Tricks of illusionists. Revealing the secrets of famous tricks

Tricks are an entertaining and witty puzzle that the viewer has to solve in a split second. Because the law of the genre requires speed, immediacy. The public does not have time to comprehend what they see. One magic follows another, and it seems that the familiar and established world order is collapsing under the pressure of incredible transformations following each other.

First tricks (Ancient Egypt)

Rocks on the banks of the Nile and carved into them around 1260 BC. e. the temple of Abu Simbel... It can be considered the first illusionary device known to people. Twice a year, on his birthday and on the day he ascended the throne, Pharaoh Ramses II appeared there. A mysterious atmosphere, hundreds of people waiting for a miracle, temple priests reading ancient spells and magic formulas. They call on the sun to break through the clouds and reveal Pharaoh to the people. And a miracle happens. IN right time, as if obeying the priests, with a scythe Sunbeam pierces the opening of a narrow door, penetrates into a low and dark room and illuminates the figure of the ruler in the darkness.

This is how ancient papyri described the ceremony. Researchers were able to find the answer to this mystery ancient civilization only in the twentieth century. Prehistoric architects knew exactly where and at what time the solar disk would rise on the days of the ceremony. They were able to orient the doors of the temple in accordance with the movement of the sun, through which the beam penetrated into the room and room in which Ramses II was located. The effect of this illusion was amazing - the subjects sincerely believed that the luminary itself was pointing to the ruler.

This historical fact can give one possible answer to the question: “What is focus?” It is possible that this is the use of accumulated knowledge to achieve the desired result! This answer is quite likely.

Manipulators of Ancient Greece

The mystical illusions of the priests could not go unnoticed. IN Ancient Greece Magicians appeared during the Greco-Persian Wars. But they showed their art not in temples, but in fairgrounds. Surprisingly, in the writings of the grammarian and rhetorician Alkiphron (3rd century AD) there is a mention of a trick that has survived to this day. In his book, he describes how a traveling magician placed three cups and three stones on the table. In an incredible way, the stones moved - they ended up under one cup, then disappeared and were in the magician's mouth. And after that they completely disappeared, but the illusionist began to take them out of the spectators’ pockets, ears or hair. The audience laughed and was surprised at the performer’s agility, because magic tricks are, first of all, a witty and entertaining performance.

The illusion between science and quackery

Development of illusionary art in medieval Europe went side by side with completely scientific experiments. No one distinguished between magic and quackery and experiments in the field of chemistry or optics. This was done by many famous people, whose names have survived to this day. The famous astrologer and predictor Michel Nostradamus (1503-1566) did not hesitate to show tricks. This, of course, increased the degree of his influence on the miracle-loving and mysterious phenomena the public. A description of the optical experiment demonstrated by the great mystic has been preserved. The assistants would lower the doll through an opening panel in the ceiling, and then lift it back up and close the hatch. Spectators watched this through a narrow gap in the wall, into which a triangular transparent prism was mounted. It gave an “inverted” effect. It seemed that the doll rose from below and disappeared there. Spectators were then allowed into the room and examined the floor. But it was made of stone, and there were no secret hatches in it.

Reflection in works of art

The popularity of illusion shows became so widespread in the Middle Ages that many writers and artists could not ignore this topic. They reflected in their work some aspects containing elements of magic or magic tricks. Science, magic or art - it is difficult to give a short description of the phenomenon. But in known classical works their influence on medieval culture is visible.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c. 1525-1569) depicted the overthrow of a magician from the throne in one of his paintings. Wandering artists were depicted on the canvas in the guise of devils. Another Dutchman Hieronymus Bosch(1450-1516), in his work also turned to the image of wandering magicians, magicians and sorcerers.

The expert Goethe (1749-1832) in his “Faust” also paints magical pictures of the Middle Ages. Wine that flows from the table and catches fire, freeing itself from the shackles of Margarita. A beheaded man carrying his severed head in his hands. All these tricks formed the basis of the repertoire of artists performing magic tricks. What is their secret and appeal for such a long time? Apparently, in people's desire to penetrate the mystery and ineradicable faith in miracles.

Penetration into Russia

The first serious illusion shows in Russia took place with the participation of foreign guest performers. They were held in largest theaters that time. There was a stage at the Maly Theater, and in St. Petersburg, foreign illusions were demonstrated on the stage of the Alexander Theater. By this time, illusion art had transformed. It began to widely use the technical innovations of that time. Gone are the days when cheap fairground shows were the lot of magicians and sorcerers. Everyone accessible ways they led the audience to the idea that magic tricks were serious.

