down to the ground torn apart by shells and mines... Sometimes the sky was cut through by tracers, sometimes the Silence was blown up by machine-gun bursts or distant artillery cannonade... As usual …"

(We are talking about terrible things, a terrible picture is drawn, but for the hero all this is a normal, familiar state (“as usual”). “Sashka is already used to this, he has endured it...”).

2) “The villages they took stood as if they were dead , there was no movement in them. Only flocks of disgustingly howling mines, rustling shells and tracer threads were flying from there. From they saw only tanks alive , which, counterattacking, came at us, rumbling engines and pouring machine-gun fire on them, and they rushed about on the then snow-covered field... Well, our forty-fives started yapping and drove away the Krauts.”

(War is war, and it only brings death, a strange combination - “living tanks”).

3) “The bread is bad. No navaru. Half a pot of millet for two – and be healthy.”

4) “In the middle of the patch there was a crowd of thembeaten-killed companynear a political instructor wounded in the leg.”

5) “The fact that he had to touch a dead body did not bother him -They got used to corpses.Scattered throughout the grove..."

6) “...how there was a howl overhead, a rustling sound, and then explosions thundered throughout the entire grove, and off it went... And there was a big shelling - mines were exploding one after another, in batches, as if some huge machine gun was firing a burst... I looked back, and what was really going on there terrible - there are explosions all over the forest, clods of earth are thrown up, uprooted trees fall."

7) “Even though there is nothing there - no shelters, no trenches, no crevices, only huts , - but we got used to it (the grove), like a home..."

8) “...felt... a feeling pulling from withinemptiness in the stomach, which grabbed them all several times a day.”

9) “...on the move after the night march they threw them into an attack on Ovsyannikovo, and more than once or twice... Then every day they expected - today they would go on the offensive again. Why suffer before death, digging trenches in frozen ground? The earth is like stone. Can you overcome it with a small sapper shovel? Then, in April, the entire grove was flooded with water, every tiny funnel was filled with it. Well, now that it’s dried out a little, we’re no longer strong, we’re completely exhausted, and we’re waiting for a shift from day to day. What is there to dig here? Fresh ones will come, let them dig for themselves...”

10) “I always went through the second company, and took a smoke break there to chat with friends. True, there are almost no fellow Far Eastern soldiers left, one or two per company...”

11) “Only Sashka forgot that they were lying there nearbynot yet buried dead, and a German has no need to look at them.”

12) “And Sashka was curious about a lot of things: how the Germans got food, and how many cigarettes they get a day, how much rum, and why there are no interruptions with mines...

Sashka, of course, would not talk about his life, as there is nothing to boast about yet. It’s both tight with food and with ammunition.”

13) “Sashka himself knows that it’s bad, but he doesn’t have the strength to bury the guys, no... After all, he’s not strong enough to dig a trench for himself alive.”

14) “The village was empty... Sashka noticed how the already small village was shrinking. And now I saw: the barn where they hid the first night was gone, the last house was gone too, only firebrands, and more craters.”

15) - “How many people did you have in your company? – asked the captain.

- One hundred fifty…

- How much is left?

- Sixteen…"

(In 2 months, nine out of every ten people died!)

16) “At night, after their very first offensive, the Germans fired at the rear, and twelve of his fellow Far Eastern soldiers were buried under this barn. And the guys didn’t make it to the front, but they were all young, Sashka’s age. The barn still smells like a corpse.”

17) “On the front line, this is the order: if you are wounded, you go to the rear, give your machine gun to the rest, and take your own three-line shot, model one thousand eighty ninety-one, a shot from the thirtieth year, which you will hand over in the rear.”

18) " No trenches, no dugoutsThe first one didn’t have one, there was water all around. Even small mine craters are filled with it, and the beaten and beaten ones huddled in huts. Only the company commander hadthin dugout, on the tubercle dug out, but there is water in it up to the knee.”

(Pitiful words - “hut”, “trench”, “dugout” emphasize the precariousness and unreliability of the situation).

