A city of noisy anime festivities. City of Noisy Celebrations (2011)

Oleg and Valentina Svetovid are mystics, specialists in esotericism and occultism, authors of 14 books.

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Japanese surnames

Japanese surnames

Japanese full name , as a rule, consists of a family name (surname), followed by a personal name. According to tradition in Japan, the surname comes first, and then the given name. This is a common practice in Eastern and South-East Asia, including for Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai and some other cultures.

Modern Japanese often write their names in European order (personal name, and then surname of the clan), if they write in Latin or Cyrillic.

All Japanese people have a single surname and a single given name. no middle name, except for the Japanese imperial family, whose members do not have a surname.

The first law on Japanese names and surnames appeared at the beginning of the Meiji era - in 1870. According to this law, every Japanese was required to choose a surname for himself. Most of the surnames created at that time come from the names of the area of ​​​​residence. And many Japanese surnames represent various rural landscapes.

Japanese surnames (list)

Akiyama

Asano

Asayama

Arai

Araki

Vada

Watanabe

Yoshimura

Ikeda

Imai

Inoe

Isis

Ishikawa

Katsura

Kido

Kimura

Kita

Kitano

Kobayashi

Kojima

Condo

Kubo

Kubota

Kuroki

Maruyama

Machida

Matsuda

Matsui

Maeda

Minami

Miura

Morimoto

Morita

Murakami

Murata

Nagai

Nakai

Nakagawa

Nakada

Nakamura

Nakano

Nakahara

Nakayama

Narazaki

Ogawa

Ozawa

Okada

Oonisi

Oono

Oyama

Sawada

Sakai

Sakamoto

Sano

Shibata

Suzuki

Taguchi

Takano

Tamura

Tanaka

Tanigawa

Takahashi

Tachibana

Takeda

Uchida

Ueda

Uematsu

Fujita

Fuji

Fujimoto

Fukushima

Hara

Hattori

Hayashi

Hirano

Honda

Hoshino

Tsubaki

Enomoto

Yamada

Yamaki

Yamanaka

Yamasaki

Yamamoto

Yamamura

Yamashita

Yamauchi

Yasuda

The most common Japanese surnames

Suzuki (Wooden bell)

Watanabe (Walk around the neighborhood)

Tanaka (Centre)

Yamamoto (Foot of the Mountain)

Takahashi (High Bridge)

Kobayashi ( Little forest)

Murakami (Village Head)

Nakamura (Village Center)

Kuroki ( Ebony)

Oonisi ( Great West)

Hashimoto (bridge)

Miura (three bays)

Takano (plain)

Our new book "The Energy of Surnames"

Our book "The Energy of the Name"

Oleg and Valentina Svetovid

Our email address: [email protected]

Japanese surnames

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For the vast majority of our compatriots, Japanese names are just a set of sounds - melodic and not so melodic. However, they all have deep meaning. Let's figure out what the names and surnames of the representatives of this, perhaps, the most mysterious country in the East mean.

Features of Japanese names

The structure of a full Japanese name is extremely simple and similar to the traditional Western one, differing only in the sequence. First, in official documents or in personal communication, the surname (family name) is mentioned, and then the proper name. This pattern is typical for many Asian cultures - Korean, Chinese, Vietnamese. Names are usually written using the Kanji alphabet, which can have many various options pronunciation. Middle names are not used. In documents not for internal use, for example, in international passports or international treaties The usual European form is used: first name + surname. Without exception, all Japanese people have only one given name and one surname. Members of the royal imperial family do not have a surname.

There are a lot of unique names in Japan. It is much more difficult for a Japanese to meet his namesake than for a representative of any other country. Often parents make up their own names for their children. But surnames have a narrower spectrum.

It is no secret that the Japanese writing system is quite complex, and causes difficulties not only for foreigners, but also for the residents of the Land of the Rising Sun themselves. Therefore, since 1981, certain rules in the spelling of names have been in force throughout the country:

• for names it is allowed to use 1945 joyo kanji characters;
• 166 Kanji characters;
• all syllable symbols from the katakana and hiragana alphabets;
• without restrictions - symbols of longitude, repetition, obsolete syllabic hieroglyphs, conventional icons, alphabet - romaji, hetaiganu

From time to time, this list is partially expanded and supplemented, including with outdated hieroglyphs.