Foreign guest performers in Russia

The 19th century was especially rich in the demonstration of such ideas in Russia. Many of the artists were true great masters of their genre.

Karl Hermann is a representative of the famous family of European magicians. He was artistic, joked a lot during shows and turned the audience into his assistants. At the same time, he was one of the first to use large illusion equipment. His repertoire included the “Boy in the Air” trick - the performer rested his hand on a long pole. At the same time, his legs were torn off the ground. At the request of the audience, the artist poured various drinks from the same bottle - from milk to champagne.

Karl Mekgold, who arrived on tour in Moscow, captivated the public so much that newspapers of that time compared him with Schiller and Mozart in his art. In the artist’s hands, the copper coin turned into a frog, which, in turn, became a canary. Spectators gave the artist scarves, watches, and jewelry. All these items ended up in the violin, which hung on the wall in a closed case.

The sorcerer and magician Bartolomeo Bosco captivated the discerning public. His performances evoked a flurry of enthusiastic responses. The artist himself appeared before the audience in a sleeveless suit. All the props he used were extremely simple - open tables with thin legs, no tablecloths in which something could be hidden. It seemed that objects really disappeared and appeared, obeying the artist’s wishes. The audience unanimously agreed that the experiments (tricks) demonstrated by Bosco were magic.

The first Russian magicians

Russian magicians did not lag behind their foreign colleagues. History has preserved the names of some of them. In 1828, behind the Rogozhskaya outpost there was an arena for baiting animals. A certain Karasev performed there - he showed “extraordinary mechanical experiments.” Under the supervision of spectators, the performer hid a hand-held chronometer in a box, but it disappeared. A bird appeared in place of the clock. The jewelry hidden in the same box was found in the viewer's pocket.

In another amphitheater, at the Tverskaya Gate, the magician Soloviev performed. In the poster he called himself a “fireproof man.” His experiments (tricks) were related to fire.

In 1835, the former mechanic Nikulin showed his magic show on the stage of the Maly Theater in Moscow. A skilled craftsman, he used many self-made illusion devices in his shows. And we also received information about the performances of such Russian magicians as Kuparenko, Vasily Korchagin and Ivan Martin in those same years.

Although it is important to note that the public perceived the performances of home-grown Russian artists colder than the performances of their foreign colleagues. Dictionaries of the Russian language reflect the attitude towards this type of art in Russia through the meaning of the word “trick” - buffoonery, hassle, deception.

Illusionary art was most developed in the Soviet Union. New illusionary attractions and small rooms were created. Gradually, the catchy ones that Russian magicians traditionally used for themselves have become a thing of the past. The very attitude towards artists and the understanding of what focus is have changed. The magical and mystical background of this phenomenon is a thing of the past. The best representatives of the genre seemed to invite the audience into the game and say: “Now you will be deceived, but you can reveal this deception.”

Such masters include the famous illusionist E. T. Keogh, the first Soviet female illusionist Cleo Dorothy (Claudia Karasik). The tradition of using technical innovations in illusion was brilliantly continued by Anatoly Sokol. Otar Ratiani created the original attraction “The Invisible Man” based on the novel by H. Wells. Another masterpiece of the illusionary score of the Soviet Circus is “Water Extravaganza” by Ilya Simvolokov. And at the end of Anatoly Shag-Novozhilov’s performance, a whole field of eared rye and folk round dances appeared in the circus arena. The artists did not just perform tricks - they developed their art, making it social and topical.

Miracles don't end there

So what is the appeal of magic tricks? Anyone can do magic with their own hands - apparently, this is precisely the reason for their popularity and longevity. After all, you don’t have to become a professional magician. A large number of accessible literature makes it possible to master simple but effective tricks. And you don’t need any large props for this - a deck of cards, a handkerchief, a few coins or balls. And the amazed eyes of the audience, like a time machine, are able to transport the performer thousands of years into the depths of centuries. After all, this is how the ancient Egyptians looked at the miracles occurring in the temple of Pharaoh Ramses in 1260 BC.

There are secrets hidden in your hat or sleeve. However, in order to become a famous magician and gain universal recognition, you need to go through a long, thorny path.