19) “... I knew for sure that there would be no meetings with many of those who remained here, and which of them would stay here, on this Rzhevskaya,blood-swollen ground, this is fate..."

20) “And his appearance was not so great: a burnt, mud-stained padded jacket, all in holes, wadded trousers in tatters, other trousers, diagonal ones, also frayed, were visible from the holes in the knees, and beige warm underpants could be seen from them, and then the body turned blue; The earflaps, hit by a bullet (helmets were not always worn), were also torn to pieces, the windings had lost their color and were red from adhering clay, and the hands were black, burnt... They warmed them over the fire, and when you dozed off for a moment, they fell into the fire lifeless, that’s why and burns.

21) “...but now he felt the weight of two months of dirt on himself and dreamed of a bath: how he would warm up his completely frozen body in the steam room, how he would peel off the crust of accumulated dirt from it, how he would put on hot underwear after frying and how he would finally get rid of the disgusting thing that was plaguing them all constantly…"

22) “On the front line, it seemed that the country no longer had any people, it seemed that everyone had been beaten during the eleven months of the war (they went to take Panovo with twenty bayonets!)”

23) “One young lieutenant came up and asked:

Well, how are you?

“Nothing,” Sashka answered and didn’t seem to be lying. From a distance, everything that happened didn’t seem so terrible, as if nothing special had happened.

It’s clear from you that you got it,” the lieutenant said slowly and somehow thoughtfully, shaking his head. - Will you light a cigarette?

It's a pleasure.It didn't matter with tobacco.

What's good with? – he grinned, handing Sashka a wrapped cigarette.

Sashka thanked him, but remained silent when asked - there was no need for the lieutenant to know ahead of time, everything was ahead of him:and gets burned, and goes hungry, and rolls around in the mud…»

24) “The wounded said this - their hearts grew cold...”

25) “You see, you can’t do this... You can’t have fun when all the fields are ours!

26) “And Sashka imagined how in an hour his own company would be trembling in the draft huts and how he would certainly slap someone today... how the company commander would say to the soldiers standing near the killed soldier: “Guys, just without sentimentality, war is war,” and how they will shower him with spruce branches, and then wander off to their beds, scraping out the last bits of tobacco from their pockets.”

27) “Whatever you say, while there is war, while his battalion is bleeding, while unburied people are whitening their underwear in the fields, what kind of holidays can there be, what kind of dances?”

28) “They realized that in the rear there was hunger and hardship, and that no one looked at them as heroes... They saw that the war swept through these country roads, through these villages, it ruined them, these people had their mouths full of their worries, they had no time for soldiers , who can be blamed for allowing the war to happen to them..."

29) “We just got rid of the Germans, we just started to come to our senses a little, to fix the economy, and then a river of crippled people flows past, and shelter everyone, feed everyone, but with what?... About a hundred will pass in a day, and from February, like an offensive it’s gone, and still how much?”

30) “The food station?... There was a food station! In winter! But now I’m gone, they’ve transferred me somewhere!...I’ve been stomping around for the second day, begging women for potatoes...”

31) “We dug potatoes with our hands. The slimy, soggy tubers were crawling in your hands, and at first you couldn’t imagine how you could eat such a thing, but when you squeezed out the bluish pulp from the peel, kneaded it in your hands, added some salt and began to bake it in a frying pan, the smell alone... made your head spin and your stomach ache sweetly ..."

32) “...Aren’t you convinced at the front that the German is still stronger than us, more organized, more skillful...”

33) “You are privates, what do you mean, you didn’t drive anyone to death... Nothing will be written off. All my life I will remember how the guys looked at me when I gave them the order to attack... All my life..."

34) “My sergeant, the platoon commander, who for the second time during the war advised me to lead the platoon behind the beam and wait there for a while, he sensed that the offensive would choke... But I’m not in any way! Onward and forward! And the guys are mowed down, now from the left, now from the right. Shreds from the platoon fly, and I move forward and forward. Then we lay down, it was impossible to go further, and after a minute or two we retreated. If we had waited in this ravine, I think I would have saved half the platoon.”