The number of characters in a first or last name is not regulated; the length can be any. To transcribe Japanese names into Latin and Cyrillic, the Romaji or Polivanov system is used. Long vowels are sometimes dropped or marked with a long horizontal bar above the letter.

Another one interesting feature Japanese language, concerning names and communication in general. Usually interlocutors add, depending on age, gender, social status suffixes to the name:

• - herself - in relation to senior, managerial employees, etc.
• - san. Neutral respectful to any person, usually unfamiliar.
• - kun address relatives of the same age, acquaintances, classmates, male colleagues. Recently, it has often been used in relation to female teachers.
• -chan - when addressing children and girls. A kind of diminutive form. The name itself changes slightly when it is added: Sonechi - So-chan, Itoko - Ichi-chan; or even up to a single vowel: Amane - A-chan, Ebishi - E-chan. Sometimes the same thing is done with surnames to add a slight frivolity in conversation: Tokushiwa - Toku-chan, Aomori - Ao-chan. The Japanese also address their pets with “-chan”. It looks like this: Usagi - rabbit - Usa-chan; Hamusuta - hamster - Hamu-chan; Sinsira - chinchilla - Shin-chan; Neko - cat - ne-chan.

Less common suffixes:

• sensei - teacher;
• senpai - senior comrade;
• kohai - junior comrade;
• dono - equal (worthy to worthy). It went out of use several decades ago.

All names in Japan can be divided into three types:

1. vago - originally Japanese words(kun names);
2. kango - borrowed from China (names);
3. gairaigo - borrowed from Western culture.

Japanese surnames

Surnames officially appeared in Japan in 1870, when a law was passed making them mandatory. Most citizens preferred to choose the name of the area in which they lived as their family name. Thus, residents of the same village often became namesakes. From 1898 to 1946, a woman was obliged to take her husband's surname after marriage. On this moment The Civil Code provides for the possibility for newlyweds to choose one of their surnames if they wish. But in any case they should be the same. Although in practice, more than 90 percent of women after marriage prefer to take their husband's surname.

The most common Japanese surnames are:

• Aoki;
• Wada;
• Matsumoto;
• Taguchi;
• Watanabe;
• Nakamura;
• Maeda;
• Nakayama;
• Sato;
• Suzuki;
• Kato;
• Takahashi;
• Tanaka;
• Higashi;
• Yamamoto;
• Kobayashi;
• Iida;
• Takada;
• Takagi;
• Koyama;
• Nakata;
• Yamada;
• Takayama;
• Kawaguchi;
• Yamanaka;
• Ueda;
• Yamashita;
• Kawakami;
• Okawa;
• Mizuno;
• Komatsu;
• Yasuda;
• Kinoshita;
• Koike;
• Kikuchi;
• Matsushita;
• Hirano;
• Ueno;
• But yes;
• Takano;
• Nakano;
• Hattori;
• Kuroda;
• Yamaguchi;
• Hayakawa;
• Hasegawa.

Most Japanese surnames consist of two characters; one- or three-character ones are less common.

• surnames containing one component - a noun or an adjective - are of Japanese origin. For example, Watari is a crossing, Zata is a vegetable garden, Sisi is a lion.
• two components. There are up to 70% of them total number. Matsumoto: matsu (pine) + moto (root) = pine root. Kiyomizu: mizu (pure) + kiei (water) pure water.

Male and female Japanese names. Their meaning

Male Japanese names are characterized by rare hieroglyphs and reading systems in which the same hieroglyph has different meaning, depending on neighboring components.

Female names are easier to read and have a clear, extremely precise meaning.

Types of Japanese female names:

• abstract - they include such hieroglyphs as ksa - love, mi - beauty, an - calm, ti - mind, yu - tenderness, ma - truth, ka - smell, aroma;
• names of animals and plants. Haga - flower, Ine - rice, Kiku - chrysanthemum, Yanagi - willow;
• names with numerals. They were common among the nobility and were given according to birth order. Ni - two, go - five, nana seven.
• natural phenomena, Seasons. Yuki - snow, Natsu - summer, Asa - morning, Kumo - cloud.