Creating the perfect illusion requires refined technique, exceptional dexterity and organizational skills. Welcome to the world of magic!

About magic

Rabbits are not pets

In the state of Queensland, Australia, it is illegal to own rabbits as pets. You are allowed to keep them at home only if you prove that you really are an illusionist.

Otherwise, you face a fine of $45,500.

German Association of Illusionists

The largest organization of illusionists in Germany has about 3 thousand members and strictly monitors the rules and preservation of the standards of this profession. In order to get into it, you must pass the so-called magic exam.

Every year the association organizes German championships in magic. Every time at this championship they choose "Wizard of the Year"

Spells

Spells are supposed to have a certain magical effect and can be performed by those with magical powers. They can be found in ancient literary documents.

For example, the Merseburg spells date back to the 8th century, and the Abracadabra spell, first mentioned in the 3rd century, was intended to prevent misfortune and illness and involved the summoning of good spirits.

Terms

Is there a difference between magicians, wizards and illusionists? The answer is undoubtedly yes.

Illusionists work on stage with props and behind each of their tricks there is an explanation. At the same time, magic and sorcery imply the intervention of supernatural forces.

The largest federation of magicians

There is a world great amount various associations of illusionists. The largest of them is International Federation Magical communities, which has more than 60 thousand followers from 55 countries.

Once every three years, the Federation organizes world championships in the art of magic, where representatives from different countries in several categories.

The Sorcerer's Apprentice

Although there are no official training courses For magicians, sorcerers and illusionists, there are some private schools offering basic training for those who want to delve into the magical world.

Sometimes illusionists reveal their secrets at conferences and seminars dedicated to this art. Some even sell their own tricks in specialty stores. However, beginners may need a lot of time to hone their skills, because The best way To learn something is practice, and more practice.

Is there something wrong

In 1956, a magician performed a trick of sawing a man live, assisted by his wife. The moment he sawed it in two, the recording ended abruptly.

Compassionate viewers thought that something had gone wrong and the illusionist had actually sawed his wife, but it turned out that the screen time had simply run out.

Magic tricks

Sawing a man in half

This is one of the most famous illusions in the world. It was first presented to the public in 1921 in the USA.

The trick is that the assistant - usually female - is placed in a closed box, sawed into two parts, after which they are put back together and the person comes out of the box unharmed. Illusionists around the world include sawing a person in the list of their magic tricks and play classic version, bringing freshness and new ideas into it.

Online magic

It sounds very strange, but online magic really exists. IN modern internet there is everything you can imagine. Including various online magic tricks that do not require the presence of a magician on the other side of the screen.

Usually these are various illusions and card tricks. At one time a trick appeared on the Internet "Esmeralda's Crystal Ball" which immediately went viral. Many people were so naive that they believed that their computers had magical powers.

Their belief in this was shattered when a page appeared on the Internet dedicated to revealing the secret of this trick.

Secrets of illusionists

The secret behind the trick

The most mysterious tricks in the world undoubtedly belong to the field of magic and sorcery. If the illusionist reveals all his secrets, he will no longer be attractive to people, they will lose interest in him, and he will be left without a means of subsistence.

That is why members of the German Association of Illusionists are very reluctant to reveal their secrets.

Risky stunts

Despite the fact that basically everything that happens on stage is an illusion, magical performances do not always end successfully. There are known cases when illusionists went around during the show.

The highest mortality rate is observed among illusionists who practice tricks related to escaping from boxes of water, fire, etc. Several magicians died trying to catch the bullet. Magic can also be very dangerous.

The best magicians

The greatest show

The Ehrlich brothers are the real stars of the magic community in Germany. In the summer of 2016, they were held at one of the stadiums in Frankfurt. own show, full of magic and illusions. 38,503 people watched it!

This is undoubtedly a world record. These brothers are the most famous illusionists in Germany and have been nominated for an award three times. "Illusionist of the Year"

Unfair disqualification

In 1988, an illusionist named Lennart Green participated in the World Championship of Illusionists. His performance was so flawless that the judges considered him a cheater and disqualified him.

Three years later, Green returned to the World Championships and, by allowing the judges to shuffle the cards himself, proved his integrity. He was awarded an honorable first place.

Sleight of hand - and no fraud

In 2006, after his performance, the famous illusionist David Copperfield was returning home on foot with his two assistants. At some point, two armed teenagers jumped out of a parked car and ordered David and his assistants to empty their pockets.