35) “The army seemed to be standing here in winter... strewn about were bulletproof helmets, bags for gas masks, zinc boxes of cartridges, rusty windings, scraps of bloody bandages, and they even noticed one corpse, but they didn’t approach - that’s enough,we've seen enough for the rest of our lives!»

36) “It turned out to be an offensive path. And the main insult is that these damned food stations, as if on purpose, move from place to place - and no one knows where. So they have to dig potatoes in front of people, and hide their hungry eyes when spending the night... And they imagined what it was like for the women to receive guests every night and share the last piece with them... A monument to them, these women from front-line villages, should be erected after the war...”

37) “Tell me, why are you coming like this? Skin and bones. One is more beautiful than the other. They don’t feed you during the war, or what, or are you starving by the time you get here?”

38). “After all, we tramped a hundred miles, and on such grub, and wounded, and after a front end in which we didn’t know a single day of real sleep... Weakness and impenetrable fatigue made themselves felt...”

39) “...The worker asked where Sashka fought, whether there were big battles. Sashka didn’t go into too much detail - there were battles of local importance, but he still got it. The worker shook his head and repeated:

Local significance, you say? This means they didn’t indulge in technology, they probably relied more on a rifle?

How did they feed you?

Rasputitsa...

And this is understandable,” the fellow traveler grinned again...”

CONCLUSION: The author paints a terrible, true picture of the battles: the troops suffered terrible losses, the survivors did not have the strength or opportunity to bury the dead, so corpses were lying everywhere; the soldiers had nowhere to rest or dry themselves, they were starving; There were not enough weapons, ammunition, and equipment. The author shows the “ordinariness” of extreme situations.

2. Sashka as a person and a fighter.

QUESTIONS:

1). In which episodes does Sashka reveal himself with particular force?as a person and a fighter? Name the motives for his actions.

1). Sashka gets felt boots for the company commander.

(“I would never climb for myself, these felt boots will be lost! But I feel sorry for the company commander. His pymas are soaked through with water - and you won’t be able to dry them over the summer...")

2). The wounded Sashka, under fire, returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and hand over the machine gun.

(“But his company won’t get the PPSh then... And we should say goodbye to both the guys and the company commander...")

3). Sashka leads the orderlies to a seriously wounded man.

(“...he knows that you can’t drag these sanitary platoon soldiers to the front with a lasso. They’ll come back and say they didn’t find them, they say, or that the wounded man died. Who will check them?.. But he gave his word. To the dying, his word!”)

4). The story of the captured German.

(“Sashka saw a lot of death during this time - if you live to be 100 years old, you won’t see so much - but the value of human life did not diminish from this in his mind.”)

5). The story with Zina.

(“And again, having gone through everything that he and Zina had that day and evening, remembering again all their conversations and imagining her life here over these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is not subject to jurisdiction... It’s just war... And he has no evil at her.")

6). Sashka helps out Lieutenant Volodka.

(“Well, what kind of demand is there for me, a private van? It’s a pity to waste time on me, when all the same, in a month the marching and the limber. And you are a lieutenant. The conversation with you is different - they can demote you, and put you on trial.”)

7). Episode with Pasha.

(“-Here, Pasha,” said Sashka. “We met by chance and didn’t spend a day together, but I will remember you all my life...

Stop filling it up! I know you...

No, really, Pasha. I don’t like to lie..."

“It’s like I’m leaving home...

Did you take a nap, then?

That’s not the point... She is a very good woman, very warm-hearted. She invited me to stay for a week...

I guessed. What are you doing?

There’s no need for this... - Sashka answered thoughtfully...")

2). Why were these events chosen from the entire front-line life of your hero?

(These episodes reveal Sashka’s personality from different sides; he seems to be undergoing tests of endurance, humanity, loyalty in friendship, love, tests of power, unlimited power over another person.)

3. Three tests.

Teacher: V. Kondratiev saw off his hero"through tests of power, love and friendship."How did Sashka survive these tests?