As you can see, you can now make up any Japanese female name yourself. For example, Hagayuki is a snow flower, Kikuyu is a delicate chrysanthemum, Asaku is a beautiful morning.

Now in Japan you can find many fashionable borrowed names - Anna, Rena, Marta, Emiri (a modified form of the Western Emily - the sound l is absent in Japanese).

Previously, the particle Ko (child), often used in Japanese names, modern girls prefer to discard. So, Yumiko turned into Yumi, Hanako into Hana, Asako into Asa.

Japanese female names

Japanese male names

Japanese names consist of a surname followed by a given name, and as a rule, Japanese names are written in kanji. However, parents may also sometimes use the Japanese syllabaries hiragana and katakana to write their children's names. Moreover, in 1985, the list of officially permitted characters for recording Japanese names was expanded and now you can use Latin characters (Romanji), hentaiganu, man'yogana (syllabary alphabet), as well as special characters and symbols like * % $ ^ and the like. But in practice, hieroglyphs are almost always used to write Japanese names.

In the past, people in Japan were the property of the emperor, and their surname reflected their role in government. For example, Otomo (大友 " big friend, comrade"). Names were also given so that people knew that the person had made some great achievement, contribution, etc.

Before the Meiji Restoration, ordinary people did not have surnames, but, if necessary, used the name of the place of birth. For example, a person named Ichiro: could introduce himself as: "Ichiro: from Asahi Village, Musashi Province. Merchants used the names of their shops or brands. For example, Denbei, the owner of Sagamiya, could introduce himself as "Sagamiya Denbei." Peasants could name themselves after their father (for example, Isuke, whose father was called Genbei, could say: “Iseke, son of Genbei”).

After the Meiji Restoration, the government ordered all commoners to create a surname for themselves as part of a plan to modernize and westernize. Some people chose historical names, others simply made them up, for example by fortune telling, or turned to priests to choose a surname. This explains why there are a lot of different surnames, both in pronunciation and spelling and creates difficulties in reading.

Japanese surnames are extremely diverse, with an estimated over 100,000 different surnames. To the typical, most common Japanese surnames include: Sato (佐藤), Suzuki (铃木) and Takahashi (高桥).

However, Japanese surnames vary in prevalence in different regions of Japan. For example, the surnames Chinen (知念), Higa (比嘉), and Shimabukuro (岛袋) are common in Okinawa, but not in other parts of Japan. This is due mainly to the differences between the language and culture of the people of Yamato and Okinawa.

Many Japanese surnames come from characteristic features rural landscape, for example: Ishikawa (石川) means “stone river”, Yamamoto (山本) - “base of the mountain”, Inoue (井上) - “above the well”.

In general, surnames usually have some patterns and their reading does not cause any particular difficulties, but Japanese names are very diverse both in pronunciation and spelling.

Although many typical Japanese names can be easily written and read, many parents choose names with unusual characters or pronunciation. Such names do not have a clear reading or spelling.

The tendency to give such names has especially appeared since 1990. For example, the popular name for boys 大翔 is traditionally read as Hiroto, but alternative readings of this name have appeared: Haruto, Yamato, Daito, Taiga, Sora, Taito, Masato, and all of them have come into use.

Male names often end in –ro: (郎 “son”, but also 朗 “clear, bright”, e.g. Ichiro), –ta (太 “big, thick”, e.g. Kenta), contain ichi (一 “first [ son]), ji (二 - second [son]", or 次 "next", for example "Jiro"), or dai (大 "great, great", for example "Daiichi").

In addition, in male names with two hieroglyphs, hieroglyphs-indicators are often used male name: 夫 (o) - "husband", 男 (o) - "man", 雄 (o) - "hero", 朗 (ro:) - "cheerful", 樹 (ki) - "tree", 助 (suke ) "assistant" and many others.

Japanese female names

Most Japanese female names have an abstract meaning. Usually in such names such characters are used as 美 mi “beauty”, 愛 ai “love”, 安 an “calmness”, 知 ti “mind”, 優 yu: “tenderness”, 真 ma “truth” and others. As a rule, names with similar hieroglyphs are given to girls as a wish to have these qualities in the future.