They clearly did not understand who was in front of them. The frightened assistants laid out their phones and money, and David, using sleight of hand and trained skills, hid the property so that the would-be robbers saw only empty pockets turned inside out.

The One Who Tricked Houdini

The famous illusionist Harry Houdini boasted that if he saw the card trick three times, he could easily reveal its secret. However, professor and illusionist Dai Vernon challenged him.

After Houdini failed to figure out the secret of the trick on the seventh attempt, Vernon was dubbed "The One Who Tricked Houdini."

The best illusionists

Wealth

Creating illusions can make magicians a lot of money. The richest illusionist in the world is David Copperfield, whose fortune is estimated at $800 million. To date, he has sold over 35 million tickets to his shows.

In 2015, Forbes magazine named him one of the richest famous people peace. David Copperfield is also the owner of a chain of resort islands in the Bahamas.

Other successful illusionists include Penn and Teller, Siegfried and Roy, Lance Burton and David Blaine.

Black magic

Where is it practiced?

If you look for the connection between black magic and religion, black magic is mainly practiced in Hinduism. Sorcerers who practice black magic often associate themselves with Hindu deities.

Effects

The consequences of black magic can be different - from changes in behavior, to a sudden and serious deterioration in health for no apparent reason, as well as the appearance of certain mental disorders.

In the most severe cases, plants in the house of a person exposed to black magic may die, and his nails may turn black.

Scientific explanation

Despite the fact that at first glance it may seem that behind black magic there are supernatural powers- in fact, this is not so. Its effects have a completely scientific explanation.

It has been proven that negative energy can affect the physical and psychological condition of people.

Zombie

Stories of zombies first appeared in Haiti, when bokors (black magicians) poisoned their victims with a special neurotoxin obtained from the venom of puffer fish. At the same time, lethargy, inhibition and heightened perception of the surrounding world appeared.

Sorcerers used illusions and visual effects to enhance the effect of the toxin. At the same time, the person was in a completely unbalanced state, so it was very easy to control him.

Famous illusionists

World stars

Everyone who is interested in illusions, magic tricks with animals and magic tricks cannot help but know the German-American duo Siegfried and Roy. Siegfried Fischbacher and Roy Horn achieved worldwide fame with their magic shows with lions and tiger shows in the late 20th century.

To date their shows are in Las Vegas considered the most expensive and complex show in the world. In 2003, during a performance, Roy was seriously injured, but recovered and returned to the stage after 10 days. Shortly after this, the duo retired.

War time

Hereditary British illusionist Jasper Maskelyne gained fame during the Second World War. He ended up in a unit called "Team of Wizards" Along with Jasper, the best magicians and swindlers worked in this unit, easily deceiving people.

Getting the go-ahead to create such a group was not so easy - Maskelyne had to create an illusion with the appearance of a projection of a German cruiser on the Thames. For this trick he used his model and mirrors.

Jasper used his skill to create illusions and camouflage to deceive the enemy.

Municipal secondary education autonomous institution secondary school No. 7 of the urban district of the city of Neftekamsk of the Republic of Bashkortostan

RESEARCH

Tricks and illusions .

Performed:

student of 4th grade "E"

Gilemkhanova Azalia

Scientific adviser:

Alyokhina E.F.

Neftekamsk-2018

Table of contents:

Introduction 3

Chapter 1. Main part

1.1. Definition of the concepts “focus” and “illusion” 5

1.2. The history of tricks and illusions 7

1.3. Magicians past and present 8

1.4. Types of tricks 9

1.5. Secret tricks 10

Chapter 2.

2.1. Survey. eleven

2.2. Magicians Rules 11

2.3. Do-it-yourself tricks and manipulations 11

Conclusion. 13

List of references and sources 14

Application

Introduction

Relevance:

From TV screens and street posters it rains down on us:

Unique event!

Magic show!

Battle of the Mages!

Great and terrible!

Incredible and impossible!

Unique!.

From the pages of the media and TV screens we are literally bombarded with information about magic, magic and the impossibility of repetition. Due to the lack of sufficient objective knowledge on this issue, we are faced with a problem:

How to react to broadcast information?

What is this: sleight of hand, manipulation, magic?

Are we powerless against them, or are there scientifically explainable facts that reveal this “pseudo-magic” science?

