To help a schoolchild. Oblomov “our indigenous folk type”

In the lesson, it is necessary to emphasize and prove the persuasiveness, vitality of Oblomov’s image, its internal complexity, leading to ambiguous assessments. It is necessary to show the connection of the image with literary predecessors, with images of Russian folklore, to conclude that Oblomov is “our indigenous folk type,” and point to Gogol’s traditions of depicting life.

Main problems of the lesson:

Is Dobrolyubov right when he claims that “there is a significant part of Oblomov in each of us”? Are the Oblomovs really “legion”?

A system of questions and tasks will help you solve the first problem of the lesson:

At the beginning of the novel we see Oblomov lying in bed for half a day. How is this connected with the images of Russian folklore? What is the symbolic meaning of this scene?

In Oblomov’s dream, Goncharov calls the tale of Emel the Fool “an evil and insidious satire on our great-grandfathers.” What meaning is revealed when the image of Oblomov is brought closer to Emelya?

In one of the articles about the novel, Oblomov’s portrait is compared to an ancient statue. Is there any basis for comparison in this?

Why didn’t Oblomov’s youthful dreams come true?

What is the compositional meaning of the image of Oblomov’s many guests? Why does the author make them representatives of different social classes?

Why did the word “other” and the correlation of oneself with “others” offend Oblomov? What does Oblomov mean when he states: “Our name is legion.”?

The lesson makes it possible to see the social (in conditions of upbringing and lordly origin) and national (in traditions, ideas, moral standards, ideals, culture) roots of Oblomovism.

Why and how did the energetic, mischievous, inquisitive Ilyusha Oblomov turn into the motionless, apathetic Ilya Ilyich Oblomov?

Questions and tasks for discussing the second problem of the lesson:

Analyze Oblomov's Dream. What is Oblomovka - a forgotten, miraculously surviving “blessed corner” - a fragment of Eden or the starting point of the hero’s moral fall, the beginning of his death?

Compare the images of Oblomov and Zakhar. Who is in slavery to whom? What is the meaning of the fact that Oblomov cannot do without Zakhar, and Zakhar cannot do without Oblomov?(Oblomov and Zakhar are like twin brothers, who simply cannot exist without one another. Moreover, Zakhar is a caricature of his master. Their slavery is mutual. But it seems that both of them are quite happy with this state.)

Is it true that the novel “internally glorifies Russian laziness”? Confirm or refute this point of view by justifying your opinions with text.

In the lesson, it is necessary to show that “Oblomov’s lying down” is not just laziness and apathy as character traits, but a position, the conviction that “life is poetry,” rest, peace.

Are Oblomov and Stolz antipodes?

Questions and tasks for discussing the third problem of the lesson:

Who do you think is more right, more convincing in affirming his life ideal - Stolz or Oblomov?

Which word more accurately describes Oblomov’s state - laziness or peace? Support your opinions with text.

Comment on Oblomov’s thought: “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it!” Is Oblomov happy with his way of existence?

Is Stolz happy because he knows how to “make money”? What meaning is revealed in the fact that Stolz is German?

Why do such different people as Oblomov and Stolz be friends all their lives?(Oblomov and Stolz, in a broad sense, are, as it were, two extremes of the national Russian character, which combines monstrous laziness, dreamy contemplation, efficiency, talent, love for one’s neighbor.)

“Active Stolz and Olga live to do something. Oblomov lives just like that.” What is the author's attitude towards the characters in this assessment? Comment on this thought, express your attitude to it.

What does “the purpose of life” mean? What does it mean to “live just like that”, “to live to live”?

The story of how the good-natured sloth Oblomov lies and sleeps and how neither friendship nor love can awaken and raise him is not God knows what an important story. But it reflected Russian life; in it a living, modern Russian type appears before us, minted with merciless severity and correctness; it expressed a new word for our social development, pronounced clearly and firmly, without despair and without childish hopes, but with a full consciousness of the truth. This word is Oblomovism... N. A. Dobrolyubov. What is Oblomovism?

“In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the large houses, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov was lying in bed in his apartment in the morning.” This is how I. A. Goncharov’s novel begins, bearing the name of the main character - actually a story about this hero.