There is another type of female names - names with hieroglyphs of animals or plants. Names with the animal characters 虎　"tiger" or 鹿 "deer" were considered to promote health, but such names are now considered old-fashioned and are rarely used, with the exception of the character 鶴 "crane". Names containing hieroglyphs associated with flora, are still often used, for example 花 hana - "flower", 稲 ine - "rice", 菊 kiku - "chrysanthemum", 竹 take - "bamboo", 桃 momo - "peach", 柳 yanagi - "willow", and others.

There are also names with numerals, but they are very few in number and are quite rare. Such names most likely come from old tradition name girls of noble families by birth order. Currently, the following characters are usually used among numerals: 千 ti "thousand", 三 mi "three", 五 go "five" and 七 nana "seven".

Quite often there are names with meanings of seasons, natural phenomena, time of day and many others. For example: 雪 yuki "snow", 夏 natsu "summer", 朝 asa "morning", 雲 kumo "cloud".

It happens that instead of hieroglyphs, syllabic alphabet are used. Moreover, the recording of such a name is constant, unlike words that can be written in different ways (in alphabet, in hieroglyphs, mixed). For example, if a woman’s name is written in hiragana, then it will always be written that way, although in terms of its meaning it can be written as a hieroglyph.

By the way, it’s very fashionable and exotic to use instead of classic female names foreign names: あんな Anna, まりあ Maria, えみり Emiri, れな Rena, りな Rina and others.

Indicator of Japanese female names.

A typical Japanese female name ends in the character -子 (child) – ko. (Maiko, Haruko, Hanako, Takako, Yoshiko, Asako, Naoko, Yumiko, etc.). And currently, about a quarter of Japanese female names end in -ko. Until 1868, this name was used only by members of the imperial family, but after the revolution this name became very popular, especially in the mid-20th century. However, after 2006, this indicator of a female name ceased to be fashionable due to the emergence new fashion on names and many girls took it out of their name, and began to call them simply Yumi, Hana, Haru, etc.

The second most frequently used character is 美 mi "beauty" (up to 12%), unlike many other indicators of the gender of a name, it can appear anywhere in the name (Fumiko, Mie, Kazumi, Miyuki).

Also, about 5% of Japanese female names contain the component 江 e "bay" (Mizue, 廣江 Hiroe).

Many other characters are used to indicate that this is a female name, each of which is found in less than 4% of female names: 代 yo "era", 香 ka "smell", 花 ka "flower", 里 ri "measure of length ri" ( often used phonetically), 奈 na is used phonetically, 織 ori "cloth" and others.

However, there are female names, consisting of several hieroglyphs that have no indicators that this is a female name. Examples: 皐月 Satsuki, 小巻 Komaki.

Popular Japanese names and their meanings

Since 2005, the Japanese company Benesse Corporation has annually published a ranking of popular Japanese names among newborns. In 2011, from January 1 to May 31, 34,500 people were born, of which 17,959 were boys and 16,541 were girls.

Popular Japanese male names

Popular Japanese female names

Japanese pet names/nicknames/nicknames

From each name you can form one or more diminutive names by adding the nominal suffix -chan or -kun to the stem. There are two types of name stems. One consists of the full name, such as Taro: -chan (Taro:), Kimiko-chan (Kimiko) and Yasunari-chan (Yasunari).

Another type of stem is an abbreviation of the full name. Ta:-chan (Taro:), Kii-chan (Kimiko), Ya:-chan (Yasunari), Ko:-kun, Ma:-kun, Sho:-chan, etc. Second type diminutive name is a more intimate relationship (for example, between friends).

There are other ways to form diminutive names, for example, a girl with the name Megumi can be called Kei-chan, since the character with which the name Megumi begins (恵) can also be read as Kei.

The common Japanese practice of creating abbreviations, which involves combining the first two syllables of two words, is sometimes applied to names (usually celebrities).

For example, Kimura Takuya (木村拓哉), a famous Japanese actor and singer, becomes Kimutaku (キムタク). This is sometimes applied to foreign celebrities: Brad Pitt, whose full name in Japanese is Buraddo Pitto (ブラッド ピット), is fairly well known as Burapi (ブラピ), and Jimi Hendrix is ​​shortened to Jimihen (ジミヘン). Another slightly less common method is to double one or two syllables in a person's name. For example, Mamiko Noto may be called MamiMami.