The question arises:

What is focus?

Can anyone become a magician?

Target: learn what magic tricks are, nlearn to perform simple tricks.

Zadachi :

1. Study the literature on the research topic.

2. Find out whether there is a difference in the concepts of “focus” and “illusion”.

3.Study the history of tricks and illusions

4. Determine what types of tricks there are.

5. Find information about famous magicians.

Hypothesis: if you want, then every person can learn to perform tricks and illusions.

Object of study: inexplicable, secret, mysteriousthe art of illusions and tricks.

Subject of study: tricks and illusions.

Research methods:

1. Study of literature, materials from Internet sites.

2. Observation, questioning.

3. Analysis and synthesis of results.

4. Study and practice of magic tricks.

Chapter 1.

1.1. Definition of the concepts of “focus” and “illusion”

In the dictionaries of V.I. Dahl and S.I. Ozhegov, D.V. Dmitriev and Wikipedia (Internet encyclopedia) you can get the following definitions of the concept “focus”.

Hocus Pocus - buffoonery, a joke, a hassle, a distraction, an incomprehensible phenomenon based on art and pretense (Dictionary living Great Russian language/ V.I.Dal).

Focus- This:

1. The point of intersection of refracted or reflected rays incident on an optical system in a parallel beam.

2. The point at which the lens creates a clear image of the object. Be in focus. Don't get into focus.

3. The focus of the inflammatory process. The focus is on the lungs.

4. Focus, center. Earthquake focus. Get into the spotlight (translated; book)

5. A trick based on cunning, agility and dexterity.

6. (translated colloquially) A trick, a trick that attracts attention with its unusualness, surprise (Explanatory Dictionary / S.I. Ozhegov).

1 . Focus calledvisualdemonstrationwhat-lforunusual, incredible, whichIt is based ondeceptionvision, attentionathelpspeciallydevelopedtechniques, movements, whichaccording to generally knownideasNotcantake place, Notcanbeimplemented.

2 . Focus call the action, which requires special dexterity from a person, skills.

3 . Focus called a clever trick, trick, trick.

4 . If youaskwhom- or, toeverything waswithout tricks , then that means, Whatyou are asking this person to do something- it's serious, do not show unnecessary initiative, etc.. P.

5 . Focus calledcomplexity, secretVmanufacturingwhat- orproducts, workwhat- ordevices orVactionWhich- ordesigns.

6 . Focus called unusual, unexpected act, whim andT. P. ( Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Dmitriev./ D. IN. Dmitriev. )

7. http:// www. scorcher. ru/ any/ magic. htm .

APPLICATIONS

Annex 1.

Appendix 2

Survey of 97 students of MOAU Secondary School No. 7.

Appendix 3

A beginner's magician's guide.

Scientific tricks.

Focus 1.

Knot on a rope.

Is it possible to tie a knot in a rope without letting go of the ends? It turns out yes! Place a rope 50-55 cm long on the table. Interlace your arms over your chest. Then bend over to the table and take one end of the rope with each hand in turn. After the arms are spread apart, a knot will appear in the middle of the rope

How to start a fire underwater?

Since childhood, we know: fire and water are irreconcilable enemies. But this experiment proves the opposite. Fire can burn even under water.

You will need: a candle stub, a bowl, cold water, matches!

Progress of the experiment:

Attach the candle stub to the bottom of the bowl (adult help). Light a candle and drip melted paraffin into the bottom of the bowl. Blow out the candle and press its bottom to the paraffin stain. Wait until it cools down. Now pour water into the bowl, just not full so that it does not reach the top of the candle. Light the candle and wait a little.

What happens: the fire gradually burns the paraffin, but the candle continues to burn even when the wick has dropped well below the water level. A funnel formed in the candle, going deep under the water.

Explanation: Typically, when burned, paraffin melts and evaporates. But in this experiment the candle stands at cold water. Water lowers the temperature of the paraffin, so its outer layer does not heat up to the melting point. In other words, the water cools the candle, and the outer layer of paraffin does not melt or evaporate. Thin walls are formed around the candle, which prevent water from flooding the fire. The flame burns a crater around the wick. But at some point the walls of the funnel will not withstand the water pressure, and then the candle will go out.

Focus 2.

Is it possible to cut wood with paper?

The paper is too soft and wrinkles easily. More likely to tear than to saw through the tree. Many people think this way, but this is not always true!