I don’t know of another work where one single day of the hero is told in such detail as here - throughout the entire first part. The hero's main activity during the day is lying in bed. The author immediately dots the i’s, telling us: “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person.” : this was his normal state.”

We see before us a young, healthy man who cannot be taken out either for a joyful walk or on a visit, for whom the service is so burdensome that he abandoned it. Moving to another apartment seems to him an insoluble problem; any business or movement gives way to the need to take off his robe, get dressed, and decide something. Just as his apartment is covered in cobwebs, mired in dust, he himself freezes in the web of doing nothing, life is replaced by existence, half-asleep, the absence of all desires and impulses, except for one and only one, to be left alone. “You’re too lazy to live!” - his childhood friend Stolz will tell him. Even dreams of family life come down to breakfast together, nice conversations and preparations for lunch and dinner. And memories of childhood are reminiscent of a fairy tale about a kingdom plunged into sleep, and even they come to the hero in a dream. Somewhere there, in distant childhood, among the eternal breakfast-lunch-dinner, conversations about food and rest before and after meals, he may have wanted to run, he was drawn to something, but the strict prohibitions of his mother and nanny, greenhouse life did their job. Education passed him by - “He had a whole abyss between science and life, which he did not try to cross.” “His head represented a complex archive of dead affairs, persons, eras, figures, religions, unrelated, political-economic, mathematical or other truths, tasks, provisions, etc. It was a library consisting of only scattered volumes on all parts of knowledge.”

Oblomov left the service not only because he did not want to spend any effort on his career - he simply did not find a place for himself in society, did not feel part of all these Alekseevs, Tarantievs, Stoltzes. He “discovered that the horizon of his activity and life lies within himself.” Of course, it’s easy to delve into yourself without thinking about your career and your daily bread when Oblomovka exists, even with a thief-elder and an ever-decreasing income, but it still exists! Without occupying himself with business concerns, he loved to go into dreams, performing one feat after another in his dreams and not paying attention to the fact that Zakhar, a sleepyhead like him, put different stockings on him and touched his handkerchief somewhere . “Master” is an accurate and succinct answer to the question of what Oblomov is. “Oblomovism” - this is how Stolz characterizes his way of life, or rather, his worldview. And Oblomov is not the only one like this; he himself claims: “Our name is legion.” It's contagious, like an epidemic. This is convenient and pleasing to the government, because such people do not rebel.

Thinking about his life, the hero comes to the conclusion: “For twelve years a light was locked inside me, which was looking for a way out, but only burned its prison, did not break free and died out.” But there was this fire! After all, the eyes lit up in the dream of a feat! After all, there was something of his own, not borrowed from others, in his judgment about people! (By the way, the very word “different” as applied to him, the need to be like everyone else, to do what is accepted, only because it is so accepted, offends him!)

Oblomov, fearing to be insincere, will not be able to say a routine compliment to the girl he likes, which many would calmly say. But he also does not want to be a burden to her, an obstacle on her life’s path, and will write a sincere letter explaining his action. In his place, someone else would have tried to change his lifestyle or - most likely - would have promised his beloved to change, and then, God willing, he, thinking and caring more about her, told the truth. “He painfully felt that some good, bright beginning was buried in him, as in a grave, perhaps now dead, or it lay like gold in the depths of a mountain, and it was high time for this gold to be a walking coin. But the treasure is deeply and heavily littered with rubbish and alluvial debris. It was as if someone had stolen and buried in his own soul the treasures brought to him as a gift of peace and life.” Oblomov truly has an “honest, faithful heart”; it will not lie, it will not betray the person who has trusted him, but it is silent when he himself is offended and robbed. You can’t “hide your head under your wing” all your life and want nothing more. You cannot condemn society and not try to confront at least some of its members. You cannot rely all your life on guaranteed daily bread from the estate (by the way, without thinking at all about those who produce it!) and on Zakhar for every trifling matter. You have to go through life yourself, and it’s not at all necessary to apply yourself to it or be like Stolz.