Japanese names in Chinese

As a rule, Japanese names are written in hieroglyphs. And the Japanese, like many other things, borrowed hieroglyphs from the Chinese. Those. Japanese and Chinese will read the same character differently. For example, 山田太郎 (Yamada Taro:) the Chinese will read approximately as “Shantien Tailang”, and 鳩山由紀夫 (Hatoyama Yukio) as “Jiushan Youjifu”. That's why the Japanese don't understand their names when they read them in Chinese."

Reading Japanese first and last names

Reading names in Japanese is very difficult. The hieroglyphs of one name can be read different ways and at the same time, the pronunciation of one name can also be written in different ways... You can learn more about the features of reading Japanese names

Japanese nominal suffixes

In Japan, when addressing a person, it is customary to use the surname or first name (usually the Japanese address each other by surname) nominal suffixes, more details about them are briefly written

Names and Surnames of Japanese Emperors

Japanese emperors do not have surnames, and their lifetime Japanese names are taboo and not used in official Japanese documents, and instead the emperor is addressed by his title without a given name. When an emperor dies, he receives a posthumous name, which consists of two parts: the name of the virtue glorifying him and the tenno title: “emperor.” For example:

During the life of the emperor, it is also not customary to address him by name, since in general it is not polite to address him by name, much less to the emperor, and instead various titles are used. For example, as a child, Akihito had a title - Tsugu-no-miya (Prince Tsugu). Such titles are mainly used while a person is an heir or has not received a special name.

The cultural values ​​and centuries-old traditions of Japan remain largely a mystery to us. The country of samurai and man-made civilization is shrouded in a mysterious haze hiding something important from prying eyes. Both first names and surnames are the most curious part of the Japanese language and cultural heritage. They are an integral part of the country’s history and contain a lot of interesting facts. Japanese female names are a separate topic worthy of discussion.

Beautiful Japanese woman

Japanese name base

It is difficult for any representative of Russian-speaking culture to distinguish Japanese name from the surname. Therefore, you just need to remember that the Japanese call the surname first, then the personal name without a patronymic. In the land of the rising sun, parents name both boys and girls without much difficulty, guided by the dictates of their hearts. At the same time, they rely on cultural traditions, as well as on modern tendencies word formation. Names for girls often consist of two parts, one of which can be replaced and given a new meaning.

Written using hieroglyphs, Japanese female names are read differently. The sound will depend on the way you read it.

The Japanese have another interesting feature. They actively use all kinds of consoles. A curious fact is that the prefix is ​​most often applied to their surnames, and first names are omitted altogether. The meanings of the prefixes are:

• the san prefix is ​​used in combination with the surname for traditionally polite address
• sama - the prefix is ​​added to surnames when addressing high-ranking officials, government members, and representatives of the clergy
• sensei – this prefix is ​​used after the last name when addressing professionals in any direction; for us it evokes associations with Japanese films and means an appeal to martial arts masters
• kun - in combination with the surname it is used in communication with teenagers and subordinates
• chan (chan) - this prefix is ​​added to the personal name when communicating with children, friends or lovers.

It is noteworthy that in Japanese families the following addresses are most often heard: father and mother, daughter and son, younger brother or younger sister, older brother or older sister. Traditionally, the prefix -chan (-chan) is added to these addresses.

Female names in Japanese

Harmony and simplicity are inherent in Japanese surnames and names. Girls in this amazing country called abstract. The beautiful, simple, feminine sound of a female name is interconnected with its meaning: “moon”, “flower”, “bamboo”, “aroma”, “chrysanthemum”, “morning dew”.

Girl's names often contain the following characters: "mi", meaning "beauty" (Fumiko, Harumi, Kazumi, Miyuki), or "ko", meaning "child" (Yumiko, Asako, Maiko, Takao). The character “ko” is not particularly popular among girls, so they colloquial speech it is often omitted. Thus, Naoko becomes Nao, and her friends call her Nao-chan.

The following syllables are also very popular:

• ay – love
• ti - mind
• an – calm
• ma - true
• yu - tenderness

They are added, wanting the girl to acquire these qualities over time.