You will need: a sheet of paper, a compass, scissors!, a sharpened pencil, a long screw and a nut for it, a drill!, a wooden stick.

Progress of the experiment:

Using a compass, draw a circle on paper with a diameter of about 20 cm. Cut it out. Using the tip of a pencil, widen the hole in the center to accommodate the screw. Tighten the nut firmly until it presses the paper disk against the screw head. Now comes the dangerous part. Ask an adult to help you. You need to insert a screw with a paper disk into the drill chuck and turn it on. Hand it over carefully wooden stick to the spinning disk. The most important thing is not to accidentally touch the disk with your hand!

What happens: the paper will easily saw through the wooden stick! You can try to saw through a plastic cup. It won't be able to resist a paper disc either.

Explanation: Thanks to rapid rotation, the paper becomes rigid and does not wrinkle. Just as a flexible rope becomes straight and rigid when stretched, paper becomes stretched in an experiment. At the same time, its edge becomes hard and sharp, like a saw, and can cut wood or a plastic cup. Also, you yourself noticed that it’s easy to cut yourself on the edge of the paper. This sometimes happens if you quickly run your finger along the edge of a sheet. Paper even cuts skin.

Focus 3.

How to light a light bulb with a pencil?

This experiment will prove that a light bulb can shine without wires. You will need: 1 coin cell battery 4.5 volts, metal scissors, adhesive tape, a flashlight bulb, a pencil with a dark lead circle at the blunt end.

Progress of the experiment:

Place the bulb base (sharp tip) against the circle of lead on the blunt end of the pencil. Of course, the light bulb won't hold on by itself, so it's best to stick it to the pencil with a strip of adhesive tape. Place the pencil on the table so that its sharpened tip touches one of the battery legs. However, the light is not on yet. Open the scissors and touch one tip of the second claw to the battery, and the other to the thread of the light bulb.

What happens: as soon as you connect the light bulb and the second pole of the battery with scissors, the light bulb lights up!

Explanation: It is quite clear that the scissors have closed the electrical circuit. After all, without electricity the light bulb would not light up. And the role of wires in this experiment was played by scissors and a pencil. Metal scissors conduct electricity - this is not surprising, but a pencil? After all, it's made of wood! But wood does not conduct electricity. It's all about the stylus. IN modern pencils it is made from graphite. Graphite is a mineral that conducts electricity. That is why the base of the light bulb must be pressed against the lead. If the base slips and touches the wood, the light bulb will not light.

Focus 4.

Can forks hang in the air?

Try to place a coin on the edge of a glass - you will hardly succeed. And forks rarely float in the air by themselves. But if you combine both, everything will work out!

You will need: a medium-sized coin, 2 table forks, a glass.

Progress of the experiment:

Place the coin forks on top of each other, then place the coin on the edge of the glass. In this case, the edge of the coin should only slightly protrude beyond the edge. You need to act very carefully. It is not so easy to balance a structure of forks and coins so that it lies without falling.

What happens: the coin is on the glass, and the forks are hanging in the air! They may wobble a little, but they won't fall.

Explanation: the fork trick is based on shifting the center of gravity. The center of gravity is the imaginary point at which the bulk of the body falls. If you look at any object, you can imagine where the heaviest parts are located and where the lightest ones are. Then it will become clear where the central point is. In the case of a design made of a coin and forks, the center of gravity falls precisely on the edge of the coin. That's why we managed to place a coin on the edge of the glass: the structure was balanced and did not fall

Focus 5.

Chemical volcano.

This simple experiment allows you to get a clear idea of what a chemical reaction is.

You will need: soda (sodium carbonate) – 2 teaspoons; table vinegar (9 percent) - 2 tablespoons; a hollow cylinder with a diameter of 2–3 cm and a length of about 5 cm (you can make it yourself, or you can simply use any ready-made container, for example, during editorial experiments a toothpick box was used); water – 50 ml; gouache or red watercolor; plasticine; tea saucer.

Preparation: place the box on a saucer, stick plasticine on top so that you get a mountain that is wide at the base and converging upward with a hole at the top. To form a mountain, you can use either plain plasticine or use different colors, and also diversify the topography of our mountain by sculpting ledges, rock overhangs, and crevices. The more we work on the mountain, the more beautiful our upcoming volcanic eruption will be.