The feeling of being superfluous in society, unlike others, gave rise to the Onegins and Pechorins in Russia, who not only philosophized, but also tried to change something in their lives, to take risks, if only so that it would not be boring. Even with the brightest head and honest heart, without wishing harm to other people, you can live only for yourself. And the egoist, even the one suffering from this, withdraws into himself, creates a kind of cocoon, a wall that fences him off from the outside world. The dirt of worldly vanity, lies, and a wrong understanding of life’s values can stick to this wall. It is this sticky layer that makes the wall stronger, making it impossible to go beyond it. And then the fire that burned inside a person consumes itself - and the light goes out. What remains is a shell - a grave.

Is Dobrolyubov right when he claims that “there is a significant part of Oblomov in each of us”? Are the Oblomovs really “legion”? A system of questions and tasks will help you solve the first problem of the lesson: 1.

At the beginning of the novel we see Oblomov lying in bed for half a day. How is this connected with the images of Russian folklore?

What is the symbolic meaning of this scene? 2. In Oblomov’s dream, Goncharov calls the tale of Emel the Fool “an evil and insidious satire on our great-grandfathers.” What meaning is revealed when the image of Oblomov is brought closer to Emelya? 3. In one of the articles about the novel, Oblomov’s portrait is compared to an ancient statue. Is there any basis for comparison in this?

4. Why didn’t Oblomov’s youthful dreams come true? 5. What is the compositional meaning of the image of Oblomov’s many guests? Why does the author make them representatives of different social classes? 6. Why did the word “other” and the correlation of oneself with “others” offend Oblomov? What does Oblomov mean when he states: “Our name is legion...”? The lesson makes it possible to see the social (in conditions of upbringing and lordly origin) and national (in traditions, ideas, moral standards, ideals, culture) roots of Oblomovism. II. Why and how did the energetic, mischievous, inquisitive Ilyusha Oblomov turn into the motionless, apathetic Ilya Ilyich Oblomov? Questions and tasks for discussing the second problem of the lesson: 1. Analyze “Oblomov’s Dream.”

What is Oblomovka - a forgotten, miraculously surviving “blessed corner” - a fragment of Eden or the starting point of the hero’s moral fall, the beginning of his death? 2. Compare the images of Oblomov and Zakhar. Who is in slavery to whom?

What is the meaning of the fact that Oblomov cannot do without Zakhar, and Zakhar cannot do without Oblomov? (Oblomov and Zakhar are like twin brothers, who simply cannot exist without one another. Moreover, Zakhar is a caricature of his master. Their slavery is mutual. But it seems that both of them are quite happy with this state.) 3. Is it true that the novel “internally glorifies Russian laziness”? Confirm or refute this point of view by justifying your opinions with text. In the lesson, it is necessary to show that “Oblomov’s lying down” is not just laziness and apathy as character traits, but a position, the conviction that “life is poetry,” rest, peace. III. Are Oblomov and Stolz antipodes?

Questions and tasks for discussing the third problem of the lesson: 1. Who, in your opinion, is more right, more convincing in affirming his life ideal - Stolz or Oblomov?

2. Which word more accurately describes Oblomov’s state - laziness or peace? Support your opinions with text.

3. Comment on Oblomov’s thought: “Life is poetry.

People are free to distort it! "Is Oblomov satisfied with his way of existence? 4. Is Stolz happy because he knows how to “make money”? What meaning is revealed in the fact that Stolz is German?

5. Why are people as different as Oblomov and Stolz friends all their lives? (Oblomov and Stolz in broadIn a sense, there are, as it were, two extremes of the national Russian character, which combines monstrous laziness, dreamy contemplation, efficiency, talent, love for one’s neighbor.) 6. “Active Stolz and Olga live to do something. Oblomov lives just like that.” What is the author's attitude towards the characters in this assessment? Comment on this thought, express your attitude to it.

7. What does “the purpose of life” mean? What does it mean to “live just like that”, “to live to live”?

In the lesson, it is necessary to emphasize and prove the persuasiveness, vitality of Oblomov’s image, its internal complexity, leading to ambiguous assessments. It is necessary to show the connection of the image with literary predecessors, with images of Russian folklore, to conclude that it is “our indigenous folk type,” and point to Gogol’s traditions of depicting life.

Main problems of the lesson:

I. Is Dobrolyubov right when he asserts that “in each of us sits a significant part

Oblomov"? Are the Oblomovs really “legion”?