1) The story with the German (“test by power”).

A) Condensed retelling.

(Sashka ran into German reconnaissance (when he was getting felt boots for the company commander), ran to the grove to warn his own, and ran into the company commander, who gave the order to retreat beyond the ravine. The Nazis captured the “tongue” and began to hastily retreat. German mines flew: the Germans they wanted to cut off their reconnaissance from ours. Sashka broke away from his own, rushed through the fire and then saw a German. Sashka shows desperate courage - he takes the German with his bare hands: he has no cartridges, he gave his disk to the company commander. But how many guys were killed for the “tongue”! Sashka did not hesitate for a minute. But at the same time, he does not consider himself a hero. When the company commander asks how this happened, he answers: “But the jester knows him. A fool.”

The company commander interrogates the German to no avail, then orders Sashka to lead the German to headquarters. On the way, Sashka tells the German that we don’t shoot prisoners and promises him life. The battalion commander, having not received any information from the German, orders him to be shot. Sashka does not obey orders.)

b) QUESTIONS:

1. Why doesn’t Sashka obey orders?

(It would not be difficult for Sashka to kill a German in battle("That's when they rose from under the hill - gray, scary, some kind of non-humans - they were enemies”, “Sashka would have shot these arsonists mercilessly if he had been caught”).This same German was a prisoner, unarmed, he could not shoot him, since he promised to save his life(“We are not you. There are no prisonerswe shoot”, “he is not the type to mock a prisoner and unarmed”).

Human relations begin between two soldiers - Russian and German: both wash and clean themselves before coming to headquarters; the German treats Sashka with cigarettes; Sashka addresses the prisoner differently than at first (not “fascist”, but “Fritz”, more neutral, because Fritz is a German name); Sashka already wants to talk to him, ask him about life, it’s a pity he doesn’t know German.

Sashka saw in the prisoner not just an enemy, but another person:“... when he took this Fritz, fought with him, feeling the warmth of his body, the strength of his muscles, he seemed to Sashka to be an ordinary person, the same soldier as him, only dressed in a different uniform, only fooled and deceived... That’s why he could talk to like human beings, take cigarettes, smoke together...").

Sashka has very strong moral principles: if he gave his word, he must keep it(“Sashka saw a lot, a lot of death during this time - if you live to be a hundred years old, you won’t see so much - but the value of human life did not diminish from this in his mind.”)

2). At what moment did the thought of carrying out the battalion commander’s order flash through in a “flash of a second”?

(When the battalion commander, without an overcoat or hat, walked with Tolik to the ashes, near which Sashka and the prisoner were,“Sashka turned pale,I shrank, my body was bathed in icy sweat, my heart sank... and in a second flash it flashed - well, what if... I slap the German now and run to the captain: “Your order has been carried out...” And all the confusion was removed from my soul... And,... only turning to the German, I saw Sashka, he read that second thought, his eyes filled with the veil of death... No, I can’t... And when I decided irrevocably, it seemed to become calmer, only this peace was that of a dead person...")

3). When Sashka led the German to the battalion headquarters, at one moment he became scared. Why?

(“And then Sashka realized what a terrible power he had over the German. After all, from his every word or gesture, he either dies or enters into hope. He, Sashka, is now free over the life and death of another person. If he wants, he will bring him to headquarters alive , if he wants, he’ll slam him down the road! Sashka even somehow felt uneasy... Only the German doesn’t know what kind of person Sashka is, that he’s not the kind to mock a prisoner and unarmed... And Sashka somehow felt uneasy from having fallen on his almost unlimited power over another person").

4). What is the position of Tolik, the communications battalion commander?

(Tolik's motto: “Our job is a calf... We ordered it - we did it!”

Trying on the watch of a German who has not yet been killed(“...grabbed the watch on his hand with a tenacious gaze and did not let go”).

Ready to bargain with Sashka so as not to miss the “trophy”(“...I would give you a loaf of black bread...for an hour...I can give you a pack of terry in addition.”)