Progress of the experiment:

Pour two teaspoons of soda into the hole of the volcano (the proportions can be changed experimentally to achieve a more or less strong effect). Fill a glass a quarter full with warm (but not hot) water, add and stir a little red or burgundy gouache or watercolor until an intense color forms. Pour 2 tablespoons of vinegar into the colored water and mix everything. Carefully pour the resulting solution into the crater of the volcano and enjoy the eruption.

Explanation: soda and a tinted solution of acetic acid will enter into chemical reaction, and red foam will begin to “erupt” from the crater of the volcano.

Focus 6.

Water pressure.

The deeper a diver dives, the more pressure the water puts on him. You can estimate water pressure by the force with which the stream escapes from the hole.

You will need: plastic bottle, knitting needle, water.

Progress of the experiment:

Fill the bottle with water and place it vertically. Make three holes in the bottle with a knitting needle (adult help).

What happens: jets of water burst out of the holes with varying strength.

Explanation: the lower layers of water are under greater pressure, so the stream from the bottom hole hits the farthest.

Focus 7.

How to teach coins to dance?

You will need: several sheets of paper, colored pencils, 2 small coins, glue, thread, 2 chairs.

Progress of the experiment:

Let's draw a clown on paper, cut it out, trace it along the outline on another sheet and cut out the second clown. Tie the ends of the thread to the legs of two chairs and arrange the chairs so that the thread is stretched. Let's put one clown on a string so that he can pass between her hands. What happened? The clown fell. Now let’s glue a coin to his hands and glue the second figure onto the first one so that the coins are between the layers of paper. Let's color the clown on both sides. Let's try to put him on the rope again.

What's happening: The clown holds the rope perfectly and does not fall. Can even balance on the tip of a pencil without falling over.

Explanation : The clown does not fall due to the special location of the center of gravity. The center of gravity is the imaginary point at which the bulk of the body falls. Our center of gravity is somewhere in the abdominal area. It's the same with a paper clown: its center of gravity is located approximately in its stomach. If you place it on a string without coins, the center of gravity will be above the string. If the clown leans slightly to the side, the center of gravity will pull him down. The figurine will topple over. But when we glue two heavy coins to his hands, the center of gravity will be between the clown’s hands - under the thread. Now the clown stands firmly on the rope and will not fall. Motorcyclists in circuses who ride on a tightrope also resort to this trick: a heavy load is suspended from below the motorcycle, shifting the center of gravity.

Instructions on precautionary measures.

Before starting any experiment, consult with an adult, show a description of the experiment and explain where and how you are going to conduct it. If the description says that you will need adult help, then your assistant must remain until the very end of the experience. Never attempt to use sharp tools or heat any substances yourself. Look at what you will need for the experience and prepare everything you need in advance. When experimenting, don't forget about a notepad and pencil. It is very useful to write down what results you expect to get before starting an experiment. At the end of the experiment, write down the results obtained and compare them with those you expected. Were your expectations confirmed? If not, think why. Use caution when experimenting with household chemicals, such as soap or dishwashing liquid, and food products. Don't forget to ask permission to take these substances for experiments. When you finish the experiment, throw away everything you used. The products on which the experiments were carried out cannot be eaten! Be sure to wash your hands before and after experimenting with chemicals or products. At the end of the experiment, put everything back in its place. It is especially important to carefully remove items such as glasses, bottles, scissors, knitting needles, elastic bands and plastic bags. These items may be harmful to small children and pets. Even the smallest basin of water can be dangerous for a baby.

There are many films about illusionists and magicians, but few of them are remembered for years. The thing is that it is not easy to show a truly impressive illusion in cinema; the viewer must believe in a genuine miracle where every second is a miracle. Still, we managed to implement several noticeable tricks on the screen.

We invite you to recall the most memorable screen tricks.

The illusion of deception - 2

Those who watched the film will probably remember the moment when Atlas in the square, surrounded by a crowd of spectators, stopped the rain and then made it go in reverse. It looks so impressive that doubt creeps in: is this a special effect? But no. At the beginning of the film, in the magic shop, the riders pay attention to a small device in which the drops move in reverse, like rain at the end of the film, this is the solution.

Stroboscope - that's the main thing actor in this focus. This is a device that allows you to quickly reproduce repeating bright light pulses. To roughly understand how it works, remember any night club and flashing bright White light, thanks to which it seems that you are moving in jerks, like a robot, this is a strobe and stroboscopic effect, i.e. visual illusion.