Another type includes Japanese female names with hieroglyphs that mean plants or animals. The syllable with the meaning “crane” is used most often. But “tiger” and “deer” have long gone out of fashion, although their presence signifies good health. Syllables associated with plants are in particular demand:

• Khana – means “flower”
• kiku – chrysanthemum
• ine – rice
• momo - peach
• take – bamboo
• yanagi – willow

Japanese female names with hieroglyphs-numerals are considered quite rare. They are traditionally used in noble families, reflecting birth order. Here are some of them: “nana” means the number seven, “go” means five, “mi” means three, “ti” means a thousand.

It happens that hieroglyphs have the meaning of natural phenomena, seasons, time of day, etc. What an extensive list can be compiled from them! Here are some examples: “natsu” - summer, “kumo” - cloud, “asa” - morning.

In Japanese, beautiful names for girls combined with surnames sound very poetic. They often mean some natural phenomena, or reflect features of landscapes or positive qualities character.

The list of popular names for girls contains those that are used today in famous animated series, historical chronicles, and comics.

Parents often turn to specialists to come up with something unusual for their daughter, beautiful name with a melodic sound and special significance. The extensive list in the modern Japanese name book, the use of prefixes and the emergence of new hieroglyphs make it almost impossible - female names are rarely repeated. Interestingly, their parliament makes changes to the list of permitted characters in the spelling of names approximately every five years.

No matter how beautiful Japanese female names are, they often choose not classic Japanese ones, but foreign ones that are exotic for their language, for example: Anna, Emiri, Maria, Rina, Rena, etc.

This is interesting

When a Japanese woman gets married, she takes her husband's surname. IN in rare cases it happens the other way around, a man takes his wife’s surname if she is from a very noble family. In their traditions there is no such thing as a double surname.

In the Middle Ages, women did not have surnames at all. It was believed that they simply did not need them, because the girls were not heirs. In aristocratic families, girls were often named with the syllable “hame” at the end, which means “princess” in Japanese. Samurai wives were addressed by their husband's surname and rank, and their personal names ended in "-gozen." The nobility and the monastic class had names ending in “in.”

Examples of popular Japanese names for women

Names are perhaps the most difficult part of the Japanese language. It is almost impossible to list all of their options. According to statistics, the most popular in last years are:

Ay – indigo, love

Aika - love song

Aiko - child of love

Aimi - I love beauty

Akane – bright red color

Akemi - bright beauty

Aki – autumn, bright, sparkle

Akiko – child of autumn

Akira - clear

Amaterasu - sun goddess

Aoi – blue, mallow

Arisu - Alice

Asami - morning beauty

Asuka - the scent of tomorrow

Atsuko is a kind child

Avaron - the island of apples

Aya – colorful, design

Ayaka – flower petals

Ayame - iris flower

Ayano is my color

Ayumi – walking, walking

Azumi – safe living

June - obedient

Junko is an obedient child

Izumi - fountain

Kaori - the scent of weaving

Kaoru - aroma

Kasumi - fog

Katsumi – victory of beauty

Kazue – branch, first blessing

Kazuko – harmonious

Kazumi – harmonious beauty

Kiku – chrysanthemum

Kin - gold

Kiyomi – pure beauty

Kohaku – amber

Kou – happiness

Mayi - dance

Makoto - sincerity

Mana - love

Manami - tender beauty

Masami – elegant beauty

Megumi - blessing

Michi - the way

Midori – green

Minori - truth

Mitsuko - the shining child

Mizuki - beautiful moon

Momo - peach

Moriko - forest child

Naoki - obedient tree

Naomi comes first

Ran – lily, orchid

Rika - a significant scent

Ren - water lily

Fumiko - a child of treasured beauty

Haru – spring, sun

Harumi - spring beauty

Hikaru – shine

Hoshi is a star

Chi - wisdom

Chow - butterfly

Shika - a gentle deer

Shinju - a pearl

Amy is a beautiful blessing

Etsuko is a joyful child

Yasu - calm

Yayoi - spring

Transliteration of the Japanese language causes a lot of speculation and controversy. Therefore, there are many discrepancies in the translations of names. Having become familiar with the basics of the formation of female names in the land of the rising sun, you can not only study their language more deeply, but also become imbued with the philosophy of this mysterious people.