The company commander, for example, behaves completely differently:“The company commander took the lighter, struck it, lit it and gave it to Sasha... He turned the lighter, examining it, and handed it back to the German.”

He doesn’t have a “barrier, an obstacle” in his soul, like Sashka, he would, without hesitation or tormented by pangs of conscience, shoot an unarmed(“... if he doesn’t crack, he’ll go to the wall!... Why bother with him? If he’s silent, that’s where he belongs”).

Sashka understands that“Tolik likes to brag, but he’s a weakling.”

Sashka and Tolik are contrasted as responsibility and irresponsibility, sympathy and indifference, honesty and selfishness.)

5). What spiritual qualities of Sashka are manifested in this episode?

(Active Kindness; effective humanism; the firmness of moral principles; attitude towards life as the highest value; fear of unlimited power over another person; a huge sense of responsibility for everything, even for what he could not be responsible for).

6). What is the moral issue in this part of the story?

(- Problems of humanism, truth, moral choice, values

Life.

Power problem:power as right and power as responsibility)

d) Teacher: In the real-life case that formed the basis of the story, the ending of the story with the prisoner ended more tragically: the commander did not cancel his order, and the prisoner of war was shot, and the man who carried out the order (and later told this story to Kondratiev) was tormented all his life: was he doing the right thing? entered?

2) Relationship with Zina (“test of love”).

A) QUESTIONS:

1).What does Zina mean in Sashka’s life?

(Sashka saved Zina’s life when he covered her with his body during the bombing. This is his first love. He is so looking forward to meeting! But on the front line he does not allow himself to think about her, because there is war, and anything can happen, because“We got used to living at the front for an hour, or even a minute.”

On the way to the hospital, when the terrible tension of the front line gradually releases, when joy floods into his soul that he is alive, Sashka allows himself to think about Zina, the little sister from Sanrota. He was worried about how they would meet, after all, 2 months had passed. And they didn’t have anything, they just kissed a few times. But when he said goodbye, he realized that he had no one closer and dearer to him, that he was ready to do everything for this girl in an overcoat, just to make her feel good and calm.

And then, during the offensive, he imagined that he was going to protect her, Zina, who promised to wait for him, and he felt better.

But, while waiting for Zina, he thinks all the time about his company: she will again tremble in huts, and“He will certainly spank someone today,” “and he feels confused and seems ashamed that he is here and they are there.”

When he finds out about the party, it makes him angry:“What dancing! You're lying, Zina! This can’t be!” and “it even shook him.”He says sternly:“You see, you can’t do this...Have funIt’s impossible when all the fields are ours!”Even in the rear, he cannot live by laws other than those of the front line.

When meeting with Zina in the evening, Sashka realized that"in the caresses of the Zininsmore pity... and the words she spoke were all pitiful: dear, stupid, poor... Maybe it was out of pity that she decided to do everything, and also because she considers herself to owe him her life.”

He thinks that his love with Zina will be as short as the flash of a rocket:“It won’t burn for long, it won’t have time to warm it up properly and... it will go out - the war will separate them in different directions.”)

2). Why did Zina still go to the party?

(The lieutenant came and persuaded her, because he was being sent to the front line, he wanted to say goodbye to Zina. Zina told Sashka on a walk that the lieutenant liked her, that he was taking good care of her. And Zina, apparently, likes this lieutenant. )

3). How did Sashka feel about going to the dance?

(When he finds out that Zina is there, dancing with the lieutenant, he is bitter and hurt:“And the fact that Zina was there now, at the evening, affected her painfully, and something nauseating began to rise in her throat. He began to breathe intermittently, heavily and hastily, with a disobedient hand, he began to pull on his tunic.”

“Something cold and heavy grew like a lump in my chest, came up to my throat, pressed…”

“...as if something had exploded in Sashka’s head,”when he saw in the windowZina, was ready to throw a piece of brick at the window opening if someone offended her.

But Zina’s words brought him even greater suffering when she told the lieutenant:

“- Don’t, Tolya...” and took his hands away gently and not angrily.