For those who find it difficult to understand what we are talking about, this video the blogger talks in detail about this trick and even repeats it.

Illusion of deception

And again, Daniel Atlas, the hero of Jesse Eisenberg, surprises you already in the first minutes of the film, plus he makes you part of his card trick. Admit it, you also wished for the seven of diamonds? The secret is that while flipping through a deck of cards, he pauses twice for microseconds on this particular card.

Simple to the human eye you can't catch it, but if you look video in slow motion, you'll see what we mean.

The Incredible Burt Wonderstone

Not the most successful, but quite funny comedy “The Incredible Burt Wonderstone”. Alas, impressive cast, which included Steve Carell, Jim Carrey and Steve Buscemi, did not save the picture from a box office failure, but this film will not simply be erased from your memory. If only because some tricks from it penetrate like a drill into the very brain.

Not very smart, but fun and a little scary - Jim Carrey drilling himself temple.

Prestige

The fight between the characters of Hugh Jackman and Christian Bale gives the audience many impressive scenes that excite the imagination, and the explanation of the tricks will drive you crazy. How do you like, for example, a trick where Hugh Jackman's character moves between two doors at fantastic speed?

The secret of this magical teleportation is simple and, of course, like all the tricks in this film, is explained to the viewer, but focus looks elegant and truly spectacular.

Illusionist

Neil Berger's film "The Illusionist" only hides behind a sonorous title - in fact, the film contains much more drama and romance than magic tricks and mystical transformations. And yet, the film could not do without demonstrating the skills of the mysterious Mr. Eisenheim.

The impressive scene with an orange seed growing into a full-fledged bush bearing fruit will not leave the demanding audience indifferent. We, too, are ready to applaud Edward Norton's hero, especially in light of the fact that this trick was actually demonstrated to the public in the 19th century by Robert-Houdin.

Secret The trick lies in the pot itself and the special mechanism.

The Dark Knight

The villain from the film “The Dark Knight”, the Joker, pulls off a very impressive, but deadly trick, “The Vanishing Pencil”. True, we wouldn’t wish anyone to be his assistant in performing this trick - the Joker’s assistants are kind of disposable. Although

We all freeze in anticipation of the next “magic” when we watch the deft hands of a magician. At this moment it seems to us that illusionists have real magic, and the atmosphere they create at the performances does not even allow one to doubt their abilities. Bright Side and I have exposed 6 of the most famous tricks.

Secret No. 1. Sawing a woman

Do you remember how, as a child, you watched with bated breath creepy picture sawing up a woman? Nowadays you won’t surprise us with such tricks; almost everyone knows: the “sorcerer” has two assistants hidden in his box.

Secret No. 2. Torn bill

Previously, people were perplexed when Copperfield, right in front of people, tore a dollar folded in half, then unfolded it and it turned out to be whole. And the secret here is clever arranged pencil: It's actually cut diagonally and connected with strong magnets! Thus, the bill easily passes between its magnetized halves and remains unharmed.

Secret No. 3. Levitation

The secret to this popular trick among street magicians lies in a carefully hidden prop. That is why these “wizards” often appear in an image with which the staff is in perfect harmony: after all, it has a continuation that runs through all the clothes.

Secret No. 4. The disappearance of the glass

A glass of water is placed on the table, which is then covered with a scarf. Then the glass is lifted and thrown into the air, the result: the scarf falls to the floor and the glass disappears. And here’s the trick: firstly, a wire ring is sewn into the scarf, which creates the illusion that there is a glass under the scarf. And secondly, the glass itself is lowered into a secret bag through a tricky hole in the table.

Secret No. 5. Zigzag Girl

In this trick, everything largely depends on the assistant herself. Her main task is to position herself in the cramped space of the closet intended for her, but at the same time so that her hand and foot maintain the natural position of an upright person.

Secret #6: Michael Jackson Lean

Everyone probably remembers the spectacular bend that Michael and his dancers performed when performing the song “Smooth Criminal.” It looked incredible because the tilt was made by a straight body and at an acute angle of 45 degrees. The secret here lies in boots with a specially shaped heel and a cunning stage arrangement. After all, it was precisely because pegs appeared on its surface that the heel clung and allowed the artists to perform the maneuver.