A system of questions and tasks will help you solve the first problem of the lesson:

1. At the beginning of the novel we see Oblomov lying in bed for half a day. How is this connected with the images of Russian folklore? What is the symbolic meaning of this scene?

2. In Oblomov’s dream, Goncharov calls the tale of Emel the Fool “an evil and insidious satire on our great-grandfathers.” What meaning is revealed when the image of Oblomov is brought closer to Emelya?

3. In one of the articles about the novel, Oblomov’s portrait is compared to an ancient statue. Is there any basis for comparison in this?

4. Why didn’t Oblomov’s youthful dreams come true?

5. What is the compositional meaning of the image of Oblomov’s many guests? Why does the author make them representatives of different social classes?

6. Why did the word “other” and the correlation of oneself with “others” offend Oblomov? What does Oblomov mean when he states: “Our name is legion...”?

The lesson makes it possible to see the social (in conditions of upbringing and lordly origin) and national (in traditions, ideas, moral standards, ideals, culture) roots of Oblomovism.

II. Why and how the energetic, mischievous, inquisitive Ilyusha Oblomov turned into

In the motionless, apathetic Ilya Ilyich Oblomov?

Questions and discussion for the second problem of the lesson:

1. Analyze "". What is Oblomovka - a forgotten, miraculously surviving “blessed corner” - a fragment of Eden or the starting point of moral decline, the beginning of its death?

2. Compare the images of Oblomov and Zakhar. Who is in slavery to whom? What is the meaning of the fact that Oblomov cannot do without Zakhar, and Zakhar cannot do without Oblomov? (Oblomov and Zakhar are like twin brothers, who simply cannot exist without one another. Moreover, Zakhar is a caricature of his master. Their slavery is mutual. But it seems that both of them are quite happy with this state.)

3. Is it true that the novel “internally glorifies Russian laziness”? Confirm or refute this point of view by justifying your opinions with text.

In the lesson, it is necessary to show that “Oblomov’s lying down” is not just laziness and apathy as character traits, but a position, the conviction that “life is poetry,” rest, peace.

III. Are Oblomov and Stolz antipodes?

Questions and tasks for discussing the third problem of the lesson:

1. Who, in your opinion, is more right, more convincing in affirming his life ideal - Stolz or Oblomov?

2. Which word more accurately describes Oblomov’s state - laziness or peace? Support your opinions with text.

3. Comment on Oblomov’s thought: “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it!” Is Oblomov happy with his way of existence?

4. Is Stolz happy because he knows how to “make money”? What meaning is revealed in the fact that Stolz is German?

6. “Active Stolz and Olga live to do something. Oblomov lives just like that.” What is the author's attitude towards the characters in this assessment? Comment on this thought, express your attitude to it.

7. What does “the purpose of life” mean? What does it mean to “live just like that”, “to live to live”?

Discussion in groups and presentation on homework for Part I with reading and commenting on the required text. (Questions No. 1-6).

Tasks:

1st row: Tell and analyze the life story of I. I. Oblomov according to the following plan:

a) the image of the main character: main character traits, character formation, his childhood (briefly), Oblomov’s day (briefly), the role of details in depicting the image of the main character;

b) the hero’s life ideals;

d) Zakhar and Oblomov;

e) Oblomov’s features in Zakhara.

Why doesn’t Oblomov’s flattery give us the impression of vulgarity?

What are the main factors that influenced the formation of Oblomov’s character?

What does Oblomov have in common with “superfluous people” (Onegin, Pechorin)?

Can we say that Oblomov is a typical character? Were there people like him before Oblomov and after him? Is Oblomov right when he says: “Our name is Legion”?

How can we understand the combinations of such a contradiction in Oblomov: on the one hand, the desire to live, on the other hand, the fear of living; on the third hand, “I’ve been ashamed to live in the world for a long time”? Highlight the attractive character traits of the hero, his weaknesses, and symbols.

(Attractive traits: gentleness, simplicity, generosity, kindness... Weaknesses: apathy, laziness, lack of purpose in life and interest in life, indifference to oneself, values only his peace of mind, is not prepared and not adapted to life... Symbols: big sofa, comfortable robe, soft shoes).