If the earth had risen nearby from the explosion, Sasha would not have been so stunned. And not a word, not an address by name, but this calm, even affectionate gesture, with which she moved his hands away, as if she had power over the lieutenant, struck Sashka to the very heart and assured him that they were in love...

It was as if a blow struck Sashka with a sigh and threw him back.”

4). How do you assess Sashka’s behavior in the ending of the second part of the story?

(Sashka behaved in this situation with the utmost dignity. Despite the shock, pain, resentment, remembering their meeting, conversations and“having imagined her life here over these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is unconvicted... It’s just war... And he has no grudge against her...”

Sashka understood that they were in love, and since there was love, what right did he have to interfere with her? And Sashka leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary conversations.

The kindness, sensitivity, and nobility of the hero prevailed here too. The ability to respect other people's feelings, to understand and forgive a loved one, and not to hurt him, awakened in him. This is true love.

A.S. Pushkin also wrote:I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,

May God grant that your beloved be different.)

3) The story with Lieutenant Volodka (“test of friendship”).

A) Reading the episode in the hospital. (pp. 231-234)

B) QUESTIONS:

1). What are Sashka’s motives for interceding for Lieutenant Volodka?

(“Well, what kind of demand is there for me, Private Vanka? It’s a pity to waste time on me when, anyway, in a month I’ll be marching and getting ready. And you’re a lieutenant. The conversation with you is different - they can demote you and put you on trial.”

“Let’s come to an agreement - if they start to file a case against me, then do as you know, but for now we’ll wait. Maybe everything will work out.")

2). How do you evaluate his actions?

(We sympathize with Sashka and admire his actions: he, who looks not at all heroic, not a dashing soldier, turns out to be stronger and braver than the desperate lieutenant from Maryina Roshcha, and helps him out of trouble.

“No matter what you say, it still scratched my heart. Even if the tribunal now, during the war, is not terrible, because all the terms of the front line are replaced, but there - until the first blood, as he was wounded, he atoned for his guilt, but from the front Sashka still can’t escape anywhere, as soon as the wound heals, so and let's go there! But there was a disgusting feeling in my soul - Sashka had never been under any criminal investigation..."

“But he didn’t regret what he did. He considered himself more prudent than Volodka and perhaps more cunning.”

“A couple of days later they called Sashka again... He and his sister walked to that building, and his soul was vague, some kind of fear froze his heart, only one thing made him feel better: maybe everything will finally become clear, the unknown is the worst thing.”

“Whatever one may say, this story was worth the nerves; to be honest, Sashka didn’t care at all.”

4).The originality of the main character.

QUESTION: What can you say about Sashka, the main qualities of his character?

1. A huge sense of responsibility.

(1). “They slept here without waking up, but for some reason Sashka woke up from sleep twice and once even got up to check on his partner - he was so unreliable... And he was even glad when the end of his rest came, when he took up his post - he was able to rely on himself - then more."

2). “Sashka helped him, and then, hastily reloading the disk, rushed to where the company commander remained,”

3). “He unhooked his disk from his belt and put it in the company commander’s hand.”

4). “...he understood: the Germans were cutting them off from their reconnaissance... And it became so offensive - they would leave, an infection, with impunity - that Sashka stood up and rushed through the fire.”

5). “Sashka remembered that he had no cartridges and understood what he was getting into, but there was no other way out, otherwise you would miss the German, and Sashka knew how many guys from intelligence were killed while they were going after the “tongue.”

6). “At least someone would come in time. But Sashka did not call for help - mortar cutting fire was rushing from behind, as if someone would be killed if they started to break through.”

2. An inquisitive mind and a critical look at what is happening.

(1). “For the first time in his entire service in the army, during the months at the front, Sashka’s habit of obeying unquestioningly and terrible doubt about the justice and necessity of what he was ordered collided in desperate contradiction.”

2). “A lot has changed my mind here over these months, Sashka has seen his fill of these Rzhev villages, which they took and took, but were never able to take... But he never once doubted victory.

3). “He also understood that it was not only a lack of shells and mines, but also that there was not enough order. Both commanders and privates have not yet learned how to fight properly. And that this training is on the go, in battles, throughout Sashka’s life.”

3. Conscientiousness.

(1). “...He kept striving to be in front of the German, blocking with his body the clearing where our men were lying.”

2). “No matter how hard Sashka tried to lead the Germans so that they wouldn’t come across the dead, no, no, they would bump into them, and again Sashka was ashamed that they weren’t buried, as if he himself was guilty of something.”

3). “...but it’s somehow awkward and ashamed - so he leaves, and the guys and ... the company commander must stay here, in this trash and wetness, and no one knows whether any of them are destined to leave here alive, as he, Sashka, is leaving now.” .

4). “And my soul felt vague and kind of ashamed that he was now in a quiet... village... and his comrades and his company commander - there."

4. Understanding the need for what he is doing.

1). “But Sashka did nothing but reluctantly during these terrible two months. Both in offensives and in reconnaissance - all this is done through strength, overcoming oneself, driving fear and the thirst to live deep down, to the very bottom of the soul, so that they do not interfere with him doing what he is supposed to do, what necessary ".

2). “...but did not become distraught and did his soldier’s job as best he could, although he didn’t seem to perform any special heroics. And I didn’t think at all that one finding here , in cold and hunger, without shelters and trenches, under hourly shelling, is already a feat.”

5. Intelligence.

1) “Reluctantly, reluctantly, Sashka approached one of the huts and knocked timidly.”

2) “Sashka’s fellow traveler stomped around a little more, ... Sashka touched his hand - let’s go, they say, there’s no point in tolling the soul of the hostess.”

3) “...sorry, grandfather, we are nervous from the front...”

4. Problem situation.

Teacher: “...the company commander used to, before ordering something, pat Sashka on the shoulder and say: “It’s necessary, Sashok.” Understand, necessary " And Sashka understood that it was necessary, and did everything that was ordered, as it should.” This was necessary in the war.

There is “necessary” and “extra necessary”. Sashka, according to critic Igor Dedkov, does more than necessary.What do you think?

(Article “An inch of Rzhev land” - “Literary Review”, 1980, No. 5).

5. Independent work (in groups):note features stories.

1). The originality of the organization of the narrative (inappropriately direct speech, allowing you to see the “Rzhev meat grinder” through the eyes of a simple soldier and at the same time evaluate his character, his everyday heroism.

2). Features of the composition:

1. lack of a single plot; a chain of microplots that reveal the character of the main character;
2. test of power, love and friendship;
3. absence of battle tension, extreme situations;
4. gradual peering into the hero, which determines the slow pace of the narrative;
5. Sashka’s movement from the front line into the interior of the country and the “movement” into the depths of the hero’s soul;
6. the author’s desire to tell not only about the war, but also about universal human problems.

3). The meaning of the title of the story (the most common name, given in a reduced everyday form, makes the hero as close as possible to the reader; the meaning of the name (“protector”).

IV. Lesson summary.

Teacher: V. Astafiev in his novel “Cursed and Killed” says that the brutal force of war did not extinguish in his heroes “the light of goodness, justice, dignity, respect for one’s neighbor, for what was, is in a person from his mother, from his father, from the native house, from the Motherland, Russia, finally, mortgaged, transferred, bequeathed by inheritance.”

QUESTION: Can we say that this also applies to Sashka, the hero of V. Kondratiev’s story?

Teacher: “Well, Sashok... You are a man...” - Lieutenant Volodka will tell Sashka when, on the way to the hospital, he hears from him a story about a captured German. “We are people, not fascists,” Sashka says simply.

Lev Aizerman wrote about V. Kondratiev’s story: “In an inhuman, bloody war, a person remains a person, and people remain people. This is the main thing for a writer. This is what the story was written about: about a terrible war and preserved humanity.”

V. Summing up.

(A word to the group leaders about the results of students’ work in groups - in preparation for the lesson and during the lesson).

VI. Homework.

Prepare for the lesson