2nd row: Tell and analyze the material about Andrei Stolts according to the following plan:

a) Stolz’s characteristics;

b) Stolz’s activities, his ideological position;

d) identify - Stolz is the antipode of Oblomov or his double;

e) highlight the attractive features and weaknesses of this hero.

What does Goncharov see as Stolz’s limitations?

Why did Goncharov and critics think that the image of A. Stolz was not a success for the author? Do you agree with this?

A.P. Chekhov (1889) wrote: “Stolz does not inspire me with any confidence. The author says that he is a magnificent fellow, but I don’t believe him. This is a sleazy beast who thinks very well of herself and is pleased with herself...” Share your thoughts about this statement by Chekhov.

(Attractive features: for Stolz, the meaning of life is work; he is unusually efficient and enterprising. Goncharov admires his ebullient energy (a member of the company, doing business with foreign countries, has traveled the length and breadth of Russia). Strength, calm, energy in his face; he is against hibernation , for enlightenment. Weaknesses: Stolz has no poetry, no dreams, no program of public service. Certain tendencies of Russian life are reflected in him - the desire for personal independence, he is a bourgeois businessman. He treats Oblomovism condescendingly, considering it a temporary disease of society).

Identify the similarities and differences between Oblomov and Stolz and fill out the table:

After this, students must summarize the data and draw conclusions.

Sample answer/conclusion from students:

The images of these heroes in the novel are contrasted on all points, but not strictly. Both heroes are individuals whose inner world cannot be considered based only on the diametric differences in their worldview. Several similar traits can be noted in the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: the ability to have deep, sincere feelings, bright memories of childhood and affection for their mother.

3rd row: Tell and analyze the material based on the image of Olga Ilyinskaya, using questions:

What is Olga's character and ideals?

Why did Olga fall in love with Oblomov?

Is Olga Ilyinskaya a positive heroine?

Tell the love story of Olga and Oblomov. Fill in the table with quotes from the novel:

The novel is warmed by two love stories. Is this love equal - the love of Agafya Matveevna and the love of Olga?

Marriage of Stolz and Olga. Is he happy?

(Olga’s attractive features: dissatisfaction with herself and life, desire for active work, lack of affectation, simplicity, naturalness, thoughtful management of the fight against Oblomov’s habits (good-natured mockery of laziness, singing, reading, talking about what she read, walking). Active, passionate nature, did a lot to re-educate Oblomov, to save him from laziness and apathy. In the image of this woman, Goncharov solved the problem of equality of women. A purposeful, strong-willed girl stands among the best heroines of Russian literature: she strives to benefit people, society, and is free from personal aspirations.)

V. Discussion of chapter No. 9 “Oblomov’s Dream”

So, the main character appears before us more and more fully. And suddenly, in the midst of all this narration, the author takes us to a “paradise.” The novel "Oblomov" is a novel born from a dream. We are faced with an interesting phenomenon: before us is not the dream itself, but a work written based on the dream.

Part I of the dream.

Where are we? To what blessed corner of the earth did Oblomov’s dream take us? What a wonderful land this is?

What is Ilya Ilyich dreaming about?

(A brief retelling of Chapter 9).

Read the description of the morning Oblomov dreamed about. What is it like noon, evening? Why do you think landscape sketches are so detailed?

Part II of sleep. Wonderful country.

What is the transition from the first part of the dream to the second?

(It is very simple at first glance: “Then Oblomov dreamed of another time...”.)

How does the boy Ilyusha appear before us?

III part of sleep. Oblomov is 13-14 years old.

What is the mechanism for connecting the parts here?

(And again Goncharov’s skill (the apparent simplicity of the transition to the next part): “Next, Ilya Ilyich suddenly saw himself as a boy of 13-14 years old.”)

(Acquaintance with new heroes, events from the hero’s life (Zakharka, Stolz, teaching, imp).

Oblomovka is the hero’s family estate. How do Oblomovka and its inhabitants appear before us?

What are the roots of “Oblomovism”?

Watching a fragment of the film “A few days in the life of Oblomov”

How director N. Mikhalkov saw little Ilyusha, who made a film based on Goncharov’s novel in 1980.

Compare your image of Ilyusha and the image created by Mikhalkov. What are the similarities and what are the fundamental differences?

Related information.